1.

Gii thiu v ng h in t a nng ( VOM) ng h vn nng ( VOM ) l thit b o khng th thiu c vi bt k mt k thut vin in t no, ng h vn nng c 4 chc nng chnh l o in tr, o in p DC, o in p AC v o dng in. u im ca ng h l o nhanh, kim tra c nhiu loi linh kin, thy c s phng np ca t in , tuy nhin ng h ny c hn ch v chnh xc v c tr khng thp khong 20K/Vol do vy khi o vo cc mch cho dng thp s b st p. 2. Hng dn o in p xoay chiu. S dng ng h vn nng o p AC Khi o in p xoay chiu ta chuyn thang o v cc thang AC, thang AC cao hn in p cn o mt nc, V d nu o in p AC220V ta thang AC 250V, nu ta thang thp hn in p cn o th ng h bo kch kim, nu thanh qu cao th kim bo thiu chnh xc. * Ch - ch : Tuyt i khng thang o in tr hay thang o dng in khi o vo in p xoay chiu => Nu nhm ng h s b hng ngay lp tc ! nhm thang o dng in, o vo ngun AC => s hng ng h

Hng Dn s dng h in t a nng

 nhm thang o in tr, o vo ngun AC => s hng cc in tr trong ng h * Nu thang o p DC m o vo ngun AC th kim ng h khng bo , nhng ng h khng nh hng . (i khi kim ln) thang DC o p AC ng h khng ln kim tuy nhin ng h khng hng Cc ni dung cp : Cc tc dng ca thang o in tr, o kim tra in tr than, dng thang o in tr kim tra phng np v cc h hng ca t in. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. Hng dn o in tr v tr khng. Vi thang o in tr ca ng h vn nng ta c th o c rt nhiu th. o kim tra gi tr ca in tr o kim tra s thng mch ca mt on dy dn o kim tra s thng mch ca mt on mch in o kim tra cc cun dy bin p c thng mch khng o kim tra s phng np ca t in o kim tra xem t c b d, b chp khng. o kim tra tr khng ca mt mch in o kim tra i t v bng bn dn. * s dng c cc thang o ny ng h phi c lp 2 Pn tiu 1,5V bn trong, x dng cc thang o 1Kohm hoc 10Kohm ta phi lp Pin 9V.

o in tr :
o kim tra in tr bng ng h vn nng o tri s in tr ta thc hin theo cc bc sau : Bc 1 : thang ng h v cc thang o tr, nu in tr nh th thang x1 ohm hoc x10 ohm, nu in tr ln th thang x1Kohm hoc 10Kohm. => sau chp hai que o v chnh trit o kim ng h bo v tr 0 ohm. Bc 2 : Chun b o . Bc 3 : t que o vo hai u in tr, c tr s trn thang o , Gi tr o c = ch s thang o X thang o V d : nu thang x 100 ohm v ch s bo l 27 th gi tr l = 100 x 27 = 2700 ohm = 2,7 K ohm Bc 4 : Nu ta thang o qu cao th kim ch ln mt cht , nh vy c tr s s khng chnh xc. Bc 5 : Nu ta thang o qu thp , kim ln qu nhiu, v c tr s cng khng chnh xc. Khi o in tr ta chn thang o sao cho kim bo gn v tr gia vch ch s s cho chnh xc cao nht.

Dng thang in tr o kim tra t in

Ta c th dng thang in tr kim tra phng np v h hng ca t in , khi o t in , nu l t gm ta dng thang o x1K ohm hoc 10K ohm, nu l t ho ta dng thang x 1 ohm hoc x 10 ohm. Dng thang x 1K ohm kim tra t gm Php o t gm trn cho ta bit : T C1 cn tt => kim phng np khi ta o T C2 b d => ln kim nhng khng tr v v tr c T C3 b chp => kim ng h ln = 0 ohm v khng tr v. Dng thang x 10 ohm kim tra t ho trn l php o kim tra cc t ho, t ho rt t khi b d hoc chp m ch yu l b kh ( gim in dung) khi o t ho bit chnh xc mc hng ca t ta cn o so snh vi mt t mi c cng in dung. trn l php o so snh hai t ho cng in dung, trong t C1 l t mi cn C2 l t c, ta thy t C2 c phng np yu hn t C1 => chng t t C2 b kh ( gim in dung ) Ch khi o t phng np, ta phi o chiu que o vi ln xem phng np.

Gii thiu v ng h s DIGITAL

ng h s Digital c mt s u im so vi ng h c kh, l chnh xc cao hn, tr khng ca ng h cao hn do khng gy st p khi o vo dng in yu, o c tn s in xoay chiu, tuy nhin ng h ny c mt s nhc im l chy bng mch in t ln hay hng, kh nhn kt qu trong trng hp cn o nhanh, khng o c phng np ca t. ng h vn nng s Digital Hng dn s dng : * o in p mt chiu ( hoc xoay chiu )

t ng h vo thang o in p DC hoc AC que ng h vo l cm " V# mA" que en vo l cm "COM" Bm nt DC/AC chn thang o l DC nu o p mt chiu hoc AC nu o p xoay chiu. Xoay chuyn mch v v tr "V" hy thang o cao nht nu cha bit r in p, nu gi tr bo dng thp phn th ta gim thang o sau. t thang o vo in p cn o v c gi tr trn mn hnh LCD ca ng h. Nu t ngc que o(vi in mt chiu) ng h s bo gi tr m (-) * o dng in DC (AC) Chuyn que ng h v thang mA nu o dng nh, hoc 20A nu o dng ln. Xoay chuyn mch v v tr "A" Bm nt DC/AC chn o dng mt chiu DC hay xoay chiu AC t que o ni tip vi mch cn o c gi tr hin th trn mn hnh. * o in tr Tr li v tr dy cm nh khi o in p . Xoay chuyn

mch v v tr o " # ", nu cha bit gi tr in tr th chn thang o cao nht , nu kt qu l s thp phn th ta gim xung. t que o vo hai u in tr. c gi tr trn mn hnh. Chc nng o in tr cn c th o s thng mch, gi s o mt on dy dn bng thang o tr, nu thng mch th ng h pht ra tin ku * o tn s Xoay chuyn mch v v tr "FREQ" hoc " Hz" thang o nh khi o in p . t que o vo cc im cn o c tr s trn mn hnh. * o Logic o Logic l o vo cc mch s ( Digital) hoc o cc chn ln ca vi x l, o Logic thc cht l o trng thi c in - K hiu "1" hay khng c in "0", cch o nh sau: Xoay chuyn mch v v tr "LOGIC" t que vo v tr cn o que en vo mass Mn hnh ch "#" l bo mc logic mc cao, ch "#" l bo logic mc thp * o cc chc nng khc ng h vn nng s Digital cn mt s chc nng o khc nh o i t, o t in, o Transistor nhng nu ta o cc linh kin trn, ta ln dng ng h c kh s cho kt qu tt hn v o nhanh hn

1. Hng dn o in p mt chiu DC bng ng h vn nng.

Khi o in p mt chiu DC, ta nh chuyn thang o v thang DC, khi o ta t que vo cc dng (+) ngun, que en vo cc m (-) ngun, thang o cao hn in p cn o mt nc. V d nu o p DC 110V ta thang DC 250V, trng hp thang o thp hn in p cn o => kim bo kch kim, trng hp thang qu cao => kim bo thiu chnh xc.

Dng ng h vn nng o in p mt chiu DC * Trng hp sai thang o : Nu ta sai thang o, o p mt chiu nhng ta ng h thang xoay chiu th ng h s bo sai, thng thng gi tr bo sai cao gp 2 ln gi tr thc ca in p DC, tuy nhin ng h cng khng b hng .

 sai thang o khi o in p mt chiu => bo sai gi tr. * Trng hp nhm thang o Ch - ch : Tuyt i khng nhm ng h vo thang o dng in hoc thang o in tr khi ta o in p mt chiu (DC) , nu nhm ng h s b hng ngay !! Trng hp nhm thang o dng in khi o in p DC => ng h s b hng ! Trng hp nhm thang o in tr khi o in p DC => ng h s b hng cc in tr bn trong! o Tran Si Tor Transistor khi hot ng c th h hng do nhiu nguyn nhn, nh hng do nhit , m, do in p ngun tng cao hoc do cht lng ca bn thn Transistor, kim tra

Transistor bn hy nh cu to ca chng.

Cu to ca Transistor Kim tra Transistor ngc NPN tng t kim tra hai Diode u chung cc Ant, im chung l cc B, nu o t B sang C v B sang E ( que en vo B ) th tng ng nh o hai diode thun chiu => kim ln , tt c cc trng hp o khc kim khng ln. Kim tra Transistor thun PNP tng t kim tra hai Diode u chung cc Katt, im chung l cc B ca Transistor, nu o t B sang C v B sang E ( que vo B ) th tng ng nh o hai diode thun chiu => kim ln , tt c cc trng hp o khc kim khng ln. Tri vi cc iu trn l Transistor b hng. Transistor c th b hng cc trng hp . * o thun chiu t B sang E hoc t B sang C => kim khng ln l transistor t BE hoc t BC * o t B sang E hoc t B sang C kim ln c hai chiu l chp hay d BE hoc BC. * o gia C v E kim ln l b chp CE. *Cc hnh nh minh ho khi o kim tra Transistor.

Php o cho bit Transistor cn tt . Minh ho php o trn : Trc ht nhn vo k hiu ta bit c Transistor trn l bng ngc, v cc chn ca Transistor ln lt l ECB ( da vo tn Transistor ). < xem li phn xc nh chn Transistor > Bc 1 : Chun b o ng h thang x1# Bc 2 v bc 3 : o thun chiu BE v BC => kim ln . Bc 4 v bc 5 : o ngc chiu BE v BC => kim khng ln. Bc 6 : o gia C v E kim khng ln => Bng tt. ----------------------------------------------------------------------

Php o cho bit Transistor b chp BE Bc 1 : Chun b . Bc 2 : o thun gia B v E kim ln = 0 # Bc 3: o ngc gia B v E kim ln = 0 # => Bng chp BE -----------------------------------------------------------------

Php o cho bit bng b t BE Bc 1 : Chun b . Bc 2 v 3 : o c hai chiu gia B v E kim khng ln. => Bng

t BE Php o cho thy bng b chp CE Bc 1 : Chun b . Bc 2 v 4 : o c hai chiu gia C v E kim ln = 0 # => Bng chp CE Trng hp o gia C v E kim ln mt cht l b d CE

o kim tra Thyristor

o kim tra Thyristor t ng h thang x1W , t que en vo Anot, que vo Katot ban u kim khng ln , dng Tovit chp chn A vo chn G => thy ng h ln kim , sau b Tovit ra => ng h vn ln kim => nh vy l Thyristor tt .

o IoDe

Phng php o kim tra Diode

o kim tra Diode t ng h thang x 1# , t hai que o vo hai u Diode, nu : o chiu thun que en vo Ant, que vo Katt => kim ln, o chiu o kim khng ln l => Diode tt Nu o c hai chiu kim ln = 0# => l Diode b chp. Nu o thun chiu m kim khng ln => l Diode b t. php o trn th Diode D1 tt , Diode D2 b chp v D3 b t Nu thang 1K# m o ngc vo Diode kim vn ln mt cht l Diode b d.

o Kim Tra MosFET

o kim tra Mosfet Mt Mosfet cn tt : L khi o tr khng gia G vi S v gia G vi D c in tr bng v cng ( kim khng ln c hai chiu o) v khi G c thot in th tr khng gia D v S phi l v cng. Cc bc kim tra nh

sau : o kim tra Mosfet ngc thy cn tt. Bc 1 : Chun b thang x1KW Bc 2 : Np cho G mt in tch ( que en vo G que vo S hoc D ) Bc 3 : Sau khi np cho G mt in tch ta o gia D v S ( que en vo D que vo S ) => kim s ln. Bc 4 : Chp G vo D hoc G vo S thot in chn G. Bc 5 : Sau khi thot in chn G o li DS nh bc 3 kim khng ln. => Kt qu nh vy l Mosfet tt.

Chc cc bn thnh cng trong lnh vc hc tp, nghin cc v in t!

Mi thc mc xin lin H TRN XUN TRNG in t 10 k50 TVT.