Tng quan v nh my thy in

Nh my thy in l mt t hp phc tp bao gm 3 tuyn chnh : Tuyn p lc. Tuyn nng lng. Tuyn h lu.

Tng quan v nh my thy in

S tuyn nng lng chnh trong nh my thy in

Tng quan v nh my thy in

S b tr thit b trong nh my thy in

1 Ca nhn nc 3 Bnh to p lc 5 ng p lc 7 My pht 9 H thng du p lc v b iu tc 11 - ng x

2 Hm dn 4 Nh van 6 Tuabin thy lc 8 H thng kch thch 10 H thng nc lm mt 12 Ca h lu

Tng quan v nh my thy in

Nng lng ca nc
Tuabin nc

My pht

Truyn ti in nng

Tiu th

Kch t

S khi chc nng sn xut in nh my thy in

Phn loi nh my thy in

Nh my thy in sau p Nh my thy in ng dn Nh my thy in kiu tng hp

Phn loi nh my thy in

Nh my thy in sau p

Phn loi nh my thy in

Nh my thy in sau p thng dng vi ct nc t 3045m H 250300m v c th ln hn. Nh my c b tr ngay sau p dng nc. Nh my khng trc tip chu p lc nc pha thng lu, do kt cu phn di nc l bin php chng thm phc tp hn nh my ngang p dng. Nu p dng nc l p b tng trng lc th ca ly nc v ng ng dn nc tuabin c b tr trong thn p b tng. Khong cch gia p v nh my thng b tr cc phng v my bin th. Ty thuc vo ct nc cng tc, nh my thy in sau p thng dng tuabin tm trc, tuabin cnh quay ct nc cao hoc tuabin cnh cho. nh my thy in sau p, phn in thng b tr pha thng lu gia p v nh my; phn h thng du nc b tr pha h lu.

Phn loi nh my thy in

Nh my thy in ng dn

Phn loi nh my thy in

Nc c ngn bi mt p thp ri chy theo ng dn (Knh, mng, ng dn) n nh my thy in. y ct p c bn l do ng dn to nn, cn p ch ngn nc li a vo ng dn. ng dn c dc nh hn dc lng sng. Kiu trm ny thng dng cc sng sui c dc lng sng ln v lu lng nh.

Phn loi nh my thy in

Nh my thy in kiu tng hp

Phn loi nh my thy in

Nng lng nc c tp trung l nh p v c ng dn. Ct p ca trm gm 2 phn: mt phn do p to nn, phn cn li do ng dn to nn. Nh my kiu ny c dng cho cc on sng m trn sng c dc nh th xy p ngn nc v h cha, cn pha di c dc ln th xy dng ng dn.

u im, nhc im ca nh my thy in

u im : So vi cc ngun nng lng khc nh nhit in , in ht nhn hay in chy bng tuabin kh v diezen th thy in l ngun nng lng ti sinh, r tin, khng phi chu cnh bin ng gi nhin liu v l ngun nng lng sch, ng thi gp phn tch cc vo vic cung cp in nng p ng nhu cu pht trin kinh t, x hi ca t nc. Gi thnh in nng thp, ch bng 1/5 1/10 nhit in. Khi ng nhanh, ch cn mt pht l c th khi ng xong v cho mang cng sut, trong khi khi ng mt t my nhit in (k c l v tuabin) phi mt hng ngy. So vi cc nh my nhin in th tui th ca nh my thy in cng cao hn. Mt s nh my thy in ang hot ng hin nay c xy dng t 50 n 100 nm trc. Chi ph nhn cng cng thp bi v cc nh my ny c t ng ha cao v t ngi lm vic ti h khi vn hnh thng thng. Kt hp cc vn khc nh cng trnh thy li, chng l lt, hn hn, giao thng vn ti,

u im, nhc im ca nh my thy in

Nhc im : Thc t, vic s dng nc tch tr kh phc tp bi v yu cu cho mc ch thy li c th xy ra khng trng vi thi im yu cu in ln mc cao nht. Nhng thi im hn hn c th gy ra cc vn rc ri bi v b sung nc khng th tng kp vi mc yu cu s dng. Thi gian xy dng mt nh my thy in lu hn vic xy dng mt nh my nhit in. Thng xa h tiu th nn phi xy dng ng dy cao p rt tn km. Kh khn trong vic ti nh c dn chng trong vng h cha. Trong nhiu trng hp khng mt khon bi thng no c th b p c s gn b ca h v t tin v vn ha gn lin vi a im v chng c gi tr tinh thn i vi h. Hn na, v mt lch s v vn ha cc a im quan trng c th b bin mt.

Vn t ng ha trong nh my thy in
S khi chc nng iu khin ca nh my thy in

Cc h thng t ng ha trong nh my Nhm h thng t ng chnh thng s in. Nhm h thng t ng chng s c. Nhm h thng lin ng trong mch t dng ca nh my.

Cc h thng t ng ha trong nh my
Nhm h thng iu chnh thng s in
H thng t ng iu chnh theo nhm cng sut hu cng ca cc t my ( hay cn gi l nhm h thng iu tc thy lc). H thng t ng iu chnh in p thanh ci 220kV theo nhm cc t my (hay cn gi l nhm h thng iu chnh kch t)

Cc h thng t ng ha trong nh my
H thng t ng iu chnh theo nhm cng sut hu cng
Nhim v ca h thng ny l iu chnh cng sut ca cc t my sao cho : Khng cho cc tuabin hot ng vo trong vng cm do xm thc hay vt qu mc cng sut t my. Phn b u cng sut li yu cu cho cc t my. iu chnh tn s li theo tr s t H thng ny tham gia vo vic iu chnh cng sut pht cho cc t my bng cch nhn tn hiu tn s, lch tn s, tc thay i tn s ca li, qua khi x l thut ton, sau pht mt xung vo cun dy iu chnh ca my bin i in thy nm trong b iu tc in thy lc.

Cc h thng t ng ha trong nh my
S khi chc iu chnh cng sut hu cng my pht

Cc h thng t ng ha trong nh my
H thng t ng iu chnh iu p thanh ci
in p thanh ci 220kV c iu chnh bng cch thay i in p u cc my pht. Bn cht ca vic iu chnh ny l thay i dng kch t trong cun dy rto my pht. Nhim v chnh ca h thng iu chnh ny l : Gia in p thanh ci 220kV theo mt gi tr t trc. Phn b u cng sut v cng cho cc t my sao cho khng xm phm vng cm (nh qu ti rto,). Vn hnh ti u cc my b. H thng ny nhn tn hiu u vo l in p, lch in p, tc thay i in p theo thi gian ca thanh ci 220kV, dng in, tc thay i dng in ca h thng kch thch. Sau a qua b x l vi thut ton ci t trc v cui cng a ra mt xung vo b t ng iu chnh in p nm trong h thng iu chnh kch thch ca mi t my. Do dng kch thch ca my pht thay i dn ti thay i cng sut v cng v lm thay i in p u cc my pht v thanh ci 220kV.

Cc h thng t ng ha trong nh my
Nhm h thng t ng chng s c
m bo an ton cho ton b h thng in li quc gia, nh my thy in trang b cc h thng t ng chng s c : H thng t ng ct my khi mt ti ng dy 500kV : chng s tng vt ca tn s h thng khi mt mt lng ti ln trn ng dy 500kV, a nhanh tn s h thng v gi tr nh mc tng cao mc n nh ca li. H thng t ng chuyn cc my d phng : t ng a cc my ang d phng hay ang chy b vo lm vic kp thi theo tn s li. Khi tn s gim xung 49,5Hz th t ng chuyn sang pht. H thng t ng ct my khi tn s tng cao : mc tiu ca h thng ny l t ng sa thi ngun khi ti h thng b mt mt lng ln (thng l do t mt ng dy truyn ti quan trng).

Cc h thng t ng ha trong nh my
Nhm h thng lin ng trong mch t dng nh my H thng ny c nhim v m bo cung cp in t dng cho nh my lin tc bng cch t cc lin ng cho cc my ct cp ngun t dng. T dng nh my ly t bn ng, hai ng t u cc my 1 v my 8, hai ng t pha h p my bin p t ngu. Cc my ct cp ngun t dng phi m bo sao cho lun c hai ngun cp ti.

H THNG IU TC TRONG NH MY THY IN

Cu trc ca mt h thng iu tc thy lc trong nh my bao gm nhng b phn sau :

B iu tc H thng du p lc MHY Tuabin thy lc H thng ng ng dn nc Servomotor Cc thit b o lng

Trong b iu tc v h thng du p lc MHY l hai b phn chnh ca h thng iu tc thy lc.

H THNG IU TC TRONG NH MY THY IN

Nhim v ca b iu tc
m bo tc ca tuabin n nh nht trong gii hn cho trc v tng ng l m bo n nh tn s ca dng in do my pht sinh ra. Phn b ph ti ca cc t my lm vic song song. Thc hin qu trnh m v tt my trong iu kin bnh thng v trong iu kin c s c tt.

H THNG IU TC TRONG NH MY THY IN

Nguyn l iu tc Theo phng trnh ng hc ca h truyn ng tuabin - my pht vit cho u trc my pht: th gi tn s quay ca tuabin thy lc gi tr nh mc th phi gi c cn bng gia mmen quay Mm ca tuabin v mmen cn Me, tc l gi cho . Trong : d Mm l mmen quay ca tuabin u trc my pht. 0 dt Me l mmen cn, ph thuc vo ph ti in. J l mmen qun tnh ca h tuabin my pht. l vn tc gc ca rto my pht. Khi mmen cn thay i phi iu chnh mmen quay ca tuabin bng cch tng hoc gim lng nc qua tuabin. Momen quay ca tuabin c xc nh theo cng thc sau : Trong : Q l lng nc; [m3/s] H l ct p tnh ton; [m] l hiu sut ca tuabin. Trong qu trnh lm vic ct p v hiu sut hu nh khng thay i, do mmen quay Mm ca tuabin ch cn ph thuc vo lu lng nc. V vy, iu chnh mmen quay ca tuabin, ta phi iu chnh lu lng nc vo tuabin thng qua iu chnh m cnh hng nc.

H THNG IU TC TRONG NH MY THY IN Quan h ph thuc tnh ca ti v tuabin thy lc

H THNG IU TC TRONG NH MY THY IN

Cc b iu tc
B iu tc c kh thy lc B iu tc k thut s

H THNG IU TC TRONG NH MY THY IN

B iu tc c kh thy lc
1 C cu o lng 2 C cu khuch i thy lc 3 C cu chp hnh thy lc : servomotor 4 Phn t hiu chnh 5 C cu t

H THNG IU TC TRONG NH MY THY IN

B iu tc k thut s
B iu tc k thut s DTL 595

H THNG IU TC TRONG NH MY THY IN

B iu tc k thut s gm cc b phn chnh sau y :
B iu khin tc c b x l trung tm loi MC 68341. Cc rle ghp ni tn hiu vo/ra. B bin i ngun cp 220VAC/24VDC. Cc kha iu khin, thit b, ng b ch bo v n tn hiu. H thng gim st xm thc v rung ca t my. B gim st tc c b x l trung tm loi MC-68241 lp trong t iu tc H thng o lng tc s C cu phn hi c gn trc tip trn servomotor cnh hng nc. Trong , b iu khin tc v b gim st tc SM 595 l hai b phn chnh ca b iu tc.

H THNG IU TC TRONG NH MY THY IN

Chc nng :
Logic : la chn ch lm vic, pht hin my pht ct khi li; gim st; khi ng/dng; dng khn cp. iu khin v tr cnh hng nc iu khin gii hn m iu khin tc iu khin cng sut iu khin mc nc

Cc tn hiu iu khin : van phn phi b iu tc thy lc Cc tn hiu phn hi :

Tn hiu phn hi v tr cnh hng nc. Tn hiu phn hi van phn phi chnh . Tn hiu phn hi tc . Tn hiu phn hi cng sut.

H THNG IU TC TRONG NH MY THY IN

M t chi tit chc nng : B kha Logic c cc chc nng sau: [0.0] la chn ch iu khin (tc hoc m hoc lu lng hoc mc nc hoc cng sut). [0.1] pht hin my pht ni li [0.2] gim st, kim tra cc ngun in p cung cp, cc chng trnh tun t, cc tn hiu cung cp t ngoi vi, cc u vo tng t nh cc tn hiu phn hi tc ; cc mch v tr [0.3] t ch khi ng t ng v dng t ng my pht. iu khin v tr: v tr ca c cu servomotor cnh hng nc c iu khin thng qua b iu khin PD iu khin gii hn m : m gii hn c th iu chnh trong khong -5 n 105%. iu khin tc : s dng thut ton iu chnh PID, gi tr t ca b iu khin vn tc c th c iu chnh trong khong 90 n 110% thng qua b . B iu chnh PID s xc nh im t cho servomotor iu khin cnh hng bng cch tnh ton s sai lch gia gi tr t v tc thc t. Ngoi ra cn c b gii hn tn s cht, b chnh gim tc thng xuyn. iu khin m : gi tr t c th iu chnh trong khong -5 n 105% thng qua b t m [5.0], ch vn hnh ca b iu khin ny ch c th c la chn khi my pht ni song song( ni li), trong cc ch khc im t m s l m thc ca cnh hng nc. Nu c sai lch tn s so vi tn s nh mc, gi tr b tn s c xc nh theo gim m thng xuyn . iu khin mc nc : gi tr im t [8.0] c xc nh trc, n ch c th xc nh li thng qua cc thit b u cui, bng vn hnh hay giao din thng tin. B iu khin s dng thut ton PI. iu khin cng sut : gi tr t c th c iu chnh t -5 n 105%. thng qua b t im t . Ch hot ng ca iu khin cng sut ch c la chn khi my pht ni song song( ni li). Trong tt c cc ch khc, gi tr t cng sut theo gi tr thc ca cng sut tc dng. B iu khin s dng thut ton PI ;

H THNG IU TC TRONG NH MY THY IN

Cc tnh nng t ng ha ca b iu tc :
iu chnh v tr cc cnh hng ng b vi iu chnh nghin ca bnh xe cng tc. Gim st v kim tra tc , lu lng. iu chnh vic chn nhanh mc ti. Vn hnh a nhim theo thi gian thc. Giao din Ethernet chun vi h thng SCADA. Giao din HMI ti phng iu khin v t iu khin ti ch. Ghi v thng bo cc s kin trong qu trnh vn hnh. Bo v in mt chiu cc module I/O, kim tra cao tn h thng.

H THNG IU TC TRONG NH MY THY IN S nguyn l b iu tc in thy lc

H THNG IU TC TRONG NH MY THY IN

Nhng vn khi iu chnh tn s Quan h gia tn s v cng sut tc dng

vn iu chnh tn s lin quan cht ch vi iu chnh v phn phi cng sut tc dng gia cc t my pht v gia cc nh my in

H THNG IU TC TRONG NH MY THY IN

Tc ng tng h gia cc my pht

Ngha l ph ti phn b gia cc my pht lm vic song song t l nghch vi h s tnh ca c tuyn iu chnh.

H THNG IU TC TRONG NH MY THY IN

nh hng ca ngng khng nhy

H THNG IU TC TRONG NH MY THY IN

H thng du p lc MHY
Nhim v ca h thng du p lc MHY nh sau : Cung cp du c p sut khng i ng m cnh hng nc. Cung cp du bi trn v lm mt. B iu chnh c nhim v duy tr p lc du t 36 39 (kg/m2) v duy tr mc du trong bnh.

H THNG IU TC TRONG NH MY THY IN

Cu trc iu khin p lc v mc du h MHY

H THNG IU TC TRONG NH MY THY IN

H thng du p lc MHY c cc b phn chnh sau :

Bnh MHY T my bm du Cc cm bin mc v p lc H thng van phn phi B iu chnh

H THNG IU TC TRONG NH MY THY IN