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Lp d n u t h thng ti h P1_Phan Thit GVHD: PGS.TS.

Phm Ngc Hi
MC LC

Trang

MC LC ......................................................................................................... 1
LI NI U .................................................................................................... 5
PHN I. TNH HNH CHUNG .......................................................................... 6
Chng 1. Tnh hnh chung ca khu vc ............................................................ 6
1.1. iu kin t nhin ca khu vc ............................................................... 6
1.1.1. V tr a l v a hnh t nhin ....................................................... 6
1.1.2. Tnh hnh kh tng thu vn ........................................................... 7
1.1.3. Tnh hnh a cht th nhng ca khu vc ................................... 14
1.2. Tnh hnh kinh t c hi ca khu vc .................................................... 16
1.2.1. Phn khu hnh chnh v dn c ...................................................... 16
1.2.2. Hin trng kinh t ........................................................................... 17
1.2.3. Yu cu pht trin kinh t trc mt v lu di i vi ngnh nng
lm nghip ........................................................................................................... 21
1.3. Hin trng thu li ca khu vc ............................................................. 23
1.3.1. Hin trng phn vng ti ca khu vc .......................................... 23
1.3.2. Hin trng h thng ti trong khu vc .......................................... 24
1.3.3. Kt lun v yu cu thu li i vi khu vc ................................. 25
PHN II. TNH TON CC CH TIU K THUT ................................... 26
PHC V CHO LP D N U T .......................................................... 26
Chng 2. Tnh ton cc c trng kh tng thu vn .................................... 26
2.1. Mc ch, ngha v ni dung tnh ton ............................................... 26
2.1.1. Mc ch, ngha ........................................................................... 26
2.1.2. Ni dung tnh ton .......................................................................... 27
2.2. Tnh ton ma ti thit k .................................................................... 27
2.2.1. Mc ch, ngha v ni dung tnh ton ........................................ 27
2.2.2. Chn trm tnh ton v tn sut thit k cho ti ........................... 27
2.2.3. Chn thi on tnh ton v phng php tnh ton ....................... 28
2.2.4. Tnh ton m hnh ma v thit k ................................................. 28
2.3. Tnh ton ma nm ca khu vc ........................................................... 33
2.3.1. Mc ch, ngha v ni dung tnh ton ........................................ 33
2.3.2. Chn trm tnh ton ........................................................................ 34
2.3.3. Tnh ma nm trung bnh nhiu nm Xo ........................................ 34
2.4. Tnh ton lng ma mt ngy max ..................................................... 34
2.5. Tnh ton bc hi v bc hi chnh lch khi c h ............................... 34
2.5.1. Mc ch, ngha v ni dung tnh ton ........................................ 34
2.5.2. Chn trm tnh ton ........................................................................ 35
Sinh vin thc hin: Trn Nam Hi Lp: 47N1
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Lp d n u t h thng ti h P1_Phan Thit GVHD: PGS.TS.Phm Ngc Hi
2.5.3. Tnh ton bc hi trn khu ti ...................................................... 35
2.5.4. Tnh ton bc hi chnh lch khi c h .......................................... 35
2.6. Tnh ton cc c trng kh tng khc ................................................. 37
2.6.1. Nhit ........................................................................................... 37
2.6.2. m .............................................................................................. 38
2.6.3. Tc gi ....................................................................................... 38
2.6.4. S gi nng .................................................................................... 38
2.7. Tnh ton cc c trng thu vn ........................................................... 38
2.7.1. Phn tch ti liu dng chy v chn trm tnh ton ........................ 38
2.7.2. Tnh ton dng chy nm ng vi tn sut thit k ........................ 39
2.6.3. Tnh ton dng chy l ................................................................... 43
2.6.4. Tnh ton bn ct ............................................................................ 46
Chng 3. Tnh ton yu cu nc ca khu vc ............................................... 48
3.1. Mc ch, ngha v ni dung tnh ton ................................................. 48
3.1.1. Mc ch, ngha ............................................................................ 48
3.1.2. Ni dung tnh ton .......................................................................... 48
3.2. Tnh ton ch ti cho cc loi cy trng ......................................... 48
3.2.1. Mc ch, ngha v ni dung tnh ton ........................................ 48
3.2.2. Nguyn l tnh ton ......................................................................... 49
3.2.3. Cc ti liu dng trong tnh ton ..................................................... 49
3.2.4. Xc nh lng bc hi mt rung .................................................. 52
3.2.4. Tnh ton ch ti cho la .......................................................... 53
3.2.5. Tnh ton ch ti cho cy trng cn (cy ng v ng) ........... 61
3.2.6. Tnh h s ti v gin h s ti cho cc loi cy trng .......... 63
3.3. Tnh yu cu nc cho sinh hot ............................................................ 65
3.4. Xc nh yu cu nc cho ton h thng .............................................. 66
3.4.1. Mc ch, ngha ............................................................................ 66
3.4.2. Ni dung tnh ton ........................................................................... 66
PHN III. XUT PHNG N V TNH TON ................................. 67
PHNG N ................................................................................................... 67
CHNG IV. XUT PHNG N B TR H THNG TI CHO
KHU VC ................................................................................................................... 67
4.1. Mc ch, ngha ................................................................................... 67
4.1.1. Mc ch ......................................................................................... 67
4.1.2. ngha ........................................................................................... 67
4.2. Phn tch cc iu kin t nhin, hin trng ti ca khu vc .............. 67
4.2.1. Phn tch cc iu kin t nhin ca khu vc ................................. 67
4.2.2. Hin trng cp nc ca khu vc ................................................... 70
4.3. xut phng n ngun nc v bin php cng trnh trong khu vc 70
4.3.1. xut phng n v ngun nc .................................................. 70
Sinh vin thc hin: Trn Nam Hi Lp: 47N1
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Lp d n u t h thng ti h P1_Phan Thit GVHD: PGS.TS.Phm Ngc Hi
4.3.2. xut bin php cng trnh trong khu vc ................................... 70
4.3.3. Xc nh nhim v ca cng trnh .................................................. 71
4.4. Phn tch v chn phng n b tr cng trnh u mi ........................ 72
4.4.1. Chn tuyn p chnh ...................................................................... 72
4.4.2. Chn tuyn p ph ........................................................................ 76
4.4.3. Chn phng n b tr cng ly nc ............................................ 76
4.4.4. Chn phng n b tr trn x l .................................................... 78
4.5. Phn tch v chn phng n b tr h thng knh v cng trnh trn h
thng ....................................................................................................................... 80
4.5.1. Nguyn tc b tr knh ti ............................................................ 80
4.5.2. Phn tch v chn phng n b tr h thng knh .......................... 81
CHNG V. TNH TON PHNG N ...................................................... 83
5.1. Mc ch, ngha ................................................................................... 83
5.1.1. Mc ch ......................................................................................... 83
5.1.2. ngha ........................................................................................... 83
5.1.3. Ni dung tnh ton .......................................................................... 83
5.2. Tnh ton qu trnh lu lng yu cu u h thng ........................... 83
5.2.1. Mc ch, ngha ............................................................................ 83
5.2.2. Cc ti liu dng trong tnh ton .................................................... 84
5.2.3. Ni dung tnh ton ........................................................................... 85
5.3. Tnh ton mc nc yu cu khng ch ti t chy u h thng yc
................................................................................................................................. 89
5.3.1. Mc ch, ngha ............................................................................ 89
5.3.2. Ni dung tnh ton ........................................................................... 89
5.4. Tnh ton iu tit h ............................................................................ 90
5.4.1. Mc ch, ngha ............................................................................ 90
5.4.2. Ni dung tnh ton ........................................................................... 91
PHN IV. THIT K CNG TRNH U MI ......................................... 108
CHNG VI. THIT K NG TRN X L ...................................... 108
6.1. Mc ch, ngha v ni dung tnh ton .............................................. 108
6.1.1. Mc ch, ngha ......................................................................... 108
6.1.2. Ni dung tnh ton ........................................................................ 108
6.2. Cc ti liu tnh ton v hnh thc trn ................................................ 108
6.2.1. Cc ti liu dng trong thit k ..................................................... 108
6.2.2 Phng n b tr v chn hnh thc trn ......................................... 108
6.3. Xc nh kch thc trn c bn ca ng trn ................................ 109
6.3.1. Tng cnh hng dng ............................................................... 109
6.3.2. Ngng trn .................................................................................. 110
6.3.3. Dc nc ....................................................................................... 110
6.4. Tnh ton thu lc ca ng trn ...................................................... 111
Sinh vin thc hin: Trn Nam Hi Lp: 47N1
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Lp d n u t h thng ti h P1_Phan Thit GVHD: PGS.TS.Phm Ngc Hi
6.4.1. Tnh ton thu lc on thu hp ................................................... 111
6.4.2. Tnh ton thu lc dc nc on c chiu di khng i ............ 113
6.5. Tnh ton knh dn h lu .................................................................... 118
6.5.1. Thit k knh ................................................................................. 118
6.5.2. Kim tra iu kin khng xi ca knh ......................................... 119
6.6. Tnh ni tip v tiu nng chn dc nc ......................................... 119
6.6.1. Mc ch tnh ton tiu nng ........................................................ 119
6.6.2. Hnh thc tiu nng ....................................................................... 120
PHN V. TNH TON KINH T .................................................................. 123
CHNG VII. TNH TON KINH T CA D N .................................. 123
7.1. Mc ch, ngha v ni dung tnh ton .............................................. 123
7.1.1. Mc ch ....................................................................................... 123
7.1.2. ngha ......................................................................................... 123
7.1.3. Ni dung tnh ton ........................................................................ 123
7.2. Nguyn l tnh ton ............................................................................. 123
7.3. Tnh ton cc ch tiu kinh t .............................................................. 124
7.3.1. Cc khi nim c bn v phng php tnh ton .......................... 124
7.3.2. Tnh ton cc ch tiu kinh t ........................................................ 126
7.4. Kt lun v kin ngh .......................................................................... 130
Sinh vin thc hin: Trn Nam Hi Lp: 47N1
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Lp d n u t h thng ti h P1_Phan Thit GVHD: PGS.TS.Phm Ngc Hi
LI NI U
t nc ta ang ho mnh vo qu trnh hi nhp v pht trin kinh t ca khu
vc v th gii. Pht trin v nng cao hiu qu sn xut nng nghip theo hng sn
xut hng ho, bo m an ninh lng thc quc gia l mt trong nhng mc tiu quan
trng m ng v nh nc ta ang phn u thc hin.
c th pht trin v nng cao hiu qu sn xut nng nghip th nhim v
t ra i vi cng tc thu li l cn gii quyt mt cch ti u cc nhu cu v ti v
tiu ca ngnh nng nghip. V vy vic lp v xy dng cc d n v thu li trong
c cc h thng ti, tiu cho cc vng min trn c nc, bo m s khai thc
hp l, hiu qu v bn vng ti nguyn t, nc v iu kin t nhin ca tng vng
l vn c ngha quyt nh.
c nhn ti tt nghip vi nhim v Lp d n u t v xy dng h
thng ti h P1 tnh Bnh Thun, vi s hng dn ca PGS.TS. Phm Ngc
Hi. Sau thi gian nghin cu, tham kho cc ti liu c lin quan v tnh ton nay em
xin trnh by nhng ni dung c bn ca d n lp vi mong mun p ng c
cc yu cu ra.
Do kin thc v kinh nghim thc t cn hn ch nn khng trnh khi nhng
thiu st. Em rt mong nhn c s ng gp v ch dn ca cc thy c.
Em xin trn trng cm n!
H Ni, thng 5 nm 2010.
Sinh vin thc hin.
Trn Nam Hi
Sinh vin thc hin: Trn Nam Hi Lp: 47N1
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Lp d n u t h thng ti h P1_Phan Thit GVHD: PGS.TS.Phm Ngc Hi
PHN I. TNH HNH CHUNG
Chng 1. Tnh hnh chung ca khu vc
1.1. iu kin t nhin ca khu vc
1.1.1. V tr a l v a hnh t nhin
1.1.1.1.V tr a l
Khu ti P1 l vng ng bng ln nht ca tnh Bnh Thun, thuc a phn
huyn Hm Thun Bc, ko di t x Hm Tr pha Bc xung ti thnh ph Phan
Thit pha Nam, t sng Khan pha ng n gip ng ng mc +50 pha
Ty.
Ta trung tm khu ti: Kinh ng: 1088; V Bc: 114
Hm Thun Bc l huyn nm v tr trung tm tnh Bnh Thun, c to a
l: 111240 n 113932 v bc; 1075000 n 1081058 kinh ng.
Bn hnh chnh huyn Hm Thun Bc
Pha Bc huyn gip vi cao nguyn Di Linh, pha nam gip vi thnh ph
Phan Thit, pha ng gip vi huyn Bc Bnh v pha ty gip huyn Hm Thun
Nam v huyn Tnh Linh.
Nh vy, Hm Thun Bc c v tr a l kh thun li, nm gn trung tm kinh
t, hnh chnh ca tnh l thnh ph Phan Thit, c khu cng nghip Bnh Thun, gn
Sinh vin thc hin: Trn Nam Hi Lp: 47N1
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Lp d n u t h thng ti h P1_Phan Thit GVHD: PGS.TS.Phm Ngc Hi
trung tm kinh t ln th hai ca t nc (Thnh ph H Ch Minh), thuc tam gic
pht trin kinh t min ng Nam B, gn vng kinh t trng im pha nam... nn
cng c nhiu thun li trong vic pht trin v hi nhp vi nn kinh t quc gia. Do
huyn d dng nng cao kh nng thu ht u t trong cng nh ngoi nc, tip
cn vi cc thnh tu khoa hc k thut tin tin cng nh vn o to v pht trin
ngun nhn lc a phng pht trin kinh t.
1.1.1.2. c im a hnh, a mo
1. a hnh
Lu vc sng Quao nhn chung c a hnh thp dn t Ty sang ng vi
nhiu dy ni ca ng Trng Sn n lan tn ra bin. V th a hnh b chia ct
thnh nhng vch dc, nhng thung lng su v cc ng bng hp. Pha ty v ty
bc l nhng dy ni cao t 300 1000 (m). Do a hnh nh vy nn h thng sng
sui y phn ln l ngn v c dc ln.
Cao trnh rung t trong khu ti chnh nhau kh ln, t cao +50 (m)
pha Ty - Ty Bc xung dn cao + 5 m n + 10 m pha ng ng Nam.
Din tch khu vc o trn bn t l 1/10.000 phn b theo cao nh sau :
Bng 1.1. Phn b din tch huyn Hm Thun Bc theo cao .
Cao ( m ) < 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
Din tch
t nhin ( ha )
2196 5694 6199 8843 11253 13744 16263 18694 20724
Thc t
cn ti (ha )
1740 3000 4300 5750 6830 7700 8200 8530 8140
2. a mo
Khu vc c 3 dng a mo chnh:
- Vng i ni v vng bn sn a pha bc v ty bc l cc khu vc pha ty
ng st Bc Nam bao gm cc x: Hm Tr, Hm Ph, Thun Ho v 4 x vng cao
ng Giang, ng Tin, La D v Thun Minh.
- Vng ng bng ph sa ven sng: Bao gm cc x nm dc theo Quc l 1A
v Quc l 28. y l vng c a hnh tng i bng phng v t ai mu m thuc
loi bc nht ca tnh Bnh Thun.
- Vng cn ct ven bin pha nam v ng nam: Phn b pha ng Quc l
1A. Bao gm cc x: Hm c, Hng Sn,Hng Lim v Hm Nhn.
1.1.2. Tnh hnh kh tng thu vn
1.1.2.1. Tnh hnh kh tng
Sinh vin thc hin: Trn Nam Hi Lp: 47N1
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Lp d n u t h thng ti h P1_Phan Thit GVHD: PGS.TS.Phm Ngc Hi
1. Mng li trm kh tng
Lu vc sng Quao v vng ln cn c cc trm kh tng: Phan Thit, Phc
L, Sng Ly, Bo Lc, T Pao, Di Linh....
nh hng ca cc khi khng kh gy ma khc nhau trong tng thi k v
s bin ng v iu kin a hnh ko theo s thay i v cc yu t kh tng, r
nt nht l ma tng khu vc. Lng ma ph thuc vo cc yu t i kh hu trn
din rng do cc khi khng kh ln gy ra, ngoi ra cn ph thuc vo cc yu t vi
kh hu do bin ng a hnh mt cch cc b nn din bin ma theo khng gian kh
phc tp. Do , khi tnh ton phi chn nhng trm c bn tho mn cc iu kin :
C ti liu di, cht lng ti liu tt, phn nh ng tnh cht ma c trng cho khu
vc.
2. Cc yu t kh hu
a. Nhit :
Ch nhit trn lu vc phn nh c th chung ca min ni, nhng cng c
nt ring ca tng vng. V mt v tr, khu ti P1 do gn bin hn cc khu vc thuc
lu vc sng ng Nai, cao gim nn nn nhit c cao hn. Nu ly trm Phan
Thit l trm gn khu ti nht th c cc c trng v nhit nh sau:
- Nhit trung bnh nm t : 26,8C.
- Nhit trung bnh thng cao nht : 28,8C.
- Nhit trung bnh thng thp nht : 25C.
S dao ng nhit gia ngy v m cng c s khc bit. Nu nh s
chnh lch vng ni pha trn t 8C th vng Phan Thit ch t 3C 4C.
Bng 1.2. Nhit trung bnh, max, min ti trm Phan Thit.
Thn
g
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Trung
bnh
T
Tbnh
25,
1
25,
3
26,
6
28,
4
28,
8
27,
8
27,
2
27,
1
26,
9
27,
1
26,
4
25,
1
26,8
T
max
32,
9
33,
7
32,
4
37,
2
37,
2
35,
8
35
34,
2
35,
5
33,
8
34,
2
33,
6
34,6
T
min
18
17,
3
18,
3
22,
6
22,
9
21,
8
21,
6
23,
2
22,
4
21,
6
19,
2
18,
2
20,6
b. Bc hi:
Ti lu vc sng Quao cng khng c iu kin o bc hi ti ch nn y
phi ly bc hi ti trm Phan Thit lm cn c. Ta thy rng trong khu vc thng
ngun sng Quao v vng ven Phan Thit c s khc nhau. Nhng ni ma nhiu nh
vng Bo Lc th lng bc hi lu vc thp nht, ch t 1,77 (mm/ngy - m). Ni
ma t nh Phan Thit th lng bc hi ln nht, t n 3,97 ( mm/ngy - m).
Bng 1.3. Bc hi trung bnh ngy ti Phan Thit (mm/ ngy - m ).
Sinh vin thc hin: Trn Nam Hi Lp: 47N1
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Lp d n u t h thng ti h P1_Phan Thit GVHD: PGS.TS.Phm Ngc Hi
Thng 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Trun
g
bnh
Trm
Phan
Thit
4,7
2
4,5
6
4,7
3
4,7
9
4,2
3
3,7
4
3,3
8
3,2
3
2,7
9
2,9
8
3,8
4
4,6
6
3,97
Da vo ti liu bc hi ca trm Phan Thit, lng bc hi ln nht t vo
thng 4 hng nm vi khong 4,79 (mm/ngy - m). y l con s tng i ln,
biu hin iu kin kh hu nng min ng Nam B nc ta, v y cng l vng
c lng ma kh nh. Bc hi trung bnh thng nh nht xy ra vo thng 9, khong
2,79 (mm/ngy - m). iu cho ta thy s chnh lch bc hi gia cc thng trong
nm l kh ln.
c. Ma:
Ch ma trn lu vc th hin r quy lut ca ch gi ma.Lng ma
trung bnh nhiu nm ca lu vc khong 1500 (mm).
Lng ma thay i theo a hnh tng vng trong lu vc. Khu vc nm v
tr t ma, c lng ma bnh qun t 1000 (mm) 2000 (mm).
Mi nm, ma cng phn b lm hai ma. Ma ma thng bt u t cui
thng 4 n cui thng 10 v lng ma chim khong 85% 90% lng ma c
nm. Cn ma kh thng ko di t thng 11 n thng 4 nm sau vi lng ma ch
chim 10% 15% lng ma c nm.
Bng 1.4. Lng ma trung bnh thng ca mt s trm
xung quanh khu vc.
Thang
Trm
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Sng Ly 0,1 0,0 17,5 18 116 163 126 148 168 198 58,6 3,7
Phan Thit 0,9 0,4 5,0 29 139 148 175 175 195 181 50,5 12,8
T Li 8,8 14,5 47,6 105 251 428 393 543 438 333 147 38,6
i Nga 26,4 31,5 79,8 153 216 283 257 382 292 283 154 71
T Pao 5,9 5,8 32,4 56,3 221 403 437 551 379 261 91 12
d. Gi:
Sinh vin thc hin: Trn Nam Hi Lp: 47N1
9
Lp d n u t h thng ti h P1_Phan Thit GVHD: PGS.TS.Phm Ngc Hi
Theo ti liu v gi ti trm Phan Thit, lu vc sng Quao chu nh hng ca
hai loi gi chnh:
- Gi ng thng thi t thng 11 n thng 4, c ngun gc t Bc bn cu,
c m rt thp, gy ra tnh trng kh hn. Trong nhng thng ny, nhit thp hn
nhit trung bnh nm, cn s gi nng v bc hi li cao hn so vi trung bnh nm.
- Gi Ty thng thi t thng 5 n thng 10, c hnh thnh t vnh Bng
Gan, mang theo nhiu hi nc v gy ma nhiu. Trong cc thng ny, m v
nhit cao hn so vi trung bnh nm nhng lng bc hi v s gi nmg th thp.
Bng 1.5. Hng gi trung bnh, tc gi max v trung bnh
ti trm Phan Thit (m/s).
Thn
g
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Trung
bnh
Hn
g
N T T T T T T,
V
max
15,
3
15,
0
15,
0
14,
7
13,
0
12,
7
13,
3
10,
8
12,
5
11,
0
14,
8
13,
7
18,5
V
tbnh
5,7 6,3 5,8 5,1 4,3 4,8 4,7 4,7 4,2 4,0 4,5 5,0 4,9
Do gn bin nn khu ti c tc gi ln hn cc ni khc rt nhiu, bnh
qun ti Phan Thit l 4,9 (m/s).
e. m:
Khu vc c nn nhit tng i cao nhng m li thp hn so vi vng
xung quanh.
Theo ti liu o ti trm Phan Thit:
Bng 1.6. m max, min, trung bnh ti trm Phan Thit ( % ).
Thn
g
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Trung
bnh
H
tb
74,
3
75,
2
76,
2
76,
5
79,
0
81,
5
83,
0
83,
5
85,
3
83,
3
78,
8
74,
8
79,3
H
max
93,
0
94,
0
96,
0
94,
0
97,
0
97,
0
98,
0
97,
0
98,
0
97,
0
98,
0
98,
0
96,4
H
min
41,
0
51,
0
45,
0
49,
0
44,
0
41,
0
48,
0
52,
0
52,
0
49,
0
36,
0
40,
0
45,7
S thay i m trong nm ph hp vi ch ma, nhng thng ma ma
c m cao, nhng thng ma kh c m thp. m bnh qun ti trm Phan
Thit l 79,3%.
Sinh vin thc hin: Trn Nam Hi Lp: 47N1
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Lp d n u t h thng ti h P1_Phan Thit GVHD: PGS.TS.Phm Ngc Hi
f. Bc x mt tri:
Bng 1.7. S gi nng trung bnh ngy ti Phan Thit (gi/ngy ).
Thn
g
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Trun
g
bnh
S
gi
nng
9,4
1
9,3
7
9,8
2
9,8
5
8,0
8
7,1
9
7,2
8
6,6
6
6,5
2
6,6
6
7,3
4
8,7
8
8,08
Nm trong vng kh hn vo bc nht nc ta nn so vi cc khu vc xung
quanh, khu ti c s gi nng nhiu hn, trung bnh l 8,08 ( gi/ngy ), s gi nng
bnh qun nm l 2910 (gi/nm).
V ma kh, s gi nng cao, trung bnh 9,45 (gi/ngy), ma ma s gi nng
t hn, khong 7,10 (gi/ngy).
1.1.2.2. Tnh hnh thu vn
1. Mng li sng sui trong khu vc
Ngun nc ch yu trong khu vc l nc mt bao gm mng li cc sng
sui ln nh trong khu vc nh: Sng Ci, sui Trm, sng Thang, sng Trao....Song
c im ca khu vc l a hnh dc, kh hu kh nng, ma t, nng nhiu nn cc
sng sui phn ln kh hn, ht ma l ht nc. Duy ch c sng Ci l sng ln nht
trong khu vc l c nc quanh nm.
Sng Quao l nhnh ln nht ca h thng sng Ci, c lu vc hng nc kh
ln, c nc quanh nm, lu lng trung bnh ma kit t 0,1 (m
3
/s) 0,3 (m
3
/s), c
kh nng gi v iu tit nc, p ng mt phn yu cu dng nc trong khu vc.
Ngoi ra, trong khu vc ln cn cn c mt s sng sui c lng nc kh di
do nh: sng Ly, sng La Ng....
2. Mng li trm o thu vn trong khu vc
Trn sng Quao khng c trm thu vn o c dng chy nn s phn tch ch
dng chy n sng Quao gp kh khn. Trn lu vc dng chy n h sng Quao
c mt s trm trn sng La Ng th hin c tnh cht dng chy trong vng, l
cc trm sau:
- Trm Ph Din, c din tch lu vc 3060 (km
2
).
- Trm T Pao, c din tch lu vc 2000 (km
2
).
- Trm i Nga, c din tch lu vc 373 (km
2
).
- Trm sng Ly, c din tch lu vc 964 (km
2
).
3. Cc c trng dng chy
Sinh vin thc hin: Trn Nam Hi Lp: 47N1
11
Lp d n u t h thng ti h P1_Phan Thit GVHD: PGS.TS.Phm Ngc Hi
a. Ch dng chy sng ngi
Ch yu ph thuc vo ch ma v iu kin mt m. Cng nh cc vng
khc nc ta, lu vc sng Quao c hai ma l v kit. Tuy nhin, do lng ma
trong nm ca lu vc tng i nh nn dng chy cng rt b so vi vng khc, k
c lu vc sng Ly v sng La Ng l nhng khu vc ln cn nht. Do vy b
sung cho ngun nc sng Quao ngi ta dng ngun nc t sng an Sch, mt
nhnh ca sng La Ng.
Do sng Quao l sng c lp chy thng ra bin nn ch nc sng chu
nh hng ca thy triu vi ch nht triu khng u.
b. Dng chy nm
Sng Quao nm trong khu vc t ma, nhng thng ngun, c bit l lu
vc sng an Sch, sng La Ng li c lng ma kh ln nn lng dng chy c
th b sung cho lu vc hng nm tng ln.
Gn khu vc thnh ph Phan Thit, m uyn dng chy nm ch t 10
(l/s/km
2
), nhng ngc ln vng ni ti lu vc tp trung nc cho sng Quao m un
dng chy t 20 ( l/s/km
2
) 25 ( l/s/km
2
), thm ch c vng t n 35 (l/s/km
2
) 40
( l/s/km
2
).
Bng 1.8. Lu lng bnh qun thng
v bnh qun nm ca nhiu nm cc trm (m
3
/s).
Thn
g
Trm
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
N
m
T Li
79,0
7
47,
7
39,
8
47,
3
77,
8
249 421 707 829 717 355
15
7
311
i Nga 3,85 2,5 2,3 3,3 6,9
17,
7
25 41
39,
1
35,
7
17,
4
7,6 16,8
T Pao 20,6
12,
4
9,6
11,
4
23,
4
64 103 188 173 165 82 41 75
Ph
Din
26 16 14 15 30 107 203 290 360 274 119 44 125
Sng
Ly
2,2 1,1 0,9 1,2 5,9 8,3
11,
5
12,
4
29 56 17 4,5 12,6
c. Dng chy l
Lu vc sng Quao thng xy ra l ln nht vo thng 10. Nguyn nhn gy
l ln nht hng nm lu vc hu ht do hi t nhit i sinh ra. V a th dc, ma
li bin i rt ln theo thi gian nn l xy ra thng l l n v ln xung nhanh.
4. Cc c trng ca lu vc
Sinh vin thc hin: Trn Nam Hi Lp: 47N1
12
Lp d n u t h thng ti h P1_Phan Thit GVHD: PGS.TS.Phm Ngc Hi
Ngun nc cho khu vc ch yu l ngun nc tp trung t lu vc sng
Quao, v c b sung t lu vc sng an Sch, mt nhnh ca sng La Ng.
Lu vc sng Quao v sng an Sch c mt s c im sau:
a. Din tch lu vc
Phn lu vc sng an Sch c din tch 120 (km
2
), n l mt nhnh ca sng
La Ng, nm gn trong khu vc rng ni him tr, i li rt kh khn, giao thng
khng thun tin.
Phn lu vc sng Quao c th chia lm hai phn, phn i qua vng i ni c
din tch 296 (km
2
), phn cn li i qua vng ng bng, c din tch khong 400
(km
2
).
b. Thm ph
Kt qu kim k hin trng rng nm 1993 cho thy t lm nghip 94.511 (ha)
chim 73,7% tng qu t ca huyn, trong t c rng t nhin: 68.695 (ha) vi
din tch che ph kh cao 72,7%, tng tr lng g cc loi 4,4 (triu m
3
). n nm
2000, thng k t ai xc nh li t lm nghip: 62.186,6 ha, t din tch che
ph 48,5% trong t c rng t nhin 58.596 (ha), t rng trng 3.590,6 (ha), ch
yu l rng phng h 3.563,1 (ha) v rng sn xut 27,5 (ha). Tuy nhin xt v mt
cht lng th trng thi rng giu v trung bnh chim 20,5% din tch 14.116 (ha) v
t 33,4% tr lng g 1.471.000 (m
3
) ton huyn . Tuy nhin loi rng ny phn b
trn a hnh cao, dc ln m chc nng phng h u ngun phi t ln hng u.
Din tch rng ngho v rng non phc hi chim n 79,3% din tch rng 54.020
(ha) v 66,5% tr lng g 2.929 (m
3
). Nhng loi rng ny phi n 20 -30 nm sau
mi c th khai thc c. V vy phng hng pht trin lm nghip ca huyn
Hm Thun Bc trong nhng nm ti ch yu l bo v vn rng hin c p ng
nhu cu phng h v pht trin vn rng qua vic trng mi rng.
c. dc
Phn lu vc sng Quao thuc vng i ni c dc lng sng kh ln. Hai
bn c nhiu nhnh vo sng Quao. Do c im hai bn h l cc dy ni cao nn
cc nhnh vo len li qua cc thung lng, cc dy ni, v th rt quanh co v c
dc kh ln.
K t sau ni Bi , a hnh lng sng hon ton khc hn vi c im pha
thng ngun, dng sng bt u chy qua khu vc ng bng, dc lng sng c
gim nh i qua cc vng trng trt, n cu Ph Long, dc lng sng rt b. T
y dng chy trong sng chi nh hng rt ln ca thu triu.
Ti im cu Ph Long, tuy ch dng chy trong sng mang nng tnh cht
vng triu nhng mn cn rt nh. iu c th gii thch l do dc lng sng
c s thay i t ngt ti im nt cu Ph Long.
Sinh vin thc hin: Trn Nam Hi Lp: 47N1
13
Lp d n u t h thng ti h P1_Phan Thit GVHD: PGS.TS.Phm Ngc Hi
5. Cht lng nc
a. Nc mt
H thng sng ngi ca huyn Hm Thun Bc thuc h thng sng Ci Phan
Thit, bt ngun t cao nguyn Di Linh. Do a hnh dc nn a s sng ngi ca
huyn ngn, dc v hp thng chy xit vo ma ma v kh cn vo ma kh. Vi
tng chiu di sng ngi ca huyn l 433,42 (km), tng lu lng trung bnh t 289
(triu m
3
/nm) v din tch lu vc 1.050 (km
2
) gip cho ti tiu hng chc ngn ha
gieo trng la nc ca huyn .
b. Nc ngm
Tim nng nc ngm ca huyn khng ln nhng vn c th p ng nhu cu
nc sinh hot cho nhn dn mt s khu vc. Bao gm:
- Cc tng nc di ct l vng c kh nng v trin vng ln nht trn a
bn huyn. su t 50 100 (m) c th t 1 2 (m
3
/gi) n 3 4 (m
3
/gi)
tng ng vi 50 150 (m
3
/ging/ngy).
- Cc tng cha nc cc thung lng sng v tam gic ca sng c giu
nc t loi kh sau vng ct , song c s thay i ty thuc vo thnh phn thch
hc. Trin vng khai thc mi ging c th t 2 30 (m
3
/gi), cht lng nc
khng cao, lng khong cht trong nc thp, ni gn ca sng b nhim mn, lng
khong cht tng t 1,5 4,5 (g/lt).
- Cc tng cha nc trm tch: Phn b ch yu vng g i, c cu to ch
yu l Macma xm nhp, mc nt n ca t nn kh nng cha nc km.
Trin vng khai thc ca ging thng nh hn 0,5 (m
3
/gi), nhng cc v tr gn
t gy c th khai thc t 12 (m
3
/gi).
1.1.3. Tnh hnh a cht th nhng ca khu vc
1.1.3.1. Tnh hnh a cht
Vng i ni c a cht kh cng chc v n nh, c hai tng a cht chnh
l:
- Tng ph t, bao gm t st ln dm sn (lp 4c).
- Tng gc granit phong ho nh, kh cng chc, t nt n, t thm nc.
Ngoi ra cn c mt s a tng khc nh: tng bi tch ct, cui, si (2b v 2d)
Khu ti l vng ng bng, c a cht kh phc tp, c th gp cc tng a
cht sau:
- Lp ct, cui si lng sng, sui (lp1). Ct thch anh ht th, nh, chim
50 % 60 %. Si kch thc 1 2 (cm) chim 20 % 30 %. Cui kch thc 2 10
(cm) chim 10 % 30 %, ngun gc bi tch, chiu dy cha xc nh.
- Lp 2a: L lp t ct nh n ct ht trung chiu dy trung bnh l 2 (m).
- Lp 2b: L t st nh n st nng.
- Lp 2d: Ct ln si n ct ht mn.
Sinh vin thc hin: Trn Nam Hi Lp: 47N1
14
Lp d n u t h thng ti h P1_Phan Thit GVHD: PGS.TS.Phm Ngc Hi
- Lp 4
1
: t ct n ct, trng thi ri rc, kt cu km cht, d st l khi gp
nc, chiu dy trung bnh 0,5 0,7 (m).
- Lp 4
2
: st nh n st nng, trong t c ln mnh dm granit phong ho
mnh, kch thc 3 5 (cm), d sp l khi gp nc, chiu dy trung bnh 0,7 (m).
1.1.3.2. Tnh hnh th nhng
1. Cc nhm t chnh
a. Nhm t ph sa
Din tch 17.940,5 (ha) chim 13,95 % din tch t nhin, ch yu l loi ph sa
c bi, ph sa khng c bi, ph sa loang l v ph sa ngi sui. Nhm t ny
phn b trn a hnh bng, sa cu nh trung bnh, ph kh cn i. Thch hp vi
la, hoa mu v cy n qu....Hin trng s dng t l mt trong ba vng trng im
la.
b. Nhm t xm
Din tch 32.588,02 (ha) chim 25,41 % din tch t nhin ch yu l loi t
xm trn ph sa c, xm trn Granit v sa thch, phn b ch yu cc vng i
g ln sng, t nh, ngho dinh dng. Kh nng pht trin trng rng, cy cng
nghip ngn ngy nh: Bng, ma; cy cng nghip di ngy nh: iu, cc cy thc
phm v pht trin ng c chn nui gia sc.
c. Nhm t vng
Din tch 58.853,26 (ha) chim 45,89 % din tch t nhin, phn b ch yu
a hnh i ni vi cc loi t: Nu tm trn bazan, nu trn dacide, l cc
loi t mu m, tng t dy, ring loi t vng trn macma acid (granit),
vng trn Rhoylite c tng mng, ngho dinh dng. Qua nhng c im trn cho
thy t vng c t l din tch s dng nng nghip thp v phm vi thch hp cho
cy trng hp. t t dc ch yu ph hp vi mt s loi cy cng nghip ngn ngy
v di ngy, hoc cc cy trng can hng nm.
d. Nhm t ct bin
Din tch 13.241 (ha) chim 10,33 % din tch t nhin. Gm cc loi: t ct
, ct trng v ct vng, ngho dinh dng, dc t 3 150, d tri ra v di
ng.Trong cc loi t trn th t ct l t c tng dy. Tim nng pht trin
nng nghip ca loi t ny khng c, ch yu l trng rng chn ct v bo v mi
trng.
e. Nhm t dc t
Din tch 1.603 (ha), chim 1,25 % din tch t nhin, phn b ri rc ven cc
hp thu v thung lng. t dc t c hnh thnh t sn phm ca cc vng ni cao
ln cn tch t xung cc khu vc c a hnh thp hn v c th c pha ln vi cc
sn phm t cc vng xa hn do sng sui mang n. V vy cc vng dc t thng
Sinh vin thc hin: Trn Nam Hi Lp: 47N1
15
Lp d n u t h thng ti h P1_Phan Thit GVHD: PGS.TS.Phm Ngc Hi
c s phn bit r rng thnh phn cu trc v sa cu. Nhn chung t dc t c thnh
phn c gii nh n trung bnh, tng t dy. Do c im phn b nn t dc t
thch hp cho b tr trng la nc v cy hng nm, khu vc c mc nc ngm
su cng ph hp vi cc cy lu nm v cy n qu.
f. Cc nhm t khc
Din tch 4021,42 (ha), chim 3,14 % din tch t nhin, gm cc loi t xi
mn tr si , t mu vng trn granit, t hp t vng i ni, sng h....hu
ht c dc 25 %, tng t mng, ph nhiu thp. Ch yu trng rng bo h v
pht trin vn rng.
Nhn chung ti nguyn t ca huyn Hm Thun Bc kh a dng v c
phn b trn nhiu a hnh khc nhau, c tim nng pht trin nng - lm nghip,
c kt cu nn mng a cht cng v n nh, do khi xy dng cc cng trnh
khng i hi chi ph cao.
1.2. Tnh hnh kinh t c hi ca khu vc
1.2.1. Phn khu hnh chnh v dn c
1.2.1.1. Phn khu hnh chnh
Tnh Bnh Thun c 1 thnh ph l Phan Thit, c 8 huyn l: Tuy Phong, Bc
Bnh, Hm Thun Bc, Hm Thun Nam, Hm Tn,Tnh Linh, c Linh v huyn
o Ph Qu.
Hm Thun Bc l mt huyn min nipha bc ca tnh Bnh Thun. Huyn c
15 x v 2 th trn l Ma Lm v Ph Long. Trong c 5 x, th trn ng bng, 8 x
min ni,4 x vng cao.
C 7 x nm trong khu ti sng Quao l: Hm Tr, Hm Ph, Hm Lm, Hm
Chnh, Ma Lm, Hm Thng v Hm c.
1.2.1.2. Dn c
- Dn s: Theo s liu iu tra dn s 1/4/1999 : Tng dn s huyn Hm
Thun Bc l 149.654 ngi chim 14,03 % dn s ton tnh, vi 49,69 % l nam,
50,31% l n, trong dn s sng th trn l 13.597 ngi chim 8,49 % v
136.057 ngi sng nng thn, chim 91,06 %.
- Mt dn s bnh qun: 118 ngi/km
2
, cao nht l: 968 (ngi/km
2
) (x
Hm Thng), thp nht l: 8 ngi/km
2
(x ng Tin).
- T l tng dn s t nhin: 1,85 %.
- Ton huyn c 4 cng ng dn tc gm: Ngi Kinh c 140.085 ngi
(chim 92,76 % dn s ton huyn), cc dn tc khc (ngi Chm, ngi K`ho v
ngi Graylay) c 10.934 ngi (chim 7,24 % dn s ton huyn). Ngi Kinh phn
b hu ht cc x, th trn cu huyn. Song a s sng cc vng trung tm dc theo
Sinh vin thc hin: Trn Nam Hi Lp: 47N1
16
Lp d n u t h thng ti h P1_Phan Thit GVHD: PGS.TS.Phm Ngc Hi
quc l, ven trc giao thng, c u t c s han tng, c n np tip cn th
trng, nng ng v c nhiu kinh nghim trong sn xut lm n. Ngi Chm sng
ri rc cc x Hm Tr, Hm Ph V th trn Ma Lm, cn ngi K`ho v ngi
Graylay sng ch yu cc x vng cao Thun Minh, ng Tin, ng Giang v La
D.
- Vi c im dn c phn b theo trc l, quc l l mt u im trong qu
trnh hnh thnh cc khu dn c tp trung ven quc l, nhng li c nhiu hn ch v
din tch s dng thng nm trong hnh lang bo v ng b, ng in. Do ,
vic m rng mt bng pht trin cc khu vc trung tm v cc cm dn c hai bn
tuyn ng theo chiu su l iu cn c ch trong tng lai.
- V ngun nhn lc:
+ Tng s lao ng ca huyn l 71.834 ngi, chim 48 % dn s, cht lng
ngun lao ng khng u.
+ c im c bn ca ngun lao ng: Ch yu l lao ng ph thng, trnh
thp, cha qua o to,lao ng c tay ngh chim mt t l thp. Trong thi gian
ti cng tc o to tay ngh cn ht sc ch thch nghi vi c ch th trng
trong thi k cng nghip ho hin i ho p ng yu cu pht trin kinh t - x
hi ca huyn.
+ Lc lng cn b khoa hc k thut ca huyn rt t, ton huyn nm 2000 c
2.645 ngi tt nghip trung hc chuyn nghip, cao ng hoc i hc. Bnh qun
trn 1000 ngi dn c 18 ngi c trnh trung hc tr ln.
- Ngh sng chnh l lao ng nng nghip 54.594 ngi chim 76 %, cn li l
lao ng phi nng nghip.
- V i sng kinh t: Ngh sng chnh l nng nghipj nhng sn xut li bp
bnh do thiu nc nn i sng nhn dn rt kh khn, ch sn xut nng nghip
c vo ma ma, cn ma kh i cht ci, t than kim sng.
- V i sng vn ha: Mng li c s vn ha ca huyn cn chp v, ngho
nn. Ton huyn c 1 nh truyn thng, cha c trung tm vn ho th thao ca huyn
l, cha hnh thnh nhng t im vn ho thu ht thanh thiu nin n sinh hot.
Nhn chung, mc hng th vn ho ca nhn dn cn thp c c s chnh lch ln
gia cc vng ng bng, min ni v vng cao.
- V y t v gio dc: Cn nhiu bc xc. Hot ng gio dc cha p ng
c yu cu pht trin x hi, c s vt cht trng hc xung cp, thiu gio vin v
trang thit b hc tp. Chnh sch o to v thu ht cn b k thut cn nhiu bt cp.
Trang thit b v c s y t cn nhiu yu km, thiu bc s chuyn khoa gii p
ng yu cu cha bnh ti ch cho nhn dn.
1.2.2. Hin trng kinh t
1.2.2.1. Kinh t nng nghip
1. Trng trt
Sinh vin thc hin: Trn Nam Hi Lp: 47N1
17
Lp d n u t h thng ti h P1_Phan Thit GVHD: PGS.TS.Phm Ngc Hi
a. Phn b t ai
Theo ti liu kho st ca huyn Hm Thun Bc (Thng 7/1983) v ca s
nng nghip Thun Hi (Thng 11/1983) th t ai trong khu vc hng li nh sau:
Bng 1.9. Phn b din tch t ai vng
hng li nm 1983 (ha).
Tn x
DT t
nng
nghip
t
canh tc
Cy
lu nm
Tng
cng
t trng la t
mu,
cy CN
Cn
g
3
v
2 v 1 v
Hm
Thng
1257 1252 1224 64 825 335 28 5
Hm Lim 1439 1437 1274
127
4
163 2
Hm Chnh 1684 1659 1407 73
133
4
252 25
Hm Ph 1559 1557 1345 62 278
100
5
212 2
Hm c 1389 1358 1169 86 532 551 159 31
Ma Lm 888 848 734 50 358 316 114 40
Tng 8216 8111 7153 262
207
6
481
6
958 105
Loi t Din tch ( ha )
Tng din tch t t nhin (Tnh n cao + 40) 16.263
- t nng nghip 8.216
- t canh tc 8.111
- Din tch trng la xen mu 7.513
- Din tch chuyn mu 958
- t c kh nng khai hoang 468
b. C cu v nng sut cy trng
Vic b tr h thng cy trng ch yu da vo iu kin t nhin ca vng,
vng thp c nc trng la, vng cao thiu nc trng mu v cy cng nghip.
Do khng ch ng c ngun nc ti nn nhn chung nng sut cy trng thp v
khng n nh, i sng nhn dn gp nhiu kh khn.
Nng sut cc loi cy trng:
Sinh vin thc hin: Trn Nam Hi Lp: 47N1
18
Lp d n u t h thng ti h P1_Phan Thit GVHD: PGS.TS.Phm Ngc Hi
- La chim : 2,72 (T/ha).
- La ma : 1,22 (T/ha).
- Cy mu : 1,75 (T/ha).
- Cy cng nghip : 3,41 (T/ha).
2. Chn nui
Chn nui l mt th mnh ca tnh. Bnh Thun c coi l vng chn nui
tru, b sa, d, gia cm,....Hin nay Bnh Thun c n tru gn 8.000 con, n b
trn 120.000 con, n d khong 13.000 con, heo trn 200.000 con, gia cm hn 3
triu con. Bnh Thun ang c k hoch ku gi vn u t vo chn nui b tht - sa
vi quy m t 500.000 700.000 con ti Hm Thun Bc, Bc Bnh, nui heo tht v
ch bin tht ti Hm Thun Bc, c Linh vi s lng 30.000 50.000 con.
3. Lm nghip
Lm nghip l ngun thu nhp ln ca khu vc sau nng nghip. Din tch rng
ca huyn khong 62,185 (ha) chim 17 % din tch rng ca tnh.
Tuy nhin din tch v tr lng rng ang gim st mt cch ng k, din
tch rng trng tuy c tng nhng vn khng b c din tch rng b khai thc.
4. Kinh t vn
Theo s liu ca phng nng nghip Hm Thun Bc:
- Din tch trng thanh long : 1000 (ha).
- Nng sut : 20 (tn/ha).
- Tng sn lng hng nm : 20.000 (tn/nm).
Hiu ch trng thanh long c tnh khong 49 (t ng/nm).
Ngoi ra cn c cc loi cy n qu khc nh: Nhn, nho, xoi, chm chm....
Hin nay, Hm Thun Bc cn c mt s d n pht trin kinh t vn ang gi
vn u t nh: Trng cy cnh Hm Hip, a Mi, trng rau sch a Mi, Hm
Hip, Hm Nhn....
1.2.2.2. Vn nc sinh hot v v sinh nng thn
1.Nc sinh hot
Tnh n cui nm 2000, ton huyn c 6.379 ging o, 944 ging khoan,
786 b nc ma v 10000 lu cha nc 2 m
3
, nh vy gii quyt nc sinh hot
cho 18255 h chim 62,3 % dn s ton huyn.
2.V sinh mi trng
n cui nm 2000, ton huyn c 15.774 h x hp v sinh, trong c 4.862
h x t hoi chim t l 30,8 %. T l h s dng h x hp v sinh t 53,9 %. Bn
cnh , h thng thot nc ti cc khu dn c cha c xy dng nn nc thi
cng gy tc ng xu n mi trng. Vn x l rc, nc thi cn nhiu bt cp,
bi cha rc cha c quy hoch.
Sinh vin thc hin: Trn Nam Hi Lp: 47N1
19
Lp d n u t h thng ti h P1_Phan Thit GVHD: PGS.TS.Phm Ngc Hi
1.2.2.3. Kinh t cng nghip v cc ngnh kinh t khc
1. Cng nghip v tiu th cng nghip
Hm Thun Bc c ngun ti nguyn khong sn kh phong ph :
- xy dng c tr lng ln, ch yu l granit, riote tp trung ti cc m nh
T Zn, Hm c, ni ch - Hng Lim, ni X Th - Hm Tr.
- p lt c cc ni Gi - Thun Ho vi tr lng ln, l thnh khi
tng trn din rng, t yu cu cht lng cho ngnh xy dng.
- Ct thu tinh tr lng khong hn 20 triu tn, cht lng ca, ch yu tp
trung Hng Lim.
Hin nay, mt s m ang khai thc rt c hiu qu. Sp ti, huyn khuyn
khch cc nh u t kho st v u t pht trin cc lnh vc khai thc v sn xut
vt liu xy dng.
Trn lnh vc tiu th cng nghip, Hm Thun Bc v ang thc hin vic
khi phc cc lng ngh truyn thng v xy dng cc cm tiu th cng nghip mi
nh: my tre an, th cm....
2. Thu sn
Dc b bin c cc ng cng nh Con Ch, Phan Thit, Mi N....l iu kin
thun li pht trin ngnh thu sn.
c xc nh l mt ngnh kinh t quan trng ca tnh v Hm Thun Bc ni
ring, c s h tng ngh c c ch u t xy dng, cng chnh sch khuyn
khch v thu, h tr vn tn dng u t nh bt xa b l ng lc thc y ngnh
thu sn pht trin trong thi gian qua.
S lng tu thuyn nh bt v cng sut tng nhanh. Nm 2000, ton tnh
c 5.097 thuyn nh bt xa b, nng xut sn lng hi sn nh bt t 75.739 tn
nm1992 ln 128.700 nm 2000.
Nui trng thu sn, nht l tm tip tc pht trin v cng ang thu ht vn
u t.
Cng tc bo v ngun li hi sn c quan tm, thng xuyn tuyn truyn,
ph bin cho cc ng dn cc quy nh v kch c, chng loi v ma v khai thc. Do
, hn ch c ti a s vi phm cc quy nh bo v ngun li hi sn.
3. C s h tng
Huyn u t xy dng nhiu cng trnh quan trng phc v dn sinh
kinh t.
V mng li giao thng vn ti, trn a bn huyn hin c 3 trc l quan
trng l QL1A, QL28 v tuyn ng st Bc Nam. Ngoi ra cn c: 65,2 (km) tnh
l, 54,5 (km) huyn l v ng lin huyn, 55 (km) ng lin x, 59,7 (km) ng
ni ng ca vng nguyn liu ma v 328,6 (km) giao thng ni ng. Mng li
Sinh vin thc hin: Trn Nam Hi Lp: 47N1
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Lp d n u t h thng ti h P1_Phan Thit GVHD: PGS.TS.Phm Ngc Hi
giao thng ca Hm Thun Bc c ch nng cp, m rng, to thun li cho
vic giao lu, pht trin kinh t - x hi a phng.
ng thu trong khu vc ch c sng Quao l sng c nc quanh nm. Cc
con sng khc nh v c dc ln, lm ghnh thc, li t ma, ma kit thng
khng c nc, lm cho giao thng thu ca huyn khng pht trin.
Mng li in quc gia ko n trung tm cc x v cc khu dn c, 80 %
s h c s dng in.
Mng li thng tin lin lc tng bc c hin i ho, nng cao cht lng
hot ng, 17/17 x v th trn c in thoi lin lc.
4. Thng mi - dch v
Hot ng thng mi - dch v cn bc l nhiu hn ch nh: Hot ng nh
l, t chuc lan trn, phn tn, thiu nng lc kinh doanh nn hiu qu khng cao, c
hin tng p gi, bun bn hng gi, cha to c th trng lu thng hng ho n
nh, cc trung tm thng mi - dch v v h thng ch cc x, th trn quy m
cn nh, a s ch hot ng theo bui sng hoc bi chiu, cng tc qun l ch
cha c quan tm, c ni bung lng.
1.2.3. Yu cu pht trin kinh t trc mt v lu di i vi ngnh nng lm
nghip
1. Tng v v tng nng sut cy trng
a. Yu cu tng v
Chuyn t trng la 1 v bp bnh sang canh tc n nh vi 3 v:
- V chim: trng la.
- V ma: trng mu.
- V ng: trng ng hoc loi cy thc phm thch hp vi th nhng tng
vng.
b. Yu cu tng nng sut
- i vi la, nng sut tng ln t nht l 4 (T/ha).
- i vi ng, nng sut tng ln 2 (T/ha).
2. Pht trin nng nghip theo hng hng ho
a. Theo quy hoch tng th ca tnh, phng hng, nhim v v mc tiu pht
trin n nm 2020
y mnh cng nghip ho, hin i ho nng nghip v nng thn. Pht trin
ton din nng nghip theo hng sn xut hng ho gn vi cng nghip ch bin,
tng dn t trng ca cy cng nghip, cy n qu, chn nui. Hnh thnh cc vng sn
xut nng sn hng ho tham gia xut khu, hnh thnh cc vng nguyn liu cho cng
nghip ch bin....i vi din tch t nng nghip khai thc, cn p dng cc tin
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Lp d n u t h thng ti h P1_Phan Thit GVHD: PGS.TS.Phm Ngc Hi
b khoa hc k thut vcng ngh tng nhanh nng sut. i vi phn din tch t
nng nghip cha khai thc c, cn u t vn khai thc ht tim nng.
b. Hng pht trin mt s cy trng chnh
- Cy la: Gi vai tr quan trng trong vic gii quyt lng thc cho huyn v
tng bc nng cao cht lng hng ti xut khu. Vng chuyn canh la ca
huyn s b tr cc x: Hm Chnh, Ma Lm, Hm Thng, Hm Nhn, Hm c,
Hm Lim, Hm Ph, Hm Tr. Mc tiu n nm 2020 l hnh thnh vng trng la
cht lng cao xut khu vi din tch khong 4000 ( ha ).
- Cy ng: L cy lng thc c kh nng pht trin cc x min ni, vng
cao nh: ng Giang, La D, Thun Ha. Nng dn din tch bp lai t tc lng
thc ti ch, tin ti tr thnh sn phm hng ho. n nm 2020 t din tch 2000
ha, sn lng 6000 (tn).
- Cy thc phm: B tr din tch rau xanh p ng nhu cu trong huyn v
thnh ph Phan Thit. i vi cy u cc loi, cn s dng ging mi, b tr thi v
v lun canh thch hp t nng sut cao v n nh.
- Cy cng nghip ngn ngy: nh bng, ma, m....b tr ch yu cc x
Thun Ho, Hng Sn, Hng Lim nhm tn dng ngun nc c cung cp t h
Sui .
- Cy cng nghip di ngy v cy n qu: Cy cng nghip di ngy c tc
dng ph xanh t trng tt, nn b tr cc x vng cao nh: ng Giang, La D,....
- Cy n qu nh thanh long, nhn, nho....pht trin theo m hnh kinh t gia
nh, kinh t vn.
3. Pht trin dch v v cc ngnh kinh t khc
a. Dch v
Cn khuyn khch v y mnh pht trin cc loi hnh thng mi - dch v
phc v sn xut v i sng, xy dng cc cm dch v u mi v h thng ch
nng thn hnh thnh th trng thng sut nhm y nhanh qu trnh chuyn dch
c cu kinh t nng nghip v nng thn.
b. Cng nghip - tiu th cng nghip
Ch yu pht trin cng nghip ch bin nng lm sn thc phm, khai thc vt
liu xy dng v ngnh ngh truyn thng.
c. C s h tng
Cn huy ng mi ngun lc :
- Pht trin v nng cp h thng giao thng t quc l n tnh, huyn l v
ng lin x.
Sinh vin thc hin: Trn Nam Hi Lp: 47N1
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Lp d n u t h thng ti h P1_Phan Thit GVHD: PGS.TS.Phm Ngc Hi
- Hin i ha mng li bu in ton huyn, hon thin mng li thng tin
lin lc, n nm 2020 c 4 5 my in thoi/100 dn.
- C bn hon thnh in kh ho nng thn vo nm 2020, t mc tiu 95 %
h gia nh c in thp sng.
d. Nc sch nng thn
Thng qua chng trnh cp nc sch nng thn, cc chng trnh ti tr ca
UNICEF v huy ng nhn dn xy dng ging o, ging lp bm tay, cc b cha
v lc nc sch.... cc cm dn c tp trung, phn u n nm 2020 t t l 100%
dn s c dng nc sch.
e. Khoa hc cng ngh v mi trng
n nm 2020 hng tp trung ch yu vo cc lnh vc:
- ng dng cng ngh sinh hc ci to ging v phng tr dch bnh tng
hp cho cy trng vt nui.
- C gii ho khu canh tc v thu hoch.
- Hnh thnh cc cm dn c mi, gii quyt nc sch, v sinh mi trng,
xy dng nng thn mi.
- Pht trin rng ri cng ngh thng tin v tin hc.
- V sinh mi trng: Khai thc hp l cc ti nguyn thin nhin, trng v bo
v rng. Thc hin nghim tc nh gi tc ng mi trng i vi cc c s sn
xut kinh doanh, kp thi x l cc vi phm, c gii php c bn x l nc thi
nhim bnh vin v trm y t.
1.3. Hin trng thu li ca khu vc
1.3.1. Hin trng phn vng ti ca khu vc
Huyn Hm Thun Bc c th b tr thnh 4 vng ti chnh:
1. Vng ng bng nm bn tri sng Quao
C a hnh kh bng phng, cao t 25 (m) xung n 5 (m). Gm cc x:
Hm Nhn, Hm c, Hm Thng v th trn Ma Lm, c phng hng pht trin
cc loi cy trng ch yu l: bp lai, thanh long, rau cc loi...
Ngun nc ch yu cung cp cho vng ny l sng Quao v h Sui .
2. Vng ng bng nm bn phi sng Quao
C cao t 50 (m) xung n 25 (m), gm cc x: Hm Tr, Hm Ph, Thun
Minh, Hm Chnh, Hm Lim, Hm Hip. y ch yu trng la, ng v mt s cy
n qu.
y l vng c tim nng t ai ln pht trin sn xut nng nghip. Tuy
nhin, hin nay ngun nc tp trung ch yu cp cho vng l nc sng Quao. V
vy, ma kit, khi lng nc sng Quao rt nh, ch t 0,1 (m
3
/s) 0,3 (m
3
/s) th
vng ny gn nh b thiu nc hon ton, khng sn xut c g.
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Lp d n u t h thng ti h P1_Phan Thit GVHD: PGS.TS.Phm Ngc Hi
3. Vng pha bc huyn
C a hnh mt phn l i ni thp, mt phn l ng bng. Gm cc x Hng
Lim, Thun Ho v Hng Sn. Ch yu trng cc loi cy cng nghip nh bng,
ma, iu, cy n qu.
Ngun nc ch yu cp cho vng ny l h Sui .
4. Vng cao
C a hnh ch yu l i ni kh cao, gm cc x : a Mi, ng Giang, ng
Tin v La D, ch yu trng cy n qu, iu, cao su....
Ngun nc cung cp cho vng ny c ly t h cha La Ng.
1.3.2. Hin trng h thng ti trong khu vc
1.3.2.1. Cng trnh u mi
Cng trnh u mi trong khu vc hin c h thng cc p dng nh: Cy Kh,
Xuyn, Kim Long vi kh nng ti kh ln. Tuy nhin, hu ht cc cng trnh u
mi u khng c cng ly nc, cc p ch lm nhim v dng nc.
a. H thng p cy kh
L p dng bng b tng, c cc kch thc c bn:
- Chiu cao p: H = 3,5 ( m ).
- Chiu di p: B = 28 ( m ).
- Mi thng lu: m = 0.
- Mi h lu l lp t p trn phn b tng v c gia c bng lt
chng xi, dc mi khong 1,5.
- Thn p c b tr 1 cng h chia nc v p Kim Long h lu.
b. p Kim Long
L p r thp, kch thc c bn nh sau:
- Chiu cao p: H = 5 ( m ).
- Chiu di p: B = 40 ( m ).
- Chiu rng trn: b = 25 ( m ).
- Mi thng lu: m
t
= 0.
- Mi h lu: m
h
= 1,5.
c. p Xuyn
L p b tng, c cc kch thc c bn:
- Chiu cao p: H = 3,5 (m).
- Chiu rng trn: b = 20 (m).
- Mi thng lu: m = 0.
- Mi h lu: m = 1.
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Lp d n u t h thng ti h P1_Phan Thit GVHD: PGS.TS.Phm Ngc Hi
- Chiu di tiu nng: L = 15 (m).
2. H thng knh mng dn nc
- Knh chnh ca p Cy Kh di 9 (km), b rng knh knh u mi bnh
qun 15 20 (m).
- Knh chnh ca p Kim Long di 14 (km), rng 10 (m).
- Knh chnh ca p Xuyn di 13 (km), rng 20 (m).
3. nh gi v mc h hng v xung cp ca cng trnh v knh mng
V cng trnh u mi: Cc cng trnh ny c xy dng t rt lu. p
Cy Kh v Kim Long xy dng t trong khng chin chng Php, cn p Xuyn
xy dng trong khng chin chng M. y l nhng cng trnh tm, sau c tu
b dn, khng c n thit k, khng c ca ly nc u knh iu tit v chng
l. Do , ma ma, nc sng theo cc ng dn nc ti vo, trn ngp ng
rung, mang theo c ct si gy xi l, bc mu v ngp ng, nht l vng thng h
lu p Xuyn, quanh ng st Thng Nht, lm nh hng ti nng sut ca cy
trng.
Hin nay, cc p ny khng cn m bo phc v sn xut nng nghip. Mt
khc, do tnh cht tm thi ca cng trnh nn sau mi ma l, phn h lu ca cc p
b xi l mnh. Ring vi p Kim Long, do hnh thc p v quy cch cha
t yu cu v kch thc, trng lng nn mt p thng b l cun tri. V vy,
hng nm sau ma l tt c u phi u t mt s vn kh ln cng c v a
cng trnh vo phc v sn xut nng nghip.
4. nh gi kh nng ti nc ca khu vc
- Din tch c bo m ti chc chn: Trong 4 vng trn, vng cao do ly
nc ti t h cha La Ng c lng nc kh di do nn c th xem nh c
m bo ti chc chn.
- Din tch bn hn: Vng pha bc huyn v vng ng bng nm bn tri sng
Quao c cp nc t h Sui , do h Sui c dung tch nh, nn khng th
p ng ton b yu cu nc cho cc vng ny, c th coi cc vng ny b bn hn.
- Din tch b hn hng nm: Vng ng bng nm bn phi sng Quao, c
ngun nc cung cp chnh l sng Quao, nhng do a hnh cao hn mc nc trong
sng, cc p dng hin c li khng pht huy c tc dng, hn na, lng ma
trong khu vc rt nh, nc ngm khan him nn vng ny gn nh b hn hon ton.
1.3.3. Kt lun v yu cu thu li i vi khu vc
Khu vc P1 tuy rng nhng l vng t kh cn, mang nhiu c th ca mt
vng t cc Nam Trung B. a hnh nhiu i ni, dc ln, t si pha ct nhiu,
ao h nh v sng sui ngn to nn s khc nghit cho ton vng.
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Lp d n u t h thng ti h P1_Phan Thit GVHD: PGS.TS.Phm Ngc Hi
Trong vng c gn 80 % dn s sng bng ngh nng nghip nhng vic sn
xut nng nghip li hon ton l thuc vo thin nhin, sn xut bp bnh, khng n
nh, i sng ngi dn rt vt v.
Cn c vo tnh hnh chung khu vc c th ni rng nn kinh t trong khu vc
c nhiu tim nng nhng gp nhiu kh khn nn cha c khai thc. Do , gii
quyt vn v thu li l yu cu cp bch, c ngha to ln i vi s pht trin
kinh t ca Bnh Thun ni chung v huyn Hm Thun Bc ni ring.
T yu cu , xc nh nhim v cu cng tc nghin cu kh thi d n ti
cho khu vc nh sau:
- Tnh ton cc ch tiu k thut phc v cho lp d n u t.
- xut phng n v tnh ton phng n.
- Thit k cng trnh u mi.
- Tnh ton kinh t ca d n.
PHN II. TNH TON CC CH TIU K THUT
PHC V CHO LP D N U T
Chng 2. Tnh ton cc c trng kh tng thu vn
2.1. Mc ch, ngha v ni dung tnh ton
2.1.1. Mc ch, ngha
2.1.1.1. Mc ch
Xc nh cc c trng thu vn thit k chnh l xc nh cc c trng thu
vn ng vi tn sut thit k.
2.1.1.2. ngha
- V mt k thut: Cc c trng kh tng thu vn thit k s l c s xc
nh ch ti ph hp vi yu cu nc ca cy trng ng thi tit kim c
lng nc ti, m bo cy trng sinh trng v pht trin tt nht.
- V mt kinh t: Tnh ton cc yu t kh tng thu vn gip ta xc nh hnh
thc, quy m, kch thc cng trnh, ng thi cn gip cho cng tc quy hoch, thit
k, cng nh vn hnh cc cng trnh mt cch ch ng v chnh xc. Tnh ton ng
th cng trnh s pht huy ti a tc dng, hiu qu sn xut cao.
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Lp d n u t h thng ti h P1_Phan Thit GVHD: PGS.TS.Phm Ngc Hi
2.1.2. Ni dung tnh ton
Tnh ton cc c trng kh tng thu vn cho d n ti gm cc ni dung
chnh:
- Tnh ton m hnh ma ti thit k.
- Tnh ton ma nm ca khu vc.
- Tnh ton bc hi v bc hi chnh lch khi c h.
- Tnh ton cc c trng kh tng thu vn khc.
- Tnh ton cc c trng thu vn thit k :
+ Tnh ton dng chy nm thit k.
+ Tnh ton dng chy l thit k.
+ Tnh ton bn ct.
2.2. Tnh ton ma ti thit k
2.2.1. Mc ch, ngha v ni dung tnh ton
2.2.1.1. Mc ch, ngha
1. Mc ch
Tnh ton ma ti thit k nhm mc ch tm ra tng lng ma v v m
hnh phn phi ma v ng vi tn sut thit k phc v cho tnh ton ch ti
ca cy trng.
2. ngha
T m hnh ma ti thit k tnh ton c c th xc nh c lng nc
tha, thiu i vi tng loi cy trng trong tng thi on khc nhau. Do tnh ton
ch ti cho cy trng hp l, m bo cung cp nc theo yu cu ca cy
trng ng thi tit kim c lng nc ti.
2.2.1.2. Ni dung tnh ton
- Tnh ton m hnh ma thit k v chim.
- Tnh ton m hnh ma thit k v ma.
- Tnh ton m hnh ma thit k v ng.
2.2.2. Chn trm tnh ton v tn sut thit k cho ti
2.2.2.1. Chn trm tnh ton
1. Nguyn tc chn trm tnh ton
- Trm kh tng phi gn khu vc tnh ton, tt nht l nm trong khu vc tnh
ton.
- Trm kh tng phi c ti liu di (Ti liu t 20 nm tr ln).
- Ti liu ca trm phi c chnh bin x l v m bo tnh chnh xc.
2. Chn trm tnh ton
Sinh vin thc hin: Trn Nam Hi Lp: 47N1
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Lp d n u t h thng ti h P1_Phan Thit GVHD: PGS.TS.Phm Ngc Hi
Do trm Phan Thit th hin c r nht ch ma c trng ca vng v c
s liu quan trc kh di (74 nm t nm 1925 n nm 1998).
Da trn nhng nguyn tc trn ta chn trm Phan Thit tnh ton ma ti
cho khu vc.
2.2.2.2. Chn tn sut thit k cho ti
Tn sut thit k ma xc nh theo tiu chun xy dng Vit Nam TCXDVN
285 - 2002. Theo Bng 4.1 Mc m bo thit k ca cng trnh thu li - TCXDVN
285 - 2002, chn tn sut thit k cho ti l P = 75 %.
2.2.3. Chn thi on tnh ton v phng php tnh ton
2.2.3.1. Chn thi on tnh ton
- V chim xun t thng 1 n thng 5.
- V ma t thng 6 n thng 10.
- V ng t thng 9 n thng 1 nm sau.
2.2.3.2. Phng php tnh ton
1. Phng php phn tch nguyn nhn hnh thnh
Phng php ny da vo vic phn tch nh hng ca cc nhn t kh hu v
mt m n cc hin tng thu vn, tnh ton cc c trng thu vn bng phng
trnh cn bng nc hoc cc m hnh, cc cng thc kinh nghim.
Trong thc hnh phng php ny c phn chia c th nh sau:
- Phng php lu vc tng t.
- Phng php tng hp a l.
- Phng php phn tch cn ngyn.
2. Phng php thng k xc sut
Phng php ny da vo l thuyt thng k xc sut, xem cc c trng thu
vn l cc i lng ngu nhin, v ng tn sut v xc nh c tr s ca cc c
trng thu vn ng vi mt tn sut thit k no .
Vi trng hp tnh ma ti thit k, trm tnh ton c chn l Phan Thit
c ti liu ma ngy kh di: T nm 1925 n nm 1998, v vy chn phng php
tnh ton l phng php thng k xc sut.
2.2.4. Tnh ton m hnh ma v thit k
2.2.4.1. Ni dung tnh ton theo phng php xc sut thng k
1. Bc 1: Chn mu :
{ }
i
i 1,n
x

2. Bc 2: Xy dng ng tn sut.
a. V ng tn sut kinh nghim:
- Thng k lng ma v hng nm (X
v i
).
- Sp xp s liu lng ma v theo th t gim dn.
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Lp d n u t h thng ti h P1_Phan Thit GVHD: PGS.TS.Phm Ngc Hi
- Tnh lng ma v bnh qun nhiu nm theo cng thc :
v X =

n
vi
i 1
1
X
n
(2 - 1)
Trong :
+ v X : Lng ma v bnh qun nhiu nm ca v.
+ n: S nm ti liu thu thp c.
+ X
v i
: Tng lng ma ca v nm th i.
- Tnh tn sut kinh nghim: Tnh tn sut xut hin ca nhng tr s sp xp
ny. Trong tnh ton thu vn thng s dng cc cng thc sau tnh tn sut kinh
nghim:
+ Cng thc trung bnh:

m 0,5
P .100%
n
(2 - 2)
+ Cng thc s gia:
m 0, 3
P .100%
n 0, 4

+
(2 - 3)
+ Cng thc vng s:
m
P .100%
n 1

+
(2 - 4)
Trong :
P
i
: Tn sut kinh nghim ng vi gi tr X
v i
n: S nm c chn.
m: S th t ca lit quan trc X
v i
c sp xp t ln n nh.
nh gi v la chn cng thc tnh tn sut kinh nghim: Trong cc cng thc
trn cng thc k vng thng cho kt qu an ton hn v c c s l lun, c s
dng tnh ton dng chy l, ma l. Cng thc s gia thng tnh cho dng chy
nm v ma nm.
Do cng thc vng s an ton v c s dng nhiu trong thc t nn ta chn
cng thc k vng tnh tn sut kinh nghim.
- V ng tn sut kinh nghim: Chm cc im quan h gia lng ma v
X
i
vi tn sut P
i
(%) ln giy tn sut (Giy Hazen) ta thu c ng tn sut kinh
nghim.
b. V ng tn sut l lun:
Phng php mment: L phng php da hon ton vo l thuyt thng k
tnh ra cc c trng thng k.
- Tnh h s phn tn theo cng thc:
( )
n
3
i
i 1
v
k 1
C
n 1

(2 - 5)
Trong : k
i
=
v i
v
X
X
l h s muyn lng ma.
Sinh vin thc hin: Trn Nam Hi Lp: 47N1
29
Lp d n u t h thng ti h P1_Phan Thit GVHD: PGS.TS.Phm Ngc Hi
- Tnh h s thin lch theo cng thc:
( )
( )
n
3
i
i 1
s 3
v
k 1
C
n 3 .C

(2 - 6)
T cc tham s
X v
, C
v
, C
s
v c ng tn sut l lun (Dng ng PIII).
- u nhc im ca phng php:
+ u im: Nu lit ti liu di, phn nh ng quy lut thng k ca thu vn
th kt qu tnh ton s ph hp vi thc t cho kt qu tnh ton khch quan.
+ Nhc im: Khi gp trng hp c im c bit xut hin khng x l
c v thng cho kt qu thin nh khi tnh cc c trng thng k.
Phng php 3 im:
- Phng php 3 im da vo cc gi thit:
+ ng tn sut l ng PIII.
+ ng tn sut l lun v ng tn sut kinh nghim trng nhau hon ton.
+ ng tn sut l lun v ng tn sut kinh nghim trng nhau khi c 3
im trng nhau, thng chn 3 im l cc im ng vi 5 %, 50 %, 95 %.
- Cch v ng tn sut l lun:
+ Chn trn ng tn sut kinh nghim 3 im X
5%
, X
50%
, X
95%
.
+ T gi thit ng tn sut l ng P III ta c :
( )
P s X
X . C , P . m +
(2 - 7)
+ T (2 - 7) lp c h phng trnh:
( )
( )
5 s X
50 s X
95 s X
X .(C , 5). m
X . C , 50 . m
X . C , 95 . m

+
'

(2 - 8)
+ Gii h phng trnh (2 - 8) c C
s
, ,m
x
.
+ Tnh v
X
C
m


T C
v
, C
s
,
X v
v c ng tn sut l lun.
- u nhc im ca phng php:
+ u im: Tnh ton nhanh, n gin.
+ Nhc im:
>
Kt qu ph thuc vo ch quan ngi v.
>
Nhng im gia cc im ny cha chc ph hp.
>
Khi c t ti liu th khng khng ch cc im u v im cui dn n
khng chnh xc.
Phng php thch hp:
Phng php thch hp cho rng c th thay i cc s c trng thng k trong
chng mc nht nh sao cho m hnh xc sut gi thit thch hp vi chui s liu
thc o.
- Tnh X
v
, C
v
theo cng thc (2 - 1) v (2 - 5).
Sinh vin thc hin: Trn Nam Hi Lp: 47N1
30
Lp d n u t h thng ti h P1_Phan Thit GVHD: PGS.TS.Phm Ngc Hi
- Gi nguyn
X
v C
v
, chn h s thin lch C
s
= m.C
v
, thay i m cho n khi
ng tn sut l lun tng i ph hp vi ng tn sut kinh nghim.
- u nhc im ca phng php:
+ u im: Nu s dng chng trnh my tnh xy dng ng tn sut th
phng php thch hp gip cho vic iu chnh s ph hp gia ng tn sut l
lun v cc im kinh nghim nhanh v d dng.
+ Nhc im: Vic tnh ton, nh gi ph hp gia ng tn sut l lun v
ng tn sut kinh nghim cn ph thuc vo ch quan ngi v.
=> Qua phn tch u nhc im ca cc phng php v ng tn sut l
lun, trong n ny em chn v ng tn sut theo phng php thch hp v dng
phn mm TSTV2002 tnh ton.
3. Bc 3: Xc nh tr s thit k.
Tra trn ng tn sut l lun gi tr thit k X
v P
ng vi tn sut thit k P =
75 %.
4. Bc 4: Xc nh m hnh phn phi thit k.
a. Chn m hnh in hnh:
Nguyn tc chn m hnh in hnh:
- M hnh in hnh xy ra trong thc t.
- C X
v h
X
v P
.
Phng php chn m hnh in hnh:
- Chn theo quan im bt li: i vi ti, ma phn phi bt li tc l vo
nhng thi k cn nc th li ma t, vo nhng thi k cn t nc th li c nhiu
ngy ma vi lng ma ln.
+ u im: Cng trnh m bo c s an ton.
+ Nhc im: Cng trnh c vn u t ln, hot ng hiu qu khng cao.
- Chn theo quan im thng xuyn xut hin: L nhng trn ma thng
xuyn xut hin trong ti liu quan trc. Chn trong s cc m hnh c X
v
X
v P
mt
m hnh m dng phn phi ca n xut hin nhiu ln nht.
+ u im: Cng trnh khng qu ln, hot ng hiu qu hn.
+ Nhc im: Gp nhng nm c thi tit bt li th cng trnh kh c th
m bo c.
- Chn nm thc t: Chn nm thc t c phn phi xc sut nm gn nm thit
k ng vi tn sut P.
+ u im: Chn nhanh tnh ton n gin.
+ Nhc im: Do s thay i tun theo quy lut t nhin nn nm thc t
xut hin ri th khng xut hin li na.
=> Qua vic phn tch u nhc im ca cc phng php chn m hnh in
hnh, trong n ny em chn phng php chn m hnh in hnh theo quan im
bt li.
b. Thu phng:
Sinh vin thc hin: Trn Nam Hi Lp: 47N1
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Lp d n u t h thng ti h P1_Phan Thit GVHD: PGS.TS.Phm Ngc Hi
- Tnh h s thu phng theo cng thc:
K =
h v
P v
X
X
(2 - 9)
Trong :
+ X
v P
: Tng lng ma v ca nm thit k ng vi tn sut thit k P.
+ X
v h
: Tng lng ma v ca nm in hnh.
- Xc nh m hnh ma v thit k:
X
tk i
= K.X
h i
(2 - 10)
Trong :
+ X
h i
: L lng ma ngy th i ca m hnh ma v in hnh.
+ X
tk i
: L lng ma ngy th i ca mo hnh ma v thit k.
2.2.4.2. Tnh ton m hnh ma v thit k
Chn trong lit ti liu thc o ca trm Phan Thit 28 nm tnh ton. Trong
28 nm ny c c nhng nm t nc, nm nc trung bnh, nm nhiu nc, s liu
ca cc nm c lp nhau v c o trong iu kin tng i ging nhau. Nh vy
mu c chn tho mn tiu chun chn mu.
1. Xy dng ng tn sut kinh nghim
Kt qu tnh ton cc im tn sut kinh nghim cho v chim, v ma, v
ng cc ph lc 2 - 1, ph lc 2 - 2, ph lc 2 - 3.
2. Xy dng ng tn sut l lun
Xc nh cc thng s thng k:
- Tnh
X v
=
28
i 1
1
. X
28

v i
- Tnh tn sut kinh nghim P
i
theo cng thc (2 - 4):
i
m
P .100%
n 1

+
, vi n = 28.
- Tnh C
v
theo cng thc (2 - 5):
( )
n
3
i
i 1
v
k 1
C
n 1

, vi n = 28.
Do s dng phn mm c th iu chnh s ph hp gia ng tn sut l lun
v ng tn sut kinh nghim d dng nn em chn phng php thch hp v
ng tn sut.
Kt qu tnh ton th hin trong cc ph lc 2 - 4, ph lc 2 - 5, ph lc 2 - 6.
Thng s thng k ca cc v nh sau:
- V chim:
X v chim
= 164,1 (mm); C
v
= 0,5; C
s
= 0,92.
Sinh vin thc hin: Trn Nam Hi Lp: 47N1
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Lp d n u t h thng ti h P1_Phan Thit GVHD: PGS.TS.Phm Ngc Hi
- V ma:
X v ma
= 814 (mm); C
v
= 0,19; C
s
= 0,42.
- V ng:
X v ng
= 421,8 (mm); C
v
= 0,37; C
s
= 0,82.
3. Xc nh tng lng ma v thit k
Tra trn ng tn sut l lun ta xc nh c lng ma ng vi tn sut
thit k P = 75% ca cc v nh sau:
- V chim: X
v chim tk
= 104,2 (mm).
- V ma: X
v ma tk
= 704,19 (mm).
- V ng: X
v ng tk
= 307,87 (mm).
4. Tnh ton m hnh phn phi ma v thit k
a. Chn m hnh in hnh:
Da trn nguyn tc v phng php trn ta chn c m hnh ma in
hnh ca cc v nh sau:
- V chim: Nm 1990 c X
v chim h
= 103,5 (mm).
- V ma: Nm 1993 c X
v ma h
= 695,6 (mm).
- V ng: Nm 1989 - 1990 c X
v ng h
= 302,4 (mm).
b. Thu phng:
- Tnh h s thu phng theo cng thc (2 - 9), ta c h s thu phng ca cc
v nh sau:
+ V chim: K
v chim
= 1,01.
+ V ma: K
v ma
= 1,012.
+ V ng: K
v ng
= 1,018.
- Tnh ton m hnh ma v thit k: C h s thu phng K nhn vo lng
ma ngy ca nm in hnh theo cng thc (2 - 10) c m hnh ma v thit k.
Kt qu ghi cc ph lc 2 - 7, ph lc 2 - 8, ph lc 2 - 9.
2.3. Tnh ton ma nm ca khu vc
2.3.1. Mc ch, ngha v ni dung tnh ton
2.3.1.1. Mc ch, ngha
1. Mc ch
xc nh c lng nc n lu vc v s thay i dng chy nm cn
xc nh lng ma nm v phn phi ma nm ca lu vc.
2. ngha
Tnh ton lng ma nm thit k mt cch chnh xc s gip cho vic tnh
ton ng c quy m kch thc cng trnh v mang li hiu qu cao v kinh t...
2.3.1.2. Ni dung tnh ton
Tnh ton lng ma nm trung bnh nhiu nm: X
0
.
Sinh vin thc hin: Trn Nam Hi Lp: 47N1
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Lp d n u t h thng ti h P1_Phan Thit GVHD: PGS.TS.Phm Ngc Hi
2.3.2. Chn trm tnh ton
Lu vc sng Quao pha thng lu c a hnh tiu biu ca vng rng ni,
nm bn sn i n gi ca dy Trng Sn, do ch ma khc vi ch
ma trn khu ti. C hai trm kh tng nm trn vng ni cao thuc lu vc tp
trung nc ca sng Quao l trm Bo Lc (C ti liu t nm 1929 n nm 2000) v
trm Di Linh (C ti liu di 54 nm nhng b t qung v ch c n nm 1993).
Vy chn trm Bo Lc tnh ton ma nm ca khu vc.
2.3.3. Tnh ma nm trung bnh nhiu nm X
o

Ma nm trung bnh nhiu nm c tnh theo cng thc sau:
X
0
=
n
nami
i 1
X
n

(2 - 11)
Trong :
- X
nm i
: Lng ma nm ca nm th i trong lit ti liu tnh ton.
- n : S nm tnh ton (n = 25 nm t nm 1976 n nm 2000).
p dng cng thc (2 - 11) cho ti liu ma ca trm Bo Lc tnh c ma
nm trung bnh nhiu nm ca lu vc l: X
0
= 2822 (mm).
2.4. Tnh ton lng ma mt ngy max
T chui ti liu thc o 21 nm ma mt ngy max ca trm Bo Lc (T
nm 1989 nm 2009), dng phng php thng k xy dng ng tn sut
tng t nh cch tnh vi ma v cc mc trn.
Xc nh cc thng s thng k theo phng php thch hp, c kt qu nh
sau:
- N = 21 nm (T nm 1989 2009).
- 1ngymax X = 118,90 (mm).
- C
V
= 0,43.
- C
S
= 1,29.
Tra trn ng tn sut l lun, ng vi tn sut thit k P = 1 % c lng
ma mt ngy max thit k l: X
1ngy max
= 282,71 (mm).
Kt qu tnh tn sut kinh nghim v tnh tn sut l lun cc ph lc 2 - 10,
ph lc 2 - 11.
2.5. Tnh ton bc hi v bc hi chnh lch khi c h
2.5.1. Mc ch, ngha v ni dung tnh ton
2.5.1.1. Mc ch, ngha
1. Mc ch
Tnh ton bc hi nhm mc ch phc v cho vic tnh ton tn tht nc
trong khu ti v kho nc, tnh ton dung tch h.
Sinh vin thc hin: Trn Nam Hi Lp: 47N1
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Lp d n u t h thng ti h P1_Phan Thit GVHD: PGS.TS.Phm Ngc Hi
2. ngha
a. V mt k thut :
Vic tnh ton bc hi c ngha quan trng, gip xc nh c lng nc
tn tht trn khu ti v kho nc, t tnh ton ch ti ph hp, m bo cung
cp nc theo yu cu ca cy trng, ng thi tnh ton iu tit h hp l, tn
dng c lng nc n.
b. V mt kinh t:
Vic tnh ton bc hi chnh lch khi c h nh hng trc tip ti dung tch
h yu cu, nh hng n quy m kch thc cng trnh => Quyt nh vn vn
u t cho cng trnh.
2.5.1.2. Ni dung tnh ton
- Tnh ton bc hi trn khu ti.
- Tnh ton bc hi chnh lch khi c h.
2.5.2. Chn trm tnh ton
Trn khu ti v cc vng xung quanh c cc trm kh tng nh : Phan Thit,
Sng Lu,.... Trn lu vc h c cc trm: Bo Lc, Di Linh....Trong trm Phan
Thit nm st khu ti, trm Bo Lc nm trn lu vc h, c ti liu kh di. V vy,
chn trm Phan Thit tnh ton cho khu ti v trm Bo Lc tnh ton cho lu
vc h.
2.5.3. Tnh ton bc hi trn khu ti
T ti liu thc o bc hi ca trm Phan Thit, tnh c bc hi trung bnh
ngy nh Bng 2.12 sau.
Bng 2 .12. Bc hi trung bnh ngy ti Phan Thit (mm/ngy )
Thn
g
Trm
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Phan Thit
4,7
2
4,5
6
4,7
3
4,7
9
4,2
3
3,7
4
3,3
8
3,2
3
2,7
9
2,9
8
3,8
4
4,66
2.5.4. Tnh ton bc hi chnh lch khi c h
Trn b mt lu vc c cc loi bc hi:
- Bc hi mt nc Z
n
.
- Bc hi mt t Z

.
- Bc hi qua l ca thm ph thc vt Z
t
.
Tng hp ca ba loi bc hi trn l bc hi lu vc Z
lv
.
Sinh vin thc hin: Trn Nam Hi Lp: 47N1
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Lp d n u t h thng ti h P1_Phan Thit GVHD: PGS.TS.Phm Ngc Hi
Khi xy dng h cha, phn din tch mt h b ngp nc c thm s tn tht
nc do chnh lch gia bc hi mt nc v bc hi lu vc.
Chnh lch bc hi c tnh bng:
Z
o
= Z
no
- Z
lvo
(2 - 12)
Trong :
+ Z
no
: Bc hi mt nc trung bnh nhiu nm.
+ Z
lvo
: Bc hi lu vc trung bnh nhiu nm.
Z
no
v Z
lvo
ng vi thi on 1 nm.
2.5.4.1. Tnh bc hi lu vc (Z
lvo
)
Lng bc hi bnh qun lu vc trong thi gian nhiu nm c tnh t
phng trnh cn bng nc:
Z
lvo
= X
o
- Y
o
(2 - 13)
Trong :
- X
o
: Lng ma nm trung bnh nhiu nm ca lu vc.
X
o
ly theo kt qu tnh ton trm Bo Lc mc 2.3 trn:
X
o
= 2822 ( mm ).
- Y
o
: Lng dng chy nm bnh qun nhiu nm ca lu vc.
Y
o
= .X
o
(2 - 14)
Vi l h s dng chy, theo Quy phm Thu li C - 6 - 77 th c tnh
theo cng thc sau:
= a -
'
o
b
X
(2 - 15)
Trong :
+ X
o
: Lng ma nm trung bnh nhiu nm ca lu vc.
+ a, b:Thng s ca quan h ly theo Bng 2 - 2 trang 19 ca Quy phm Thy
li C - 6 - 77; a = 0,88; b = 616.
Thay cc gi tr vo cng thc (2 - 15), ta c:
= a -
'
o
b
X
= 0,88 -
616
2822
= 0,662.
Thay = 0,662 vo (2 - 14) ta c:
Y
o
= 0,662.2822 = 1868,16 (mm).
Thay X
o
v Y
o
vo (2 - 13) ta c:
Z
lvo
= 2822 - 1868,16 = 953,84 (mm).
2.5.4.2. Tnh bc hi mt nc (Z
no
)
Trm Bo Lc c ti liu o bc hi ng Piche t trong lu kh tng, di 14
nm (T nm 1978 n nm 1991). Kt qu tnh ton lng bc hi thng, nm trung
bnh ca 14 nm o c c Bng 2.13.
Bng 2.13. Lng bc hi thng trung bnh nhiu nm
Sinh vin thc hin: Trn Nam Hi Lp: 47N1
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Lp d n u t h thng ti h P1_Phan Thit GVHD: PGS.TS.Phm Ngc Hi
ti Trm Bo Lc (mm).
Thn
g
I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII Nm
Z
76,2
8
78,8
1
85,6
1
65,1
1
51,3
6
39,7
0
38,5
1
34,0
6
33,1
8
34,8
7
44,3
3
62,3
1
644,13
tnh lng bc hi mt nc h phi chuyn i t bc hi ng Piche sang
bc hi o bng thng t trn b nh sau:
Z
n
= Z
Th

- b
= K
c
.K
n
.Z
p
(2 - 16)
Trong :
+ K
c
: H s hiu chnh khi chuyn t bc hi o bng ng Piche sang bc hi
o bng thng t trong vn kh tng.
K
c
c xc nh bng th nghim, theo s liu th nghim ca trm Di Linh:
K
c
= 1,4.
+ K
n
: H s chnh khi chuyn t bc hi o bng thng t trong vn kh
tng sang bc hi o bng thng t trn b.
K
n
cng c xc nh theo kt qu th nghim, K
n
= 1,2 1,3, chn K
n
= 1,3.
+ Lng bc hi nm trung bnh nhiu nm theo ti liu ca trm Bo Lc l:
Z
p
= 644,13 ( mm ).
Thay vo (2 - 16) xc nh c lng bc hi mt nc:
Z
n
= 1,4.1,3.644,13 = 1172,3 (mm).
2.5.4.3. Tnh bc hi ph thm
- Thay Z
no
v Z
lvo
vo cng thc (2 - 12) ta c:
Z
o
= 1172,3 953,84 = 218,46 (mm).
- Phn phi bc hi ph thm:
tnh phn phi bc hi ph thm cho h cha, mn dng phn phi bc hi
thng trung bnh nhiu nm ca trm Bo Lc bng cch thu phng vi h s:
K =
o
p
Z 218, 46
Z 644,13

= 0,339 (2 - 17)
Kt qu tnh ton Bng 2.14.
Bng 2.14. Phn phi bc hi ph thm khu vc h cha (mm).
Thng I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII Nm
Z 25.9 26.7 29.0 22.1 17.4 13.5 13.1 11.5 11.2 11.8 15.0 21.1 218.46
2.6. Tnh ton cc c trng kh tng khc
2.6.1. Nhit
Kt qu tnh ton nhit trung bnh, cao nht v thp nht ti Phan Thit
Bng 2.15.
Bng 2.15. Nhit trung bnh, max, min ti Phan Thit (C).
Sinh vin thc hin: Trn Nam Hi Lp: 47N1
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Lp d n u t h thng ti h P1_Phan Thit GVHD: PGS.TS.Phm Ngc Hi
Thng I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII
T
Tbnh
25,1 25,3 26,6 28,4 28,8 27,8 27,2 27,1 26,9 27,1 26,4 25,1
T
max
32,9 33,7 32,4 37,2 37,2 35,8 35 34,2 35,5 33,8 34,2 33,6
T
min
18 17,3 18,3 22,6 22,9 21,8 21,6 23,2 22,4 21,6 19,2 18,2
2.6.2. m
Bng 2.16. m tng i trung bnh thng ti Phan Thit (%).
Thng I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII
W 73 74 75 77 78 81 82 83 84 82 78 75
2.6.3. Tc gi
Bng 2.17. Tc gi trung bnh thng ti Phan Thit (m/s).
Thng I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII
V 4,3 4,2 4,2 3,5 3,0 3,0 3,0 3,3 2,8 2,6 3,2 3,3
2.6.4. S gi nng
Bng 2.18. S gi nng trung bnh ngy ti Phan Thit (gi/ngy).
Thn
g
I II III IV V VI VII
VII
I
IX X XI XII TB
S
gi
nng
9,4
1
9,3
7
9,8
2
9,8
5
8,0
8
7,1
9
7,2
8
6,6
6
6,5
2
6,6
6
7,3
4
8,7
8
8,08
2.7. Tnh ton cc c trng thu vn
2.7.1. Phn tch ti liu dng chy v chn trm tnh ton
Trn sng Quao khng c trm thu vn o c dng chy nn s phn tch ch
dng chy n sng Quao gp kh khn. Trn lu vc dng chy n h sng Quao
c mt s trm trn sng La Ng c ti liu tt, th hin c tnh cht dng chy
trong vng, c th chn lm lu vc tng t, l cc trm:
+ Trm Ph Din c din tch lu vc 3060 km
2
, c ti liu dng chy thc o
t nm 1987 n nm 1991.
+ Trm T Pao c din tch lu vc 2000 km
2
, c ti liu dng chy thc o t
nm 1960 n nm 1964 v t nm 1973 n nm 1993.
+ Trm i Nga c din tch lu vc 373 km
2
, c ti liu dng chy thc o t
nm 1974 n nm 1993.
Ngoi ra, gn lu vc sng Quao cn c lu vc sng Ly c din tch lu vc
964 km
2
, c ti liu dng chy t nm 1960 n nm 1963 v t nm 1978 n nm
1998.
Sinh vin thc hin: Trn Nam Hi Lp: 47N1
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Lp d n u t h thng ti h P1_Phan Thit GVHD: PGS.TS.Phm Ngc Hi
Do chn phng php lu vc tng t tnh ton dng chy nm lu vc
h.
* Nguyn tc chn lu vc tng t:
Lu vc c chn lm lu vc tng t khi lu vc v lu vc nghin cu
tho mn cc iu kin sau:
+ Nm trn cng mt lu vc sng.
+ C cng hng gi gy ma.
+ C cng dc a hnh, chnh lch gia cao trnh bnh qun khng vt qu
300 (m).
+ C iu kin thm ph ging nhau.
+ C din tch lu vc chnh lch nhau khng qu 5 ln.
Lu vc sng Quao c din tch 296 (km
2
). Lu vc sng Quao v lu vc
sng Ly cng nm trong h thng sng Ci, c cng hng gi gy ma l Ty v
Ty Nam, c iu kin a hnh v thm ph tng t nhau, cng nm v sn ng
ca dy Trng Sn. Lu vc sng Ly c din tch l 964 (km
2
), so vi din tch lu
vc sng Quao khng chnh lch nhau qu 5 ln.Cc trm khc cng c cc iu kin
khc tng t nhng din tch lu vc li ln hn nhiu lu vc h. Vy chn trm
sng Ly lm lu vc tng t tnh ton dng chy cho lu vc h.
2.7.2. Tnh ton dng chy nm ng vi tn sut thit k
2.7.2.1. Mc ch, ngha
1. Mc ch
Tnh ton dng chy nm thit k nhm tm ra phn phi dng chy trong cc
thng trn lu vc ca nm ng vi tn sut thit k.
2. ngha
a. V k thut
L c s nh gi ngun nc trong khu vc, t xy dng c biu
phn phi nc hp l.
b. V kinh t
nh hng trc tip n quy m kch thc cng trnh, vic tnh ton khng
chnh xc c th dn n cng trnh qu ln hoc qu nh. Cng trnh qu ln s lng
ph vn u t, cng trnh qu nh s khng tn dng c ht kh nng ca ngun
nc v mt an ton trong qu trnh hot ng.
2.7.2.2. Ni dung tnh ton
- Tnh dng chy nm thit k.
- Tnh ton phn phi dng chy nm thit k.
2.7.2.3. Tnh dng chy nm thit k
Sinh vin thc hin: Trn Nam Hi Lp: 47N1
39
Lp d n u t h thng ti h P1_Phan Thit GVHD: PGS.TS.Phm Ngc Hi
1. Tnh dng chy chun
a. Tnh cho lu vc tng t sng Ly
T chui s liu dng chy thc o di 21 nm ca trm sng Ly (19781998)
tnh c:
- Lu lng dng chy chun:
Q
oa
=
n
i
i 1
Q
n

14,51 ( m
3
/s ) (2 - 18)
Trong :
+ Q
i
: L tr s lu lng bnh qun nm ca trm sng Ly.
+ n: l s nm thc o (n = 21 nm).
- Tng lng dng chy chun:
W
oa
= Q
oa
.31,5.10
6
= 14,51.31,5.10
6
= 457,065 (m
3
) (2 - 19)
- Muyn dng chy chun:
M
oa
=
3
oa
Q .10
F

3
14, 51.10
15, 05
964
(l/s.km
2
) (2 - 20)
Trong : F l din tch lu vc tng t, F = 964 (km
2
).
- Lp dng chy chun:
Y
oa
=
3 3
oa
Q .31, 5.10 14, 51.31, 5.10
474,134
F 964
(mm) (2 - 21)
b. Tnh cho lu vc h cha:
Mn muyn dng chy chun ca lu vc tng t tnh muyn dng
chy ca lu vc h cha theo cng thc:
M
o
= K.M
oa
(2 - 22)
Trong :
+ M
o
: L muyn dng chy chun ca lu vc nghin cu.
+ M
oa
: L muyn dng chy chun ca lu vc tng t.
+ K: L h s hiu chnh lu vc tng t sang lu vc nghin cu.
K c xc nh theo cng thc:
K =
n
a
F
F
_

,
(2- 23)
Trong :
+ F: L din tch ca lu vc nghin cu.
+ F
a
: L din tch ca lu vc tng t.
+ n: L h s m, c th chn trong khong (0,2 0,25), y ta chn n = 0,2.
Thay tt c vo (2 - 23) ta c:
K =
0,2
296
0, 79
964
_


,
.
Thay tt c cc gi tr ca K v M
oa
vo (2 - 22) ta c:
Sinh vin thc hin: Trn Nam Hi Lp: 47N1
40
Lp d n u t h thng ti h P1_Phan Thit GVHD: PGS.TS.Phm Ngc Hi
M
o
= 0,79.15,05 = 11,89 (l/s.km
2
).
Suy ra:
Q
o
=
o
3 3
M .F 11,89.296
3, 52
10 10

(m
3
/s).
W
o
= Q
o
.31,5.10
6
= 3,52.31,5.10
6
= 110,88.10
6
(m
3
).
Y
o
=
3
o
W 110,88.10
374, 6
F 296
(mm).
2. Tnh dng chy nm thit k
a. Tnh cho lu vc sng Ly
V ng tn sut l lun lu lng bnh qun nm lu vc sng Ly bng
phng php thch hp, vi cc thng s thng k:
- N = 21 nm (1978 1998).
- Q = 14,51 (m
3
/s).
- C
v
= 0,33.
- C
S
= m.C
v
= 4. C
v
= 1,32.
Tra trn ng tn sut l lun ng vi tn sut thit k P = 75% c lu
lng dng chy nm thit k ca lu vc tng t: Q
75%
= 10,96 (m
3
/s).
Kt qu tnh ton tn sut kinh nghim v tn sut l lun ph lc 2 - 12, ph
lc 2 - 13.
b.Tnh cho lu vc h cha
- Tnh h s phn tn C
v
theo cng thc:
C
v
= a - 0,0631.lg(F + 1) (2 - 24)
Trong :
+ a: L thng s a l mn ca lu vc tng t sng Ly.
a
sng Ly
= C
Vsng Ly
+ 0,0631.log( F
sng Ly
+ 1 ) (2 - 25)
a
sng Ly
= 0,33 + 0,0631.log( 964 + 1) = 0,518.
+ F: L din tch lu vc h, F = 296 (km
2
).
Suy ra:
C
v h
= 0,518 - 0,0631.lg( F + 1)
C
v h
= 0,518 - 0,0631.lg(296 + 1) = 0,36.
- Lu lng bnh qun nm tnh trn: Q
o
= 3,52 (m
3
/s).
- Chn C
S
= 4.C
V
= 4.0,36 = 1,44 theo t s gia C
S
v C
V
lu vc tng t.
- S dng phn phi xc sut Pearson III tnh ton c lu lng dng chy
nm thit k (P = 75 %):
Q
75%
= K
P
.Q
o
(2 - 26)
Trong : K
P
l h s muyn ca ng tn sut Pearson III.
Tra Ph lc 3 Gio trnh Thy vn cng trnh, ng vi C
S
= 4.C
V
c :
K
P
= 0,748.
Vy lu lng dng chy nm thit k ca lu vc h cha:
Q
75%
= 0,748.3,52 = 2,63 (m
3
/s).
Sinh vin thc hin: Trn Nam Hi Lp: 47N1
41
Lp d n u t h thng ti h P1_Phan Thit GVHD: PGS.TS.Phm Ngc Hi
2.7.2.4. Tnh ton phn phi dng chy nm thit k
1. Tnh cho lu vc tng t sng Ly
Phn phi dng chy theo nm thy vn ca lu vc sng Ly c xc nh
theo trnh t cc bc sau:
- V ng tn sut v xc nh c lu lng dng chy nm thit k ca lu
vc tng t nh mc III, c Q
ap
= 10,96 (m
3
/s).
- Chn nm in hnh:
+ Theo quan im:
>
Nm in hnh c: Q
h
Q
ap
>
tng o c (c trong lit ti liu o c).
+ Theo phng php thng xuyn xut hin.
Cc nm chn:
>
Nm 1978 c: Q = 11,04 (m
3
/s).
>
Nm 1981 c: Q = 11,09 (m
3
/s).
>
Nm 1991 c: Q = 10,47 (m
3
/s).
Trong cc nm trn, nm 1991 l nm c lu lng bt li i vi yu cu dng
v s dng nc. Trong nm ny ma kit ko di v lu lng ma kit thp, c n
9 thng c lu lng nh l cc thng sau: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 11, 12.
V vy ta chn nm in hnh l nm 1991, c: Q
h
= 10,47 (m
3
/s).
- Phn phi dng chy nm thit k:
Lu lng cc thng c tnh theo cng thc sau:
Q
tki
= K.Q
hi
(2 - 27)
Trong , h s thu phng K c tnh theo cng thc:
K =

ap
qdh
Q
10,96
1,0468
Q 10,47
(2 - 28)
Bng 2.21. Phn phi dng chy nm thit k lu vc sng Ly
Thng
c trng
I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII
Q ( m
3
/s ) 2.45 1.13 0.81 0.45 4.88 6.27 16.64 7.14 32.87 48.78 7.52 2.60
( % ) 1.86 0.86 0.61 0.34 3.71 4.77 12.65 5.43 24.99 37.09 5.71 1.97
2. Tnh cho lu vc h cha
Mn h s phn phi dng chy cc thng trong nm thit k ca lu vc sng
Ly, ta c dng phn phi dng chy nm thit k ca lu vc h cha.
Tnh ton phn phi lu lng:
Q
i
= 12.Q
p
.
i
(2 - 29)
Trong :
- Q
i
: L lu lng thng th i trong nm thit k.
Sinh vin thc hin: Trn Nam Hi Lp: 47N1
42
Lp d n u t h thng ti h P1_Phan Thit GVHD: PGS.TS.Phm Ngc Hi
- Q
p
: L lu lng bnh qun nm thit k.
-
i
: L t l phn phi ca thng th i trong nm thit k.
Bng 2.22. Phn phi dng chy nm thit k lu vc h cha.
Thng I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII
Q
i
( m
3
/s ) 0.59 0.27 0.19 0.11 1.17 1.50 3.99 1.71 7.89 11.70 1.80 0.62
2.6.3. Tnh ton dng chy l
2.6.3.1. Mc ch, ngha
1. Mc ch
Tm ra c cc c trng ca l: Lu lng nh l, tng lng l v ng
qu trnh l thit k.
2. ngha
- V mt k thut
Tnh ton dng chy l nhm phc v cho vic xc nh dung tch phng l ca
h cha v l c s xc nh quy m, kch thc cng trnh x l.
- V mt kinh t
Tnh ton dng chy l c ngha quan trng, vic tnh ton sai dn n cng
trnh ln qu s gy lng ph vn u t, cng trnh nh qu s khng an ton, khi gp
l ln cng trnh c th b ph hy, gy ngp lt, thit hi ln v kinh t, x hi.
2.6.3.2. Ni dung tnh ton
+ Tnh ton lu lng nh l: Q
mp
.
+ Tnh ton tng lng l: W
mp
.
+ Tnh ton qu trnh l thit k (Q ~ t)
l TK
.
2.6.3.3. Chn tn sut v phng php tnh ton
1. Chn tn sut tnh ton
Cn c vo din tch phc v ca h cha (ti cho khong 4200 ha t canh
tc) S b chn cp cng trnh l cp III.
Theo TCXDVN 285 - 2002, tn sut tnh ton l i vi cng trnh cp III l:
P = 1 %.
2. Phng php tnh ton
Lu vc h cha v vng xung quanh khng c ti liu l thc o. Do
tnh ton l cho lu vc h phi s dng cc cng thc kinh nghim.
Ngoi ra khi tnh ton c th tham kho cc c trng kh tng trong lu vc
h t ti liu kh tng thc o ca cc trm xung quanh v thng ngun h.
Sinh vin thc hin: Trn Nam Hi Lp: 47N1
43
Lp d n u t h thng ti h P1_Phan Thit GVHD: PGS.TS.Phm Ngc Hi
2.6.3.4. Tnh ton c th
1. Tnh ton lu lng l ln nht (Q
mp
)
Lu vc sng Quao c din tch F = 296 (km
2
) > 100 (km
2
). Do , tnh l cho
lu vc h phi s dng cng thc trit gim:
Q
mp
= q
100
.
n
F
100

,
_

.
p
.F. (2 - 30)
Trong :
- q
100
: Muyn nh l ca din tch gc bng 100 (km
2
).
q
100
c tnh vi tn sut 10% v c v thnh bn ng tr. Vi lu vc
nghin cu, v khng c bn ng tr q
100
nn an ton hn chn q
100
= 8000 (l/s -
km
2
) = 8 (m
3
/s - km
2
).
-
p
: H s i tn sut,
p
cng c tng hp t ti liu thc t, vi sng
min ni chn
p
= 1,636.
- F: Din tch lu vc, F = 296 (km
2
).
- : H s trit gim nh l do nh hng ca ao h trn lu vc. Xc
nh theo cng thc sau: =
h ao
f C. 1
1
+

( 2 - 31 )
Vi :
+ f
ao h
: Din tch ao h tng i trong lu vc, f
ao h
=
F
F
h ao

i vi lu vc h, f
ao h
= 0,1.
+ C : H s phn nh kh nng iu tit ca h ao. C = 0,2 vi vng ma l ngn,
C = 0,1 vi vng ma l ko di. Vi lu vc sng Quao c dc a hnh ln, ma
l ngn nn C = 0,2.
- n : H s trit gim, xc nh t bn phn vng h s trit gim : n = 0,25.
Thay s vo ( 2 - 30 ) tnh c:
Q
mp
= 8.
25 , 0
296
100

,
_

. 1,636 . 296 .
1
1 0,2.0,1 +
= 2895,62 ( m
3
/s ).
2. Tnh ton tng lng l thit k W
mp

Cng thc tng qut tnh W
mp
l:
W
mp
= 10
3
.h
p
. F (2 - 32)
Trong :
- F: Din tch lu vc, F = 296 (km
2
).
- h
P
: Lp dng chy l thit k. Theo X - k - lp - sky :
h
P
= .( H
p
- H
o
) (2 - 33)
Tra Bng 6 - 13 Gio trnh Thy vn cng trnh, ng vi lu vc sng ng
Nai c : h
P
= 0,64.(H
p
- 25).
Sinh vin thc hin: Trn Nam Hi Lp: 47N1
44
Lp d n u t h thng ti h P1_Phan Thit GVHD: PGS.TS.Phm Ngc Hi
- Tnh H
p
theo cng thc:
H
p
= (t) . H
np
(2 - 34)
Vi:
+ H
np
: Lng ma ngy ln nht thit k ca lu vc vi P = 1%.
H
np
xc nh bng cch v ng tn sut lng ma ngy ln nht ca trm
ma i din, theo tnh ton mc 2.4 c: H
np
= 282,71 (mm).
+ (t): Tung ng cong ly tch ma ph thuc cc phn khu khc nhau
tra theo Bng 6 - 4 Gio trnh Thy vn cng trnh, vi =
s
l thi gian tp trung
nc trong sng.

s
xc nh theo cng thc:

s
=
s
1/3 1/4
s s max
1000.L
m.J .Q
(2 - 35)
Trong :
* L
s
: Chiu di sng, L
s
= 10,5 (km).
* m
s
: Thi gian tp trung nc trong sng, tra quy phm C - 6 - 77, vi sng
min ni m
s
= 7.
* J
s
: dc lng sng J
s
= 4.
* Q
max
: Lu lng nh l, Q
max
= 2895,62 (m
3
/s).
Thay vo (2 - 35) tnh c:

s
=
1/3 1/4
1000.10,5
7.0,004 .2895,62
= 1288,2 (pht).
Tra Bng 6 - 4 c (t) = 1,1.
Thay vo (2 - 34) tnh c :
H
p
= (t) . H
np
= 1,1 . 282,71 = 311 (mm).
Thay vo (2 - 33) c:
h
p
= 0,64.(H
p
- 25) = 0,64.(311 - 25) = 183,04 (mm).
Thay vo (2 - 20) tnh c tng lng l thit k:
W
mp
= 10
3
.h
p
. F = 10
3
. 183,04 . 296 = 54,2.10
6
(m
3
).
3. Tnh ton ng qu trnh l thit k
Trong n ny, n gin em chn dng ng tam gic tnh ton ng
qu trnh l.
- Tnh thi gian l theo Qmp v Wmp:
T
l
=
mp
mp
2.W
Q
=
6
2.54,2.10
2895,62
= 37,44.10
3
(s) = 10,4 (gi) (2 - 36)
Sinh vin thc hin: Trn Nam Hi Lp: 47N1
45
Lp d n u t h thng ti h P1_Phan Thit GVHD: PGS.TS.Phm Ngc Hi
Q(m /s)
T(gi)
3
T
l x
T
Q
max
- T s gia thi gian l ln v l xung: =
l
x
T
T
(2- 37)
ph thuc vo din tch lu vc v cc nhn t iu tit ca lu vc.
i vi lu vc nh t iu tit, = 1,5 2. Chn = 2.
Thi gian l ln: T
l
=
3
1
T
l
=
3
1
. 10,4 = 3,4 (gi).
Thi gian l xung: T
x
= T
l
- T
1
= 10,4 - 3,4 = 7 ( gi ).
2.6.4. Tnh ton bn ct
2.6.4.1. Mc ch, ngha
1. Mc ch
Tnh ton bn ct nhm xc nh tng lng bn ct n h trong 1 nm.
2. ngha
Tnh ton din bin bi lng h cha theo thi gian phn tch hiu qu s
dng dung tch hiu dng ca h cha.
2.6.4.2. Ni dung tnh ton
Cc c trng biu th ca dng bn ct l:
+ Lu lng bn ct: R (kg/s).
+ Lng ngm ct: =
Q
10 . R
3
(g/m
3
). (2 - 38)
Vi Q: Lu lng bnh qun trong thi gian tnh R.
+ S phn b bn ct trn mt ct v theo thi gian.
+ Thnh phn ht ca bn ct.
y tnh ton bn ct ch yu phc v tnh bi lng kho nc nn ch tnh
bn ct bnh qun nhiu nm.
1. Tnh lu lng bn ct
Lu vc nghin cu khng c ti liu o c bn ct nn phi tnh ton bn ct
da vo cc cng thc kinh nghim.
Sinh vin thc hin: Trn Nam Hi Lp: 47N1
46
Lp d n u t h thng ti h P1_Phan Thit GVHD: PGS.TS.Phm Ngc Hi
Vi cc lu vc min Nam c F > 100 (km
2
), lu lng bn ct l lng c
tnh theo cng thc:
R
o
= 0,197.Q
37 , 1
o
(2 - 39)
Trong :
Q
o
: Lu lng dng chy chun ca lu vc h cha.
tnh c Q
o
= 3,52 (m
3
/s).
Thay vo (2 - 38) tnh c: R
o
= 0,197.3,52
1,37
= 1,105 (kg/s).
- Lng ngm ct:
o
=
o
o
1000.R
Q
=
1000.1,105
3,52
= 313,92 (g/m
3
).
2. Tnh bi lng kho nc
i vi h cha va v nh, c th tnh lng bn ct bi lng hng nm theo
cng thc:
V
bc
= V
ll
+ V
d
(2 - 40)
Trong :
- V
bc
l th tch bn ct bi lng hng nm.
- V
ll
l th tch bn ct l lng lng xung h hng nm, tnh theo cng thc:
Vll = (1 - )

o
R
.31,5.10
3
(m
3
) (2 - 41)
Vi:
+ : Phn bn ct ht b tho ra khi h lc l, tnh theo phn th tch chung
ca bn ct. Chn = 0,4.
+ R
o
: Lu lng bn ct, tnh c trn R
o
= 1,105 (kg/s).
+ : Khi lng ring ca bn ct, = 0,5 0,7 (tn/ m
3
).
Chn = 0,6 (tn/ m
3
).
Thay vo (2 - 41) tnh c : V
ll
= (1 - 0,4).
1,105
0,6
.31,5.10
3
= 34807,5 (m
3
).
- V
d
l th tch bn ct di y lng xung h hng nm.
V
d
c th xc nh theo t l % ca V
ll
:
V
d
= K . V
ll
(2 - 42)
* i vi sng ng bng K = 1 10 %.
* i vi sng min ni K = 10 80 %. Chn K = 22%.
Th tch bn ct di y lng xung kho nc hng nm l:
V
d
= 40% .V
ll
= 0,22 . 34807,5 = 7657,65 (m
3
)
Th tch bn ct lng xung kho nc hng nm:
V
bc
= V
ll
+ V
d
= 34807,5 + 7657,65 = 42465,15 (m
3
).
Sinh vin thc hin: Trn Nam Hi Lp: 47N1
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Lp d n u t h thng ti h P1_Phan Thit GVHD: PGS.TS.Phm Ngc Hi
Chng 3. Tnh ton yu cu nc ca khu vc
3.1. Mc ch, ngha v ni dung tnh ton
3.1.1. Mc ch, ngha
3.1.1.1. Mc ch
Tnh ton yu cu nc ca khu vc c c s xut phng n cp nc,
tnh ton phi hp ngun nc nhm xc nh c quy m, kch thc cng trnh,
m bo p ng c nhu cu dng nc ca nng nghip v cc ngnh khc nh :
sinh hot, thy in, xy dng, giao thng thy, cng nghip,....
3.1.1.2. ngha
- V mt k thut: L c s c k hoch cp nc hp l, gip cy trng t
nng sut v cht lng sn phm cao. ng thi c bin php tha mn yu cu dng
nc ca cc ngnh khc nh : sinh hot, thy in, xy dng, giao thng thy, cng
nghip,....
- V mt kinh t: Tnh ton xc nh c quy m, kch thc cng trnh ph
hp tit kim vn u t nhng vn m bo tnh hiu qu ca cng trnh.
3.1.2. Ni dung tnh ton
- Tnh ton ch ti cho la trng v chim.
- Tnh ton ch ti cho la trng v ma.
- Tnh ton ch ti cho cy trng v ng.
- Tnh ton yu cu nc cho sinh hot.
3.2. Tnh ton ch ti cho cc loi cy trng
3.2.1. Mc ch, ngha v ni dung tnh ton
3.2.1.1. Mc ch, ngha
1. Mc ch
Tnh ton ch ti cho cc loi cy trng nhm xc nh c ch ti
thch hp trong sut qu trnh sinh trng v pht trin cho tng loi cy trng ng vi
iu kin a hnh v kh hu nht nh.
Sinh vin thc hin: Trn Nam Hi Lp: 47N1
48
Lp d n u t h thng ti h P1_Phan Thit GVHD: PGS.TS.Phm Ngc Hi
2. ngha
Ch ti l ti liu quan trng trong cng tc quy hoch, tnh ton lu lng
thit k knh mng v lp k hoch dng nc trong giai on qun l vn hnh.
3.2.1.2. Ni dung tnh ton
1. Thi gian cn ti (ngy ti chnh).
2. Mc ti mi ln:
Mc ti mi ln l lng nc ti mi ln cho mt n v din tch cy trng
no .
Mc ti thng c biu th bng:
- Lng nc, k hiu m (m
3
/ha).
- Lp nc, k hiu h (mm).
Gia mc ti m (m
3
/ha) v lp nc trn mt rung h (mm) c mi lin h
nh sau:
m = 10.h (m
3
/ha) khi h tnh bng (mm) (3 - 1)
3. S ln ti trong sut qu trnh sinh trng ca cy trng, k hiu n (ln).
4. Thi gian ti mi ln :
Thi gian thc hin ti ht mc ti mi ln, thng k hiu l t ( ngy ).
5. Mc ti tng cng :
Mc ti tng cng l lng nc ti tng cng cho mt n v din tch cy
trng trong sut thi gian sinh trng ca cy trng , thng c gi l mc ti
ton v, k hiu l M ( m
3
/ha ).
Mc ti tng cng bng tng cc mc ti mi ln :
M = m
1
+ m
2
+ m
3
+. + m
n
( 3 - 2 )
6. H s ti :
H s ti l lu lng nc cn ti cho mt n v din tch trng trt,
thng c k hiu l q ( l/s-ha ).
Gi s ta thc hin mc ti m ( m
3
/ha ) trong t ( ngy ) th h s ti c tnh
bng cng thc :
q =
m
86,4.t
( l/s-ha ) ( 3 - 3 )
3.2.2. Nguyn l tnh ton
Nguyn l chung tnh ton ch ti cho cy trng l nguyn l cn bng
nc, l s cn bng nc gia lng nc n (gm lng nc ma, lng nc
c sn) v lng nc i (gm lng nc ngm v lng nc bc hi). Khi tnh
ton ch ti cho cc loi cy trng khc nhau th ta p dng nguyn l chung c
th vo tng trng hp.
3.2.3. Cc ti liu dng trong tnh ton
3.2.3.1. Ti liu v thi v cy trng v loi cy trng
Sinh vin thc hin: Trn Nam Hi Lp: 47N1
49
Lp d n u t h thng ti h P1_Phan Thit GVHD: PGS.TS.Phm Ngc Hi
1. Ti liu v thi v cy trng
- V chim xun trng la, thi gian t 13/01 20/05.
- V ma trng la, thi gian t 26/06 13/10.
- V ng trng ng, thi gian t 29/09 11/01 nm sau.
2. Ti liu v loi cy trng
a. Ti liu v la chim
Bng 3.1. Thi v v cng thc ti tng sn la v chim
STT Thi on sinh trng
Thi gian Cng thc ti
(mm)
H s
K
c
T n S ngy
1 Ngm rung 13/01 15/01 3 30 - 50 1
2 Cy - bn r 16/01 22/01 7 30 - 50 0,46
3 Bn r - nhnh 23/01 06/02 15 30 - 50 0,94
4 nhnh - ng ci 07/02 19/03 41 30 - 50 1,14
5 ng ci - lm ng 20/03 18/04 30 30 - 50 1,19
6 Lm ng - ngm sa 19/04 08/05 20 30 - 50 0,85
7 Ngm sa - thu hoch 09/05 20/05 12 30 - 50 0,66
- Hnh thc canh tc: Lm i.
- Hnh thc gieo cy: Tun t.
- Thi gian gieo cy: t
g
= 15 (ngy).
b. Ti liu v la ma
Bng 3.2. Thi v v cng thc ti tng sn la v ma.
STT Thi on sinh trng
Thi gian Cng thc ti
(mm)
H s
K
c
T n S ngy
1 Cy - bn r 26/06 30/06 5 40 - 70 0,66
2 Bn r - nhnh 01/07 10/07 10 40 - 70 0,87
3 nhnh - ng ci 11/07 14/08 35 40 - 70 1,2
4 ng ci - lm ng 15/08 13/09 30 40 - 70 1,19
5 Lm ng - ngm sa 14/09 01/10 18 40 - 70 0,96
6 Ngm sa - thu hoch 02/10 13/10 11 40 - 70 0,92
- Hnh thc canh tc: Lm dm.
- Hnh thc gieo cy: Gieo cy ng thi.
c. Ti liu v ng v ng
Sinh vin thc hin: Trn Nam Hi Lp: 47N1
50
Lp d n u t h thng ti h P1_Phan Thit GVHD: PGS.TS.Phm Ngc Hi
Bng 3.3. Thi v v cng thc ti tng sn ng v ng
STT
Thi on
sinh trng
Thi gian
su
tng t
nui cy
(cm)
Nc
ngm
cung cp
(mm)
H s
cy
trng
K
c
Cng
thc
ti
(% A)
T n
S
ngy
1 Gieo - mc mm 29/09 05/10 7 50 0 0,67 55 - 80
2 Mc mm - ba l 06/10 17/10 12 50 0 0,87 55 - 80
3 Ba l - tr c 18/10 11/12 55 50 0 1,25 55 - 80
4 Tr c - phi mu 12/12 17/12 6 50 0 1,12 55 - 80
5 Phi mu - chn sa 18/12 30/12 13 50 0 0,85 55 - 80
6 Chn sa - chn vng 31/12 11/01 12 50 0 0,6 55 - 80
3.2.3.2. Ti liu v tnh cht t
Bng 3.4. Cc ch tiu c l ca t canh tc
STT Cc c trng K hiu Tr s n v
1 Ch s ngm 0,5
2 rng A
o
40 %
3 H s ngm ban u K
1
30 mm/ngy
4 H s ngm n nh K

2,5 mm/ngy
5 m sn c
o
30 %A
6 Chiu su tng t canh tc H 0,5 m
7 m ti a
max
95 %A
3.2.3.3. Ti liu v kh tng
Cc ti liu v kh tng s dng trong tnh ton ch ti cho cy trng
c tnh ton Chng II, gm c:
- M hnh ma v thit k.
- Nhit bnh qun thng, nhit ti cao v nhit ti thp ti trm Phan
Thit.
- m bnh qun thng, m ln nht v m nh nht ti trm Phan
Thit.
- Ti liu v bc hi.
- Ti liu v gi.
- Ti liu v s gi nng.
Sinh vin thc hin: Trn Nam Hi Lp: 47N1
51
Lp d n u t h thng ti h P1_Phan Thit GVHD: PGS.TS.Phm Ngc Hi
3.2.4. Xc nh lng bc hi mt rung
Lng bc hi mt rung thc t i vi cy trng c xc nh theo cng
thc tng qut:
ET
c
= K
c
.ET
o
(3 - 4)
Trong :
- ET
c
: Lng bc hi mt rung thc t theo thi gian tnh ton (mm).
- ET
o
: Lng bc hi cy trng tham kho, tnh theo cc cng thc kinh nghim
(mm).
- K
c
: H s cy trng, ph thuc vo loi cy trng v giai on sinh trng,
xc nh qua thc nghim.
Do , nh lng bc hi mt rung thc t ET
c
ta ch vic xc nh lng
bc hi chun ET
o
. Hin nay c rt nhiu cng thc kinh nghim xc nh ET
o
nh cc
cng thc: Charov, Blaney - Criddle, Penman, Bc x.Trong , cng thc Penman
cho kt qu chnh xc cao v tnh ton dc trn nhiu yu t kh hu. V vy trong
n ny em s dng cng thc Penman tnh ton ET
o
.
Cng thc Penman c dng:
ET
o
= C. [ ]
n a d
W.R (1 W).f(v).(e e ) +
( mm/ngy ) (3 - 5)
Trong :
- W: Yu t hiu chnh hiu qu ca bc x i vi bc hi do nhit v
cao khu ti, W = f (Nhit , cao khu ti), W c th tra Bng 3.4 Gio trnh
Quy hoch v thit k h thng thu li tp I.
- R
n
: Chnh lch gia bc x tng v bc x gim ca sng ngn v sng di
(mm/ngy).
R
n
= R
ns
- R
nL
(3 - 6)
- R
ns
: Bc x ca mt tri c gi li sau khi phn x i vi mt t trng
trt (mm/ngy).
R
ns
= (1 - ).R
s
(3 - 7)
- : H s phn x b mt din tch trng trt, theo FAO th = 0,25.
- R
s
: Bc x mt tri (mm/ngy).
R
s
=
a
n
0, 25 0, 5. .R
N
_
+

,
(3 - 8)
- n: S gi chiu sng thc t.
- N: S gi chiu sng theo kinh v v , N c th tra Bng 3.5 Gio
trnh Quy hoch v thit k h thng thu li tp I.
- R
a
: Bc x lp bin ca lp kh quyn (mm/ngy), R
a
= f (v , thng) v
R
a
tra Bng 3.8 Gio trnh Quy hoch v thit k h thng thu li tp I.
- R
nL
: Bc x to ra bi nng lng ht c ban u (mm/ngy).
R
nL
= f(t).f(e
d
).f(
n
N
) (3 - 9)
Sinh vin thc hin: Trn Nam Hi Lp: 47N1
52
Lp d n u t h thng ti h P1_Phan Thit GVHD: PGS.TS.Phm Ngc Hi
- f(t): Hm hiu chnh v nhit .
f(t) =
4 9
118.(t 273) .10
L

+
(3 - 10)
Vi:
L = 59,7 - 0,055.t (3 - 11)
t: Nhit bnh qun ngy.
- f(e
d
): Hm hiu chnh v p sut kh quyn.
f(e
d
) = 0,34 - 0,044.
d
e
(3 - 12)
- e
d
: p sut hi nc thc t nhit khng kh trung bnh (mbar).
e
d
= e
a
.
r
H
100
(3 - 13)
- f
n
N
_

,
: Hm hiu chnh v s gi nng.
f
n n
0,1 0, 9.
N N
_ _
+

, ,
(3 - 14)
- e
a
: p sut hi nc bo ho, c quan h vi nhit khng kh, tra theo
Bng 3.7 Gio trnh Quy hoch v thit k h thng thu li tp I.
- H
r
: m tng i trung bnh ca khng kh (%).
- C: H s hiu chnh v s b tr ca tc gi ban ngy v ban m cng
nh s bin i ca bc x mt tri v m tng i ln nht ca khng kh, tra
theo Bng 3.6 Gio trnh Quy hoch v thit k h thng thu li tp I.
- f(u): Hm hiu chnh v tc gi.
f(u) = 0,35.(1 + 0,54.U
2
) (3 - 15)
- U
2
: Tc gi cao 2 m, khi cao 2 m phi hiu chnh. Do , khi tnh
ton s dng h thc:
U
2
= K.U
h
(3 - 16)
- U
h
: Tc gi cao h mt (m/s).
- K: H s hiu chnh < 1, tra Bng 3.1 Gio trnh Quy hoch v thit k h
thng thu li tp I.
Kt qu tnh lng bc hi ET
o
ph lc 3 - 1.
3.2.4. Tnh ton ch ti cho la
3.2.4.1. Tnh ton ch ti cho la v chim
1. Ch canh tc
i vi ch canh tc l lm i, tu theo mi hnh thc lm i m c quan
im xc nh ch ti khc nhau. Hin nay c hai quan im xc nh ch ti
cho la lm i l:
a. Quan im I: Tnh ton ch ti vi hnh thc gieo cy ng thi.
C c im l:
Sinh vin thc hin: Trn Nam Hi Lp: 47N1
53
Lp d n u t h thng ti h P1_Phan Thit GVHD: PGS.TS.Phm Ngc Hi
- Trong thi k lm i do sau khi phi i cho nc vo ton b cnh ng nn
vic cung cp nc qu cng thng, lng nc cn cung cp rt ln.
- Lng nc hao v ch do ngm v bc hi qu ln mt khc i hi nhiu
nhn lc trong gieo cy v a nc vo rung.
b. Quan im II: Tnh ton ch ti vi hnh thc gieo cy tun t.
C c im l:
- Vic gieo cy tun t tin hnh trong thi gian t
g
bng cch mi ngy gieo cy
mt phn din tch.
- Chun b gieo cy n u cho nc vo n y, khng cho nc trn lan
vo ton b cnh ng. Nh vy, vic cung cp nc khng qu cng thng, trnh
c tn tht nc do ngm v bc hi mt cch v ch cc tha cha cy.
Do , chn quan im I tnh ton ch ti cho la chim vi hnh thc gieo
cy tun t.
c im ca ch ti cho la v chim theo hnh thc gieo cy tun t :
Thi gian lm i v thi gian ti dng trn cnh ng l xen k nhau. Tha cy
trc chnh trc, tha cy sau chn sau nn thi v trn cnh ng khng ng u.
Trn cnh ng c nhiu ch ti khc nhau. Ch ti thit k phi l tng hp
t cc ch ti khc nhau.
2. Phng php tnh ton
C hai phng php tnh ton ch d ti l: Phng php gii v phng
php gii tch.
- Phng php gii: Phng php ny s dng th xc nh mc ti
v thi gian ti.
- Phng php gii tch: Da vo thi k sinh trng v pht trin ca cy
trng lp bng gi thit mc ti tm ra ch ti ph hp.
Phng php gii tch tnh ton n gin, nhanh v c tnh chnh xc cao. V
vy trong n ny em s dng phng php gii tch tnh ton ch ti cho la
chim.
3. Tnh ton lng nc hao
Lng nc hao trn rung la gm hai thnh phn:
- Lng nc hao do ngm : Lng nc ngm trn rung la ch yu ph
thuc vo t ai, th nhng, mc nc ngm. Lng nc ny bao gm ngm bo
ho trong thi gian u a nc vo rung v ngm n nh trong sut thi gian sinh
trng ca la.
+ Giai on ngm bo ho : L giai on nc ngm vao t lm cho m t
tng t m ban u
o
n m bo ho
bh
.
+ Giai on ngm n nh : L giai on sau khi m t n
bh
nc ngm
do tc dng ca trng lc.
- Lng nc hao do bc hi mt rung : Lng nc hao do bc hi mt
rung ch yu ph thuc vo iu kin kh hu v cy trng.
Sinh vin thc hin: Trn Nam Hi Lp: 47N1
54
Lp d n u t h thng ti h P1_Phan Thit GVHD: PGS.TS.Phm Ngc Hi
Qu trnh bc hi din ra theo 2 giai on :
+ Giai on ngm rung : Do cha c cy trng nn bc hi mt rung l bc
hi nc t do.
+ Giai on sinh trng ca cy trng: Bc hi mt rung gm c bc hi qua
khong trng v bc hi qua l cy.
Vi c im ca phng php gieo cy tun t th cc thnh phn trong lng
nc hao s thay i theo mt qu trnh no . Cc dng ng qu trnh ny thay
i tu thuc vo thi gian gieo cy t
g
, thi gian xy qu trnh hao nc trn khu rung
c cy xong trong 1 ngy, cng hao nc e
h
, din tch gieo cy trong mt ngy


. C cc dng ng nc hao sau:
- Khi t
g
> t
h
, c dng ng qu trnh nc hao loi I:
W
max
=
h
h
g
t
10.e .
t
(m
3
/ha-ngy) (3 - 17)
- Khi t
g
< t
h
, c dng ng nc hao loi II:
W
max
=
h
10.e (m
3
/ha-ngy) (3 - 18)
- Khi t
g
= t
h
, c dng ng nc hao loi III:
W
max
=
h
10.e (m
3
/ha-ngy) (3 - 19)
a. Tnh lng tn tht thm do ngm bo ho:
S ngm ht trn rung la xy ra khi mi bt u cho nc vo rung sau khi
cy v phi rung xong. y l giai on nc ngm vo t lm cho tng t trn
nc ngm t ti trng thi bo ho nc.Qu trnh ny c c trng bi 2 i
lng:
- Tc ngm ht V
t
hay h s ngm ht K
t
.
- Thi gian ngm ht hay thi gian lm bo ho tng t mt rung t
b
.
Thi gian ngm bo ho c xc nh theo cng thc sau:
t
b
=
1
1
o
o
A.H.(1 )
K

1
1
]
(3 - 20)
Trong :
+ A: rng t, c tnh bng % th tch t, A = 40 %.
+ H: su tng t trn mc nc ngm, H = 500 (mm).
+
o
: m trong tng t trc khi a nc vo rung,
o
= 30 (%A).
+ K
o
: H s ngm ht bnh qun trong n v thi gian th nht.
K
o
=
1
K
1
(3 - 21)
Vi:
K
1
: Cng ngm ht cui n v thi gian th nht.
K
1
= 30 (mm/ngy).
: Ch s ngm, = 0,5.
Sinh vin thc hin: Trn Nam Hi Lp: 47N1
55
Lp d n u t h thng ti h P1_Phan Thit GVHD: PGS.TS.Phm Ngc Hi

K
o
=
1
K 30
60
1 1 0, 5


(mm/ngy).
Thay cc s liu vo cng thc (3 - 23) ta c:
t
b
=
1
1 0,5
0, 4.500.(1 0, 3)
60

1
1
]
= 5,444 (ngy)

Chn t
b
= 6 (ngy).
Trong trng hp ny, thi gian ngm ht t
b
= 6 (ngy) < t
g
= 15 (ngy) nn
dng ca ng qu trnh ngm ht l ng loi I.
Cng ngm ht bnh qun trong thi gian hao nc t
b
:
e
h
= K
nbh
=
o
b
A.H.(1 ) 0, 4.500.(1 0, 3)
23, 333
t 6


(mm/ngy) (3 - 22)
Lng nc ngm lm bo ho mt n v din tch 1 ha trong thi gian t
b
:
W
max
= 10.e
h
.
b
g
t 6
10.23, 333. 93, 332
t 15

(m
3
/ngy) = 9,333(mm/ngy) (3 - 23)
b.Tnh lng nc hao do ngm n nh:
Giai on ngm n nh trn rung la xy ra sau qu trnh ngm bo ho. Lc
ny lng nc mt rung ngm xung t ch yu do tc dng ca trng lc.
Thi gian ngm n nh c xc nh theo cng thc:
t

= t
n
+ t
str
- t
b
(3 - 24)
Trong :
- t
n
: Thi gian ngm rung, t
n
= 3 (ngy).
- t
str
: Thi gian sinh trng, t
str
= 125 (ngy).
- t
b
: Thi gian bo ho tng t, t
b
= 6 (ngy).
Thay s vo cng thc (3 - 27) ta c:
t

= 3 + 125 - 6 = 122 (ngy).


Do t

= 122 (ngy) > t


g
= 15 (ngy) nn ng qu trnh hao nc trong giai
on ngm n nh l ng loi II.
Cng ngm bnh qun trong giai on ngm n nh:
e
h
= K

.
H a
H
+
(3 - 25)
Trong :
- K

: H s ngm n nh, K

= 2,5 (mm/ngy).
- H: Chiu su tng t canh tc, H = 500 (mm).
- a: Lp nc mt rung bnh qun trong thi on tnh ton.
a =
max min
a a 50 30
40
2 2
+ +

(mm).
Thay tt c vo (3 - 28) c: e
h
=
500 40
2, 5. 2, 7
500
+

(mm/ngy).
Lng nc hao ln nht do ngm n nh:
W
max
= 10.e
h
= 10.2,7 = 27 (m
3
/ha-ngy) = 2,7 (mm/ngy).
Sinh vin thc hin: Trn Nam Hi Lp: 47N1
56
Lp d n u t h thng ti h P1_Phan Thit GVHD: PGS.TS.Phm Ngc Hi
c. Tnh lng nc hao do bc hi mt rung ng vi cc thi on sinh trng
ca la:
Bc hi mt rung c c trng bi cc i lng sau:
- Thi gian xy ra qu trnh hao nc tr din tch gieo cy t
h
.
- Thi gian hao nc trn ton b khu ti
T
h
= t
h
+ t
g
(3 - 26)
Cng bc hi mt nc trung bnh c xc nh theo cng thc:
ET
c
=
h
T
o
1
h bhi c
h
ET
e e K .
T

(3 - 27)
Trong :
- K
c
: H s cy trng.
- ET
o
: Lng bc hi tham kho.
+ Khi t
g
> t
h
th W
max
=
h
h
g
t
10.e .
t
(m
3
/ha-ngy).
+ Khi t
g
< t
h
th W
max
=
h
10.e (m
3
/ha-ngy).
+ Khi t
g
= t
h
th W
max
=
h
10.e (m
3
/ha-ngy).
Kt qu tnh bc hi mt rung qua cc thi k sinh trng ca la chim ph
lc 3 - 2.
Sau khi xc nh c cc thnh phn nc hao trn rung la ta i tnh ton
cng hao nc tng cng ti mt rung ca c v nh ph lc 3 - 3.
4. Xc nh lng ma thit k tnh ton
Lng ma thit k c s dng trong tnh ton ch ti la chim l
lng ma ri xung trn cc din tch xy ra hao nc. Lng ma ri trn cc
tha rung xy ra qu trnh hao nc c xc nh theo cng thc:
P
sdi
=
i
.P
tki
(3 - 28)
Trong :
- P
tki
: Lng ma thit k ng vi tn sut P = 75 % ngy th i ri trn din
tch xy ra qu trnh hao nc (mm).
-
i
: T l din tch hao nc trn ton b din tch ca cnh ng.
i
c
xc nh theo 3 giai on, ph thuc vo din tch hao nc. C th nh sau:
+ Giai on u v:
T ngy a nc vo rung n ngy t
g
(13/01 27/01) thi k ny din tch
hao nc tng dn, do :
1
i
g
t
t

(3 - 29)
Vi:
t
1
: Thi gian tnh t lc bt u cho nc vo rung n ngy c ma.
t
g
: Thi gian gieo cy.
Sinh vin thc hin: Trn Nam Hi Lp: 47N1
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Lp d n u t h thng ti h P1_Phan Thit GVHD: PGS.TS.Phm Ngc Hi
Giai on gia v:
c tnh t ngy t
g
+ 1 n ngy t
n
+ t
str
+ 1 (28/01 20/05).Thi k ny
ton b din tch bc vo thi k hao nc, din tch hao nc n nh:

i
= 1
Giai on cui v:
c tnh t ngy t
n
+ t
str
+ 1 n ngy kt thc ton b qu trnh sinh trng
ca la t
n
+ t
str
+ t
g
, thi k din tch hao nc gim dn:
3
i
g
t
1
t

(3 - 30)
Vi: t
3
l khong thi gian t ngy th t
h
= t
n
+ t
str
n ngy c ma.
tg=15 tg=15
th=128
I
Pt1
II
Pt2
III
Pt3
t1
t3
13/1
27/1 20/5 4/6 t (ngy)
h (ha)
Hnh 3.1 ng qu trnh din tch hao nc
Vy vi cc thi gian gieo cy, thi gian sinh trng v cc cng thc tnh a
theo cc giai on, lng ma thit k ng vi tn sut P = 75 % ta tnh c lng
ma ri trn cc din tch xy ra hao nc nh ph lc 3 - 4.
5. su lp nc ban u (h
oi
)
su lp nc ban u c tnh theo h thc:
h
o
= a
ot
+ a
ot
.
t
(mm) (3 - 31)
Trong :
- a
ot
: Lp nc mt rung c u thi on tnh ton trn cc din tch
gieo cy, tnh bnh qun cho mt ha i din, a
ot
= 0 (mm).
- a
ot
: Lp nc sn c trn din tch s gieo cy trong thi on t (mm).
-
t
: T l din tch gieo cy trong thi on t so vi tng din tch.

t
=
g
t
t
(3 - 32)
Suy ra: h
o
= 0 + 30.
1
2
15

(mm).
Sinh vin thc hin: Trn Nam Hi Lp: 47N1
58
Lp d n u t h thng ti h P1_Phan Thit GVHD: PGS.TS.Phm Ngc Hi
6. Cng thc ti tng sn
Cng thc ti tng sn trong ch ti la lm i c xc nh theo cng
thc:
(h
min
h
max
) = .([h
min
] [h
max
]) (3 - 33)
Vi cng thc ti ([h
min
] [h
max
]) = (30 50) (mm).
: H s ph thuc vo thi v v c xc nh theo cc giai on.
7. Xc nh ch ti
C s ca vic xc nh mc ti l da trn phng trnh cn bng nc mt
rung:
h
ci
= h
oi
+ m
i
+ P
oi
- W
h
- C
i
(3 - 34)
Trong :
- h
ci
: Lp nc mt rung cui thi on tnh ton (mm).
- h
oi
: Lp nc mt rung u thi on tnh ton (mm).
- m
i
: Lng nc ti trong thi on tnh ton (mm).
- P
oi
: Lng ma s dng c trong thi on tnh ton (mm).
- C
i
: Lng nc tho i trong thi on tnh ton.
Ch :
Trong tnh ton b rung gi nc thng xy dng cc ng trn c cao
trnh nh trn tng i ln. Trn ny c tc dng khi lng nc trn rung qu cao
nh hng n nng sut cy trng, lc nc s t ng trn ra knh tiu. Thng
cao trnh nh trn c gi l mc nc cho php [A
max
] trong rung thng cao hn
lp nc ln nht theo cng thc tng sn h
max
. V vy lng nc tho c tnh theo
cng thc:
C
i
= h
ci
- [A
max
] (3 - 35)
Theo kinh nghim th [A
max
] = (100 150) (mm), chn [A
max
] = 100 (mm).
iu kin rng buc ca phng trnh cn bng nc trn l:
[h
min
]
i
< h
ci
< [h
max
]
i
(3 - 36)
gii ng dn phng trnh (3 - 34) theo phng php gii tch ta chia thi
k sinh trng ca la thnh nhiu thi on nh, c th y tnh cho thi on 1
ngy. Trong mi thi on, vi lp nc mt rung u thi on bit v cc loi
nc hao (do ngm v bc hi mt rung) bit, lng ma cng bit, gi thit
mt gi tr mc ti m sau s dng phng trnh cn bng nc tnh c lp nc
mt rung cui thi on (cui ngy). So snh lp nc ny vi cng thc ti
tng sn (3 - 33), nu tho mn th m gi thit l ph hp, nu cha ph hp th gi
thit li m, c th nh sau:
- Nu vi m gi thit ta tnh c h
c
< [h
min
] th gi thit li m bng cch tng
ln v xc nh li h
c
cho n khi ph hp ([h
min
] < h
c
< [h
max
]) th thi.
- Nu vi m gi thit ta tnh c h
c
> [h
max
] th ta gi thit li m bng cch
gim m i v xc nh li h
c
cho n khi ph hp ([h
min
] < h
c
< [h
max
]) th thi.
Sinh vin thc hin: Trn Nam Hi Lp: 47N1
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Lp d n u t h thng ti h P1_Phan Thit GVHD: PGS.TS.Phm Ngc Hi
Trong trng hp nu ma qu ln ( khng phi ti, m = 0 ), m h
c
> [h
max
]
(Kt hp vi iu kin h
c
> [A
max
]) th ta phi tho bt lng ma i.
Kt qu tnh ton ch ti cho la chim nh ph lc 3 - 3.
T kt qu ph lc 3 - 5, ta c:
- Tng lng nc hao trong ton v: (ET
ci
+ K
i
) = 1265 (mm).
- Tng lng ma ri xung ton v: P = 82,83 (mm).
- Tng mc ti cn phi cung cp trong ton v: m = 1230 (mm).
- Tng lng nc phi tho i trong ton v: C = 0 (mm).
- Lp nc mt rung u thi v: h

= 2 (mm).
- Lp nc mt rung cui thi v: h
c
= 49,83 (mm).
Ta dng phng trnh cn bng nc (3 - 37) cho ton v kim tra kt qu
tnh:
h
c
= 2 + 1230 + 82,83 - 1265 - 0 = 49,83 (mm).
Nh vy ta thy kt qu tnh ton l chnh xc.Trong v chim tng mc ti
cn cung cp cho la l M = 12290 (m
3
/ha) v s ln ti, ngy ti cng nh mc
ti mi ln c thng k trong ph lc 3 - 6.
3.2.4.2. Tnh ton ch ti cho la ma
1. c im
Do yu cu ti nc v ma v khng cng thng nh v chim. Mt khc,
c im ca la ma l chnh lch thi v t nh hng n kt qu tnh ton ch
ti nn chng ta c th khng cn xt n s dch chuyn thi v.
- Ch canh tc ca la ma l ch lm dm (khng c thi on hao nc
do ngm bo m ch c qu trnh hao nc do ngm n nh v hao nc do bc hi
mt rung ), hnh thc gieo cy ng thi.
- Phng trnh c bn xc nh ch ti cho la ma ging nh phng
trnh cn bng nc xc nh cho la chim:
h
ci
= h
oi
+ m
i
+ P
oi
- K
i
- ET
ci
- C
i
(3 - 37)
Cng vi nguyn l gii nh i vi la chim, ta gii phng trnh cn bng
nc ny s xc nh c ch ti cho la ma.
2. Ni dung tnh ton:
Da vo phng trnh cn bng nc vit theo su lp nc mt rung cho
tng ngy:
h
ci
= h
oi
+ m
i
+ P
oi
- K
i
- ET
ci
- C
i
Trong :
- h
ci
: su lp nc mt rung u thi on tnh ton (mm/ngy).
- h
oi
: su lp nc mt rung cui thi on tnh ton (mm/ngy).
h
oi
= h
ci 1
(3 - 38)
- m
i
: Mc ti ngy th i (mm/ngy).
- ET
ci
: Lng bc hi mt rung ngy th i (mm/ngy).
ET
ci
= K
c
.ET
oi
(3 - 39)
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- K
c
: H s cy trng ng vi tng thi on.
- K
i
: Lng ngm ngy th i, K
i
= K

= 2,5 (mm/ngy).
- P
oi
: Lng ma thit k (P = 75 %) ca ngy th i (mm/ngy).
- C
i
: Lng nc tho trong ngy th i (mm/ngy).
iu kin rng buc: h
min
h
c
h
max
(3 - 40)
Vi cc s liu c gii phng trnh cn bng nc theo phng php gii
tch nh trn.
Kt qu tnh ton ch ti la ma nh ph lc 3 - 7.
Qua kt qu tnh ph lc 3 - 7, ta c:
- Tng lng nc hao ton v: ( ET
ci
+ K
i
) = 866,29 (mm).
- Tng lng ma ri xung trong ton v: P = 615,8 (mm).
- Tng mc ti cn pha cung cp trong ton v: m = 390 (mm).
- Tng lng nc tho i trong ton v: C = 136,59 (mm).
- Lp nc mt rung u v : h

= 70 (mm).
- Lp nc mt rung cui v: h
c
= 72,92 (mm).
Ta dng phng trnh cn bng nc (3 - 40) cho ton v kim tra kt qu
tnh ton:
h
c
= 70 + 390 +615,8 - 866,29 - 136,59 = 72,92 (mm).
Nh vy kt qu tnh l chnh xc.
Trong v ma tng mc ti cn cung cp cho la l 3900 (m
3
/ha) v s ln
ti, ngy ti cng nh mc ti mi ln c thng k ph lc 3 - 8.
3.2.5. Tnh ton ch ti cho cy trng cn (cy ng v ng)
3.2.5.1. c im
Cy trng cn l cy trng pht trin trn mi trng m. m trong tng t
canh tc s c duy tr theo cng thc ti tng sn.
3.5.2.2. Ni dung tnh ton
C s tnh ton ch ti cho cy trng cn da trn phng trnh cn
bng nc rung, c th l trong tng t m nui cy (tng canh tc).
Phng trnh c dng:
m
i
= (W
hi
+ W
ci
) - (W
oi
+ P
oi
+ W
i
) (3 - 41)
Trong :
- m
i
: Tng lng nc cn ti trong thi on tnh ton (m
3
/ha).
- W
hi
: Lng nc hao trong thi on tnh ton (m
3
/ha).
W
hi
= 10.ET
c
.t
i
(3- 42)
- ET
c
: Cng bc hi mt rung (mm/ngy).
ET
c
= K
c
.ET
o
(3 - 43)
- K
c
: H s cy trng.
- ET
o
: Lng bc hi chun (mm/ngy).
- t
i
: Thi gian hao nc (ngy).
Sinh vin thc hin: Trn Nam Hi Lp: 47N1
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- W
ci
: Lng nc cn tr trong tng t canh tc cui thi on tnh ton
(m
3
/ha), c xc nh theo cng thc:
W
ci
= 10.A.H
i
.
ci
(3 - 44)
- W
oi
: Lng nc sn c trong tng t u thi on tnh ton, c xc nh
theo cng thc:
W
oi
= 10.A.H
i
.
oi
(3 - 45)
- A: rng ca t tnh theo phn trm th tch t, A = 40 (%).
- H
i
: Chiu su tng t m nui cy trong thi on tnh ton th i (mm).
-
oi
: m t u thi on tnh th i (tnh theo % A).
-
ci
: m t cui thi on tnh th i (tnh theo % A).
Lng nc trong tng t cui thi on tnh ton Wci c khng ch theo
iu kin:
W
mini
< W
ci
< W
maxi
(3 - 46)
Trong :
+ W
mini
= 10.A.H
i
.
mini
(3 - 47)
+ W
maxi
= 10.A.H
i
.
maxi
(3 - 48)
Vi:

mini
: m nh nht thch hp.

maxi
: m ln nht thch hp.
- W
i
: Lng nc m cy trng s dng thm c trong thi on tnh ton.
W
i
= W
ni
+ W
Hi
(3 - 49)
- W
ni
: Lng nc ngm m cy trng c th s dng c, ph thuc vo v tr
tng i ca mc nc ngm, di ca r v tnh cht t.
- W
Hi
: Lng nc m cy trng c th s dng thm c trong tng t m
nui cy do r di thm.
W
Hi
= 10.A.
oi
.( H
ci
- H
i
) (3 - 50)
- H
i
: Chiu su tng t m nui cy u thi on tnh ton th i.
- H
ci
: Chiu su tng t m nui cy cui thi on tnh ton th i.
- P
oi
: Lng ma m cy trng c th s dng c trong thi on tnh ton
th i.
P
oi
= 10. .C.P
i
(m
3
/ha) (3 - 51)
- C: H s biu th phn nc ma c th ngm xung t, xc nh theo thc
nghim.
C = 1- (3 - 52)
- : H s dng chy, ph thuc vo lng ma ri xung t, ly theo kinh
nghim = 0,4.
- P
i
: Lng ma ri xung rung (mm).
- : H s s dng nc ma, thng qua tnh ton xc nh = 1.
Sinh vin thc hin: Trn Nam Hi Lp: 47N1
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tnh ton ch ti cho cy trng cn chng ta c th tnh theo phng
php gii hoc phng php gii tch. Trong n ny em tnh ton ch ti cho
cy trng cn bng cch gii phng trnh cn bng nc theo phng php gii tch.
Theo phng php gii tch cng nh i vi la, ta cng chia thi k sinh
trng ca cy trng cn thnh nhiu thi on nh, trong mi thi on s gi thit
mc ti, da vo phng trnh cn bng nc ta tnh c W
c
, kim tra W
c
theo iu
kin rng buc (3 - 46) nu tho mn l c ri tnh tip cho thi on tip theo cho
n khi kt thc ton b cc giai on sinh trng. Khi lng nc trong t vt qu
gii hn trn ta s tho i v ch gi mc W
maxi
.
Kt qu tnh ton ch ti ng v ng nh ph lc 3 - 9.
T kt qu ph lc 3 - 9, ta c:
- Tng lng nc hao trong ton v: W
h
= 5389,91 (m
3
/ha).
- Tng lng ma ngm xung trong ton v: P = 592,92 (m
3
/ha).
- Tng lng nc cy trng s dng thm c trong ton v:
W = 0 (m
3
/ha).
- Tng mc ti cn phi cung cp trong ton v: m = 5500 (m
3
/ha).
- Tng lng nc phi tho trong ton v: C = 0.
- Lng nc trong tng t u thi v: W

= 600 (m
3
/ha).
- Lng nc trong tng t cui thi v: W
c
= 1303,01 (m
3
/ha).
Ta dng phng trnh cn bng nc cho ton v kim tra kt qu tnh ton:
W
c
= 600 + 5500 + 592,92 + 0 - 5389,91 - 0 = 1303,01 (m
3
/ha).
Vy kt qu tnh ton l chnh xc.
Trong v ng tng mc ti cn cung cp cho ng l 5500 (m
3
/ha) v s ln
ti, ngy ti cng nh mc ti mi ln c thng k trong ph lc 3 - 10.
3.2.6. Tnh h s ti v gin h s ti cho cc loi cy trng
3.2.6.1. H s ti s b ca h thng
H s ti l lu lng cn cung cp cho mt n v din tch yu cu ti, h
s ti k hiu q (l/s-ha).
Mc ch: Tnh ton h s ti nhm phc v cho vic tnh ton lu lng thit
k ca cng trnh ti v qu trnh lu lng yu cu u h thng.
ngha: H s ti c ngha quan trng, quyt nh quy m, kch thc v
vn u t cho cng trnh ti.
H s ti s b c tnh theo cng thc:
q
ij
=
i ij
ij
.m
86, 4.t

(3 - 53)
Trong :
- q
ij
: H s ti ca cy trng i ln ti th j (l/s-ha).
-
i
: T l din tch ca tng loi cy trng th i so vi tng din tch khu ti.
Sinh vin thc hin: Trn Nam Hi Lp: 47N1
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=
i

(3 - 54)
-
i
: Din tch cn ti ca cy trng th i (ha).
- : Tng din tch ti ca ton h thng, bao gm nhiu loi cy trng (ha).
Do tp qun canh tc v iu kin ca khu vc hng li theo kho st t tai
liu thc t c h s quay vng t bng 3 nn vi c la v ng th c = 1.
- m
ij
: Mc ti ca cy trng th i ln ti th j (m
3
/ha).
- t
ij
: Thi gian ti ca cy trng th i ln ti th j (ngy).
Da vo cng thc (3 - 53) ta s tm c h s ti ca cc ln ti cho cc
loi cy trng khc nhau trong khu ti.
Kt qu tnh ton c th hin ph lc 3 - 11.
3.2.6.2. Gin h s ti
xc nh s thay i ca ch nc ca khu ti phi tng hp c h s
ti ca cc ln ti cho cc loi cy trng theo thi gian. Ngi ta biu th qu trnh
h s ti bng mt th gi l gin h s ti.
a. Mc ch, ngha:
- V gin h s ti c c s la chn h s ti thit k v lp k hoch
iu tit nc trong h thng.
- Da vo gin h s ti s bit c tnh hp l v n nh ca vic phn
phi nc trong h thng giai on qun l phn phi nc.
b. Ni dung tnh ton:
Gin h s ti s b ca h thng:
T kt qu tnh ton qu trnh h s ti theo thi gian (q ~ t) ph lc 3 - 13,
ta i xy dng gin h s ti nh hnh 3.2 v c gi l gin h s ti s b
ca h thng.
Nhn vo gin h s ti s b ta c nhn xt nh sau:
- H s ti nh nht q
min
= 1,16 (l/s-ha), h s ti ln nht q
max
= 2,31 (l/s-ha),
chnh lch gia q
min
v q
max
tho mn iu kin ng u.
- Tuy nhin gin h s ti s b cn nhiu ch bt hp l nh:
+ Trong thi gian thng 9 v thng 10 c nhiu cy trng cng c nhu cu v
nc ti lm cho vic p ng yu cu nc cng thng.
+ Trong sut qu trnh sinh trng v pht trin ca cc loi cy trng do nhu
cu v nc ti ca cy trng nn phi ti lm nhiu ln, thi gian ngh gia cc ln
ti ngn gy kh khn cho cng tc thit k v qun l ng knh.
Do gin h s ti s b cn phi c hiu chnh gim bt nhng bt
hp l nu trn.
Gin h s ti hiu chnh ca h thng:
Nguyn tc hiu chnh gin h s ti:
Sinh vin thc hin: Trn Nam Hi Lp: 47N1
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Lp d n u t h thng ti h P1_Phan Thit GVHD: PGS.TS.Phm Ngc Hi
+ X dch ngy ti chnh ca mt ln ti no nn x dch v pha trc
khng qu 3 ngy m bo an ton.
+ X dch m bo cho thi gian ngh gia 2 ln ti lin tc khng qu ngn.
+ C gng thay i mc ti khng qu 5 % cho q
min
0,4.q
max
lm tng tnh
ng u ca gin h s ti sau khi hiu chnh.
Sau khi hiu chnh ta c kt qu nh ph lc 3 - 12.
Gin h s ti c v nh hnh 3.3 c c im:
- q
min
= 1,16 (l/s-ha).
- q
max
= 1,65 (l/s-ha).
3.2.6.3. Chn h s ti thit k
H s ti thit k l c s xc nh lu lng thit k Q
TK
. H s ti thit
k nh hng trc tip n quy m kch thc cng trnh nn n mang ngha quan
trng c v kinh t v k thut.Thng thng trong gin h s ti thit k sau khi
hiu chnh th chn h s ti thit k l tr s ln nht hoc gn ln nht v c thi
gian xut hin tng i di, t nht phi > 20 ngy cng trnh lm vic c hiu qu.
T gin h s ti sau khi hiu chnh ta nhn thy:
- Nu chn h s ti thit k l q = 1,65 (l/s-ha) th cng trnh lun p ng
c yu cu nc, nhng quy m kch thc v vn u t cho cng trnh s ln, m
thi gian cng trnh hot ng vi h s ti thit k ngn gy lng ph.
- Thi gian ti ng vi tr s q = 1,16 (l/s-ha) kh di, vi h s ti ny cng
trnh vn c kh nng cung cp nc y , quy m kch thc cng trnh cng hp
l.
Vy ta quyt nh chn h s ti thit k l: q
tk
= 1,16 (l/s-ha).
3.3. Tnh yu cu nc cho sinh hot
Ngoi nhim v cp nc ti cho cc loi cy trng, cng trnh thu li sng
Quao cn c nhim v cp nc sinh hot cho thnh ph Phan Thit v dch v du
lch.
- Tiu chun cp nc sinh hot cho thnh ph Phan Thit:
200 ( l/ngi/ngy m ).
- Dn s thnh ph Phan Thit: 205333 (ngi).
(Theo s liu iu tra dn s 2004).
Tng lng nc yu cu cp cho sinh hot ca thnh ph Phan Tht:
W
sinh hot
= 200.10
-3
.205333.365 15 .10
6
(m
3
/nm).
Lu lng cp nc sinh hot:
Q
sinh hot
=

6
sinhhot
6 6
W
15.10
0,476
31,5.10 31,5.10
(m
3
/s).
Sinh vin thc hin: Trn Nam Hi Lp: 47N1
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3.4. Xc nh yu cu nc cho ton h thng
3.4.1. Mc ch, ngha
Xc nh yu cu nc cho ton h thng nhm mc ch so snh vi lng
nc n hay ni cch khc l so snh gia yu cu cp nc v kh nng cp ca
ngun nc. T xc nh c kh nng p ng nhu cu nc cho h thng v
xut bin php cng trnh theo kh nng v yu cu .
3.4.2. Ni dung tnh ton
- Yu cu nc ti cho 1 n v din tch canh tc:
W
ti
=
i
.M
i
= 1.12300 + 1.3900 + 1.5500 = 21700 ( m
3
/ha).
- Yu cu nc cho sinh hot :
W
sinh hot
= 15.10
6
(m
3
/nm ).
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PHN III. XUT PHNG N V TNH TON
PHNG N
CHNG IV. XUT PHNG N B TR H THNG
TI CHO KHU VC
4.1. Mc ch, ngha
4.1.1. Mc ch
a ra v chn phng n tt nht v ngun nc, bin php cng trnh v b
tr h thng dn nc ca d n cp nc trn c s cc c trng ca iu kin ngun
nc c tnh ton ng vi nm thit k.
4.1.2. ngha
xut v la chn c phng n cp nc hp l cho khu vc c ngha
quyt nh v nhiu mt nh : Kh nng tn dng ngun nc, kh nng p ng cc
yu cu s dng nc, kinh ph u t cho h thng cng trnh v li ch v kinh t, x
hi, mi trng do h thng mang li.
4.2. Phn tch cc iu kin t nhin, hin trng ti ca khu vc
4.2.1. Phn tch cc iu kin t nhin ca khu vc
4.2.1.1. iu kin a hnh, a mo
Lu vc sng Quao thuc nhnh cp I ca sng Ci Phan Thit, lu vc nm
trn sn pha ng phn cui cng ca dy Trng Sn, pha bc gip lu vc sng
La Ng thuc sn pha Ty Trng Sn, pha nam gip vi ng bng Phan Tht.
Ton b lu vc c th chia lm hai phn, ngn cch bi ni Bi c cao t
100 160 (m). T ni Bi ngc ln thng ngun, lu vc c a hnh c trng
ca vng rng ni : Chiu di sng ngn, dc lu vc ln. Phn cui cng gip vi
ni Bi l mt thung lng kh su v rng, bao quanh bi cc dy ni cao trung bnh
+200 (m), khng c ng giao thng ct qua thung lng. Sau dy ni Bi , sng bt
u chy qua cc vng trng trt, dc gim dn.
Thng lu l mt thung lng su v rng, khng b chia ct bi ng giao
thng, c th to thnh lng h, h lu l khu ti gip vi bin ng. iu kin a
hnh nh vy rt thun li cho vic xy dng h cha nc iu tit dng chy nhm
p ng cc yu cu nc ca khu vc.
4.2.1.2. iu kin a cht
1. a cht cng trnh
Thung lng sng, v tr c th xy dng h cha c bao quanh bi cc dy
ni tng i thoi, c dc 13 20. Dc theo sng Quao, pha trong lng h c
cc thm bc 1 v bc 2. Thm rng trung bnh 360 500 (m), di 4000 4500 (m),
Sinh vin thc hin: Trn Nam Hi Lp: 47N1
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mt thm tng i bng phng. Thm bc 2 c cao mt thm 80 86 (m), thm
bc 1 c cao mt thm 60 65 (m).
gc trong vng thung lng sng ch yu l granit. pha thng lu c
phn b mt khu vc rt t phin v ct kt. Nhn chung kh rn chc, nt n t,
cc khe nt thng khp kn, hu nh khng c thnh phn ho tan trong gc.
Trong vng h khng c t gy ln, cc ti liu thu thp c cho thy mt s
tuyn cha c du hiu t gy.
Ti lng h c lp ph t ph bin l lp t st cha sn, mu xm en,
xm vng n nu, c trng thi do cng ti na cng, kt cu cht.
2. a cht thu vn
Qua mt s kho st trong phm vi vng h th nc di t t thy xut l.
Nc di t y ch yu l nc trong i nt n ca gc, ngun cung cp ch
yu l nc ma. Ngoi ra cn c nc trong lp ct cui si y thm bc 1. Trong
phm vi vng h, nc di t ch b cp c mt lng nc nh cho nc sng
Quao.
3. nh gi iu kin a cht cng trnh vng h
a. V kh nng gi nc ca h:
Qua nghin cu nh gi cc iu kin a hnh, a cht v a cht thy vn
c th ni nu h cha c xy dng s khng xy ra hin tng mt nc sang lu
vc khc v cc l do:
- H c bao quanh bi cc dy ni thoi v dy nn kh c kh nng thm
mt nc qua b h.
- gc phn b trong phm vi h kh rn chc, khng cha cc thnh phn
ho tan.
- Trong vng h khng c t gy ln.
b. V kh nng st l v bi lng lng h:
Ti v tr c th xy dng h cha, tng ph t sn ni mng, lp ph
thc vt dy 0,3 0,5 (m), sn ni chung quanh h tng i thoi, dc 13 20,
trong phm vi h khng pht hin cc st l ln, ch c st l nh cc b. V vy vn
ti to v bi lng lng h P1 khng ng ngi.
4.2.1.3. iu kin v ngun nc
1. Nc ma
Lng ma nm thit k ch c 1116,26 (mm).
Mt khc, lng ma li phn b khng u trong nm v t hn so vi yu cu
ti cc v chim v v ng. V chim: Lng ma s dng c l 82,83 (mm);
Tng mc ti l 1230 (mm). V ma: Lng ma l 615,8 (mm); Tng mc ti l
390 (mm). V ng: Lng ma l 59,3 (mm); Tng mc ti l 550 (mm). Lng
ma ch yu tp trung vo v ma vi lng ma v l 704,19 (mm), chim 63,1 %
lng ma nm. V chim ch c 104,2 (mm), chim 9,3 % lng ma nm. Trong
tng v ma cng phn b khng u, c bit l v chim v v ng. V chim c
Sinh vin thc hin: Trn Nam Hi Lp: 47N1
68
Lp d n u t h thng ti h P1_Phan Thit GVHD: PGS.TS.Phm Ngc Hi
lng ma ngy ln nht l 21,72 (mm), c ngy lng ma ch c 0,1 (mm), thng 1
v thng 2 l nhng thng cn nhiu nc th hu nh khng c ma. V ng, lng
ma ngy ln nht l 48,97 (mm), thng 12 v thng 1 khng ma.
Vi lng ma qu nh v phn b khng u nh vy, ngun nc ma
khng th p ng c yu cu ti v cc yu cu dng nc khc.
2. Nc ngm
Tim nng nc ngm ca huyn Hm Thun Bc khng ln nhng vn c th
p ng nhu cu sinh hot cho nhn dn mt s khu vc, bao gm:
- Cc tng cha nc di ct l vng c tr lng ln nht trn a bn
huyn. su t 50 100 (m) c th t 1 2 (m
3
/gi) n 3 4 (m
3
/gi), tng
ng 50 100 (m
3
/ging/ngy m).
- Cc tng cha nc cc thung lng sng c tr lng kh phong ph sau
vng ct , song c s thay i tu thuc vo thnh phn thch hc. Trin vng khai
thc mi ging c th t 2 30 (m
3
/gi), cht lng nc khng cao, vng gn ca
sng b nhim mn.
- Cc tng cha nc trm tch : Phn b ch yu vng g i, c cu to ch
yu l macma xm nhp, mc nt n ca t nn kh nng tr nc km, lu
lng khai thc ca cc ging thng nh hn 0,5 (m
3
/gi), nhng nhng v tr gn
cc t gy c th khai thc c 12 (m
3
/gi).
3. Nc mt
Sng Quao l nhnh ln nht ca h thng sng Ci, c lu vc hng nc kh
ln, c nc quanh nm. Tuy nhin, mt c im ni bt ca sng Quao l nm trong
vng c lng ma nh nn dng chy cng rt nh so vi vng khc k c khu vc
sng Lu v sng La Ng l nhng khu vc ln cn nht.
Dng chy nm thit k ng vi tn sut thit k P = 75% ca sng Quao c Q
= 2,63 (m
3
/s) v W = 82,845 (m
3
) trong khi tng lng nc yu cu ti ng vi h
s ti thit k q
tk
= 1,16 (l/s - ha) l W
yc
150.106 (m
3
).
4.2.1.4. iu kin vt liu xy dng
Vt liu xy dng trong khu vc nhn chung rt phong ph, c v khi lng v
chng loi. Cc loi vt liu chnh gm c:
1. Vt liu t
C 3 bi vt liu pha h lu, 1 bi trong lng h, u rt gn, ch cch v tr
c th xy p khong 2 3 (km).
Gm c hai loi t chnh l t lp 2b v t lp 2c.
- t lp 2b: L t st nh n va, c khi lng khong 3,64.10
6
m
3
, c
cht lng dng p p.
- t lp 2c: L t st nh, c ch l t st trung, c khi lng 0,4.10
6
m
3
, c
th dng p p ph v dng lm vt liu chng thm.
2. Vt liu ct si
Sinh vin thc hin: Trn Nam Hi Lp: 47N1
69
Lp d n u t h thng ti h P1_Phan Thit GVHD: PGS.TS.Phm Ngc Hi
Qua thm d vt liu ct si t vng h xung x Ma Lm cch cng trnh 18
(km) phat hin c mt s m dc theo sng Quao.
Cc m u c khi lng c th khai thc tng i ln, c cht lng kh tt,
ch yu l ct thch anh v sn phm ca granit, c thnh phn ht v tnh cht c l
thch hp, t bi st bn, dng lm vt liu xy dng rt tt.
3. Vt liu
C hai m, mt m nm trong lng h cch tuyn p 1,5 2 (km) v pha
thng lu, mt m nm chn ni Bi . Cc ch tiu c l u cho thy c
tr lng v cht lng lm vt liu xy dng.
4.2.2. Hin trng cp nc ca khu vc
Trong khu ti c h thng cc p dng nh: Cy Kh, Xuyn, Kim
Long vi kh nng ti kh ln. Tuy nhin, hu ht cc cng trnh u mi u khng
c cng ly nc, cc p ch lm nhim v dng nc, h thng knh b tr khng
hp l, knh chnh va lm nhim v ti, va lm nhim v tiu.Do , hiu qu s
dng cho ti rt thp, thng ch t t 40% 50% nng lc thit k. kh nng p
ng yu cu nc cho nng nghip.
C th nhn thy hin trng ca h thng thu li thng qua nng lc phc v
cho ph lc 4 - 1.
V vn cp nc sinh hot, ngun nc ch yu l nc ngm. Nhng do
nh hng thu triu nn nc ngm b nhim mn, khng m bo cht lng theo
tiu chun v nc sinh hot , c bit l thnh ph Phan Thit, v gip bin nn nc
c mn kh cao, khng th dng cho sinh hot nu khng x l.
Ngun nc mt trong khu vc hn ch, lng ma rt t, nhng tn tht nc
li ln. Theo kt qu Chng II, bc hi trung bnh ngy trn khu ti l 3,97
(mm), tn tht ngm ca t khong 2,3 (mm/ngy). Nh vy tn tht nc hng nm
khong 887,14 (mm), trong khi lng ma nm ch c 1116,26 (mm), khu vc c
nguy c thiu nc trm trng.
4.3. xut phng n ngun nc v bin php cng trnh trong khu vc
4.3.1. xut phng n v ngun nc
Qua phn tch v tnh hnh ngun nc ca khu vc trn, khu vc nm trong
vng c lng ma t, nc ngm khan him, nc mt l ngun nc ch yu. Do
gii quyt vn v nc cho khu vc phi da vo ngun nc chnh l nc mt,
c th l ngun nc ca sng Quao. Ngoi ra, khu vc ln cn thuc lu vc sng La
Ng c ngun nc kh phong ph, vi nhnh sng an Sch c lu lng tng i
ln, c th b sung rt tt cho khu vc.
4.3.2. xut bin php cng trnh trong khu vc
Do ngun nc phn b khng u trong nm v trong tng v, tng lng
dng chy mt vo ma l ln c thi gian tha nc nhiu, cn ma kit li hn hn,
Sinh vin thc hin: Trn Nam Hi Lp: 47N1
70
Lp d n u t h thng ti h P1_Phan Thit GVHD: PGS.TS.Phm Ngc Hi
thiu nc nghim trng. V vy, gii quyt vn nc cho khu vc, cn phi tr
li c lng nc tha trong ma l s dng trong ma kit, bin php cng
trnh gii quyt c vn l xy dng h cha.
Mt khc, qua phn tch cc iu kin a hnh, a cht cng trnh, a cht
thu vn v vt liu xy dng cho thy tt c cc iu kin u rt thun li cho vic
xy dng h cha.
y khng th xy dng p trn c, v ma kit s khng nc ti do
dng chy ma kit qu nh v nc ngm khan him. Cng khng th xy dng trm
bm c, v khng c in chy my bm.
Nh vy, bin php cng trnh duy nht c th gii quyt c vn v nc
cho khu vc l xy dng h cha.
4.3.3. Xc nh nhim v ca cng trnh
Theo kt qu tnh ton yu cu nc ca khu vc Chng III, c ba v u
s dng 100% din tch v tng mc ti cho mt n v din tch canh tc trong mt
nm l: 21700 (m
3
/ha).
Theo kt qu tnh ton Chng II:
- Lu lng trung bnh nm ca sng Quao: Q
75%
= 2,63 (m
3
/s).
- Tng lng dng chy nm ca sng Quao:
W
75%
= Q
75%
.31,5.10
6
= 2,63.31,5.10
6
= 82,845.10
6
(m
3
).
Do nm trong khu vc t nc nn b sung nc cho h cha phi xy dng
cng trnh tip nc t sng an Sch. Theo ti liu cho, phn phi dng chy nm
thit k ca sng an Sch nh ph lc 4 - 2.
- Lu lng trung bnh nm ca sng an Sch: Q
75%
= 2,65 (m
3
/s).
- Tng lng dng chy nm ca sng an Sch:
W
75%
= Q
75%
.31,5.10
6
= 2,65.31,5.10
6
= 83,475.10
6
(m
3
).
Tng lng dng chy n h hng nm:
W
n
= W
sng Quao
+ W
sng an Sch
= 82,845.10
6
+ 83,475.10
6
= 166,32.10
6
(m
3
).
Theo kinh nghim nu chn h s s dng nc ca h thng l = 0,7 th
din tch c th ti l:

6
n
W 166,32.10
= . .0,7 5365,2
21700 21700
(ha).
Cn c vo cc iu kin trn ng thi da trn c s quy hoch tng th ca
huyn Hm Thun Bc v tnh Bnh Thun, xc nh h cha P1 c nhim v nh sau:
'' H P1 l h iu tit nm, c b sung nc t nhnh sng an Sch trn
sng La Ng, c tc dng li dung tng hp, gm cc nhim v :
- Cp nc ti cho 4200 ( ha ) din tch canh tc thuc huyn Hm Thun Bc
vi h s quay vng t n = 3.
- Cp nc sinh hot cho thnh ph Phan Thit vi lu lng Q = 0,476 (m
3
/s).
- Hn ch l lt cho vng h du v thnh ph Phan Thit.
- Nng cao u nc phc v giao thng thu v ci to mi trng''.
Sinh vin thc hin: Trn Nam Hi Lp: 47N1
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Lp d n u t h thng ti h P1_Phan Thit GVHD: PGS.TS.Phm Ngc Hi
4.4. Phn tch v chn phng n b tr cng trnh u mi
Cng trnh u mi ca h cha ni chung v h P1 ni ring gm c:
- p chnh v cc p ph.
- Cng ly nc.
- ng trn x l.
4.4.1. Chn tuyn p chnh
4.4.1.1. Nguyn tc
- Tuyn p chnh phi chn ni c a hnh lng sng hp p ngn, c
khi lng o p l nh nht.
- a cht vng tuyn p phi m bo cng chc, tho mn iu kin v
bn thm v n nh.
- Ngoi ra, tuyn p phi gn cc bi vt liu p p, c iu kin vn
chuyn vt liu d dng.
4.4.1.2. Chn tuyn p chnh
Da vo iu kin a hnh phn tch trn, p chnh c th t eo cui
cng ca lng sng Quao, ti v tr ni Bi . Ti y c th xt hai tuyn:
- Tuyn thng: v pha thng lu, ni lin ni Bi vi mm ni i din
c cao nh l 129,2 (m). Tnh n cao trnh +95 (m) th tuyn di 910 (m). Vch
ni hai b tng i thoi, t 15 20, y kh bng phng, ch su nht c cao
+49 (m).
- Tuyn gy: pha thng lu tuyn thng, ni lin t ni Bi qua mm i
trung gian gia c cao 103,5 (m) ti ni i din c cao nh 129,2 (m), to
thnh hai nhnh: Nhnh tri ct dng chnh, sn ni thoi hn, c cao trnh y ch
thp nht l 56,5 (m), tnh n cao trnh +95 (m) th nhnh ny di 473 (m). Nhnh
phi c cao y ch thp nht +61 (m), sn ni dc hn, di 424 (m) nu tnh n
cao trnh +95 (m). Vy tng chiu di tuyn gy tnh n cao trnh +95 (m) l 897 (m).
V tr hai tuyn p chnh th hin trn bnh nh hnh 4.1.
4.4.1. 3. So snh chn phng n b tr p
- V iu kin a cht, c hai tuyn u m bo, cng nm trong vng c
gc l granit, t nt n, khng c du hiu ca t gy v st l ln.
- V iu kin vt liu xy dng, hai tuyn nm kh gn nhau v u gn cc
m vt liu.
- V khi lng, c hai tuyn khng chnh nhau nhiu. Tuyn thng, a hnh i
qua khu vc c cao thp nn khi lng p nhiu hn. Tuyn gy gi vo mm
i gia, i qua vng c a hnh cao hn nn khi lng p t hn.
- Mt khc, tuyn gy do chia thnh hai phn, c th li dng thi cng lm
hai t, gim bt cng thng v cng t p khi lp dng. Tuyn gy cng to
mt thong h rng hn nn c th ci thin mi trng tt hn.
Sinh vin thc hin: Trn Nam Hi Lp: 47N1
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Lp d n u t h thng ti h P1_Phan Thit GVHD: PGS.TS.Phm Ngc Hi
Nh vy, tuyn gy v mt thi cng cng nh cc mt khc c nhiu thun li
hn so vi tuyn thng. Do chn tuyn p chnh l tuyn gy.
6
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0
on I
on II
Tuyn p ph I
5
0
Tuyn g y
Tuyn thng
70
N.B i
Hnh 4.1. Bnh tuyn p chnh
Sinh vin thc hin: Trn Nam Hi Lp: 47N1
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Lp d n u t h thng ti h P1_Phan Thit GVHD: PGS.TS.Phm Ngc Hi
1
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Sinh vin thc hin: Trn Nam Hi Lp: 47N1
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Lp d n u t h thng ti h P1_Phan Thit GVHD: PGS.TS.Phm Ngc Hi
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Sinh vin thc hin: Trn Nam Hi Lp: 47N1
75
Lp d n u t h thng ti h P1_Phan Thit GVHD: PGS.TS.Phm Ngc Hi
4.4.2. Chn tuyn p ph
1. p ph I:
t nh yn nga c cao +80,4 (m), cch p chnh khong 400 (m) v
pha ty nam, chiu di p khong 150 (m) tnh n cao +95 (m). Vng yn nga
thp c dc mi ni khong 12 14.
nh yn nga c mt lp ln dy khong 2 (m), nm trc tip trn gc.
2. p ph II:
D nh t eo yn nga c cao +91 (m), a cht c tng ph mng, di
tng ph l gc granit.
3. p ph III:
t ti eo yn nga c cao thp nht l +79 (m), nm cch p chnh khong
1000 (m) v pha ty nam. y l mt eo ni c 2 vch tng i dc, phn ln sn
dc l granit.
4. p ph IV:
D nh t ti eo yn nga c cao nh +89 (m), nm cch p ph III 2000
(m) v pha ty. a cht vng tuyn p IV tng t nh vng p ph II, c mt lp
ph mng trn nn gc granit.
V tr cc tuyn p ph c th hin trn bnh hnh 4.2 v hnh 4.3.
4.4.3. Chn phng n b tr cng ly nc
Khi chn tuyn t cng cn lu nhng vn sau:
- C gng t cng trn nn , nu nn c tng ph dy th khng c t
cng ni trn nn m phi c mt chn su nht nh.
- y cng thng lu chn thp hn mc nc cht v phi tha mn yu
cu khng ch ti t chy.
Cn c vo iu kin a hnh, a cht khu vc, cng ly nc c th t 3 v
tr:
- V tr 1: t p ph I.
- V tr 2: t p ph III.
- V tr 3: t vai phi p chnh on II.
Xt v iu kin a cht th c 3 v tr u thch hp b tr cng ly nc.
V tr 2: ly nc thun li khi mc nc h thp phi b tr tuyn gy
nhm trnh qu i gia v gim chiu di cng.
V tr 3: ng dn nc v khu ti phi i vng theo vch ni nn rt di,
khi lng o p s ln.
Sinh vin thc hin: Trn Nam Hi Lp: 47N1
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Lp d n u t h thng ti h P1_Phan Thit GVHD: PGS.TS.Phm Ngc Hi
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,
0

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.

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,
0

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2

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1
3
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,
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.
Hnh 4.4. Cc phng n b tr cng ly nc
V tr 1: C th ly nc thun li, tuyn cng thng v ng dn nc v khu
ti li ngn nht trong 3 phng n.
V vy, chn phng n 1, t cng ly nc ti p ph I.
Sinh vin thc hin: Trn Nam Hi Lp: 47N1
77
Lp d n u t h thng ti h P1_Phan Thit GVHD: PGS.TS.Phm Ngc Hi
4.4.4. Chn phng n b tr trn x l
B tr trn x l cn c gng tho mn cc iu kin sau:
- Khi c nn , phi tm mi cch b tr p trn nn , nu khng c nn
hoc nn xu phi c bin php gia c nn trc khi b tr trn.
- Cn to cho iu kin thin nhin ca lng sng khng b ph hoi, do
trc tin phi b tr p trn ti lng sng hoc gn bi sng.
- B tr p trn cn m bo cho lng sng v hai b h lu khng sinh ra xi
l, m bo an ton ca cng trnh.
- Ngoi ra, b tr p trn cn phi ph hp vi iu kin thi cng v m bo
lu tc cho php nu h lu c cng trnh vn ti thu....
D vo iu kin a hnh, a cht khu vc, c th xem xt 3 phng n b tr
trn x l:
- V tr I: Trn t eo yn nga cch tuyn p chnh khong 500 (m) v pha
ty bc. Vng eo ni c dc thoi 10 15, nh eo c cao +96 (m). Ton b
ng trn c chia lm hai on r rt:
+ on I: Gm ngng trn v on dc st ngng, a cht tng i ng
nht, trn mt l lp ph pha tn tch, di l gc granit.
+ on II: Ch yu nm trn thm sng bng phng, trn vo sng Quao ti
v tr cch p chnh khong 1 (km) v pha h lu. a tng t trn xung l lp t
st nh (2b), lp hn hp ct cui si v di cng l gc granit.
- V tr II: t trn ni gia hai u on p chnh, ti v tr ny trn x l s
c t trong gia ni .
- V tr III: V tr ny vai phi p chnh on II, ngng trn trn tim p
chnh, t tim p chnh trn thng x ra sng Quao v pha ng. Ti v tr ny
cng c iu kin a cht tt, gc granit phong ho nh, t nt n v kh cng
chc.
Nh vy, c 3 v tr c nghin cu b tr trn x l u c iu kin a cht
nn tt. Tuy nhin, mi phng n li c u nhc im ring :
- V tr I:
+ u im: Do t cch xa cc cng trinh khc nn m bo an ton cho cng
trnh, mt khc sau khi qua on II ca trn thuc vng thm sng kh bng phng lu
tc ca dng nc gim nh i rt nhiu, m bo khng gy xi l hai b v lng
sng.
Sinh vin thc hin: Trn Nam Hi Lp: 47N1
78
Lp d n u t h thng ti h P1_Phan Thit GVHD: PGS.TS.Phm Ngc Hi
3
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B

Hnh 4.5. Cc phng n b tr trn x l.


+ Nhc im: Phng n c ng trn rt di lm tng kinh ph xy dng
ng trn.
- V tr II:
+ u im: Trn c t gia ni , m bo iu kin n nh.
Sinh vin thc hin: Trn Nam Hi Lp: 47N1
79
Lp d n u t h thng ti h P1_Phan Thit GVHD: PGS.TS.Phm Ngc Hi
+ Nhc im: nh ni kh cao, khi lng phi o vo gc rt ln lm
tng kinh ph v thi cng gp nhiu kh khn.
- V tr III:
+ u im: Ngng trn ngay trn p chnh, khng phi o vo gc,
trn li thng vo sng Quao nn tuyn trn ngn hn so vi hai phng n trn, s
tit kim c vn u t.
+ Nhc im: Do trn ngn v dc nn phi ch c bin php tiu nng thch
hp m bo an ton cho bn thn cng trnh v h lu.
tit kim vn u t m vn m bo tho l an ton, chn phng n b tr
trn l phng n III: Trn t ti vai phi ca p chnh on II, ngng trn trn tim
p chnh.
4.5. Phn tch v chn phng n b tr h thng knh v cng trnh trn h
thng
4.5.1. Nguyn tc b tr knh ti
H thng knh ti c nhim v ly nc t ngun nc vo khu ti v phn
phi vo cc vng trong khu ti.
Vic b tr knh ph thuc vo rt nhiu yu t, tu tnh hnh c th v tng ni
chn m chn phng n b tr cho hp l. Ni chung khi b tr knh ti phi tun
theo nhng nguyn tc sau:
- Knh chnh phi c b tr nhng ni a th cao c th khng ch ti
t chy ton khu ti vi kh nng ln nht.
- Khi b tr knh phi xt ti vic tng hp li dng ng knh tho mn
nhu cu ca mi ngnh kinh t v mang li li ch ln nht.
- Khi b tr knh cn xt ti cc mt c lin quan tht cht ch pht huy tc
dng ca knh v khng mu thun vi cc mt cng tc .
+ Khi b tr knh phi xt n quy hoch t ai trong khu vc. Mi loi t,
trng mt loi cy khc nhau to thnh nhng vng trng trt khc nhau dn n yu
cu nc ca mi vng cng khc nhau v vic qun l phn phi nc cng khc
nhau. C th kt hp b tr knh theo a gii ca cc vng ni trn phn vng
c r rng nh: Vng trng la nc, vng trng hoa mu, vng trng cy cng
nghip....
+ B tr knh cn kt hp cht ch vi cc khu vc hnh chnh nh: Tnh,
huyn, x; cc n v sn xut nh: Nng trng, hp tc x, trang tri.... tin vic
qun l sn xut nng nghip v phn phi nc, nu c th th kt hp b tr tuyn
knh lm a gii ca nhng khu vc .
+ B tr knh ti cng phi thc hin mt lc vi b tr knh tiu to thnh
mt h thng knh ti tiu hon chnh.
+ B tr knh ti phi kt hp cht ch vi ng giao thng thu hoc b,
phi xt yu cu quc phng nh knh phn vng bin gii.
Sinh vin thc hin: Trn Nam Hi Lp: 47N1
80
Lp d n u t h thng ti h P1_Phan Thit GVHD: PGS.TS.Phm Ngc Hi
- Khi b tr knh cp trn cn phi to iu kin tt cho vic b tr knh cp
di v b tr cng trnh c lin quan.
- Phng n b tr phi t vt qua chng ngi, t cng trnh, khi lng o
p nh, vn u t t, tin thi cng v qun l.
- Cn b tr knh i qua ni c a cht tt lng knh n nh, khng b xi,
t ngm nc.
- Trng hp knh phi ln cong th bn knh cong phi m bo iu kin:
R 2.B
Trong :
+ R : Bn knh cong.
+ B : Chiu rng mt nc knh v tr ln cong.
+ i vi lu lng knh t 50 (m
3
/s) th bn knh cong c th t:
R = 100 150 (m).
Ngoi nhng nguyn tc trn, khi b tr knh cn tham kho kin cng ng,
t chc, chnh quyn cc a phng trong vng hng li la chn c phng
n b tr p hp nht, sao cho h thng knh t c hiu sut cao vn u t t, tin
thi cng v qun l.
4.5.2. Phn tch v chn phng n b tr h thng knh
Khu ti h P1 ch yu nm kp gia mt bn i l i ni thp v mt bn l
sng Ci, tri di t Ty Bc xung ng Nam, c cao :
- pha Ty Bc l 50 60 (m).
- pha ng Nam l 20 30 (m).
Ton b tuyn knh chnh di khong 26 (km), t K
0
n sui Sau. Cn c vo
a hnh khu vc, tuyn knh c th b tr i theo 2 phng n:
4.5.2.1. Phng n I
T K
0
i dc theo ng tnh l s 8, chui qua ng st Thng Nht v i
song song vi ng st ti cho 2 x Hm Chnh v Hm Lim. on t K
0
n
ng st, knh i tt qua ng ng mc nn c dc rt ln, do phi xy dng
nhiu bc nc h thp dn cao mt nc. Sau khi chui qua ng st, knh i
vo vng trng nn khi lng p nhiu.
Phng n I i thng nn c chiu di knh ngn khong 20 (km), nhng din
tch khng ch ti t chy nh khng m bo ti t chy c cho khu vc x
Hm Ph.
4.5.2.2. Phng n II
T K
0
sau cng, knh i ln theo ng ng mc n ni Ph Din. n
knh c th i theo 2 hng:
a. Hng 1:
Sinh vin thc hin: Trn Nam Hi Lp: 47N1
81
Lp d n u t h thng ti h P1_Phan Thit GVHD: PGS.TS.Phm Ngc Hi
i thng t ni Ph Din xuyn Qua eo ni ti ng st, chui qua ng st
ti v tr K
22
, sau i song song vi ng st n K
26
. Phng n ny tuyn knh
ngn nhng phi xuyn qua eo ni nn khi lng o ln.
b. Hng 2:
i ln vng quanh ni Hng C Tang, chui qua ng st ti v tr K
15
+ 750
ri i song song vi ng st. Phng n ny tuy knh i vng, di hn nhng i
theo ng ng mc nn khng phi o nhiu nh Hng 1 ca Phng n II v
thun li cho vic phn phi nc vo khu ti.
Nh vy, knh chnh c th khng ch c din tch ti t chy ln, thun
li cho vic phn phi nc vo khu ti, chn tuyn knh chnh nh sau:
T K
0
sau cng ly nc, knh i ln theo ng ng mc n ni Ph Din,
vng quanh ni Hng C Tang, chui qua ng st ti v K
19
+ 146 ri i song song
vi ng st n K
26
.
T tuyn knh chn, lp phng n b tr cc knh cp di v cc cng
trnh trn h thng knh. V tr, chiu di v din tch phc v ca tng knh c
thng k nh ph lc 4 - 3.
4.5.2.3. B tr ti cc cng trnh trn h thng knh
- Ti u mi knh nhnh u c b tr knh ly nc u knh.
- m bo an ton cho knh phi b tr trn cui knh.
- Ngoi ra, da vo a hnh v tnh hnh giao thng trong khu vc....s b b
tr cc cng trnh trn h thng knh nh sau : T K
0
n K
26
knh ct qua sui Trm
ti K
5
+ 835, sng Thang ti K
10
+ 196, sng Trao ti K
12
+ 306, ng st Thng nht
ti K
19
+146, ng lm nghip ti K
6
+ 62 v K
13
+ 972. Ti cc v tr ny u c b
tr cng trnh: Xi phng ngc vt sng sui, cng qua ng st, cu qua knh.
Sinh vin thc hin: Trn Nam Hi Lp: 47N1
82
Lp d n u t h thng ti h P1_Phan Thit GVHD: PGS.TS.Phm Ngc Hi
CHNG V. TNH TON PHNG N
5.1. Mc ch, ngha
5.1.1. Mc ch
Tnh ton phng n nhm a ra cc thng s k thut, la chn cc kch
thc c bn ca cng trnh, lm c s cho vic thit k chi tit cc hng mc cng
trnh v vn u t xy dng h thng.
5.1.2. ngha
Tnh ton phng n c ngha quan trng v vic la chn hp l quy m,
kch thc cng trnh s quyt nh n hiu qu v mc an ton ca cng trnh
trong qu trnh hot ng.
5.1.3. Ni dung tnh ton
- Tnh ton qu trnh lu lng yu cu u h thng.
- Tnh ton mc nc yu cu khng ch ti t chy ti u h thng.
- Tnh ton iu tit h:
+ Tnh cao trnh mc nc cht v dung tch cht.
+ Tnh cao trnh mc nc dng bnh thng v dung tch hiu qu.
+ Tnh ton iu tit l xc nh chiu rng trn v chiu cao nh p.
- Xc nh hnh thc v kch thc cng trnh u mi.
5.2. Tnh ton qu trnh lu lng yu cu u h thng
5.2.1. Mc ch, ngha
1. Mc ch
Tnh ton c qu trnh lu lng v lng nc yu cu u h thng, t
phc v tnh ton iu tit h, thit k knh, cng, cc cng trnh trn knh v lp
k hoch dng nc nhm tho mn cc yu cu v nc ca khu vc.
2. ngha
Tnh ton yu cu nc u h thng l thng s quan trng th hin ton b
yu cu nc ca khu vc cn c cung cp ti u h thng. T yu cu dng nc
u h thng so snh vi qu trnh nc n th hin kh nng ca ngun nc t
khng nh c loi cng trnh u mi.
Tnh ton qu trnh lu lng u h thng c ngha quan trng c v kinh
t v k thut, gip tnh ton iu tit h hp l, t xc nh c quy m, kch
thc cng nh vn u t xy dng cng trnh.
Mt khc, qu trnh lu lng u h thng cn l ti liu quan trng trong
qu trnh qun l vn hnh, l c s cp nc hp l, m bo tho mn yu cu dng
nc m khng gy lng ph nc.
Sinh vin thc hin: Trn Nam Hi Lp: 47N1
83
Lp d n u t h thng ti h P1_Phan Thit GVHD: PGS.TS.Phm Ngc Hi
5.2.2. Cc ti liu dng trong tnh ton
tnh ton qu trnh lu lng u h thng cn c cc ti liu sau:
- Gin h s ti (q ~ t) hiu chnh.
- H s ti thit k q
TK
= 1,16 (l/s - ha).
- Din tch ph trch v chiu di knh cc cp.
- Quan h gia h s s dng nc ca knh v din tch ti (Theo TCVN
4118 - 85, knh loi A t thm va), cho Bng 5.1.
Bng 5.1. H s s dng nc ca knh theo din tch ti
(ha) 20 40 50 120
0.85 0.9 0.8 0.85
- S tnh ton h thng knh:
A0
A1
A2
A3
A4
A5
A6
A7
A8
A9
A10
A11
A12
A13
A14
A15
A16
N 1
30 ( ha )
N 2
60( ha )
N17
N 3
150( ha )
N 4
420( ha )
N 5
340 ( ha )
N 6
420( ha )
N 7
280( ha )
N 8
240( ha )
N 9
240( ha )
N 10
340( ha )
N 11
340( ha )
N 12
420( ha )
N 13
240( ha )
N 14
200( ha )
N 15
240( ha )
N 16
240( ha )
412( m) 720( m)
2820( m)
3520( m)
3220( m)
3200 ( m)
3110( m)
3150 ( m)
3310( m)
3290 ( m)
3250( m)
3260 ( m)
3220 ( m)
3230 ( m)
3380 ( m)
2600 ( m)
3
2
1
0
(
m
)
1
7
5
0
(

m

)

8
7
9
(

m

)
1
1
8
5
(

m

)
2
7
9
1
(

m

)
1
2
0
0
(

m

)
1
6
0
7
(

m

)
1
7
6
9
(

m

)
1
2
6
4
(

m

)
4
7
7
2
(

m

)
1
9
2
9
(

m

)

9
4
1
(

m

)
2
0
6
8
(

m

)
1
0
3
3
(

m

)

5
5
1
(

m

)
1
5
3
6
(

m

)
1
2
0
3
(

m

)
Sinh vin thc hin: Trn Nam Hi Lp: 47N1
84
Lp d n u t h thng ti h P1_Phan Thit GVHD: PGS.TS.Phm Ngc Hi
5.2.3. Ni dung tnh ton
5.2.3.1. Tnh ton lu lng yu cu u h thng ng vi h s ti thit k
I. Nguyn l tnh ton:
Lu lng cn ly u knh chnh c tnh dn t knh cp di ln cp
trn v t cui knh v u knh.
II. Phng php tnh ton:
Lu lng cn ly u mi cp knh c xc nh theo trnh t nh di
y.
Da vo v tr ca cc knh cp di chia knh thnh nhiu on, lu lng
u knh c tnh dn t cui ln theo cng thc tng qut:
Q
bruti
= Q
neti
+ Q
tti
(5 - 1)
S tnh ton nh hnh v:
Qbrut i
Qnet i Qbrut i - 1
Qj
Trong :
- Q
brut i
: Lu lng u knh th i, (m
3
/s).
- Q
net i
: Lu lng cui on knh th i, (m
3
/s).
Q
net i
= Q
brut i - 1
+ Q
j
(5 - 2)
+ Q
brut i 1
: Lu lng u on knh th i.
+ Q
j
: Tng lu lng phn phi vo cc knh cp di cui on knh th
i.
- Q
tt i
: Lu lng tn tht trn on knh th i.
Q
tti
= S.L
i
=
1 m
neti
i
A.Q
.L
100

(5 - 3)
+ S: Tn tht trn 1 (km) chiu di knh.
+ L: Chiu di on knh th i.
+ m: Ch s ngm ca t, m = 0,5.
+ A: H s ph thuc vo tnh cht ngm ca t. Tra Bng 9.1 Gio trnh Quy
hoch v thit k h thng thu li tp I trang 298, ng vi m = 0,5 c A = 3,4.
Theo phng n chn Chng IV, h thng ti kh ln, gm c 1 knh
chnh v 17 knh cp 2. Nu lu lng u tt c cc knh cp 2 u c tnh dn
t mt rung ln th khi lng tnh ton rt nhiu v mt thi gian. V vy tu theo
din tch ph trch ca cc knh cp 2 m ta s chia ra thnh cc nhm v tin hnh
tnh nh sau:
Sinh vin thc hin: Trn Nam Hi Lp: 47N1
85
Lp d n u t h thng ti h P1_Phan Thit GVHD: PGS.TS.Phm Ngc Hi
- Nhm 1, cc knh cp 2 c din tch ti 120 (ha):
Gm c cc knh: N
1
v N
2
.
Lu lng u knh c tnh theo cng thc:



cp2
cp2 neti tk i
bruti
i
Q q .
Q
(5 - 4)
Trong :
+
cp2
bruti
Q
: Lu lng cn ly u knh cp 2 th i.
+
cp2
neti
Q
: Lu lng thc cn ca knh cp 2 th i.
+
i
: Din tch ti ca knh th i.
+
i
: H s s dng nc ca knh th i,
i
ph thuc vo din tch ti ca
knh, cho Bng 5 - 1.
- Nhm 2, cc knh cp 2 c din tch ti 120 < 300 (ha):
Gm c cc knh: N
3
, N
7
, N
8,
N
9
, N
13
, N
14
, N
15
, N
16
.
Chn mt knh cp 2 c chiu di, din tch ti tng t, tnh cht t, s
phn b cy trng c trng cho khu ti lm knh cp 2 i din.
Tnh h s s dng nc ca knh cp 2 i din l
i din
.
S dng
i din
ny tnh cho cc knh cp 2 khc.
- Nhm 3, cc knh cp 2 c din tch ti 300 < 500 (ha).
Gm c cc knh: N
4
, N
5
, N
6
, N
10
,N
11
, N
12
.
Lm tng t nh nhm 2.
V knh N
17
cp nc sinh hot nn ta phi tnh ton ring.
III. Tnh lu lng cn ly u knh cp 2:
1. Tnh lu lng cn ly u knh cp 2 thuc nhm 1:
a. Tnh
i din
ca knh cp 2 thuc nhm 1:
Tra Bng 5.1, tng ng vi din tch ph trch ca tng knh trong nhm ta
c:

1
N
0,875
v
2
N
0,85
.
b. Tnh lu lng cn ly u knh cp 2 thuc nhm 1:
Kt qu tnh ton Bng 5.2.
Bng 5.2. Lu lng cn ly ti u knh cp 2 thuc nhm 2
STT Knh cp 2

( ha )

Q
brut
( m
3
/s )
1 N
1
30 0.875 0.04
2 N
2
60 0.85 0.082
2. Tnh lu lng cn ly u knh cp 2 thuc nhm
a. Tnh
i din
ca knh cp 2 thuc nhm 2:
Chn knh N
8
l knh cp 2 i din v knh N
8
c tnh cht t, s phn b cy
trng c trng cho khu ti.
Sinh vin thc hin: Trn Nam Hi Lp: 47N1
86
Lp d n u t h thng ti h P1_Phan Thit GVHD: PGS.TS.Phm Ngc Hi
S b tr knh cp 3 ca N
8
nh hnh v.
Knh N
8
c chiu di 3150 ( m ), din tch ti = 240 (ha).
tnh lu lng cn ly u knh
8
N
brut
Q
= Q
A
phi tnh dn t cui knh ln
theo cng thc (5 - 1).
N8
3150 ( m )
N
8

-

1
N
8

-

2
N
8

-

3
N
8

-

4
N
8

-

5
N
8

-

6
N
8

-

7
N
8

-

8
N
8

-

9
N
8

-

1
0
A B C D E F G H I K
y coi cc knh cp 3 c din tch ti bng nhau v bng:

cp 3
=
8
N
240
24
10 10

(ha).
Vi
cp 3
= 24 (ha), ta tra theo Bng 5 - 1 h s s dng nc ca knh cp 3
l:
cp 3
= 0,86.
Lu lng cn ly u mi knh cp 3 l:

3
tk cp3 cp3
brut
cp3
q .
1,16.10 .24
Q 0,0324
0,86
(m
3
/s).
Kt qu tnh ton
8
N
brut
Q
ph lc 5 - 1.
H s s dng nc ca knh cp 2 i din :


8
8
8
N 3
tk N
net
idin N
A brut
q .
Q 1,16.10 .240
0,76
Q 0,367 Q
.
S dng
i din
= 0,76 tnh lu lng cn ly ti u knh cho cc knh cp
2 khc trong nhm 2.
b. Tnh lu lng cn ly u knh cp 2 thuc nhm 2:
Kt qu tnh ton ph lc 5 - 2.
3. Tnh lu lng cn ly u knh cp 2 thuc nhm 3:
a. Tnh
i din
ca knh cp 2 thuc nhm 3:
Chn knh N
11
l knh cp 2 i din.
S b tr knh cp 3 ca N
8
nh hnh v.
Sinh vin thc hin: Trn Nam Hi Lp: 47N1
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Lp d n u t h thng ti h P1_Phan Thit GVHD: PGS.TS.Phm Ngc Hi
N11
3250 ( m)
N
1
1

-

1
N
1
1

-

2
N
1
1

-

3
N
1
1

-

4
N
1
1

-

5
N
1
1

-

6
N
1
1

-

7
N
1
1

-

9
I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X
N
1
1

-

8
N
1
1

-

1
0
tnh lu lng cn ly u knh
11
N
brut
Q
= Q
I
ta cng phi tnh dn t cui
knh ln theo cng thc (5 - 1).
y coi cc knh cp 3 c din tch ti bng nhau v bng:

cp 3
=
11
N
340
34
10 10

(ha).
Vi
cp 3
= 34 (ha), ta tra theo Bng 5 - 1 h s s dng nc ca knh cp 3
l:
cp 3
= 0,885.
Lu lng cn ly u mi knh cp 3 l:

3
tk cp3 cp3
brut
cp3
q .
1,16.10 .40
Q 0,0446
0,85
(m
3
/s).
Kt qu tnh ton
8
N
brut
Q
ph lc 5 - 3.
H s s dng nc ca knh cp 2 i din:


8
8
8
N 3
tk N
net
idin N
A brut
q .
Q 1,16.10 .340
0,79
Q 0,498 Q
.
S dng
i din
= 0,79 tnh lu lng cn ly ti u knh cho cc knh cp
2 khc trong nhm 3.
b. Tnh lu lng cn ly u knh cp 2 thuc nhm 3:
Kt qu tnh ton ph lc 5 - 4.
IV. Tnh lu lng cn ly u knh chnh:
p dng cng thc (5 - 1), tnh dn t cui knh v u knh.
Kt qu tnh ton ph lc 5 - 5.
H s s dng nc ca h thng:


3
tk ht
ht
brut
q . 1,16.10 .4200
0,62
Q 7,863
(5- 7)
Sinh vin thc hin: Trn Nam Hi Lp: 47N1
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Lp d n u t h thng ti h P1_Phan Thit GVHD: PGS.TS.Phm Ngc Hi
5.2.3.2. Tnh ton qu trnh lu lng u h thng
Lu lng cn ly vo u h thng thay i khi h s ti thay i.
Khi lu lng thc cn thay i, h s s dng nc cng thay i. Do cn
phi tnh li h s s dng nc ca h thng.
H s s dng nc khi lu lng thc cn thay i c tnh theo cng thc:
m
m
ht
1
1

(5 - 8)
Trong :
-

: H s s dng nc ca h thng khi lu lng thc cn thay i.
-
ht
: H s s dng nc ca h thng trc khi lu lng thc cn thay i,
nh tnh trn c
ht
= 0,62.
- : T s gia lu lng thc cn sau khi thay i v lu lng thc cn
trc khi thay i.
' ' '
net ht
net tk ht tk
Q q. q
Q q . q

(5 - 9)
- m: Ch s ngm ca t, m = 0,5.
Lu lng cn ly u h thng khi h s ti thay i c xc nh theo
cng thc:
Q
brut
=
' '
net ht
Q q.


(5 - 10)
Kt qu tnh ton ph lc 5 - 6.
5.3. Tnh ton mc nc yu cu khng ch ti t chy u h thng
yc

5.3.1. Mc ch, ngha
1. Mc ch:
Tnh ton mc nc yu cu khng ch ti t chy lm c s la chn mc
nc cht ca h cha, m bo yu cu ly nc t chy.
2. ngha:
Mc nc yu cu khng ch ti t chy c ngha quan trng c v kinh t
v k thut. Nu
yc
qu ln s lm tng quy m kch thc cng trnh, tng khi
lng o p, khng kinh t. Nu yc qu nh, din tch ti t chy s nh, cng
trnh khng pht huy c ht kh nng.
5.3.2. Ni dung tnh ton
Tnh ton
yc
ch yu phc v cho vic la chn mc nc cht ca h cha,
do khng phi xc nh
yc
ti u cc knh nhnh m ch s b xc nh yc ti
h thng.
Mc nc khng ch ti t chy u h thng c xc nh theo cng thc:
Sinh vin thc hin: Trn Nam Hi Lp: 47N1
89
Lp d n u t h thng ti h P1_Phan Thit GVHD: PGS.TS.Phm Ngc Hi

yc
= A
0
+ h +
n m
i
i 1 i 1
i.l

+
(5 - 11)
Trong :
- A
0
: Cao trnh mt rung yu cu ti t chy (m).
Vic chn A
0
c nh hng ln i vi
yc
. Do , khi chn A
0
tnh ton
phi so snh iu kin kinh t v k thut quy m kch thc cng trnh hp l.
Thng chn A0 v tr bt li, c th l im xa nht i vi a hnh bng
phng, c th l im gn nht i vi a hnh dc.
Khu ti P1 c a hnh dc, cao t 10 60 (m), vng u knh chnh i qua
c cao mt t ln ti 65 (m). Tuy nhin, din tch c cao t 60 65 (m) rt nh
so vi din tch ton b khu ti. Do , khng ch ti t chy phn ln din tch
khu ti m quy m kch cng trnh hp l phi chn A
0
= 60 (m).
- h: su lp nc mt rung ln nht theo cng thc ti tng sn i vi
la (m), h = 70 (mm) = 0,07 (m).
-
n
i 1
i.l

: Tng tn tht ct nc dc ng, tnh t im A


0
n im tnh ton

yc
.
+ i: dc knh.
+ l: Chiu di knh tnh t im A
0
n im tnh ton
yc
.
Trong trng hp ny, khong cch t im A
0
n im tnh ton rt nh nn
b qua
n
i 1
i.l

.
-
m
i
i 1

: Tng tn tht ct nc cc b qua cc cng trnh trn knh, bao gm


cng ly nc u knh, cng iu tit v cc cng trnh vt chng ngi vt nh cu
mng, xi phng, cng lun.... nu c.
Trong trng hp ny, khong cch t im A
0
n cng ly nc u knh
chnh rt nh nn c th coi tn tht cc b l nh v b qua.
Thay cc gi tr trn vo (5 - 11) ta c:

yc
= 60 + 0,07 + 0 +0 = 60,07 (m).
5.4. Tnh ton iu tit h
5.4.1. Mc ch, ngha
1. Mc ch:
iu tit h lm thay i trng thi t nhin ca dng chy sng ngi cho ph
hp vi cc yu cu v nc bng cch tr li lng nc tha trong cc thi k tha
nc s dng khi thiu nc.
Sinh vin thc hin: Trn Nam Hi Lp: 47N1
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Lp d n u t h thng ti h P1_Phan Thit GVHD: PGS.TS.Phm Ngc Hi
Tnh ton iu tit h nhm mc ch xc nh cc thnh phn dung tch ca h
cha m bo c th p ng cc nhu cu v nc v vn u t xy dng cng trnh
l nh nht.
II. ngha:
Tnh ton iu tit h c ngha quan trng v kinh t v k thut. Tnh ton
khng hp l cng trnh s hot ng khng hiu qu, khng m bo cp nc theo
yu cu v c th gy mt an ton trong qu trnh s dng. Nhng nu tnh ton cc
thng s ca cng trnh qu ln s gy lng ph vn u t.
5.4.2. Ni dung tnh ton
- Tnh cao trnh mc nc cht v dung tch cht.
- Tnh ton mc nc dng bnh thng v dung tch hiu qu.
- Tnh ton iu tit l xc nh chiu rng trn v chiu cao nh p.
5.4.2.1. Tnh cao trinh mc nc cht v dung tch cht
I. Khi nim mc nc cht v dung tch cht:
- Dung tch cht thng k hiu l V
c
, l b phn dung tch cui cng ca h
cha, khng tham gia vo qu trnh iu tit dng chy m c nhim v tr li lng
bn ct trong sut thi gian hot ng ca cng trnh.
- Mc nc cht thng k hiu l H
c
, l mc nc tng ng vi dung tch
cht V
c
.
II. Mc ch, ngha:
1. Mc ch:
Tnh cao trnh mc nc cht v dung tch cht nhm mc ch cha c
lng bn ct lng ng trong thi gian hot ng ca cng trnh.
Mt khc, tu theo nhim v iu tit ca h cha m mc nc cht v dung
tch cht phi tho mn cc yu cu khc nh : m bo cao trnh ti t chy, m
bo ct nc ti thiu cho vic pht in, m bo yu cu v giao thng thu, v du
lch....
2. ngha:
- Mc nc cht v dung tch cht khng hp l s khng cha c lng bn
ct lng ng trong thi gian hot ng ca cng trnh, gy bi lp ca ly nc, lm
gim tui th cng trnh.
- Mc nc cht v dung tch cht qu ln s lm tng quy m kch thc ca
cng trnh, tng din tch ngp lt thng lu v tng vn u t cho cng trnh.
III. Nguyn tc la chn mc nc cht v dung tch cht:
Dung tch cht v mc nc cht phi tho mn cc yu cu sau:
1. Bn ct:
Dung tch cht v mc nc cht phi cha c ht lng bn ct lng ng
trong h cha trong thi gian hot ng ca cng trnh, tc l:
V
c
V
b
.T (5 - 12)
Sinh vin thc hin: Trn Nam Hi Lp: 47N1
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Lp d n u t h thng ti h P1_Phan Thit GVHD: PGS.TS.Phm Ngc Hi
Trong :
- V
b
: Th tch bi lng hng nm ca bn ct.
- T: S nm hot ng ca cng trnh u mi (tui th cng trnh).
2. Mc nc yu cu khng ch ti t chy:
i vi h cha c nhim v iu tit phc v ti rung, mc nc cht
khng c nh hn cao trnh mc nc khng ch ti t chy:
H
c

yc
+ Z (5 - 13)
Trong :
-
yc
: Mc nc khng ch ti t chy u h thng ti.
- Z: Tn tht t u cng ngm n cui cng ngm, chn s b Z = 0,5
(m).
3. Yu cu pht in:
i vi cc nh my thu in, mc nc cht v dung tch cht phi c la
chn sao cho m bo c ct nc ti thiu cho vic pht in v m bo khng
pht sinh hin tng kh thc.
4. Yu cu giao thng thy:
i vi giao thng thy, mc nc cht phi l mc nc ti thiu cho tu b
i li bnh thng.
5. Yu cu v du lch v bo v mi trng:
Mc nc cht v dung tch cht phi m bo yu cu ti thiu cho du lch v
yu cu v sinh thng lu v h lu h cha.
Trong cc yu t trn th bn ct l yu t u tin la chn mc nc cht
v dung tch cht. Trong trng hp c nhiu yu cu cn phi p ng, vic la chn
mc nc cht v dung tch cht phi kt hp tt c cc yu cu, thng qua phn tch
hiu qu kinh t, k thut la chn cho hp l, nhm p ng cao nht cc yu cu
.
H cha P1 c nhim v chnh l cp nc ti, do mc nc cht v dung
tch cht c xc nh theo 2 iu kin l bn ct v mc nc yu cu khng ch
ti t chy.
IV. Ni dung tnh ton:
1. Theo iu kin bi lng:
Theo iu kin v bn ct tnh c
I
c
V
tho mn iu kin (5 - 12):
I
c
V
V
b
.T
Trong :
- V
b
: Th tch bi lng hng nm ca h cha.
Theo kt qu tnh ton Chng II c: V
b
= 42465,15 (m
3
).
T: Tui th cng trnh, ph thuc vo cp cng trnh. Vi cng trnh cp III tra
Bng 7.1 - TCXDVN 285 - 2002 c: T = 75 (nm).
Suy ra:
Sinh vin thc hin: Trn Nam Hi Lp: 47N1
92
Lp d n u t h thng ti h P1_Phan Thit GVHD: PGS.TS.Phm Ngc Hi
I
c
V
42465,15.75 = 3,185.10
6
(m
3
).
Chn
I
c
V
= 3,2.10
6
(m
3
).
ng vi
I
c
V
= 3,2.10
6
(m
3
), tra trn ng qua h (Z ~ V) c mc nc cht
l:
I
c
H
= 69,5 (m).
2. Theo iu kin khng ch ti t chy:
Mc nc cht
II
c
H
xc nh theo iu kin khng ch ti t chy phi tho
mn iu kin (5 - 13):
II
c
H

yc
+ Z
Vi:
yc
= 60,07 (m) v Z = 0,5 (m).
Suy ra:
II
c
H
60,07 + 0,5 = 60,57 (m).
Chn
II
c
H
= 61 (m).
Kt hp 2 iu kin, xc nh c mc nc cht:
H
c
= max (
I
c
H
,
II
c
H
) = max (69,5 ; 61) = 69,5 (m).
Dung tch cht ng vi mc nc cht H
c
= 69,5 (m) l V
c
= 3,638 (10
6
m
3
).
5.4.2.2. Tnh ton mc nc dng bnh thng v dung tch hiu qu
I. Khi nim dung tch hiu dng v mc nc dng bnh thng:
- Dung tch hiu dng thng k hiu l V
hd
, l b phn dung tch nm pha trn
dung tch cht, c nhim v iu tit cp nc hoc to u nc cho nh my thu
in. V ma l, nc c tch vo phn dung tch V
hd
b sung nc dng cho
thi k ma kit khi nc n khng cp cho cc h dng nc.
- Mc nc dng bnh thng k hiu l H
bt
, l cao trnh gii hn trn ca b
phn dung tch hiu dng. H
bt
c tra trn quan h (Z ~ V) ng vi dung tch h
cha: V
h
= V
c
+ V
hd
.
II. Mc ch, ngha:
1. Mc ch:
Tnh ton dung tch hiu dng nhm mc ch tm ra lng nc cn tr, m
bo p ng c yu cu nc ca cc h dng nc trong ma kit. ng thi cng
l c s xc nh quy m, kch thc cng trnh v c s vn hnh cng trnh
hiu qu v an ton.
2. ngha:
Dung tch hiu dng l b phn dung tch quan trng to nn hiu ch cng
trnh. V
hd
qu nh s khng m bo vic cp nc theo ng yu cu, V
hd
qu ln s
lm tng chiu cao p v din tch ngp lt thng lu, ko theo vic tng kinh ph
u t xy dng.
Mc nc dng bnh thng cng c ngha rt quan trng. Nu mc nc
trong h ln hn H
bt
th phi tho b. Nu n thi k kit m mc nc trong h vn
Sinh vin thc hin: Trn Nam Hi Lp: 47N1
93
Lp d n u t h thng ti h P1_Phan Thit GVHD: PGS.TS.Phm Ngc Hi
cha ln ti H
bt
l c nguy c thiu nc, do phi c k hoch s dng nc hp l
nhm hn ch thp nht thit hi do thiu nc gy ra.
III. Nguyn tc xc nh dung tch hiu dng v mc nc dng bnh thng:
- V k thut: Dung tch hiu dng V
hd
phi p ng c ti a nhu cu s
dng nc ca cc ngnh kinh t, ng thi khng c vt qu iu kin cho php
v ngp lt thng lu hoc iu kin v a cht v cc iu kin k thut khc
khng cho php p qu cao.
p ng c nhu cu s dng nc th: V
hd
V


Vi V

: Tng th tch nc thiu trong thi k thiu nc.


- V mt kinh t: V
hd
phi m bo vn u t xy dng cng trnh l nh nht.
Tc l tng cc chi ph bao gm : Chi ph cho xy dng cng trnh, chi ph vn hnh,
chi ph n b thit hi do ngp lt thng lu....phi nh nht v trong iu kin kinh
t cho php.
Kt hp c hai iu kin trn, thng chn V
hd
= V

v qua phn tch cc iu


kin k thut v a cht, a hnh.... la chn c dung tch hiu dng v mc
nc dng bnh thng hp l nht.
IV. Phng php tnh ton:
Hin nay c hai phng php tnh ton iu tit dng chy l : Phng php
trnh t thi gian v phng php thng k.
1. Phng php trnh t thi gian:
Phng php ny gi thit dng chy n trong tng lai lp li hon ton nh
qu kh, t so snh vi biu dng nc tnh ton iu tit. Khi tnh ton cn
bng nc li chia ra phng php lp bng v phng php gii.
2. Phng php thng k:
Phng php ny gi thit dng chy trong tng lai l mt i lng ngu
nhin, nm trong cng mt tng th vi dng chy qu kh. T tm c quy lut
phn phi xc sut v xc nh c nhng t hp bt li nht (v d nh nhng nm
t nc nht ng cnh nhau), so snh vi yu cu dng nc s tnh ton ra dung tch
hiu dng ng vi mc bo m cp nc P.
Phng php thng k ch yu c s dng cho cc kho nc iu tit nhiu
nm.
V. Cc ti liu dng trong tnh ton:
1. c trng a hnh ca h cha: ph lc 5 - 7.
2. Phn phi dng chy nm thit k:
Phn phi dng chy nm thit k sng Quao v sng an Sch ph lc 5 -
8
3. Phn phi bc hi ph thm:
Theo kt qu tnh ton Chng II, ta c phn phi bc hi ph thm nh ph
lc 5 - 9.
4. Yu cu cp nc:
Sinh vin thc hin: Trn Nam Hi Lp: 47N1
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Lp d n u t h thng ti h P1_Phan Thit GVHD: PGS.TS.Phm Ngc Hi
Ngoi vic cp nc ti cho 4200 (ha), h P1 cn c nhim v cp nc sinh
hot cho thnh ph Phan Thit vi lu lng Q
sh
= 0,476 (m
3
/s) qua knh cp 2 N
17
. V
vy trong thi gian ngh ti, knh chnh v knh cp 2 N
17
vn phi hot ng.
a. Tnh lu lng yu cu trong thi gian ngh ti:
yc
sh
Q
= Q
sh
+ Q
tt
(5 - 14)
Trong :
- Q
sh
: Lu lng cp nc sinh hot (m
3
/s).
- Q
tt
: Lu lng tn tht dc ng trn ng knh chnh v knh N
17
.
Q
tt
=
1 m
sh
A.Q
.L
100

(5 - 15)
Vi:
+ L: Tng chiu di knh chnh v knh N
17
.
L = 26,478 + 3,21 = 29,688 (km).
+ A v m l cc ch s ph thuc vo tnh cht ngm ca t.
A = 3,4 v m = 0,5.
Suy ra: Q
tt
=
1 0,5
3, 4.0, 476
.29, 688 0, 696
100

(m
3
/s).
Vy:
yc
sh
Q
= 0,476 + 0,696 = 1,172 (m
3
/s).
b. Lng nc yu cu tng thng ca h thng c xc nh theo cng thc:
W
yci
=
n
ycj j
j 1
Q .t

(5 - 16)
Trong :
- W
yci
: Lng nc yu cu ca thng th i (m
3
).
- Q
ycj
: Lu lng yu cu th j, c xc nh theo qu trnh lu lng yu cu
u h thng Bng 5.8 v nhng ngy ngh ti Q
ycj
=
yc
sh
Q
= 1,172 (m
3
/s).
- t
j
: Thi gian c lu lng yu cu l Q
ycj
.
Kt qu tnh ton lng nc yu cu tng thng ph lc 5 - 10.
5. Mc nc cht v dung tch cht:
Theo kt qu tnh ton phn trn:
- Mc nc cht: H
c
= 69,5 (m).
- Dung tch cht: V
c
= 3,638 (10
6
m
3
).
VI. Ni dung tnh ton:
H P1 l h iu tit nm, nn em chn phng php lp bng tnh ton
dung tch hiu dng ca h cha.
Tin hnh iu tit nm theo phng php lp bng l dng cch lp bng so
snh lng nc dng v lng nc n. Nguyn l c bn ca phng php ny l
tin hnh cn bng lng nc trong kho, em chia ton b thi k tnh ton ra mt s
thi on, y l 12 thi on ng vi 12 thng ca nm.
Sinh vin thc hin: Trn Nam Hi Lp: 47N1
95
Lp d n u t h thng ti h P1_Phan Thit GVHD: PGS.TS.Phm Ngc Hi
Do h P1 ch yu phc v ti cho nng nghip nn trong tnh ton iu tit ta
tnh ton iu tit h theo phng n tr sm.
1. Xc nh dung tch hiu dng V
hd
khi cha k tn tht:
Kt qu tnh ton th hin ph lc 5 - 11.
Gi tr trong cc ct nh sau:
- Ct (1): Th t cc thng xp theo nm thu vn.
- Ct (2): S ngy trong thng.
- Ct (3): Tng lng nc n trong tng thng:
W
n
= Q
i
.t
i
.86400
+ Q
i
: Lu lng n thng th i (m
3
/s) cho ph lc 5 - 8.
+ t
i
: S ngy ca thng th i.
- Ct (4): Tng lng nc dng ca tng thng ly ph lc 5 - 10.
- Ct (5): Lng nc tha hng thng khi W
n
> W
yc
: (5) = (3) - (4).
- Ct (6): Lng nc thiu hng thng ca thi k thiu nc khi W
n
> W
yc
(6) = (4) - (3)
T Bng 5.13 ph lc 5 - 11 cho thy h c hnh thc iu tit 1 ln. Do ,
tng cng (6) s c dung tch nc cn tr (

V ) m bo cp nc trong thi k
thiu nc v chnh l dung tch hiu dng cha k tn tht: V
hd
= 89,479.10
6
(m
3
).
- Ct (7): Qu trnh lng nc c trong h (k t mc nc cht). Khi tch
nc ti mt thi im, gi tr dung tch nc trong h ct (7) l lu tch cc gi tr
ct (6) nhng ch khng vt qu gi tr V
hd
. Trong trng hp lng nc tch
trong h t gi tr V
hd
th lng nc x tha c ghi ct (8) bng lng nc lu
tch tr i V
hd
.
Dung tch h cha (k c dung tch cht v dung tch hiu dng ):
V
bt
= 3,638.10
6
+ 89,479.10
6
= 93,117.10
6
(m
3
)
2. Xc nh dung tch hiu dng V
h
khi k ti tn tht ca h cha:
Kt qu tnh ph lc 5 - 12, ph lc 5 - 13, ph lc 5 - 14.
Gii thch bng tnh iu tit h khi c k ti tn tht ca h cha nh sau:
- Ln tnh th 2:
+ Ct (1): Th t cc thng sp xp theo nm thu vn.
+ Ct (2): Dung tch kho nc cui mi thi on tnh ton, bng ct (7) ca
ph lc 5 - 11 cng vi dung tch cht. Khi kho nc bt u tch nc, trong thit k
thng gi thit trc tho cn n mc nc cht H
c
, lc dung tch kho
chnh l dung tch cht V
c
.
+ Ct (3): Dung tch bnh qun trong h cha.
+

u cui
i
V V
V
2
Trong : V
u
v V
cui
ln lt l dung tch kho u v cui thi on tnh
ton.
Sinh vin thc hin: Trn Nam Hi Lp: 47N1
96
Lp d n u t h thng ti h P1_Phan Thit GVHD: PGS.TS.Phm Ngc Hi
+ Ct (4): Din tch mt nc h, tra t quan h (F ~ V) theo quan h ng
c tnh lng h.
+ Ct (5): Bc hi ph thm ca thng th i.
+ Ct (6): Tn tht bc hi ph thm ca thng th i.
W
bi
= Z
i
.F
hi
+ Ct (7): Tn tht do thm thng th i.
W
ti
= k.
i
V
Vi k l tiu chun thm trong kho nc, da vo iu kin a cht lng h P1
ta chn k = 7.
+ Ct (8): Lng tn tht tng cng.
W
tti
= W
bi
+W
ti
+ Ct (9): Tng lng nc n ca tng thng.
+ Ct (10): Lng nc dng hng thng khi k n tn tht, bng lng nc
dng hng thng khi cha k tn tht ct (4) trong ph lc 5- 11 cng vi lng nc
tn tht ct (8).
+ Ct (11): Lng nc tha hng thng.
Ct (11) = Ct (9) - Ct (10)
+ Ct (12): Lng nc thiu hng thng ca thi k thiu nc.
Ct (12) = Ct (10) - Ct (9)
+ Ct (13): Qu trnh lng nc trong h.
+ Ct (14): Lng nc x tha.
- Ln tnh iu tit tip theo: Lm hon ton tng t ln 2.
Ch : Ct (2) ca nhng ln tip theo bng ct (13) ca ln tnh trc n.
- Tnh sai s gia hai ln tnh dung tch hiu dng theo cng thc:
V ( % ) =

n n 1
hd hd
n
hd
V V
.100%
V
Trong :
+
n
h
V
: Dung tch hiu dng ca ln tnh th n.
+
n 1
h
V
: Dung tch hiu dng ca ln tnh th n - 1.
- T kt qu tnh ton iu tit h cc ph lc ca cc ln tnh iu tit h, ta
tnh c V (%) gia ln tnh iu tit ln th 3 v th 4 c kt qu nh sau:
V (%) =

6 6
6
92,935.10 92.929.10
.100%
92.935.10
= 0,006%.
Vi sai s V = 0,006% nh tnh trn ta nhn thy sai s gia hai ln tnh
th 3 v th 4 l rt nh nn khng cn thit tnh iu tit h ln tip theo.
Vy dung tch hiu dng ca h cha cn tm l: V
hd
= 92,935.10
6
(m
3
).
- Dung tch ng vi mc nc dng bnh thng:
V
h
= V
c
+ V
hd
= 3,638.10
6
+ 92,935.10
6
= 96,573.10
6
(m
3
).
Sinh vin thc hin: Trn Nam Hi Lp: 47N1
97
Lp d n u t h thng ti h P1_Phan Thit GVHD: PGS.TS.Phm Ngc Hi
- T quan h c trng a hnh lng h ta tra ra mc nc dng bnh thng v
din tch mt nc h tng ng l :
+ H
bt
= 93 (m).
+ F = 7,613 (km
2
).
5.4.2.3. Tnh ton iu tit l xc nh chiu rng trn v chiu cao nh p
I. Khi nim dung tch siu cao v mc nc siu cao:
- Dung tch siu cao (V
sc
): L phn dung tch nm pha trn dung tch hiu
dng. Dung tch siu cao c nhim v tch mt phn nc l gim lu lng tho
xung h lu nhm gim quy m v kch thc cng trnh tho l.
- Mc nc siu cao (H
sc
): L mc nc khng ch ton b phn dung tch h
cha bao gm dung tch cht, dung tch hiu dng v dung tch siu cao.
H
sc
c tra t quan h (Z ~ V) ng vi V
h
= V
c
+ V
hd
+ V
sc
.
II. Mc ch, ngha ca tnh ton iu tit l:
1. Mc ch:
Tnh ton iu tit l nhm mc ch thng qua tnh ton tm ra cc bin
php phng l thch hp v c hiu qu nht, ng thi xc nh dung tch phng l
cn thit ca kho nc, xc nh quy m kch thc ca trn x l v xc nh chiu
cao ct nc trn nh trn xc nh chiu cao p.
2. ngha:
Tnh ton iu tit l c ngha quan trng l xc nh ra quy m kch thc
hp l ca trn x l. Trn x l hp l khi thot l kp thi, m bo an ton cho h
du, ng thi tng kinh ph u t cho xy dng trn, xy dng p v chi ph n b
ngp lt thng lu l nh nht.
III. Xc nh chiu rng kinh t ca trn x l:
1. Phng php tnh ton iu tit l:
Hin nay, c nhiu phng php tnh ton iu tit l nh: Phng php th
dn, phng php Ptapp, phng php Runge-Kutta, phng php Kotrerin....Trong
n ny em chn phng php Kotrerin tnh ton, vi ni dung tnh ton nh sau:
- Gi thit qu trnh l n c dng tam gic, ng qu trnh l l ng thng.
Lu lng x l ln nht c xc nh theo cng thc sau:
q
max
= Q
max
.
m
L
V
1
W
_


,
(5 - 17)
Trong :
+ q
max
: Lu lng x l ln nht.
+ Q
max
: Lu lng nh l thit k.
Sinh vin thc hin: Trn Nam Hi Lp: 47N1
98
Lp d n u t h thng ti h P1_Phan Thit GVHD: PGS.TS.Phm Ngc Hi
Theo kt qu tnh ton Chng II: Q
max
= 2895,62 (m
3
/s).
+ V
L
: Tng lng l thit k.
Theo kt qu tnh ton Chng II: V
L
= W
mp
= 54,2 (m
3
).
+ V
m
: Dung tch phng l ca h cha.
Q
t
Qm a x
Vm
qm a x
( Q ~ t )
( q ~ t )
t ' T
- Gi thit trn x l l trn khng ca van, chy t do, cao trnh ngng trn
bng cao trnh mc nc dng bnh thng. Phng trnh lu lng qua p trn thc
dng c dng:
q
trn
= q
max
= m. .
3/2
0
2.g.H
(5 - 18)
Trong :
+ m: H s lu lng; m = 0,35.
+ : Chiu rng trn nc.
+ g: Gia tc trng trng; g = 9,81 (m/s
2
).
+ H
0
: Ct nc trn c k n lu tc ti gn.
c xc nh theo cng thc:
H
0
= H
trn
+
2
o
.V
2.g

(5 - 19)
Vi: H l ct nc trn qua p, H = H
trn
, b qua lu tc ti gn ta c H
trn
= H.
2. Phng php tnh ton (
kt
~ H
trn
):
- Coi mc nc trc l bng mc nc dng bnh thng H
bt
= 93 (m).
- H hai phng trnh:
+ q
max
= Q
max
.
m
L
V
1
W
_


,
(1)
+ q
max
= m. .
3/2
trn
2.g.H
(2)
C 3 n s l B
trn
, H
trn
, q
max
v V
m
li ph thuc vo H
trn
nn phi gii bi ton
theo phng php th ng dn theo trnh t nh sau:
+ Gi thit q
max
.
Sinh vin thc hin: Trn Nam Hi Lp: 47N1
99
Lp d n u t h thng ti h P1_Phan Thit GVHD: PGS.TS.Phm Ngc Hi
+ Thay q
max
vo phng trnh (1) xc nh V
m
. Ta tnh c dung tch siu
cao ng vi V
m
theo cng thc:
sc
V
= V
kho
+ V
m
(5 - 20)
T
sc
V
tra quan h (V ~ Z) tm c H
sc
, t tnh c H
trn
theo cng thc:
H
trn
= H
sc
-
ngng trn
(5 - 21)
+ Sau khi c q
max
v H
trn
vo phng trnh (2) ta xc nh c chiu rng trn
theo cng thc sau:
B
trn
=
max
3/2
trn
q
0,35. 2.g.H
(5 - 22)
y ta gi thit cc gi tr ca q
max
s tm ra cc gi tr
trn
v H
trn
tng
ng, sau v th quan h (B
trn
~ H
trn
).
Kt qu tnh ton xc nh quan h (
trn
~ H
trn
) ph lc 5 - 15.
T kt qu tnh ton ph lc 5 - 15 ta v c ng quan h (
trn
~ H
trn
).
Quan h B
tr
~ H
tr
0.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
0.0 20.0 40.0 60.0 80.0 100.0
B
tr
( m )
H
tr
( m )
3. La chn
kt
:
Qua vic tnh ton v v quan h (
trn
~ H
trn
) ta rt ra nhn xt nh sau:
- Nu
trn
ln th H
trn
nh, khi vn u t xy dng trn K
trn
ln nhng
vn u t xy dng p v n b do ngp lt thng lu K
p + ngp lt
nh.
- Nu
trn
nh th H
trn
ln, khi vn u t xy dng trn K
trn
nh nhng
vn u t xy dng p v n b do ngp lt thng lu K
p + ngp lt
li ln.
-
kt
l
trn
c tng vn u t xy dng p, trn v n b ngp lt thng
lu nh nht.
- chn
kt
, ta v trn cng mt h trc to cc quan h sau: (K
trn
~

trn
), (K
p
~
trn
) v (K
ngp TL
~
trn
).
Cng cc quan h c quan h (K
trn + p + ngp lt
~
trn
), tm trn quan h
ny ta c cp gi tr (K
min
;
kt
).
Sinh vin thc hin: Trn Nam Hi Lp: 47N1
100
Lp d n u t h thng ti h P1_Phan Thit GVHD: PGS.TS.Phm Ngc Hi
K
Kmin
Kp ~BTrn
KNgplt th nglu ~BTrn
KTrn ~BTrn
KTrn+p+ ngpltth nglu ~BTrn
BTrn Bkt
Tuy nhin trong thc t nu lm nh trn s rt phc tp do thng chn b
theo a hnh khu vc nh sau:
Htrn ( m)
Btrn ( m)
( 2 )
( 1 )
- Trn quan h (
trn
~ H
trn
) c hai im (1) v (2), t im (2) tr ln H
trn
tng rt nhanh nhng
trn
gim rt t. T im (1) tr xung,
trn
tng rt nhanh
nhng H
trn
gim rt t.
+ Nu v tr xy dng trn c a hnh hp th chn
kt
=
2
.
+ Nu v tr xy dng trn c a hnh m rng c th chn
kt
=
1
.
Do a hnh lng h cng ln cao cng rng nhanh hn, nn khi ct nc trn
H
trn
ch tng ln mt lng rt nh th dung tch phng l V
m
ca h tng ln kh
ln, v vy lu lng x l gim i rt nhiu v chiu rng ng trn m bo x
c lu lng cng gim i rt nhiu.
l nguyn nhn khin ng quan h (
trn
~ H
trn
) rt thoi.
Theo phng n xut Chng IV, trn c t vai phi ca p chnh
nhnh II l ni c th m rng ng trn d dng. Nhng do ct nc trn tng
khng ng k nn em chn
trn
= 65 (m) tit kim kinh ph u t xy dng
ng trn x l.
Vi chiu rng ng trn
trn
= 65 (m) ta xc nh c cc gi tr sau:
- Ct nc trn: H
trn
= 4 (m).
Sinh vin thc hin: Trn Nam Hi Lp: 47N1
101
Lp d n u t h thng ti h P1_Phan Thit GVHD: PGS.TS.Phm Ngc Hi
- Lu lng x ln nht: q
max
= 818 (m
3
/s).
Vy mc nc siu cao ca h cha l:
H
sc
= H
bt
+ H
trn
= 93 + 4 = 97 (m).
IV. Tnh cao trnh nh p:
1. Xc nh cp cng trnh:
a. Theo nng lc phc v:
H thng thu li h P1 c nhim v cp nc cho 4200 ha din tch canh tc,
tra Bng 2.1 - TCXDVN 285 - 2002 c cp cng trnh l cp III.
b.Theo chiu cao p:
xc nh chiu cao p, s b nh cao trnh nh p:
Z

= MNDGC + d (5 - 23)
y c th ly d = 1,5 3 (m), chn d = 1,5 (m) ta c:
Z

= 97 + 1,5 = 98,5 (m).


Da vo bnh tuyn p chnh, xc nh c cao trnh y p l 58 (m).
Vy chiu cao p l:
H

= 98,5 - 58 = 40,5 (m).


Tra Bng 2.2 - TCXDVN 285 - 2002 vi cng trnh p trn nn c chiu
cao 25 (m) < H

< 70 (m) ta c cp cng trnh l cp III.


Kt hp c hai iu kin c cp cng trnh l cp III.
2. Cc ch tiu thit k:
T cp cng trnh l cp III, theo 14TCN 157- 2005 xc nh c tn sut gi
ln nht tnh ton khi xc nh cao trnh nh p l:
- ng vi trng hp mc nc dng bnh thng: P = 4%.
- ng vi trng hp mc nc l thit k: P = 50%.
- Tn sut tnh ton khi xc nh sng leo: P = 1%.
Chiu cao an ton ca p a c xc nh theo 14TCN 157- 2005:
- ng vi MNDBT: a = 0,7 (m).
- ng vi MNDGC: a' = 0,5 (m).
3. Tnh cao trnh nh p:
Cao trinh nh p c tnh ton xc nh theo hai mc nc l mc nc
dng bnh thng (MNDBT) v mc nc siu cao (MNSC). Chn cao trnh nh p
l tr s ln nht trong cc kt qu tnh ton.
a. Tnh cao trnh nh p theo mc nc dng bnh thng:
Z
1
= H
bt
+ h + h
sl
+ a (5 - 24)
Trong :
- H
bt
: Mc nc dng bnh thng, H
bt
= 93 (m).
- a: vt cao an ton ng vi MNDBT, a = 0,7 (m).
- h: dnh do gi ng vi gi tnh ton ln nht.
Xc nh h nh sau:
Sinh vin thc hin: Trn Nam Hi Lp: 47N1
102
Lp d n u t h thng ti h P1_Phan Thit GVHD: PGS.TS.Phm Ngc Hi
h =
2
6
V .D
2.10 . .cos
g.H

(m) (5 - 25)
Trong :
+ V: Vn tc gi tnh ton ln nht ng vi MNDBT, P = 4%, theo s liu trm
Bo Lc V = 22 (m/s).
+ D: sng ng vi MNDBT, D = 2,5 (km) = 2500 (m).
+ g: Gia tc trng trng, g = 9,81 (m/s
2
).
+ H: Chiu su ct nc trc p.
H = H
bt
- Z
y
= 93 - 58 = 35 (m).
+
s
: Gc kp gia trc dc ca h v hng gi.
Tnh cho trng hp bt li nht th
s
=
0
0 , cos
s
= 1.
Thay tt c vo cng thc (5 - 25) ta c:
h =
2
6
22 .2500
2.10 . .1 0,007
9,81.35

(m).
- h
sl
: Chiu cao sng leo (C mc bo m 1%) ng vi gi tnh ton ln nht.
Xc nh h
sl
nh sau:
Theo QPTL C1 - 78, chiu cao sng leo c mc bo m 1% c xc nh
theo cng thc:
h
sl1%
= K
1
.K
2
.K
3
.K
4
.K

.h
s1%
(5 - 26)
Trong :
+ h
s1%
: Chiu cao sng c mc bo m 1%.
Xc nh h
s1%
nh sau:
Gi thit trng hp ang xt l sng nc su: H > 0,5. (5 - 27)
Tnh cc i lng khng th nguyn:
2
g.t g.D
,
V V
.
Trong :
>
g: Gia tc trng trng, g = 9,81 (m/s
2
).
>
t: Thi gian gi thi lin tc, t = 6 (gi) = 21600 (s).
>
V: Vn tc gi tnh ton ln nht ng vi MNDBT, P = 4%: V = 22 (m/s).
>
D: sng ng vi MNDBT, D = 2500 (m).
Suy ra:
2 2
g.t 9,81.21600
9631,64
V 22
g.D 9,81.2500
50,67
V 22

'

Tra th hnh P2 - 1 ( n mn hc thu cng), ng vi ng cong bao pha


trn xc nh c cc i lng khng th nguyn:
2
g.h
V
,
g.
V

.
Sinh vin thc hin: Trn Nam Hi Lp: 47N1
103
Lp d n u t h thng ti h P1_Phan Thit GVHD: PGS.TS.Phm Ngc Hi
Vi
g.t
9631,64
V

tra c:
2
g.h
0,08
V
g.
4
V

'

Vi
2
g.D
50,67
V

tra c:
2
g.h
0,013
V
g.
1,3
V

'

Chn cp tr s nh trong 2 cp tr s tra c:


2
g.h
0,013
V
g.
1,3
V

'

Chiu cao sng trung bnh:


2 2
0,013.V 0,013.22
h 0,64
g 9,81

(m).
Chu k sng trung bnh:
1,3.V 1,3.22
2,92
g 9,81

(s).
Bc sng trung bnh c tnh c tnh theo cng thc:
2
2
g. 9,81.2,92
13,32
2. 2.3,14

(m).
Kim tra li sng nc su theo cng thc (5 - 27):
H = 35 (m) > 0,5. = 0,5.13,32 = 6,66 (m).
Vy gi thit sng nc su trn l ng.
Tnh chiu cao sng c mc bo m 1%:
s1% 1%
h K .h (5 - 28)
K
1%
tra th hnh P2 - 2, ng vi
2
g.D
50,67
V

c: K
1%
= 2,09.
Thay vo (5 - 29) ta c:
s1%
h 2,09.0,64 1,337
(m).
+ K
1
, K
2
: Cc h s ph thuc vo c trng lp gia c mi v nhm tng
i trn mi, tra Bng P2 - 3 ( n mn hc thu cng).
Chn vt liu gia c mi l , = 0,03 (m).
s1%
0,03
0,02
h 13,337


.
Tra Bng P2 - 3 ta c:
1
2
K 0,9
K 0,8

'

+ K
3
: H s ph thuc vn tc gi v h s mi m.
Gi thit m = 4 v vi V = 22 (m/s), tra Bng P2 - 4 ta c: K
3
= 1,5.
+ K
4
: H s ph thuc vo h s mi m v tr s
s1%
h

.
Sinh vin thc hin: Trn Nam Hi Lp: 47N1
104
Lp d n u t h thng ti h P1_Phan Thit GVHD: PGS.TS.Phm Ngc Hi
Vi m = 4 v
s1%
13,32
9,96
h 1,337


tra th P2 - 3 ta c: K
4
= 1,2.
+ K

: H s ph thuc vo gc
s
.
Vi
s
=
o
0 tra Bng P2 - 6 ta c: K

= 1.
Thay tt c vo cng thc (5 - 27) ta c:
h
sl1%
= 0,9.08.1,5.1,2.1.1,337 = 1,733 (m).
Thay s vo cng thc (5 - 24) tnh c:
Z
1
= 93 + 0,007 + 1,733 + 0,7 = 95,44 (m).
b. Tnh cao trnh nh p theo MNDGC:
Z
2
= H
sc
+
'
h +
'
sl
h
+
'
a (5 - 29)
Trong :
- H
sc
: Mc nc dng gia cng, H
sc
= 97 (m).
- a': vt cao an ton ng vi MNDGC, a' = 0,5 (m).
- h': dnh do gi ng vi gi bnh qun ln nht.
Xc nh h' nh sau:
h' =
'2 '
6 '
s '
V .D
2.10 . .cos
g.H

(m) (5 - 30)
Trong :
+ V': Vn tc gi bnh qun ln nht ng vi MNDGC, P = 50%, V' = 16 (m/s)
+ D': sng ng vi MNDGC, D' = 2,8 (km) = 2800 (m).
+ g: Gia tc trng trng, g = 9,81 (m/s
2
).
+ H': Chiu su nc trc p.
H' = H
sc
- Z
y
= 97 - 58 = 39 (m).
+
'
s

: Gc kp gia trc dc ca h v hng gi.


Tnh cho trng hp bt li nht th
' o
s
0
,
'
s
cos 1
.
Thay tt c vo cng thc (5 - 31) ta c:
h' =
2
6
16 .2800
2.10 . .1 0,004
9,81.39

(m).
-
'
sl
h
: Chiu cao sng leo (c mc m bo 1%) ng vi gi bnh qun ln nht.
Xc nh
'
sl
h
nh sau:
Theo QPTL C1 - 78, chiu cao sng leo c mc bo m 1% c xc nh
theo cng thc:
' ' ' ' ' ' '
sl1% 1 2 3 4 s1%
h K .K .K .K .K .h

(5 - 31)
Trong :
+
'
s1%
h
: Chiu cao sng c mc bo m 1%.
'
s1%
h
c xc nh nh sau:
Gi thit trng hp ang xt l sng nc su: H' > 0,5.
'

(5 - 32)
Sinh vin thc hin: Trn Nam Hi Lp: 47N1
105
Lp d n u t h thng ti h P1_Phan Thit GVHD: PGS.TS.Phm Ngc Hi
Tnh cc i lng khng th nguyn:
' '
' '2
g.t g.D
,
V V
.
Trong :
>
g: Gia tc trng trng, g = 9,81 (m/s
2
).
>
t': Thi gian gi thi lin tc, t' = 6 (gi) = 21600 (s).
>
V': Vn tc gi tnh ton ln nht ng vi MNDGC, P = 50%: V' = 16 (m/s).
>
D': sng ng vi MNDGC, D' = 2800 (m).
Suy ra:
'
'
'
'2 2
g.t 9,81.21600
13243,5
V 16
g.D 9,81.2800
107,3
V 16

'

Tra th hnh P2 - 1 ( n mn hc thu cng), ng vi ng cong bao pha


trn xc nh c cc i lng khng th nguyn:
'
'2
g.h
V
,
'
'
g.
V

.
Vi
'
'
g.t
13243,5
V
tra c:
'
'2
'
'
g.h
0,11
V
g.
4,8
V

'

Vi
'
'2
g.D
107,3
V
tra c:
'
'2
'
'
g.h
0,018
V
g.
1,6
V

'

Chn cp tr s nh trong 2 cp tr s tra c:


'
'2
'
'
g.h
0,018
V
g.
1,6
V

'

Chiu cao sng trung bnh:


'2 2
'
0,013.V 0,018.16
h 0,47
g 9,81

(m).
Chu k sng trung bnh:
'
'
1,6.V 1,6.16
2,61
g 9,81

(s).
Bc sng trung bnh c tnh c tnh theo cng thc:
'2
2
'
g. 9,81.2,61
10,64
2. 2.3,14

(m).
Kim tra li sng nc su theo cng thc (5 - 32):
H' = 39,2 (m) > 0,5. = 0,5.10,64 = 5,32 (m).
Vy gi thit sng nc su trn l ng.
Tnh chiu cao sng c mc bo m 1%:
'
' '
s1% 1%
h K .h (5 - 33)
Sinh vin thc hin: Trn Nam Hi Lp: 47N1
106
Lp d n u t h thng ti h P1_Phan Thit GVHD: PGS.TS.Phm Ngc Hi
'
1%
K
tra th hnh P2 - 2, ng vi
'
'2
g.D
107,3
V
c:
'
1%
K
= 2,1.
Thay vo (5 - 34) ta c:
'
s1%
h 2,1.0,47 0,987
(m).
+
'
1
K
,
'
2
K
: Cc h s ph thuc vo c trng lp gia c mi v nhm tng
i trn mi, tra Bng P2 - 3 ( n mn hc thu cng).
Chn vt liu gia c mi l , = 0,03 (m).
'
s1%
0,03
0,0304
h 0,987


.
Tra Bng P2 - 3 ta c:
'
1
'
2
K 0,87
K 0,77

'

+
'
3
K
: H s ph thuc vn tc gi v h s mi m.
Gi thit m = 3,5 v vi V' = 16 (m/s), tra Bng P2 - 4 ta c:
'
3
K
= 1,3.
+
'
4
K
: H s ph thuc vo h s mi m v tr s
'
'
s1%
h

.
Vi m = 3,5 v
'
'
s1%
10,64
10,78
h 0,987

tra th P2 - 3 ta c :
'
4
K
= 1,3.
+
'
K

: H s ph thuc vo gc
'
s

.
Vi
'
s

=
o
0 tra Bng P2 - 6 ta c:
'
K

= 1.
Thay tt c vo cng thc (5 - 32) ta c:
'
sl1%
h 0,87.0,77.1,3.1,3.1.0,987 1,117
(m).
Thay s vo cng thc (5 - 30) tnh c:
Z
2
= 97 + 0,004 + 1,117 + 0,5 = 98,62 (m).
c. Chn cao trnh nh p:
Z

= max (Z
1
; Z
2
) = max (95,44 ; 98,62) = 98,62 (m).
Vy chn Z

= 99 ( m ).
Suy ra chiu cao p: H

= Z

- Z
y
= 99 - 58 = 41 (m).
Sinh vin thc hin: Trn Nam Hi Lp: 47N1
107
Lp d n u t h thng ti h P1_Phan Thit GVHD: PGS.TS.Phm Ngc Hi
PHN IV. THIT K CNG TRNH U MI
CHNG VI. THIT K NG TRN X L
6.1. Mc ch, ngha v ni dung tnh ton
6.1.1. Mc ch, ngha
1. Mc ch: Thit k ng trn x l nhm x lng nc tha trong h cha
khi l n m bo h cha cng nh cc cng trnh trong h thng lm vic bnh
thng v an ton cho thng h lu cng trnh.
2. ngha: Vic thit k trn x l c ngha quan trng c v mt kinh t v
k thut v n quyt nh quy m kch thc cng trnh u mi v vn u t. Ngoi
ra, n cn c ngha c v mt chnh tr, mi trng x hi, con ngi c khu vc
thng lu v h lu h cha.
6.1.2. Ni dung tnh ton
- Xc nh hnh thc trn v cc ti liu dng trong thit k.
- Xc nh cc kch thc c bn ca ng trn.
- Tnh ton thu lc ng trn.
- Xc nh hnh thc v tnh ton tiu nng.
6.2. Cc ti liu tnh ton v hnh thc trn
6.2.1. Cc ti liu dng trong thit k
- Cp cng trnh: H
p
= 41 (m), theo TCXDVN 285 - 2002 cp cng trnh l cp
III.
- Ti liu a hnh ca khu vc xy dng trn.
- Ti liu a cht ca khu vc xy dng trn.
- Ti liu thu vn:
+ Lu lng l: Q
max ( 1% )
= 2895,62 (m
3
/s).
+ Tng lng l: W
max
= 54,2.10
6
(m
3
).
+ Lu lng x: Q
x
= 818 (m
3
/s).
- c trng h cha:
+ Cao trnh mc nc cht : Z
c
= 69,5 (m).
+ Cao trnh mc nc dng bnh thng: Z
bt
= 93 (m).
+ Cao trnh mc nc siu cao: Z
sc
= 97 (m).
6.2.2 Phng n b tr v chn hnh thc trn
1. Phng n b tr:
Da vo iu kin a hnh, iu kin a cht ca khu vc qua phn tch nh
gi la chn tuyn trn nm vai phi ca p chnh on II.
2. Hnh thc trn:
Sinh vin thc hin: Trn Nam Hi Lp: 47N1
108
Lp d n u t h thng ti h P1_Phan Thit GVHD: PGS.TS.Phm Ngc Hi
Hnh thc trn c la chn da trn iu kin kinh t, k thut v nhim v
cng trnh.
Trn x l c hai hnh thc l trn x l c ca van v trn x l khng c ca
van.
- Trn x l c ca van khng ch c cao trnh ngng trn thp hn cao trnh
mc nc dng bnh thng. Khi cn d bo l, quan st mc nc trong h xc
nh thi im m ca trn v iu chnh lu lng tho.
- Trn x l khng c ca van khng ch c cao trnh ngng trn bng cao
trnh mc nc dng bnh thng. Khi mc nc trong h bt u dng ln v cao hn
ngng trn th nc trong h t ng chy xung h lu.
Theo phn b tr phng n trn ta chn ng trn x l khng c ca van
khng ch do gi thnh r hn v vic qun l khai thc cng n gin hn so vi
ng trn x l c ca van khng ch.
T nhng nhn xt nu trn ta chn hnh thc trn nh sau:
- Trn dc, ngng nh rng, khng c ca van.
- Trn c co hp bn sau ngng trn vi dc i = 8%.
- Dc nc c b tr ni tip vi on thu hp sau ngng trn, c dc
khng i i = 8% v c b rng khng i, mt ct ngang dc hnh ch nht.Ni tip
cui dc nc l mi phun tiu nng, tip theo l knh x h lu.
3. Kt cu trn:
Ton b trn: Tng hng dng, ngng trn, dc nc, mi phun u lm
bng b tng ct thp M200.
6.3. Xc nh kch thc trn c bn ca ng trn
ng trn dc bao gm ba b phn chnh: B phn ca vo, ngng trn v
dc nc. Vic xc nh kch thc trn l i xc nh kch thc ca cc b phn
trn.
6.3.1. Tng cnh hng dng
Pha trc ngng trn l sn trc, kt hp vi tng cnh c dng hnh ch
nht mt ct co hp dn, dng dn nc t h cha vo ngng trn.
B phn ca vo c cc thng s nh sau:
- Sn trc c chiu di: L = 15 (m).
- Cao trnh nh tng bng cao trnh nh p: +99 (m).
- Cao trnh y tng bng cao trnh ngng trn: +93 (m).
- Gc m ca tng =
o
20 .
Tng lm bng b tng trng lc M200.
Cc kch thc c bn ca tng nh sau:
Sinh vin thc hin: Trn Nam Hi Lp: 47N1
109
Lp d n u t h thng ti h P1_Phan Thit GVHD: PGS.TS.Phm Ngc Hi
B tngM200
V trn nh p khng yu cu giao thng nn ta khng phi thit k tr pin v
cu giao thng.
6.3.2. Ngng trn
Theo tnh ton Chng V c cc thng s ca trn nh sau:
-
ngng trn
=
MNDBT
= 93 (m).
- Lu lng x ng vi P = 1% l Q
TK
= 818 (m
3
/s).
- B rng trn B
tr
= 65 (m).
- Ct nc trn: H
tr
= 4 (m).
- Chiu cao ngng P = 0 (m).
- Chiu di ngng trn L
tr
, theo QPTL C8 - 76 nu l p trn nh rng th
chiu rng nh ngng trn theo chiu dng chy c chn trong phm vi:
(2 3).H (8 10).H
Vi H l chiu su ct nc trn ngng trn: H = 4 (m).
Nn chn L
tr
= 20 (m) v chn dc y ngng trn i = 0.
6.3.3. Dc nc
Dc nc l loi knh h c dc ln, c xy dng trn nn t hoc ,
ni tip sau ngng trn dn nc xung h lu.
Trong thit k ta phn lm hai on l on dc thu hp v on dc c b rng
dc nc khng i.
Cn c vo a hnh tuyn trn ta chn s b dc nc nh sau:
- Dc nc c mt ct ngang hnh ch nht, h s mi m = 0.
- dc ca dc nc i
d
= 8%.
Sinh vin thc hin: Trn Nam Hi Lp: 47N1
110
Lp d n u t h thng ti h P1_Phan Thit GVHD: PGS.TS.Phm Ngc Hi
- Dc nc c chiu di L
d
= 200 (m) trong c on thu hp c chiu di 25
(m).
- Bn y dc ngc lm bng BTCT M200, chn chiu dy bn y 0,5 (m).
- nhm ca dc: Dc c lm bng b tng, theo TCVN 4118 - 85 c h s
nhm: n = 0,017.
- Cc bn v tng ca dc nc u c khe ln t cch nhau 25 (m), chiu
rng khe l 1 (cm), trong c nha ng, di khe b tr thit b thot nc
gim p lc thm.
6.4. Tnh ton thu lc ca ng trn
6.4.1. Tnh ton thu lc on thu hp
6.4.1.1. Mc ch
gim khi lng ca dc nc m vn m bo c cc yu cu k thut
t ra, u dc nc (sau ngng trn) ta lm on thu hp.
Mt ct c dang hnh ch nht.
- B rng u on thu hp B = 65 (m).
- B rng cui on thu hp B
d
= 45 (m).
- dc y on thu hp i = 8%.
- Chiu di on thu hp L
th
= 25 (m).
y ta chn phng n thit k on thu hp c y v tng bn on thu
hp c dng ng thng vi chiu di on thu hp L
th
= 25 (m).
6.4.1.2. Ni dung tnh ton
Chia on thu hp thnh nhiu on ngn ta s tnh c b rng ti mi mt ct
ny v s dng phng php cng trc tip tm ra su hi ca dng chy cui mi
on. Tp hp cc gi tr hi ny ta c ng mt nc trn on thu hp.
1. Phng php cng trc tip:
Da trn phng trnh Becnuli cho dng chy n nh trong knh h:
i J
l

(6 - 1)
Trong :
- : Hiu s t nng ca hai mt ct hai u on ngn.
2 2
2 1
2 1
.V .V
h h
2.g 2.g
_ _
+ +

, ,
(6 - 2)
-
J
: dc thu lc trung bnh tnh theo su trung bnh
h
.
1 2
h h
h
2
+
(6 - 3)
2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2
1 2
Q Q 1 Q Q
J .
2 K K
.C .R K
_
+

,
(6 - 4)
Sinh vin thc hin: Trn Nam Hi Lp: 47N1
111
Lp d n u t h thng ti h P1_Phan Thit GVHD: PGS.TS.Phm Ngc Hi
2. su phn gii h
k
:
su phn gii ti mt ct sau ngng trn c xc nh theo cng thc:
2
3
k
.q
h
g

(6 - 5)
Vi
max
Q 818
q 12,58
B 65
(m
3
/s - m).
Suy ra: h
k
= 2,527 (m).
3. su dng chy u h
0
:
Ta c h
0
c xc nh theo phng php li nht v mt ct thu lc, vi trnh
t tnh ton nh sau:
- Tnh:
f( R
ln
) =
0
4.m. i
Q
(6 - 6)
Trong :
+
2
0
m 2. 1 m m + .
+ m: H s mi ca dc nc, v dc nc c mt ct hnh ch nht nn m
0
= 2.
+ Q: Lu lng chy qua dc nc, bng lu lng x.
+ i: dc ca dc nc i
d
= 0,08.
Suy ra:
f(R
ln
) =
0
4.m. i 4.2. 0,08
0,003
Q 818
.
- Tra ph lc 8 - 1 (bng tra thu lc) vi h s nhm n = 0,017 ta c bn
knh thu lc li nht R
ln
= 1,936 (m).
- Lp t s:
ln
B 65
33,574
R 1,936

.Tip tc tra ph lc 8 - 3 (bng tra thu lc)
vi h s mi m = 0 ta c:
ln
h
0,382
R

.
- Suy ra :
0 ln
ln
h
h R . 1,936.0,382 0,74
R
_


,
(m).
4. Kt qu tnh ton:
Chia on thu hp di 25 (m) thnh 5 on mi on di 5 (m). Kt qu tnh
ton c th hin Bng 6 - 1.
Sinh vin thc hin: Trn Nam Hi Lp: 47N1
112
Lp d n u t h thng ti h P1_Phan Thit GVHD: PGS.TS.Phm Ngc Hi
Bng 6.1. Kt qu tnh ton ng mt nc
trn on dc nc thu hp
STT h (m) (m
2
) V (m/s) (m) R (m) C L (m)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
1 2.527 138.75 4.594 69.3 2.017 66.118 0
2 2.636 106.08 6.052 64.478 1.645 63.912 5
3 2.869 95.638 6.713 60.356 1.585 63.514 10
4 2.968 88.878 7.223 56.354 1.577 63.464 15
5 3.026 83.936 7.646 52.427 1.602 63..627 20
6 3.23 80.218 8.003 48.565 1.652 63.955 25
Cn c vo c tnh dng chy sau ngng trn v u dc nc, ly gc thu
hp
0
22 .
Cc thng s ca on thu hp u dc nc :
- dc y: i = 8%.
- Lu lng ln nht Q = 818 (m
3
/s).
- Chiu di on thu hp L
th
= 25 (m).
- B rng u on thu hp B

= 65 (m).
- B rng cui on thu hp B
c
= 45 (m).
6.4.2. Tnh ton thu lc dc nc on c chiu di khng i
Tnh ton thu lc trn dc nc ch yu l tnh ton ng mt nc trong
dc, hoc chiu su ca nc trong dc t thit k chnh xc c chiu cao ca
tng bn, tnh c lu tc trn dc, iu kin thu lc trc khi vo b phn tiu
nng chn kt cu bn y v tiu nng hp l.
Coi ng mt nc trong dc phi lng tr lun song song vi y.
Dc nc khng c ngng nn su dng chy u dc bng su phn
gii h
k
, do ng mt nc trong dc nc l ng nc h b
II
.
Khi dc nc c chiu rng y khng i, dc trong dc nc ln hn
dc phn gii (i > i
pg
) do dng chy trong dc nc l dng chy xit.
6.4.2.1. Tnh ton nh tnh ng mt nc trong dc nc
1. Xc nh su phn gii h
k
:
Vi dc nc mt ct hnh ch nht:
2
3
k
.q
h
g

(6 - 7)
Trong :
- q =
x
d
Q
B
: Lu lng n v ti v tr xt.
Vi:
+ Q
x
: Lu lng x qua trn, Q = 818 (m
3
/s).
+ B
d
: Chiu rng dc, B
d
= 45 (m).
Sinh vin thc hin: Trn Nam Hi Lp: 47N1
113
Lp d n u t h thng ti h P1_Phan Thit GVHD: PGS.TS.Phm Ngc Hi
Suy ra: q =
x
d
Q 818
18,18
B 45

(m
3
/s - m).
- : H s ng nng ca dng chy.
- g: Gia tc trng trng, g = 9,81 (m/s
2
).
Thay s vo cng thc (6 - 6) ta c:
2 2
3 3
k
.q 1.18,18
h 3,23
g 9,81

(m).
2. Xc nh su dng chy trong dc nc h
0
:
Ta c h
0
c xc nh theo phng php li nht v mt ct thu lc, vi trnh
t tnh ton nh sau:
- Tnh:
f(R
ln
) =
0
4.m. i
Q
(6 - 8)
Trong :
+
2
0
m 2. 1 m m + .
+ m: H s mi ca dc nc, v dc nc c mt ct hnh ch nht nn m
0
= 2.
+ Q: Lu lng chy qua dc nc, bng lu lng x.
+ i: dc ca dc nc i
d
= 0,08.
Suy ra:
f( R
ln
) =
0
4.m. i 4.2. 0,08
0,003
Q 818
.
- Tra ph lc 8 - 1 (bng tra thu lc) vi h s nhm n = 0,017 ta c bn
knh thu lc li nht R
ln
= 1,936 (m).
- Lp t s:
d
ln
B 45
23,244
R 1,936

.Tip tc tra ph lc 8 - 3 (bng tra thu lc)
vi h s mi m = 0 ta c:
ln
h
0,48
R

.
- Suy ra:
0 ln
ln
h
h R . 1,936.0,48 0,93
R
_


,
(m).
3. Xc nh dc phn gii i
pg
(i
k
):
dc phn gii c xc nh theo cng thc:
2
k 2 2
k k k
Q
i
.C .R

(6 - 9)
Trong :
-
k
: Din tch mt ct t ng vi su phn gii.

k
= B
d
.h
k
= 45.3,23 = 145,35 (m
2
).
-
k

: Chu vi t.
k d k
B 2.h 45 2.3,23 51,46 + +
(m).
- R
k
: Bn knh thu lc ng vi su phn gii.
Sinh vin thc hin: Trn Nam Hi Lp: 47N1
114
Lp d n u t h thng ti h P1_Phan Thit GVHD: PGS.TS.Phm Ngc Hi
k
k
k
145,35
R 2,44
51,46

(m).
- C
k
: H s Sezi ng vi su phn gii.
1 1
6 6
k k
1 1
C .R .2,44 67,84
n 0,017

- Q: Lu lng x qua trn, Q = 818 (m
3
/s).
Thay tt c vo cng thc (6 - 8) ta c:
2 2
k 2 2 2 2
k k k
Q 818
i 0,0024
.C .R 145,35.67,84 .2,44

.
Nh vy, ta thy h
0
= 0,93 (m) < h
k
= 3,23 (m) v i
k
= 0,0024 < i
d
= 0,08 do
ng mt nc trong dc l ng nc b
II
nh hnh v sau.
N1
N1
N2
N2
K
K
K
ik<i d
Hnh 6.1. ng mt nc trong dc nc theo phng php nh tnh
6.4.2.2. Xc nh ng mt nc theo phng php nh lng
Ta s dng phng php sai phn (cn gi l phng php cng trc tip) v
ng mt nc trong dc nc. Ni dung tnh ton nh sau:
Theo phng php cng trc tip ta chia dc nc ra tng on nh L
i
v ti
mi on p dng cng thc tnh sau:
.
L
i J

(6 - 10)
Sau khi tnh cho tng on nh L
i
, cng li s c kt qu tnh ton cho
ton th on dc.
Trong :
- : chnh lch th nng gia hai mt ct lin tip.
i 1 i +

(6 - 11)
Vi:
+
i

,
i 1 +

: Nng lng n v ti mt ct th i v (i + 1).


2
i
i i
.V
h
2.g

+
,
2
i 1
i 1 i 1
.V
h
2.g
+
+ +

+
(6 - 12)
Sinh vin thc hin: Trn Nam Hi Lp: 47N1
115
Lp d n u t h thng ti h P1_Phan Thit GVHD: PGS.TS.Phm Ngc Hi
+ V
i
, V
i+1
: Vn tc dng chy ti mt ct th i v (i + 1) tng ng.
i
i
i
Q
V

(6 - 13)
+
i
: Din tch mt ct t (m
2
),
i
= B
i
.h
i
+ B
i
: Chiu rng ca dc nc ti mt ct i, theo thit k ta chn chiu rng dc
nc ti mi mt ct l khng i v bng 45 (m).
+ h
i
: Chiu su mc nc trong dc ti mt ct i (m ).
+ Q
i
: Lu lng chy qua dc ti mt ct th i, Q
i
= Q
tr
= 818 (m
3
/s).
+ V
i+1
Tnh tng t nh V
i
.
-
J
: dc thu lc trung bnh ca on L.
i i 1
J J
J
2
+
+
(6 - 14)
+ J
i
v J
i+1
l dc thu lc ti mt ct i v (i + 1), xc nh theo cng thc tnh
i
k
cng thc (6 - 8) ng vi cc su mc nc trong dc (h
i
) ti cc mt ct khc
nhau.
gii bi ton ta ly chiu su dng chy trong dc ti mt ct u tin bng
su phn gii h
k
v gi thit cc gi tr h gim dn ti cc mt ct tip theo ca dc.
V tnh ton theo trnh t trn cho ti khi L = L
d
.
Kt qu tnh ton c th hin Bng 6.2 ph lc 6 - 1.
T kt qu tnh ton Bng 6.2 ph lc 6 - 1 ta v c ng mt nc h =
f(L) trn dc v xc nh c su chn dc nc l h
c
= 0,995 (m).
ng mt nc trn on dc nc c chiu di khng i
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
0 50 100 150 200
L ( m )
h ( m )
Hnh 6.1. ng mt nc trn dc nc
6.4.2.3. Kim tra xi l trong dc
Sinh vin thc hin: Trn Nam Hi Lp: 47N1
116
Lp d n u t h thng ti h P1_Phan Thit GVHD: PGS.TS.Phm Ngc Hi
Theo Bng 5 - ph lc 8 trong TCVN 4118 - 85, vn tc cho php ca dc nc
lm bng b tng M200 l [V]
kx
= 15,6 (m/s).
Mt khc t kt qu tnh ton trong Bng 6 - 2 th lu tc ln nht trong dc
nc ng vi lu lng x Q = 818 (m
3
/s) l V
max
= 14,34 (m/s).
Suy ra: V
max
< [V]
kx
nn dng chy trong dc khng gy xi l, m bo an
ton n nh cho dc nc.
6.4.2.4. Xc nh chiu cao tng bn
Hin tng hm kh xy ra khi dng chy trong dc nc c lu tc ln lm
cho dng chy b trn kh do lm tng chiu su nc trong dc so vi tnh ton khi
khng c hm kh. V vy khi thit k tng bn ca dc nc ta phi tnh ti chiu
su dng chy c k ti hm kh nhm xc nh chnh xc chiu cao tng bn, m
bo cc yu cu kinh t k thut.
Chiu su nc c k ti hm kh c xc nh theo cng thc sau:
hk
V
h h. 1
100
_
+

,
(6 - 15)
Trong :
- h: Chiu su nc khi khng c ngm kh (m).
- V: Lu tc dng chy ti mt ct tnh ton, vi V > 3 (m/s) th dng nc bt
u ngm kh.
Cao trnh nh tng
tg
c xc nh theo cng thc:

tg
=
y
+ h
hk
+ a (6 - 16)
Vi a l cao an ton, chn a = 0,5 (m).
Kt qu tnh ton cao trnh nh tng c th hin trong Bng 6.3 ph lc 6
- 2.
Gii thch cc ct trong Bng 6.3 nh sau:
- Ct 1: S th t mt ct.
- Ct 2: Tn mt ct.
- Ct 3: L
i
l khong cch gia hai mt ct k nhau (m).
- Ct 4: L
i
l khong cch cng dn (m).
- Ct 5: h
i
l chiu su mc nc trn dc khi cha c hm kh ti mt ct i
tng ng (m), xc nh bng cch tra trn ng mt nc xc nh.
- Ct 6: Lu tc dng nc trong dc ti mt ct i (m/s).
tr
i
i
Q
V

Vi:
+ Q
tr
= 818 (m
3
/s).
+
i
= B
d
.h
i
(m
2
).
+ B
d
= 45 (m).
Sinh vin thc hin: Trn Nam Hi Lp: 47N1
117
Lp d n u t h thng ti h P1_Phan Thit GVHD: PGS.TS.Phm Ngc Hi
- Ct 7:
y
l cao trnh y dc (m), c xc nh da vo dc ca dc
nc i = 0,08; cao trnh y dc ti mt ct u dc nc = +93 (m) v da vo chiu
di ca on dc tnh t mt ct u tin ti mt ct ta xt.
- Ct 8: h
hk
l chiu su nc trong dc c k ti hm kh (m), xc nh theo
cng thc (6 - 14).
- Ct 9:
y
l cao trnh nh tng (m).
6.5. Tnh ton knh dn h lu
6.5.1. Thit k knh
Dng chy sau khi ri khi mng phun s ri xung h xi. y phn ln
nng lng dng chy c tiu hao v tr v trng thi gn vi chy n nh, t
ra knh dn h lu. Knh dn h lu c thit k dn nc t trn x l vo
lng sng c. Ta phi thit k knh dn nc t h xi ra h lu p sao cho knh
khng b xi l v chuyn c lu lng nc ln nht t trn x l xung.
Do khng c ti liu v mc nc h lu trn nn ta s b thit k knh h lu
sau trn bng cch chn cc ch tiu thit k knh h lu theo TCVN 4118 - 85.
Knh dn h lu l knh t c mt ct ngang dng hnh thang v c cc c
trng sau:
- Lu lng ln nht qua knh: Q
K
= Q
x max
= 818 (m
3
/s).
- Chiu di knh dn: L
K
= 50 (m).
- H s mi knh: m = 1,5.
- nhm: n = 0,025.
- dc y knh: i = 0,001.
tnh ton xc nh mt ct knh ta dng phng php i chiu mt ct li
nht v thu lc theo trnh t sau:
- Tnh f( R
ln
) theo cng thc:
0
ln
4.m. i
f(R )
Q
(6 - 17)
Trong :
+ i: dc ca y knh tnh ton.
+ Q: Lu lng tnh ton ca knh (m
3
/s).
+ R
ln
: Bn knh thu lc li nht (m).
Vi
2 2
0
m 2. 1 m m 2. 1 1,5 1,5 2,1056 + + ta c:
ln
4.2,1056. 0,001
f(R ) 0,000348
818

- T tr s f(R
ln
) v h s nhm n, xc nh c R
ln
= 4,813 (m) bng cch tra
ph lc 8 - 1 Bng tra thu lc.
- ng vi gi tr Q ta tnh c gi tr (t s gia chiu rng y knh v
chiu su mc nc trong knh) theo cng thc:

0,25 0,25
3.Q m 3.765 1,5 14,277 (6 - 18)
Sinh vin thc hin: Trn Nam Hi Lp: 47N1
118
Lp d n u t h thng ti h P1_Phan Thit GVHD: PGS.TS.Phm Ngc Hi
- Tnh:

+ +
0
m 2,1056
0,1335
m 1,5 14,277
(6 - 19)
- T tra ph lc 8 - 3 trong Bng tra thu lc c:
+
_


,
ln
ln ln
b b
11,662 b .R 11,693.4,813 56,278
R R
(m).
+
_


,
ln
ln ln
h h
0,818 h .R 0,818.4,813 3,94
R R
(m).
Vy s b xc nh c mc nc knh h lu l h
h
= 4 (m) v b rng y
knh h lu l b = 56 (m).
6.5.2. Kim tra iu kin khng xi ca knh
Xc nh su dng chy u trong knh h
0
theo phng php i chiu vi
mt ct li nht v thu lc nh trn tnh c h
0
= 4 (m).
Vn tc dng chy trong knh:
Q 818
V 2,732
280

(m/s).
Vi l din tch mt ct t ca knh.
( ) ( ) b m.h .h 56 1,5.4 .4 248 + +
(m
2
).
Knh x h lu nm trn nn tra Bng 4 ph lc 8 ca 10TCVN 4118 - 1985
vn tc cho php khng xi l [ V
kx
] = 3,5 (m/s).
Vy V < [V
kx
] nn knh dn m bo khng b xi l trong qu trnh lm vic.
- Mc nc u knh x h lu: Do h lu p khng c nc, h xi khng
tip gip vi lng sui nn knh h lu khng b nh hng ca mc nc trn sui.
Chn cao trnh mc nc u knh h lu: +70 (m).
- Cao trnh y knh x h lu sau mng phun (u knh):

y knh
= 70 - 4 = 66 (m).
- Cao trnh b knh h lu:

y knh
= 70 + 0,5 = 70,5 (m).
6.6. Tnh ni tip v tiu nng chn dc nc
6.6.1. Mc ch tnh ton tiu nng
Khi dng chy t thng lu xung h lu, phn ln th nng bin thnh ng
nng. Dc nc c lu tc tng ln t ngt ln hn nhiu so vi dng chy trng
thi t nhin. Do cui dc rt d b xi l do ng nng tha gy ra, nh hng ti
kh nng lm vic v s an ton ca cng trnh. Nhim v tnh ton tiu nng l phi
tm bin php tiu hu ton b nng lng tha, iu chnh li s phn b lu tc v
lm gim mch ng cho dng chy tr v trng thi t nhin ca n trn mt on
dc ngn nht.
Sinh vin thc hin: Trn Nam Hi Lp: 47N1
119
Lp d n u t h thng ti h P1_Phan Thit GVHD: PGS.TS.Phm Ngc Hi
6.6.2. Hnh thc tiu nng
Do sau trn dc ln v thay i t ngt nn gim chiu di trn cng
nh m bo cho cng trnh lm vic an ton ta chn hnh thc mng phun lm
cho dng chy sau khi ri mi phun s ht vo khng kh, b khuych tn hai chiu v
ri xung h lu. Khi lu tc dng nc s gim rt nhanh hn ch c kh nng
xi l h lu.
S b chn cc kch thc ca mi phun nh sau:
- Chiu di mi phun: L
mi
= 2 (m).
- dc mi phun: i = 20%.
- Cao trnh cui dc nc:

cui dc
=
u dc
- L
dc
.i
dc
= 93 - 200.0,08 = 77 (m).
- Cao trnh mi phun:

mi phun
=
cui dc
+ L
mi phun
.i
mi phun
= 77 + 2.0,2 = 77,4 (m).
1. Xc nh chiu di nc ri:
Chiu di nc ri l khong cch nc ri theo phng ngang t mi phun
n trung tm b dng nc ri chm vo y knh h lu.
Theo gio trnh: '' V d tnh ton trn mng phun '' th chiu di nc ri c
xc nh theo cng thc:
2 2 2
ri 0 mi mi mi 2
0
p 0,5.h
L 2. .H . 1 i . i i
.H
_
+
+ +

,
(6 - 20)
Trong :
- : H s lu tc, ly = 1.
- h: Chiu su dng nc cui mi phun, v chiu di mi phun nh L
mi
= 2 (m)
nn h h
cui dc
= 0,995 (m).
- p: Khong cch t mi phun n y knh h lu.
p =
mi
-
y h
= 77,4 - 66 = 11,4 (m).
- E
0
: Nng lng ton phn ca dng chy ti mt ct cui dc mng, ly mt
chun l y knh h lu ta c:
2 2
cd
0 cuidc yh
.V 1.14,34
E h 77 66 0,995 21,57
2.g 2.9,81

+ + + +
(m).
-
0 0
H E p 0,5.h 21,57 11,4 0,5.0,995 10,57
(m).
Thay tt c cc gi tr trn vo cng thc (6 - 19) ta c:
2 2 2
ri 2
10,5 0,5.0,995
L 2.1.10,57. 1 0,2 . 0,2 0,2 25,2
1.10,57
_
+
+ +


,
(m).
2. Xc nh chiu su h xi:
Theo V - - g chiu su h xi c xc nh theo cng thc:
0,25
h 0
d .k. q.Z h

(6 - 21)
Sinh vin thc hin: Trn Nam Hi Lp: 47N1
120
Lp d n u t h thng ti h P1_Phan Thit GVHD: PGS.TS.Phm Ngc Hi
Trong :
- h

: Chiu su nc trong knh h lu.


- Z
0
: chnh lch ct nc k ti lu tc tin gn.
Z
0
= E
0
h

(6 - 22)
- : H s hm kh ca dng nc, ph thuc vo lu tc ca dng chy khi
chy vo h lu v chiu su h cui mi phun. Tra Bng 4 trang 18 Gio trnh V d
tnh ton trn mng phun ta c h s .
Bng tra h s hm kh
h ( m )
Lu tc tip xc h lu V ( m/s )
5 10 15 20 25
0.2 0.7 0.64 0.62 0.61 0.6
0.5 0.88 0.71 0.66 0.63 0.62
0.7 1 0.9 0.7 0.66 0.64
Khi h > 0,7 (m) th = 1. Theo tnh ton knh phn trn ta c h = 4 (m) nn
chn = 1.
- : Gc hp bi tia dng v y knh h lu.
( ) ( )
2 2 0
mi
0
H 10,57
cos 1 i . 1 0,2 . 0,259
E 21,57

Vy
0
74,97 .
- k: H s xi l ph thuc vo gc .
H s k c xc nh nh sau:
+ Nu V < [V] th k = 1,34.
+ Nu V > [V] th k ph thuc vo gc c tra theo Bng 5 trang 18 Gio
trnh V d tnh ton trn mng phun.
Bng cc tr s h s k
Loi t

0 12 25 40 60 90
Yu 1.4 1.8 2.4 2.8 3.3 4.5
Chc 1.4 1.7 2 2.4 2.7 3.3
- V: Lu tc dng chy trong h xi.
- [V]: Vn tc cho php i vi nn. Tra Bng 4 ph lc 8 ca 10 TCVN 4118 -
1985 ta c: [V] = 3,5 (m/s).
Qu trnh xc nh V nh sau:
- Tnh: c 3/2 3/2 3/2
0 d 0
q Q 818
F( ) 0,14
.E B . .E 45.1.21,57


Vi q l lu lng n v ti u mi phun.
Tra ph lc 15 - 1 Bng tra thu lc c:
''
c
0,34
Sinh vin thc hin: Trn Nam Hi Lp: 47N1
121
Lp d n u t h thng ti h P1_Phan Thit GVHD: PGS.TS.Phm Ngc Hi
Suy ra:
'' ''
c 0 c
h E . 21,57.0,34 7,33
(m).
- Gi thit chiu su h xi:
''
h1 c
d h h 7,33 4 3,33


(m).
- Tnh li:
'
0 0 h1
E E d 21,57 3,33 24,9 + +
(m).
'
c '3/2 '3/2 3/2
0 d 0
q Q 818
F ( ) 0,12
.E B . .E 45.1.24,9


Tra ph lc 15 - 1 Bng tra thu lc c:
''
c
0,32
Suy ra:
'' ' ''
c 0 c
h E . 24,9.0,32 7,96
(m).
- Tnh chiu su h xi:
' ''
h1 c
d h h 7,96 4 3,96


(m).
Ta thy tr s gi thit xp x bng tr s tnh ton c, nn ta ly
''
c
h 7,96(m)
.
- Tnh V:
'' ''
c d c
q Q 818
V 1,27
1,41.h 1,41.B .h 1,41.45.7,96

(m/s).
Qua tnh ton nh trn ta thy V < [V] nn ta chn h s k = 1,34.
Thay tt c vo cng thc (6 - 20) ta c:
( )
0.25
h
818
d 1.1,34. . 21,57 4 4 6,36
45
( m ).
3. Xc nh chiu rng v chiu di h xi:
- Chiu rng y h xi theo phng ngang c xc nh theo cng thc:
[ ]
h
q 818 1
b . 5,7
V 45 3,5
_


,
(m).
- Chiu di h xi c xc nh theo cng thc:
h h h
L b 4,5.d 5,7 4,5.6,36 34,32 + +
(m).
h
Lroi

p
dh
bh
77,4
70
66
Hnh 6.2. S tnh ton h xi
Sinh vin thc hin: Trn Nam Hi Lp: 47N1
122
Lp d n u t h thng ti h P1_Phan Thit GVHD: PGS.TS.Phm Ngc Hi
PHN V. TNH TON KINH T
CHNG VII. TNH TON KINH T CA D N
7.1. Mc ch, ngha v ni dung tnh ton
7.1.1. Mc ch
Tnh ton kinh t ca d n nhm mc ch xc nh cc ch tiu kinh t nh :
T sut thu hi vn, tng vn u t, t s gia li ch v chi ph. lm c s nh
gi tnh kh thi v kinh t v k thut ca d n.
7.1.2. ngha
Tnh ton kinh t ca d n l c s gip chng ta bit c hiu qu kinh t
m d n mang li v nh gi hiu qu ca vic u t s dng vn.
7.1.3. Ni dung tnh ton
- Tnh tng kinh ph u t xy dng cng trnh.
- Tnh chi ph qun l hng nm trc v sau khi c d n.
- Tnh tng gi tr thu v hng nm trc v sau kh c d n.
- Tnh li ch tng thm hng nm sau khi c d n.
- Tnh t sut thu hi vn IRR.
- Tnh t s gia li ch v vn u t
B
C
.
- Tnh sut u t cho 1 ha.
- Kt lun v tnh kinh t ca d n.
7.2. Nguyn l tnh ton
Da trn s bin ng ca gi tr sn phm tnh theo tin tnh ton cn i
gia u vo bao gm : Vn u t, chi ph qun l hng nm....v gi tr thu v cng
nh hiu ch ca khu vc trc v sau khi c d n trong sut thi gian hot ng kinh
t ca d n (i sng kinh t ca d n). i vi d n thu li i sng kinh t l 30
nm. Tt c cc gi tr trn thng thay i phi a v gi tr hin ti NPV, sau
mi tnh ton cc ch tiu v kinh t.
Vic tnh ton v nh gi hiu qu kinh t ca d n c thc hin theo s
nh hnh 7.1.
Sinh vin thc hin: Trn Nam Hi Lp: 47N1
123
Lp d n u t h thng ti h P1_Phan Thit GVHD: PGS.TS.Phm Ngc Hi
Tnh ton cc chtiu kinh t
So snh cc chtiu kinh tca d n v i cc tiu chun
Kt lun vtnh kinh tca d n
Tt c u vo khi
cha c d n
Cc hot ng kinh t
khi cha c d n
u ra khi cha c
d n
u ra khi c
d n
Cc hot ng kinh t
khi c d n
Tt cu vo khi
c d n
Hnh 7.1. S tnh ton kinh t ca d n.
7.3. Tnh ton cc ch tiu kinh t
7.3.1. Cc khi nim c bn v phng php tnh ton
7.3.1.1. T sut khu hao DF (Discount Facto)
T sut khu hao l kh nng gim gi tr ca mt khi vt cht c quy ra
tin tnh theo % (hay ni cch khc l s gim gi tr ca ng tin theo thi gian).
DF phn nh mc thu hi vn ca mt d n no .
7.3.1.2. Gi tr thu nhp rng hin ti NPV (Net Present Value)
Gi tr thu nhp rng hin ti NPV l tng thu nhp rng trong sut c i sng
kinh t ca d n c tnh i v gi tr hin ti.
( )
T
t t
0 t
i 1
B C
NPV C
1 DF

(7 - 1)
Trong :
- B
t
: Thu nhp do d n mang li thi im tnh ton th t.
- C
t
: Chi ph thc ca d n thi im th t.
- C
0
: Chi ph b ra ti thi im u nm u tin.
- DF: T sut khu hao.
- T: i sng kinh t ca d n.
Khi tnh ton phi tnh i gi tr ca nhng nm trc v thi im hin ti.
Gi tr a v thi im hin ti tnh theo cng thc:
Sinh vin thc hin: Trn Nam Hi Lp: 47N1
124
Lp d n u t h thng ti h P1_Phan Thit GVHD: PGS.TS.Phm Ngc Hi
P = K
t
.G
t
(7 - 2)
Trong :
- P: Gi tr ca nm th t quy v nm hin ti.
- G
t
: Gi tr ca nm th t.
- K
t
: T sut khu hao ca nm th t.
t t
1
K
(1 DF)

+
(7 - 3)
7.3.1.3. T sut thu hi vn IRR (Internal Rate of Return)
T sut thu hi vn bn trong IRR l t sut khu hao lm cho gi tr thu nhp
rng ca d n bng 0 trong sut i sng kinh t ca d n.
Thc cht IRR chnh l kh nng sinh li ca d n : IRR ln hn s gim gi
ca ng tin do phi tr li ngn hng, do lm pht, tin b gim gi tr.th d n
c xem l c hiu qu v nus ngc li th d n b l.
Nh vy, IRR cng ln chng t hiu ch cng trnh t c cng ln. V th,
khi so snh cc phng n, ngi ta thng u tin la chn nhng phng n c IRR
ln.
Thng thng, d n c xem l c hiu qu khi:
IRR [i] (7 - 4)
Vi [ i ] l li sut vay vn cho php i vi mt ngnh no .
Trong iu kin kinh t nc ta hin nay, Ngn hng pht trin Chu ADB
ngh ly [i] = 12% 15% cho cc d n thu li.
Phng php xc nh IRR :
C th biu th gi tr ca IRR trn th nh hnh 7.2, IRR l giao im gia
ng cong (NPV ~ DF) vi ng NPV = 0. V vy c th xc nh IR bng phng
php gii, hoc phng php ni, ngoi suy tuyn tnh khi bit to ca hai im
trn ng cong.
Phng php ni (ngoi) suy tuyn tnh:
- Ly mt t sut khu hao DF
1
no , tnh c NPV
1
.
- Chn tip mt tr s DF
2
v tnh NPV
2
.
+ Nu NPV
1
>0 chn DF
2
> DF
1
.
+ Nu NPV
1
< 0 chn DF
2
< DF
1
.
- Xc nh IRR theo:
+ Ni suy tuyn tnh nu NPV
1
v NPV
2
tri du.
+ Ngoi suy tuyn tnh nu NPV
1
v NPV
2
cng du.
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Lp d n u t h thng ti h P1_Phan Thit GVHD: PGS.TS.Phm Ngc Hi
NPV
NPV1
NPV2
0
DF1 DF2 DF
IRR
0
DF
NPV
NPV1
NPV2
IRR
DF1 DF2
Hnh 7.2. Quan h (NPV ~ DF)
Cng thc tnh gn ng tr s IRR theo ni (ngoi) suy tuyn tnh:
1
1 2 1
1 2
NPV
IRR=DF .(DF DF )
NPV NPV
+

(7 - 5)
- Vic xc nh IRR cng c th c tin hnh bng cch lp bng tnh NPV,
th dn vi cc tr s DF khc nhau, tr s DF ng vi NPV = 0 chnh l IRR.
- Phng php tnh n gin v chnh xc hn l dng cng thc c lp
sn trong chng trnh excel (mc Insert - function - finalcial - IRR).
7.3.1.4. T s gia li nhun v vn u t
B
C
l t s gia li nhun v vn u t ng vi t sut khu hao cho php i
vi mt vng hoc mt quc gia hay cho mt loi d n no .
T s
B
C
cho bit tng quan gia thu nhp do d n mang li vi chi ph b
ra trong sut i sng kinh t ca d n trn c s tnh quy i v nm u.
B
C
c xc nh theo cng thc:
n
t
t
i 1
n
t
t
i 1
B .(1 DF)
B
C
C .(1 DF)

(7 - 6)
Yu cu hiu qu t ra cho mt d n l:
B
C
1 (7 - 7)
7.3.2. Tnh ton cc ch tiu kinh t
7.3.2.1. Tnh tng vn u t K
b
Vn u t ban u ca cng trnh K
b
l gi tr bng tin ca tt c cc ti sn
c nh ca cng trnh thi im bt u qun l khai thc.
D n h P1 c sut u t l 80 (triu ng/ha), din tch phc v l 4200 ha.
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Lp d n u t h thng ti h P1_Phan Thit GVHD: PGS.TS.Phm Ngc Hi
Vn u t cho d n l:
K
b
= 4200.80.10
6
= 336.10
9
(ng).
Thi gian xy dng d n l 3 nm, d kin phn vn u t trong tng nm
theo t l: 1 : 2 : 2.
Vn u t trong tng nm l:
9 9
1 b
1 1
K .K .336.10 67,2.10
5 5

(ng).
9 9
2 b
2 2
K .K .336.10 134,4.10
5 5

(ng).
9 9
3 b
2 2
K .K .336.10 134,4.10
5 5

(ng).
7.3.2.2. Tnh ton chi ph qun l v chi ph sn xut hng nm trc v sau
khi c d n
1. Chi ph qun l hng nm
Trc khi c d n coi nh cha c chi ph qun l.
Sau khi c d n chi ph qun l hng nm cho 1 n v din tch canh tc ca
khu hng li l: 400.000 (/ha).
Din tch canh tc sau khi c d n l 4200 (ha), chi ph qun l hng nm ca
h thng l:
C
ql
= 4200.400.10
3
= 1,68.10
9
(ng).
2. Chi ph sn xut
D n thu li h P1 c tc dng li dng tng hp, nhng nhim v chnh l
cp nc ti phc v sn xut nng nghip.
V vy y ch tnh ton chi ph phc v cho sn xut nng nghip.
- Tnh cho n v din tch 1 ha:
Da vo chi ph cho tng hng mc nh : Ging, phn bn, cng lao ng....ta
tnh ton c chi ph sn xut ca 1 ha trc v sau khi c d n nh Bng 7.1 v
Bng 7.2.
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Lp d n u t h thng ti h P1_Phan Thit GVHD: PGS.TS.Phm Ngc Hi
Bng 7.1. Chi ph sn xut ca 1 ha trc khi c d n
STT Hng mc
n
v
n
gi
()
La chim La ma Ng
Khi
lng
Thnh
tin
(10
6
)
Khi
lng
Thnh
tin
(10
6
)
Khi
lng
Thnh
tin
(10
6
)
1 Ging kg 20000 160 3.2 160 3.2 160 3.2
2 Phn ho hc kg 2500 600 1.5 600 1.5 600 1.5
3 Phn chung kg 800 2000 1.6 2000 1.6 2000 1.6
4 Cy ba ha 300000 1 0.3 1 0.3 1 0.3
5 Cng lao ng cng 20000 200 4 160 3.2 140 2.8
6 Chi ph khc ha 200000 1 0.2 1 0.2 1 0.2
7 Tng 10.8 10 9.6
Bng 7.2. Chi ph sn xut ca 1 ha sau khi c d n
STT Hng mc
n
v
n
gi
()
La chim La ma Ng
Khi
lng
Thnh
tin
(10
6
)
Khi
lng
Thnh
tin
(10
6
)
Khi
lng
Thnh
tin
(10
6
)
1 Ging kg 20000 160 3.2 160 3.2 160 3.2
2 Phn ho hc kg 2500 1000 2.5 1000 2.5 1000 2.5
3 Phn chung kg 800 5000 4 5000 4 5000 4
4 Cy ba ha 300000 1 0.3 1 0.3 1 0.3
5 Cng lao ng cng 20000 220 4.4 170 3.4 150 3
6 Chi ph khc ha 300000 1 0.3 1 0.3 1 0.3
7 Tng 14.7 13.7 13.3
- Tnh cho c khu vc:
Theo bo co v hin trng ti ca khu vc, din tch c ti trc khi c
d n nh Bng 7 - 3.
Bng 7.3. Hin trng ti ca khu vc
Tn cng trnh
Din tch thc ti (ha) Din tch gieo trng
c ti (ha) La chim La ma Ng
H thng Cy Kh 925 1860 120 2905
H thng Kim Long 765 1190 35 1990
H thng Xuyn 770 1320 15 2105
Tng cng 2460 4370 170 7000
Sau khi c d n, din tch ti tng ln:
+ V chim: 4200 ha la.
+ V ma: 4200 ha la.
+ V ng: 4200 ha ng.
Kt qu tnh chi ph sn xut hng nm ca ton khu vc trc v sau khi c d
n Bng 7.4.
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Lp d n u t h thng ti h P1_Phan Thit GVHD: PGS.TS.Phm Ngc Hi
Bng 7.4. Chi ph sn xut hng nm
STT V
Trc khi c d n Sau khi c d n
Chi ph
sn xut
(10
6
/ha)
Din
tch
(ha)
Tng
chi ph
(10
9
)
Chi ph
sn xut
(10
6
/ha)
Din
tch
( ha )
Tng
chi ph
(10
9
)
1 Chim 10.8 2460 26.568 14.7 4200 61.74
2 Ma 10 4370 43.7 13.7 4200 57.54
3 ng 9.6 170 1.632 13.3 4200 55.86
4 Tng 71.9 175.14
7.3.2.3. Tnh ton tng gi tr thu v hng nm trc v sau khi c cng trnh
Da vo din tch v nng sut (quy ra thc) ca tng loi cy trng trc v
sau khi c d n, p dng gi thc l 3500 (/kg), tnh ton c tng gi tr thu v
hng nm nh Bng 7.5.
Bng 7.5. Tng gi tr thu v hng nm trc v sau khi c d n
STT V
Trc khi c d n Sau khi c d n
Nng
sut
(T/ha)
Din
tch
(ha)
Thnh
tin
(10
9
)
Nng
sut
(T/ha)
Din
tch
(ha)
Thnh
tin
(10
9
)
1 Chim 2.3 2460 19.803 6 4200 88.2
2 Ma 2.1 4370 32.1195 5 4200 73.5
3 ng 1.5 170 0.8925 2.5 4200 36.75
4
Nc
sinh
hot
Tng lng
nc cp
mt nm
(10
6
m
3
)
Thnh tin
(10
9
)
Tng lng
nc cp
mt nm
(10
6
m
3
)
Thnh tin
(10
9
)
0 0 15 45
5 Tng 52.815 243.45
7.3.2.4. Tnh li ch tng thm hng nm sau khi c d n
T tng chi ph v gi tr thu v hng nm tnh ton c li nhun hng nm
theo cng thc:
L = B - C (7 - 8)
Trong :
- B: Tng gi tr thu v hng nm.
- C: Tng cc chi ph hng nm (chi ph qun l v sn xut).
- L: Li nhun thu c hng nm.
Li ch tng thm hng nm sau khi c d n c tnh theo cng thc:
L
tt
= L
s
- L
t
(7 - 9)
Vi:
- L
tt
: Li ch tng thm hng nm sau khi c d n.
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Lp d n u t h thng ti h P1_Phan Thit GVHD: PGS.TS.Phm Ngc Hi
- L
tr
: Li nhun thu c hng nm trc khi c d n.
L
tr
= B
tr
- C
tr
(7 - 10)
- L
s
: Li nhun thu c hng nm sau khi c d n.
L
s
= B
s
- C
s
(7 - 10)
Kt qu tnh ton Bng 7.6.
Bng 7.6. Tnh ton li ch tng thm hng nm sau khi c d n
Ch tiu
C
(10
9
)
C
ql
(10
9
)
B
(10
9
)
L
(10
9
)
L
tt
(10
9
)
Trc khi c d n 71.9 0 52.815 -19.085
47.545
Sau khi c d n 175.14 1.68 243.45 66.63
7.3.2.5. Tnh t sut thu hi vn IRR
D tnh thi gian pht huy hiu qu ca d n:
- Nm th nht v nm th hai cha pht huy c hiu qu.
- Nm th 3 pht huy c 50% hiu ch.
- Nm th 4 cng trnh c hon thnh v pht huy 100% hiu ch.
Chn DF
1
= 15%, DF
2
= 20%.
Tnh c NPV
1
v NPV
2
ng vi DF
1
v DF
2
.
Kt qu tnh ton Bng 7.7 ph lc 7 - 1.
T kt qu tnh ton Bng 7.7, tnh c IRR theo cng thc (7 - 5):
( )
67,66
IRR 0,15 .(0,22 0,15) 19,29.
67,66 42,74
+

IRR = 19,29%.
Nu s dng hm tnh IRR trong chng trnh excel tnh c IRR = 18,58%.
Kim tra li bng hm tnh NPV trong excel ta thy vi IRR = 18,58% th gi
tr thu nhp rng ca d n bng 0.
Vy IRR = 18,58%.
Kt qu tnh NPV vi IRR = 18,58% Bng 7.8 ca ph lc 7 - 2.
7.3.2.6. Tnh t gi tr thu nhp rng v t s
B
C
Hin nay, t sut khu hao cho php i vi cc d n pht trin nng nghip
ng Nam theo ngn hng pht trin Chu (ADB) l 12% 15%.
Kt qu tnh ton NPV vi DF = 12% Bng 7.9 ca ph lc 7 - 3.
T kt qu Bng 7.9, tnh c :
B 459,75
1,5
C 305,65

v NPV = 154,1 (10
9
)
7.4. Kt lun v kin ngh
T kt qu tnh ton cc ch tiu kinh t cho thy d n c hiu qu kinh t kh
cao. D n c thc hin s to iu kin pht trin sn xut nng nghip, khai thc
nhng tim nng trong khu vc hng li, gp phn thc y s pht trin kinh t.
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Lp d n u t h thng ti h P1_Phan Thit GVHD: PGS.TS.Phm Ngc Hi
Tm li d n c tnh kh thi v c ngha ln i vi khu vc hng li c v
mt kinh t, x hi, v mi trng.V vy, d n cn sm c u t v a vo hot
ng, p ng yu cu pht trin kinh t x hi ca tnh Bnh Thun ni chung v
huyn Hm Thun Bc ni ring.
KT LUN
Qua 14 tun lm n tt nghip vi ti Lp d n u t v thit k
h thng ti h P1 di s hng dn tn tnh ca thy gio Phm Ngc Hi,
thy Nguyn Vn Thng cng vi kin thc c trang b trong nm nm hc ti
trng n nay em hon thnh n do nh trng giao.
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Lp d n u t h thng ti h P1_Phan Thit GVHD: PGS.TS.Phm Ngc Hi
Qua qu trnh lm n gip em cng c v nm vng kin thc c
tch lu trong sut nm nm hc di mi trng i hc Thu li. Mc d c
gng n lc ht mnh, nhng do kin thc v kinh nghim cn hn ch nn trong ni
dung n khng trnh khi nhng thiu st. Vy em knh mong cc thy c gip em
sa cha nhng sai st v cng c kin thc khi bc vo cng vic ngoi thc t
khng b b ng.
Cui cng em xin chn thnh cm n thy gio GS.TS.Phm Ngc Hi tn
tnh hng dn gip em hon thnh n ny.
H Ni, thng 5 nm 2010.
Sinh vin
Trn Nam Hi
Cc ti liu tham kho
1. Gio trnh thu vn cng trnh.
2. Gio trnh quy hoch v thit k h thng thu li tp I v tp II.
3. Gio trnh thu cng tp I.
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Lp d n u t h thng ti h P1_Phan Thit GVHD: PGS.TS.Phm Ngc Hi
4. n mn hc thu cng.
5. Gio trnh thu lc cng trnh.
6. Quy phm thu li C6 - 77.
7. Tiu chun TCVN 4118 - 85.
8. Tiu chun xy dng TCVN 285 - 2002.
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133
Lp d n u t h thng ti h P1_Phan Thit GVHD: PGS.TS.Phm Ngc Hi
PH LC
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134

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