L gii c s khch quan ca chnh sch giao rng cho dn qun l:

Mc ch ca chnh sch l nhm to ng lc kinh t khuyn khch mi ch th tch cc tham gia bo v v pht trin rng; lm cho thu nhp t rng tr thnh mt ngun thu ng k, gp phn bo m cuc sng ca ngi lm ngh rng; ng thi, lm r trch nhim ca ngi c giao, c thu, nhn khon rng i vi vic bo v v pht trin rng. - C s khch quan khin cho nh nc tr nn kh khn trong vic qun l rng: l do rng l mt ti nguyn thin nhin, l ti sn chung ca t nc, mc d rng c t di s qun l ca nh nc( v d nh mt s rng c kim lm thc hin vic qun l v bo v rng ) song rt kh kim sot vic cht ph rng, t rng lm ry ca ngi dn do rng khng c tnh loi tr,v c tnh cht ca loi hng ha cng cng. C s khch quan ca vic nh nc thc hin chnh sch giao rng cho dn : + Do tp qun sinh sng ca ngi dn tc min ni, l du canh du c, cht ph rng, t rng lm nng ry ly t canh tc sn xut v ngi dn a phng gn rng cn ngho, h khng c t canh tc sn xut, nh nc li p dng nhng chnh sch qun l khin h khng thu c ngun li t rng, h ln rng cht ph rng tri php ba bi, gy nh hng nghim trng n h sinh thi t nhin. y l mt ngoi ng tiu cc. => V vy chnh ph ra chnh sch giao rng cho cng ng, cng ng tham gia bo v pht trin rng s gim ti cho kim lm trong khi dn c hng li t cc sn phm t rng. Vic s dng, khai thc rng tri php l ngoi ng tiu cc v Chnh ph s dng chnh sch tr cp cho ngoi ng tiu cc. Tr cp cho ngoi ng tiu cc c biu th qua th hnh sau: -

M ,M B C

Tr cp i vi ngoi ng tiu cc

Gii thch: Vi Q l quy m rng b khai thc tri php trong vng qun l Gi s vi mi n v quy m rng m dn ngng khai thc tri php chnh ph s tr cp cho h mt khon bng AE( chnh l khon t rng c trao cho ngi dn quyn s dng khai thc li ch v cc chng trnh h tr km theo). Khi ngi dn s cn nhc xem mc tr cp vi li ch bin rng khi khai thc thm mt n v quy m rng tri php.Theo hnh v, vi tt c cc n v quy m rng b khai thc tri php t Q1 n Q0, ta c th thy mc li ch bin rng ca ngi dn lun thp hn mc tr cp nn ngi dn s khng khai thc tri php rng tri php na m nhn rng khon ca chnh ph, tham gia trng rng, bo v rng, gy rng, v nhn li nhng ngun li m rng mang li.Phn t m trong hnh di y chnh l ton b phn li ch m h nhn c khi nhn tr cp ca chnh ph + Khi giao rng cho dn qun l v s dng, mc ch chnh ca nh nc chnh l ngi dn c thc trong vic s dng v khai thc ngun lc ca rng c k hoch. Trong , trng rng l mt yu cu c ra khi giao rng cho dn. Quy m trng rng v khai thc ph thuc vo gi tr s dng ca rng. Trong thc t, trng rng mang li rt nhiu li ch cho ngi dn c giao t rng m cn mang li li ch rt ln cho x hi nh: chng si mn, st l t, l lt u ngun, cc dch v mi trng ca rng. y l mt ngoi ng tch cc. v vy chnh ph cng tr cp cho ngoi ng tch cc ny bng vic giao cho ngi dn quyn s dng v bo v rng. Nguyn nhn dn n tr cp l trong cc hot ng ny li ch c nhn thng thp hn li ch x hi. Nn nh u t ch tin hnh cc hot ng ny nu nh h nhn c tr cp t bn ngoi.

Gii thch : Vi Q l quy m rng c trng v s dng ng mc ch

Khi khng c s iu chnh ca chnh ph, x hi s b tn tht mt khon phc li bng tam gic UVZ. mc tr cp trn mi n v quy m rng c trng v s dng ng mc ch , sao cho n ng bng li ch ngoi ng bin ti mc sn lng ti u x hi khi : MPB mi = MPB + s sn lng ti u ti Q0 Tng s tin tr cp tng ng vi quy m t rng c trao cho dn s dng v bo v, cng cc c s vt cht h tr cho chng trnh trng rng trong trong trng hp ny l hnh ch nht MVTN. Mc li ch cao nht m ngi dn c hng l khi thu t lm nghip gy trng rng. H c quyn t quyt nh mc ch v phng thc gy trng rng, c quyn t quyt nh vic khai thc v s dng lm sn. Cn i vi vic nhn khon, khoanh nui ti sinh v trng rng, mc li ch cao nht m ngi dn c hng l khi t b vn trng, chm sc, bo v rng sn xut. H c hng 95% gi tr sn phm khai thc sau khi np thu. Hng li t rng t nhin sau khi giao l mt vn quan trng trong thc y, kch thch s tham gia qun l rng ca ngi nhn rng. Cc ngun li t rng t nhin rt a dng v s lng, gi tr ca chng ph thuc vo trng thi rng khi giao giu hay ngho, th trng, c s h tng, chnh sch v kin thc s dng lm sn ca ngi bn a. Cc ngun li kinh t t rng t nhin cho ngi nhn rng ni chung bao gm: G v ci, Lm sn ngoi g v dch v mi trng ca rng. Mt khc, ngun vn u t t ngn sch a phng cn hn hp, nng lc qun l ca cc cp chnh quyn cn nhiu hn ch, li chu p lc ln t tng trng kinh t, xo i, gim ngho ti a phng, dn n hiu qu qun l v bo v cc khu rng quc gia nm trn a bn tnh qun l khng cao. Do , khi thc hin chnh sch giao rng cho dn, chnh ph phn no gim ti c chi ph ngn sch nh nc trong vic qun l rng.

kin ng gp: vn cn mt s nhng ro cn khc lin quan n qun l rng cng bng v bn vng nh vic chm tin cp giy chng nhn quyn s dng t, s dng rng; vic chm ban hnh cc quy nh v phng php v cch thc nh gi rng song nhng pht hin chnh nu trn cho thy qun l, bo v v pht trin rng l mt trong nhng lnh vc chu s tc ng rt mnh ca chnh sch v php lut. iu ny cng c ngha l qun l rng cng bng v bn vng i hi chnh sch, php lut v rng phi c mc ph hp cao hn na so vi yu cu ca thc tin. vic r sot, quy hoch li ba loi rng(rng c dng, rng phng h hay rng sn xut) khng ch l cng vic ca ring ngnh nng nghip v pht trin nng thn m cn phi c s phi hp cht ch vi ngnh ti nguyn v mi trng, do quy hoch rng lun phi gn lin vi quy hoch, k hoch s dng t. Thm na, cng n lc phi s dng nhiu hn cng ngh hin i trong r sot, quy hoch rng khc phc nhng hn ch v mc chnh xc trong cc s liu iu tra, quy hoch. Cng ngh tch hp Vin thm v GIS t r gi tr trong vic cung cp thng tin, s liu phc v qun l cc ngun ti nguyn thin nhin ni chung, ti nguyn rng ni ring. Mc ch ca vic r sot, quy hoch li ba loi rng (c th hin trong Ch th 38/2005/CT-TTg) l xc nh r din tch cc loi rng lm c s cho vic t chc sp xp li sn xut trong ngnh lm nghip, thc hin cc ch trng chnh sch v u

t, giao rng, khon bo v rng, sp xp, i mi v pht trin lm trng quc doanh. Theo , c hai ni dung chnh cn phi c trin khai trong qu trnh r sot, quy hoch rng. Mt l, gi nguyn hoc gim din tch rng c dng, rng phng h, m rng din tch rng sn xut p ng nhu cu pht trin kinh t- x hi; hai l, gim s din tch rng quc gia do trung ng qun l, chuyn giao cc rng quc gia cho y ban nhn dn cc tnh qun l. Nu c thc hin ng v y , c th d dng nhn thy mt s tc ng tch cc ca ch trng ny n qun l, bo v v pht trin rng, c bit t phng din u t. Trc ht, vic tng din tch rng sn xut s gp phn khuyn khch cc thnh phn kinh t tham gia u t pht trin sn xut trong ngnh lm nghip, gim p lc u t t ngun vn ngn sch. Gi tr hng li t dch v mi trng rng l mt tim nng ln, khi m th gii ang quan tm n s bin i kh hu, v vy vai tr ca rng s c quan tm hn; iu ny i hi c chnh sch v m v s thng tho chi tr ph mi trng gia cc quc gia, khu vc. V nh vy hng li t g thng mi l trc tip v thit thc nht i vi ngi nhn rng tnhin. Kh nng khai thc g thng mi ph thuc vo trng thi rng khi giao, v vy cn c chnh sch giao cc trng thi rng giu ngho khc nhau cho cng ng qun l v to thu nhp, khng ch ch trng giao t trng v rng ngho kit nh hin nay; ngoi ra cn c nhng hng dn k thut, th tc hnh chnh thch hp v c ch hng li cng bng, n gin ngi dn c th p dng. qun l rng bn vng v c c c ch hng li trong GGR, c cc kin ngh sau: i) V qun l rng bn vng sau khi giao: - H tr cng ng lp v thc hin k hoch qun l rng 5 nm, hng nm v quy c bo v v pht trin rng: Kinh doanh rng i hi phi c t chc v k hoch, trong khi y l vn qu mi m vi ngi dn. Cn ng dng phng php tip cn lp k hoch qun l rng cng ng c th nghim v xut t nhiu d n trong c nc (SFDP, ETSP, RDDL, Chng trnh th im qun l rng cng ng ...). - Xy dng c ch, th tc hnh chnh lm nghip cho qun l rng cng ng: Vi th tc hin ti trong kinh doanh s dng rng l rt phc tp, gm nhiu bc vi s ph duyt ca nhiu c quan, cng ng kh c th tip cn c v nh vy th h khng th t chc c bt k hot ng s dng rng no. Hng xut l phn cp qun l rng n huyn, x, v tinh gin cc th tc trong ph duyt cc k hoch, cp php khai thc lm sn; gim st qun l rng da vo cng ng. - Pht trin khuyn lm: Cng tc ny sau GGR hu nh cha c trin khai, c bit l khuyn lm cho ngi ngho do vy hn ch vic t chc pht trin kinh t rng. - Ch bin lm sn quy m cng ng: T cc sn phNm khai thc t rng, pht trin sinh k nng thn, cn c k hoch pht trin ngnh ngh s ch, ch bin lm sn a phng nhm tng gi tr hng ha, to thm vic lm v gn vi th trng n nh. - Cn o to cn b k thut lm nghip, khuyn lm v k thut, phng php tip cn c s tham gia trong lp k hoch qun l rng cng ng v h tr thc thi. Xy dng cc ti liu, quy trnh hng dn: i) Lp quy hoch v k hoch bo v v pht trin rng cp x; ii) Phng php GGR c s tham gia ca ngi dn; iii) Lp k hoch qun l rng cng ng 5 nm v hng nm; iv) Hng dn xy dng Quy c bo v v pht trin rng; v) Hng dn k thut lm sinh n gin trong qun l rng cng ng. Cc ti liu ny cng c pht trin bi cc d n pht trin cng ng trong thi gian qua, cn k tha v h thng li p dng. ii) V c ch hng li t rng t nhin trong GGR: - Xy dng c ch hng li g trong qun l rng cng ng: Chnh sch hng li t rng hin nay vn theo quyt nh 178 v Ty N guyn th c quyt nh 304 cn nhiu bt cp v cha thc hin c. Vn hng li t g cn c xy dng c th,

thch hp hn, d tip cn v khuyn khch c ngi dn qun l rng t nhin; ngh a ra chnh 15 sch hng li g cho qun l rng cng ng da vo tng trng s cy khi so vi m hnh rng n nh. - Hng li lm sn ngoi g: N gi nhn rng c hng ton b lm sn ngoi g l ph hp, nhng qun l s dng bn vng, cn thc Ny cng ng xy dng cc quy nh c th trong Quy c bo v v pht trin rng. - Hng li cc dch v mi trng rng: y l mt tim nng to ra thu nhp v khuyn ngi nhn rng bo v v pht trin rng; do vy cn c nhiu quan tm pht trin chnh sch v lnh vc ny; trong chi tr hp th CO2 trong bo v cc khu rng non, ngho cha c thu hoch l vn cn c nghin cu v chnh sch thch hp.