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CNG N TP HC K 1 MN TON LP 10 Nm hc 2011- 2012 PHN I: I S

CHNG I. TP HP. MNH Bi 1: Cc mnh sau ng hay sai ? lp mnh ph nh ca mnh : 1/ " n N*, n2 + n + 1 l s nguyn t. 3/ $ k Z , k2 + k + 1 l mt s chn. 5/ " x R , x < 3 x2 < 9. 7/ $ x Q,
3x + 2 Z . x2 +1

2/ " x Z , x2 x . 4/ " n N , n3 - n chia ht cho 3. 6/ $ x R ,


2x >1. x +1
2

8/ "x N , x2 chia ht cho 3 x chia ht cho 3.

Bi 2. Cho A = {1 , 2 , 3, 4 , 5 , 6 , 9} ; B = {0 , 2 , 4 , 6 , 8 , 9} ; C = {3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7} . 1/ Tm A B; B \ C ; A B; A \ B . 2/ Chng minh: A ( B \ C ) = ( A B ) \ C . Bi 3: Lit k cc phn t ca cc tp hp sau. a/ A = {3k -1| k Z , -5 k 3} c/ C = {x R / (x - 1)(x2 + 6x + 5) = 0} e/ E = {x / x = 2k vi k Z v -3 < x < 13} Bi 4: Tm tt c cc tp hp con ca tp: a/ A = {a, b} c/ C = {a, b, c, d} Bi 5: Tm A B ; A B ; A \ B ; B \ A , bit rng : a/ A = (2, + ) ; B = [-1, 3] b/ A = (-, 4] ; B = (1, +) c/ A = {x R / -1 x 5}B = {x R / 2 < x 8} CHNG II: HM S BC NHT V BC HAI VN 1. Tm tp xc nh Tm tp xc nh D ca hm s y = f(x) l tm tt c nhng gi tr ca bin s x sao cho biu thc f(x) c ngha: D = { x R f ( x) co ngha} . b/ B = {x Z / x2 - 9 = 0} d/ D = {x Z / |x | 3} b/ B = {a, b, c}

iu kin xc nh ca mt s hm s thng gp: P ( x) 1) Hm s y = Q( x) : iu kin xc nh: Q(x) 0.

2) Hm s y = R( x) : iu kin xc nh: R(x) 0. Ch : + i khi ta s dng phi hp cc iu kin vi nhau. + iu kin hm s xc nh trn tp A l A D. A 0 + A.B 0 B 0 . 1

VN 2. Xt tnh chn l ca hm s xt tnh chn l ca hm s y = f(x) ta tin hnh cc bc nh sau: Tm tp xc nh D ca hm s v xt xem D c l tp i xng hay khng. Nu D l tp i xng th so snh f(x) vi f(x) (x bt k thuc D). + Nu f(x) = f(x), "x D th f l hm s chn. + Nu f(x) = f(x), "x D th f l hm s l. Ch : + Tp i xng l tp tho mn iu kin: Vi "x D th x D. + Nu $x D m f(x) f(x) th f l hm s khng chn khng l. VN 3. S bin thin ca hm s Cho hm s f xc nh trn K. y = f(x) ng bin trn K "x1 , x2 K : x1 < x2 f ( x1 ) < f ( x2 )

"x1 , x2 K : x1 x2

f ( x2 ) - f ( x1 ) >0 x2 - x1

y = f(x) nghch bin trn K "x1 , x2 K : x1 < x2 f ( x1 ) > f ( x2 ) f ( x2 ) - f ( x1 ) <0 "x1 , x2 K : x1 x2 x2 - x1 VN 4. Hm s bc nht 1. Hm s bc nht y = ax + b (a 0) Tp xc nh: D = R. S bin thin: + Khi a > 0, hm s ng bin trn R. + Khi a < 0, hm s nghch bin trn R. th l ng thng c h s gc bng a, ct trc tung ti im B(0; b). Ch : Cho hai ng thng (d): y = ax + b v (d): y = ax + b: + (d) song song vi (d) a = a v b b. + (d) trng vi (d) a = a v b = b. + (d) ct (d) a a. 2. Hm s y = ax + b (a 0)
b a b khi x < a Ch : v th ca hm s y = ax + b ta c th v hai ng thng y = ax + b v i hai phn ng thng nm pha di trc honh. ax + b y = ax + b = -(ax + b) khi x 2 VN 5. Hm s bc hai y = ax + bx + c (a 0)

y = ax b, ri xo

Tp xc nh: D = R S bin thin:

b D b th l mt parabol c nh I - 2a ; - 4a , nhn ng thng x = - 2a lm trc i xng, hng b lm ln trn khi a > 0, xung di khi a < 0.

Ch : v ng parabol ta c th thc hin cc bc nh sau: b D Xc nh to nh I - 2a ; - 4a . b Xc nh trc i xng x = - 2a v hng b lm ca parabol. Xc nh mt s im c th ca parabol (chng hn, giao im ca parabol vi cc trc to v cc im i xng vi chng qua trc trc i xng). Cn c vo tnh i xng, b lm v hnh dng parabol v parabol. Bi 1: Tm tp xc nh ca cc hm s sau: - 3x 1) y = 2) y = 12-3x x+2

3) y = 6) y =

3- x x-4

( x - 1) 3 - x Bi 2. Tm a hm s xc nh trn tp K ch ra:
1) y = x - a + 2 x - a - 1 ; K = (0; +). 3) y = x + 2a ; K = (1; 0). x - a +1

4) y =

5) y = x + 2 + 7 - x

5- x 2 - 3 x - 10 x
x-a ; K = (0; +). x + a -1

2) y = 2 x - 3a + 4 + 4) y = 1 x-a

+ - x + 2a + 6 ; K = (1; 0).

Bi 3: Xt tnh chn, l ca hm s : 1) y = 4x3 + 3x 2) y = x4 - 3x2 - 1 Bi 4. Xt tnh ng bin; nghch bin ca hm s: 4 2) y = x x ; x (0;+ ) x +1 Bi 5: Kho st s bin thin v v th cc hm s sau: 1) y = a) y = 3x-2 b) y -2x + 5 3) y = x 4 - 2 x + 5
3 ; x (2;+ ) 2- x

3) y =

c) y =

2x - 5 3

Bi 6: Xc nh a, b th hm s y = ax + b : a) i qua hai im A(0;1) v B(2;-3) 2 b/ i qua C(4, -3) v song song vi t y = - x + 1 3 c/ i qua D(1, 2) v c h s gc bng 2 d/ i qua E(4, 2) v vung gc vi t y = - x + 5 Bi 7: Xt s bin thin v v th cc hm s sau : a/ y = x 2 - 4x+3 e/ y = x2 + 3x + 4 1/ y = x - 1 b/ y = -x2 x + 2 f/ y = 2x2 x 1 v y = x 2 - 2 x - 1 c/ y = -x2 + 2x - 3 g/ y = - x2 + 4x + 5 (KQ: (3;2), (0;-1)) (KQ: (-1;4), (-2;5)) d) y = x2 + 2x h/ y = -x2 + 4x
1 2

Bi 8: Tm ta giao im cc ca cc th hm s sau:

2/ y = - x + 3 v y = - x 2 - 4 x + 1

3/ y = 2 x - 5 v y = x 2 - 4 x + 4

(KQ: Tip xc ti (3;1))

Bi 9: Xc nh parabol y= ax2+ bx+1 bit parabol : a) Qua A(1;2) v B(-2;11) b) C nh I(1;0) c) Qua M(1;6) v c trc i xng c phng trnh l x=-2 d) Qua N(1;4) c tung nh l 0. Bi 10: Tm Parabol y = ax2 - 4x + c, bit rng Parabol : a/ i qua hai im A(1; -2) v B(2; 3) b/ C nh I(-2; -2) c/ C honh nh l -3 v i qua im P(-2; 1) d/ C trc i xng l ng thng x = 2 v ct trc honh ti im (3; 0) CHNG III: PHNG TRNH V H PHNG TRNH VN 1. Khi nim phng trnh 1. Phng trnh mt n f(x) = g(x) (1) x0 l mt nghim ca (1) nu "f(x0) = g(x0)" l mt mnh ng. Gii phng trnh l tm tt c cc nghim ca phng trnh . Khi gii phng trnh ta thng tm iu kin xc nh ca phng trnh. Ch : + Khi tm KX ca phng trnh, ta thng gp cc trng hp sau: 1 Nu trong phng trnh c cha biu thc P ( x) th cn iu kin P(x) 0. Nu trong phng trnh c cha biu thc P ( x) th cn iu kin P(x) 0. + Cc nghim ca phng trnh f(x) = g(x) l honh cc giao im ca th hai hm s y = f(x) v y = g(x). 2. Phng trnh tng ng, phng trnh h qu Cho hai phng trnh f1(x) = g1(x) (1) c tp nghim S1 v f2(x) = g2(x) (2) c tp nghim S2. (1) (2) khi v ch khi S1 = S2. (1) (2) khi v ch khi S1 S2. 3. Php bin i tng ng Nu mt php bin i phng trnh m khng lm thay i iu kin xc nh ca n th ta c mt phng trnh tng ng. Ta thng s dng cc php bin i sau: Cng hai v ca phng trnh vi cng mt biu thc. Nhn hai v ca phng trnh vi mt biu thc c gi tr khc 0. Khi bnh phng hai v ca mt phng trnh, ni chung ta c mt phng trnh h qu. Khi ta phi kim tra li loi b nghim ngoi lai. Bi 1: Gii cc phng trnh sau : 1/ x - 3 + x = 1+ x - 3 2/

x - 2 = 2 - x +1

3/ x x - 1 = 2 x - 1 5/

4/ 3 x 2 + 5x - 7 = 3x + 14 6/

x+4 =2

x - 1 (x2 - x - 6) = 0

3x 2 + 1 4 7/ = x-1 x-1
Bi 2: Gii cc phng trnh sau : 1/ x - 1 +

x 2 + 3x + 4 8/ = x+4 x+4
2x - 2 x -2
1 7 - 2x = x -3 x -3

2 x-2

2/ 1 +

3/

x -2 1 2 - = x + 2 x x ( x - 2)
4

x2 + x - 2 = 10 6/ x - 3 x + 2 = 0 x+2 VN 2. Phng trnh cha n trong du gi tr tuyt i Cch gii gii phng trnh cha n trong du GTT ta tm cch kh du GTT, bng cch: Dng nh ngha hoc tnh cht ca GTT. Bnh phng hai v. t n ph. f ( x) 0 C2 g( x) 0 C1 f ( x) = g( x) f ( x) = g( x) Dng 1: f ( x) = g( x) f ( x) < 0 f ( x) = - g( x) - f ( x) = g( x) 4/ x 4 - 8x 2 - 9 = 0 5/ Dng 2:

f ( x) = g( x) [ f ( x)] = [ g( x)]

C1

f ( x) = g( x) f ( x) = - g( x)

C2

Dng 3: a f ( x) + b g( x) = h( x) i vi phng trnh c dng ny ta thng dng phng php khong gii. VN 3. Phng trnh cha n trong du cn Cch gii: gii phng trnh cha n di du cn ta tm cch kh du cn, bng cch: Nng lu tha hai v. t n ph. Ch : Khi thc hin cc php bin i cn ch iu kin cc cn c xc nh. 2 f ( x) = g( x) f ( x) = [ g( x)] Dng 1: g( x) 0 f ( x) = g( x) Dng 2: f ( x) = g( x) f ( x) 0 (hay g( x) 0)
t = f ( x), t 0 Dng 3: af ( x) + b f ( x) + c = 0 2 at + bt + c = 0

Bi 3: Gii cc phng trnh sau : 1/ 2 x + 1 = x - 3 4/ |x - 2| = 3x2 - x - 2 7/ 2 x + 5 = 3 x - 2 10/ 13/ 2/ |2x - 2| = x2 - 5x + 6 5/ x 2x - 5 = 4 3/ |x + 3| = 2x + 1 6/ 2 x - 4 = x - 1 9/ 3 x - 2 = x - 2 + 2 12/ 3x 2 - 9x + 1 = x - 2

8/ x 2 - 7 x + 10 = 3 x - 1 11/ x 2 + x 2 - x - 9 = x + 3 14/ x 2x - 5 = 4

x 2 - 3x - 1 + 7 = 2 x 3x 2 - 9x + 1 = x - 2

VN 4. Phng trnh bc nht ax + b = 0 H s a0 a=0 b0 b=0 (1) Kt lun b a

(1) c nghim duy nht x = (1) v nghim (1) nghim ng vi mi x

Bi 4: Gii v bin lun cc phng trnh sau theo tham s m : 1/ 2mx + 3 = m - x 2/ (m - 1)(x + 2) + 1 = m2 Bi 5: Gii cc h phng trnh sau : 2 x + 3 y = 5 a. 3 x + y = -3 -2 x + y = 3 b. 4 x - 2 y = -6 x + 2 y = -3 c. -2 x - 4 y = 1 3/ (m2 + m)x = m2 - 1 4 7 3 x + 3 y = 41 d. 3 x - 5 y = -11 5 2

VN 5. Phng trnh bc hai 1. Cch gii ax2 + bx + c = 0

D = b - 4ac

(a 0) (1) Kt lun

D>0 D=0 D<0


Ch :

(1) c 2 nghim phn bit x1,2 = (1) c nghim kp x = (1) v nghim b 2a

-b D 2a

c Nu a + b + c = 0 th (1) c hai nghim l x = 1 v x = a . c Nu a b + c = 0 th (1) c hai nghim l x = 1 v x = - a . b Nu b chn th ta c th dng cng thc thu gn vi b = 2 .

2. nh l Viet
2 Hai s x1, x2 l cc nghim ca phng trnh bc hai ax + bx + c = 0 khi v ch khi chng tho mn cc h b c thc S = x1 + x2 = - a v P = x1 x2 = a .

Bi 6: Cho phng trnh x2 - 2(m - 1)x + m2 - 3m = 0. nh m phng trnh: a/ C hai nghim phn bit b/ C hai nghim c/ C nghim kp, tm nghim kp . d/ C mt nghim bng -1 tnh nghim cn li e/ C hai nghim tho 3(x1+x2)=- 4 x1 x2 f/ C hai nghim tho x1=3x2 Bi 7: Cho pt x2 + (m - 1)x + m + 2 = 0 a/ Gii phng trnh vi m = -8 b/ Tm m pt c nghim kp. Tm nghim kp c/ Tm m PT c hai nghim tri du d/ Tm m PT c hai nghim phn bit tha mn x12 + x22 = 9

PHN II: HNH HC


CHNG I. VC T I/ KHI NIM VC T . 1. Cc nh ngha

uuu r AB . Vect l mt on thng c hng. K hiu vect c im u A, im cui B l


Gi ca vect l ng thng cha vect .

uuu r AB . di ca vect l khong cch gia im u v im cui ca vect, k hiu r 0. Vect khng l vect c im u v im cui trng nhau, k hiu
Hai vect gl cng phng nu gi ca chng song song hoc trng nhau. Hai vect cng phng c th cng hng hoc ngc hng. Hai vect gl bng nhau nu chng cng hng v c cng di. r r a , b ,... biu din vect. Ch : + Ta cn s dng k hiu r 0 cng phng, cng hng vi mi vect. + Qui c: Vect r Mi vect 0 u bng nhau. 2. Cc php ton trn vect a) Tng ca hai vect

uuu uuu uuu r r r AB + BC = AC . Qui tc ba im: Vi ba im A, B, C tu , ta c: uuu uuu uuu r r r AB + AD = AC . Qui tc hnh bnh hnh: Vi ABCD l hnh bnh hnh, ta c: r r r r r r r r r r r r r (a + b ) + c = a + (b + c ) ; a+b =b+a; a+0=a Tnh cht:
b) Hiu ca hai vect r r r r r r r a l vect b sao cho a + b = 0 . K hiu vect i ca a l - a . Vect i ca r r Vect i ca 0 l 0 . r r r r a - b = a + ( -b ) . uuu uuu uuu r r r OB - OA = AB . Qui tc ba im: Vi ba im O, A, B tu , ta c: c) Tch ca mt vect vi mt s r r Cho vect a v s k R. ka l mt vect c xc nh nh sau: r r r r + ka cng hng vi a nu k 0, ka ngc hng vi a nu k < 0. r r ka = k . a . + r r r r r r r r r k ( a + b ) = ka + kb ; (k + l)a = ka + la ; k ( la ) = (kl)a Tnh cht: r r r r ka = 0 k = 0 hoc a = 0 . r r r r r r a va b ( a 0 ) cung phng $k R : b = ka iu kin hai vect cng phng: uuu r uuu r AB = kAC . iu kin ba im thng hng: A, B, C thng hng $k 0: r r r a , b v x tu . Biu th mt vect theo hai vect khng cng phng: Cho hai vect khng cng phng r r r x = ma + nb . Khi $! m, n R: Ch : H thc trung im on thng: uuu uuu r r uuur uuur uuur r MA + MB = 0 OA + OB = 2OM (O tu ). M l trung im ca on thng AB H thc trng tm tam gic: r uuu uuu uuu r r r uuu uuu uuu r r r uuu r GA + GB + GC = 0 OA + OB + OC = 3OG (O tu ). G l trng tm DABC 7

II/ TA 1. Trc to

r Trc to (trc) l mt ng thng trn xc nh mt im gc O v mt vect n v e . K hiu r (O; e ) . r r r To ca vect trn trc: u = (a ) u = a.e . uuur r M(k) OM = k.e . To ca im trn trc: uuu r r AB = a AB = a.e . di i s ca vect trn trc: uuu r r AB cung hng vi e th AB = AB . Ch : + Nu uuu r r AB ngc hng vi e th AB = - AB . Nu + Nu A(a), B(b) th AB = b - a .

+ H thc Sal: Vi A, B, C tu trn trc, ta c: AB + BC = AC . 2. H trc to

r r i , j . O l gc to , H gm hai trc to Ox, Oy vung gc vi nhau. Vect n v trn Ox, Oy ln lt l Ox l trc honh, Oy l trc tung. r r r r u = ( x; y) u = x.i + y. j . To ca vect i vi h trc to : uuur r r M( x; y) OM = x.i + y. j . To ca im i vi h trc to : r r a = ( x; y), b = ( x ; y ), k R , A( xA; yA), B( xB ; yB ), C ( xC ; yC ) : Tnh cht: Cho x = x r r r r r a b = ( x x ; y y ) a=b + + + ka = (kx; ky) y = y r r r b cng phng vi a 0 + $k R: x = kx va y = ky .
x y x = y (nu x 0, y 0).
xA + xB yA + yB 2

uuu r AB = ( xB - xA; yB - yA ) . +

+ To trung im I ca on thng AB: xI = + To trng tm G ca tam gic ABC: xG =

2 xA + xB + xC

; yI =

.
3 yA - kyB 1- k

+ To im M chia on AB theo t s k 1: xM = 1 - k uuur uuur MA = kMB ). ( M chia on AB theo t s k Bi 1: Cho 6 im phn bit A, B, C, D, E, F chng minh :
a ) AB + DC = AC + DB c ) AB - CD = AC - BD

3 xA - kxB

; yG =

yA + yB + yC

; yM =

uur uur uuu uur r

uur uuu uuu uur r r


uuu uuu uuu uur r r r

b) AB + ED = AD + EB

uur uur uuu uur r


uuu uuu uuu r r r

e) AC+ DE - DC - CE + CB = AB

uuu r

uuu r

d ) AD + CE + DC = AB - EB

uuu uur uuu uur uur r r

f ) AD + BE + CF = AE + BF + CD = AF + BD + CE

uuu uuu uuu r r r

uuu uuu uuu r r r

Bi 2: Cho tam gic MNP c MQ l trung tuyn ca tam gic . Gi R L trung im ca MQ. Cmr
a ) 2 RM + RN + RP = 0

b) ON + 2OM + OP = 4OR, "O bt k c) Dng im S sao cho t gic MNPS l hnh bnh hnh. Chng t rng
8

uuu uuu uur r r r

uuu r

uuu uur r

uur

uuu uuur uuur r

MS + MN - PM = 2 MP

uuu r

d)Vi im O ty , hy chng minh rng: ON + OS = OM + OP ;

uuur uuu uuuu uuu r r r uuur uuuu uuu uuu r r r uur ON + OM + OP + OS = 4OI

Bi 3:.Cho 4 im bt k A,B,C,D v M,N ln lt l trung im ca on thng AB,CD.Chng minh rng: uuu uuu uuu uuu r r r r uuuu r uuur uuu uuur uuu r r uuuu r b) AD + BD + AC + BC = 4 MN a) CA + DB = CB + DA = 2MN uur uu uur uur r uur c) Gi I l trung im ca BC.Chng minh rng: 2( AB + AI + NA + DA) = 3DB Bi 4:. Cho tam gic MNP c MQ ,NS,PI ln lt l trung tuyn ca tam gic. Chng minh rng:
a ) MQ + NS + PI = 0

uuu uur uu r r r

b) Chng minh rng hai tam gic MNP v tam gic SQI c cng trng tm . c) Gi M L im i xng vi M qua N , N L im i xng vi N qua P , P L im i xng vi P qua M. Chng minh rng vi mi im O bt k ta lun c: Bi 5: Gi G v G ln lt l trng tm ca tam gic ABC v tam gic AB C . uuur uuur uuuu r uuuu r Chng minh rng AA + BB + CC = 3GG Bi 6: Cho tam gic ABC , gi M l trung im ca AB, N l mt im trn AC sao cho NC=2NA, gi K l trung im ca MN uuur 1 uuu r 1 uuu r a ) CMR: AK= AB + AC 4 6 uuur 1 uuuu 1 uuu r r b) Gi D l trung im ca BC, chng minh : KD= AB + AC 4 3 uuu uur uuu r r Bi 7: a) Cho MK v NQ l trung tuyn ca tam gic MNP.Hy phn tch cc vct MN , NP , PM theo hai vct u = MK , v = NQ
ON + OM + OP = ON + OM + OP

r r uuu uuur uur uuur' uuuu' uuu' r

uuuu r r

uuur

b) Trn ng thng NP ca tam gic MNP ly mt im S sao cho SN = 3SP . Hy phn r uuuu r uuur r uuur tch vct MS theo hai vct u = MN , v = MP c) Gi G l trng tm ca tam gic MNP .Gi I l trung im ca on thng MG v H l im trn cnh MN sao cho MH = MN .Hy phn tch cc vct MI , MH , PI , PH theo hai vct

uuu r

uur

r uuuu r uuur r u = PM , v = PN

1 5

uur uuur uu uuu r r

Bi 8: Cho 3 im A(1,2), B(-2, 6), C(4, 4) a) Chng minh A, B,C khng thng hng b) Tm to trung im I ca on AB c) Tm to trng tm G ca tam gic ABC d) Tm to im D sao cho t gic ABCD l hnh Bnh hnh e) Tm to im N sao cho B l trung im ca on AN f) Tm to cc im H, Q, K sao cho C l trng tm ca tam gic ABH, B l trng tm ca tam gic ACQ, A l trng tm ca tam gic BCK. g) Tm to im T sao cho 2 im A v T i xng nhau qua B, qua C. uuu r uuur uuur uuur h) T m to im U sao cho AB = 3BU ; 2 AC = -5 BU uuu r uuur uuu r uuur uuu r k) Hy phn tich AB, theo 2 vec t AU v CB ; theo 2 vect AC v CN Bi 9: Cho tam gic ABC c M(1,4), N(3,0); P(-1,1) ln lt l trung im ca cc cnh: BC, CA, AB. Tm to A, B, C. Bi 10: Trong mt phng ta Oxy.Chng minh rng cc im: a) A(1;1), B(-1; 7), C(0; 4) thng hng. b) M(-1; 1), N(1; 3), P(-2; 0) thng hng. c) Q(-1; 1), R(0; 3), S(-4; 5) khng thng hng. Bi 11: Trong h trc ta cho hai im A(2; 1) v B(6; -1) Tm ta : a) im M thuc Ox sao cho A,B,M thng hng. b) im N thuc Oy sao cho A,B,N thng hng. 9

CHNG II. TCH V HNG CA HAI VC T V NG DNG I/ GI TR LNG GIC CA GC BT K T 0O N 180O 1. nh ngha

Ly M trn na ng tron n v tam O. Xet goc nhon a = xOM . Gia s M(x; y). sina = y (tung o) cosa = x (hoanh o) y y tung o tana = y (x 0) x hoanh o

M x1 x

-1 O x hoanh o cota = y tung o (y 0) Ch : Nu a t th cosa < 0, tana < 0, cota < 0. tana ch xc nh khi a 900, cota ch xc nh khi a 00 v a 1800. 2. Tnh cht Gc ph nhau Gc b nhau

sin(900 - a ) = cos a cos(900 - a ) = sin a tan(900 - a ) = cot a cot(900 - a ) = tan a 3. Gi tr lng gic ca cc gc c bit 00 300 sina cosa tana cota 0 1 0 ||
1 2
3 2 3 3

sin(1800 - a ) = sin a cos(1800 - a ) = - cos a tan(1800 - a ) = - tan a cot(1800 - a ) = - cot a 450


2 2 2 2

600
3 2 1 2

900 1 0 || 0

1800 0 1 0 ||

1 1

3
3 3

II/ TCH V HNG CA HAI VC T 1. Gc gia hai vect uuu r uuu r r r r r r a , b 0 . T mt im O bt k v OA = a , OB = b . Cho r r ( a , b ) = vi 00 1800. AOB AOB Khi Ch : r r r r ( a , b ) = 900 a ^ b + r r r r ( a , b ) = 00 a , b cng hng + r r r r + ( a , b ) = 1800 a , b ngc hng r r r r ( a, b ) = ( b, a ) + 2. Tch v hng ca hai vect rr r r r r a .b = a . b .cos ( a , b ) . nh ngha: c bit:

r a O

r A a r b

r b

rr r r2 a .a = a 2 = a .

10

r r r a , b , c bt k v "kR, ta c: Tnh cht: Vi r r r rr rr rr rr + a.b = b.a ; a ( b + c ) = a.b + a.c ; r r r r r r rr r r ( ka ) .b = k ( a.b ) = a. ( kb ) ; a 2 0; a 2 = 0 a = 0 . r r 2 r rr r r r r rr r ( a - b )2 = a 2 - 2a.b + b 2 ; + ( a + b ) = a 2 + 2a.b + b 2 ; r r r r r r a 2 - b 2 = ( a - b )( a + b ) . rr rr r r r r + a .b > 0 ( a , b ) nhon + a .b < 0 ( a , b ) tu rr r r a .b = 0 ( a , b ) vuong. 3. Biu thc to ca tch v hng r rr r a.b = a1b1 + a2 b2 . a = (a , a ), b = (b , b ). Khi : Cho
1 2 1 2

r 2 2 a = a1 + a2 ;

r r cos(a , b ) =

a1b1 + a2 b2
2 2 2 2 a1 + a2 . b1 + b2

r r a ^ b a1b1 + a2 b2 = 0

Cho A( xA; yA), B( xB ; yB ) . Khi :

AB = ( xB - xA)2 + ( yB - yA)2 .

Bi tp Bai 1. Tnh gi tr cc biu thc sau: a) a sin 0 0 + b cos 00 + c sin 900 c) a 2 sin 90 0 + b2 cos 90 0 + c2 cos1800 b) a cos 900 + b sin 900 + c sin180 0 d) 3 - sin 2 90 0 + 2 cos2 600 - 3 tan2 450

e) 4a 2 sin2 450 - 3(a tan 450 )2 + (2a cos 450 )2 Bai 2. Tnh gi tr ca cc biu thc sau: a) sin x + cos x khi x bng 00; 450; 600. b) 2 sin x + cos 2 x khi x bng 450; 300. Bai 3. Cho tam gic ABC vung ti A, AB = a, BC = 2a. Tnh cc tch v hng: uuu uuu r r uuu uuu r r uuu uuu r r a) AB. AC b) AC.CB c) AB.BC Bai 4. Cho tam gic ABC u cnh bng a. Tnh cc tch v hng: uuu uuu r r uuu uuu r r uuu uuu r r a) AB. AC b) AC.CB c) AB.BC Bai 5. Cho bn im A, B, C, D bt k. uuu uuu uuu uur uuur uuu r r r r a) Chng minh: DABC + DB.CA + DC . AB = 0 . . b) T suy ra mt cch chng minh nh l: "Ba ng cao trong tam gic ng qui". Bai 6. Cho tam gic ABC vi ba trung tuyn AD, BE, CF. Chng minh: uuu uuu uur uuu uuu uuu r r r r r BC. AD + CA.BE + AB.CF = 0 . Bai 7. Cho tam gic ABC c A(1; 1), B(5; 3), C(2; 0). a) Tnh chu vi v nhn dnguuur gicrABC. r tam uuu uuu b) Tm to im M bit CM = 2 AB - 3 AC . c) Tm tm v bn knh ng trn ngoi tip tam gic ABC. Bai 8. Cho tam gic ABC c A(1; 2), B(2; 6), C(9; 8). uuu uuu r r a) Tnh AB. AC . Chng minh tam gic ABC vung ti A. b) Tm tm v bn knh ng trn ngoi tip tam gic ABC. c) Tm to trc tm H v trng tm G ca tam gic ABC. d) Tnh chu vi, din tch tam gic ABC. e) Tm to im M trn Oy B, M, A thng hng. f) Tm to im N trn Ox tam gic ANC cn ti N. g) Tm to im D ABDC l hnh ch nht. h) Tm to im K trn Ox AOKB l hnh thang y AO. 11

B sung bi tp nng cao: (Hc sinh ban c bn c th lm) Bi1: Gi (P) l th ca hm s y = x2 - 4x + 3. a) Cho bit s bin thin v v th ( P ) ca hm s. b) Tm giao im ca (P) vi ng thng d: y = x - 1. Bi 2: Cho parabol (P):y = ax2 + 2x + c a)Tm parabol (P) bit rng (P) ct trc tung ti tung y = 2 v qua im A(-1;-1) b)V parabol (P) va tm c cu a). Bi 3: Gi (P) l th ca hm s y = x2 + bx + c. a) Cho bit s bin thin v v th (P) ca hm s khi a = 4, b = 3 b) Xc nh b; c hm s c gi tr nh nht bng -1 khi x = 1. Bi 4: Cho parabol (P): y = ax2 + bx + c ( a 0 ). a) Tm a, b, c bit rng (P) i qua im A(0;3) v c nh S(2; -1). b) Kho st s bin thin v v th hm s tm c cu a. Bi 5: Cho parabol (P): y = ax2 + bx + c ( a 0 ). a) Tm a, b, c bit rng (P) i qua im A(1; 2) v c nh S(2; 3). b) Kho st s bin thin v v th hm s tm c cu a. 2mx - m + 4 Bi 6: a) Gii v bin lun theo m phng trnh: =2 x +1 4a - 2 b) Gii v bin lun theo a phng trnh: = a+3 x-5 ( 2m - 1) x + 2 = m + 1 c) x-2 d) Gii v bin lun cc phng trnh: mx - 1 m m( x 2 + 1) + = 3)4) m 2 ( x - 1) + m = x(3m - 2) 1) mx + 1 = 2 x - m - 3 2) x -1 x + 1 x2 - 1 Bi 7: Gii v bin lun phng trnh: (m - 1) x 2 + 7 x - 12 = 0 Bi 8: Cho phng trnh ( m + 1) x 2 + ( 3m - 1) x + 2m - 2 = 0 . Xc nh m phng trnh c hai Bi 9: Cho phng trnh kx 2 - 2 ( k + 1) x + k + 1 = 0 a) Tm cc gi tr ca k phng trnh trn c t nht mt nghim dng b) Tm cc gi tr ca k phng trnh trn c mt nghim ln hn mt v mt nghim nh hn 1. Bi 10: Cho phng trnh bc hai x 2 + ( 2m - 3) x + m 2 - 2m = 0 a) Xc nh m phng trnh c hai nghim phn bit b) Vi gi tr no ca m th phng trnh c hai nghim v tch ca chng bng 3? Tm cc nghim trong trng hp . c) Vi gi tr no ca m th phng trnh c hai nghim x1 , x2 tha x1 + x2 =
12 5

nghim x1 , x2 tha x1 + x2 = 3 . Tnh cc nghim tron trng hp .

(m - 1) x + (m + 1) y = m Bi 10: a) Tm cc gi tr ca m h phng trnh sau c nghim: (3 - m) x + 3 y = 2 b) Gii v bin lun h phng trnh: (m - 1) x + (m + 1) y = m x + my = 1 mx + y = m + 1 3) 2) 1) (3 - m) x + 3 y = 2 mx - 3my = 2m + 3 x + my = 2 12

Bi 11: Gii phng trnh: 4x + 1 = 1 a) x+5 - x-3 = 2 c) Bi 12: Gii phng trnh: a) 2 x + 6 = 2 - x

b) x - 2 x - 5 = 4 d) 3x 2 + 15 x + 2 x 2 + 5 x + 1 = 2 c) 3x + 4 = 2 - x d)

b) 2 x + 5 = x 2 + 5 x + 1

x2 - 2 x + 4 = x - 1 - 2

Bi 13: Gii h phng trnh: x + 2 y = 5 x 2 + 2 y 2 - 2 xy = 5 xy + x + y = 5 a) 2 b) c) 2 2 2 x + 2 y - 2 xy = 5 x + y + x + y = 8 x + 2 y = 7 Bi 14: Bin lun theo m s nghim ca phng trnh : x 2 - 4 x + 3 = m Bi 15: Dng th bin lun s nghim ca phng trnh:

x + y = 4 d) 2 2 x + y + xy = 13

1 2 x + 2x - 6 = m -1 2

Bi 16: Dng th bin lun s nghim ca phng trnh: - x 2 + 4 x - 3 = m + 1 Bi 17: Bin lun s giao im ca hai parapol y = - x 2 - 2 x + 3 v y = x 2 - m Bi 18: Khng gii phng trnh, hy xt xem phng trnh trng phng sau y c bao nhiu nghim: x 4 + 8 x 2 + 12 = 0 Bi 19: Trong mt phng ta cho ba im A(3; -1); B( 2; 4 ); C( 5; 3). a) Chng minh A, B, C l 3 nh ca mt tam gic. b) Tm im D sao cho ABCD l hnh bnh hnh c) Tm ta ca M sao cho C l trng tm ca tam gic ABM d) Tm ta im N sao cho tam gic ABN vung cn N. Bi 20: Trong mt phng ta cho hai im A(-3; 4); B(1; 2) a) Tnh cosin ca gc OAB. b) Tm im M trn Ox sao cho AM = BM uuu r uuu r uuur r c) Tm im C sao cho O OA + 2OB + 3OC = 0 . Bi 21: Trong h ta Oxy cho 3 im A(4; 3), B(2; 7), C(-3; -8). a) Tm ta im D ABCD l hnh bnh hnh, tm ta tm ca hnh bnh hnh ABCD. b) Tm ta trc tm tam gic ABC. c) Tm ta tm ng trn ngoi tip tam gic ABC v tnh bn knh ng trn . d) Tm ta chn ng cao A1 k t A, chn ng phn gic trong ca gc A. Bi 22: Trong h ta Oxy cho A(- 4; 1), B(2; 4), C(2;- 2) a) Chng minh A, B, C l ba nh ca mt tam gic, tnh chu vi tam gic ABC. b) Tnh cos ? ABC uuur uuur uuuu r r c) Tm ta im M sao cho: 2MA + 3MB - MC = 0 . Bi 23: Cho tam gic vung cn OAB vi OA = OB = a uuu r uuu r 1. Dng vect 3OA + 4OB . 2. Tnh di vet va mi dng. Bi 24: a) Cho tanx = -2. Tnh cc gi tr lng gic cn li ca gc x. b) Cho sinx = 1/4 . Tnh cc gi tr lng gic cn li ca gc x. 5sin x - 3cos x c) Cho tan x = 5 . Tnh gi tr ca biu thc A = sin x + cos x Bi 25: Chng minh cc ng thc sau sin 2 x cos 2 x = sin x - cos x a) cos x (1 + tan x ) sin x (1 + cot x ) cos x sin x 1 b) tan x + + cot x + = 1 + sin x 1 + cos x sin x cos x Bi 26: Cho tam gic ABC ,cc im M(1; 0); N(2; 2); P(-1; 3) ln lt l trung im ca 13

cc cnh BC, CA, AB. a) Tm to trng tm G ca tam gic MNP. uuuu uuur r r b) Phn tch vct x(4; -3) theo hai vct MN , MP . c) Tm to cc nh ca tam gic ABC v kim chng hai tam gic ABC v tam gic MNPc cng trng tm. Bi 27: Cho tam gic ABC bit AB = 10, AC = 4 v A = 600 a) Tnh chu vi tam gic ABC b) K ng cao AH. Tnh dai AH v BH. Tnh din tch tam gic ABC c) Tnh tanC d) Ly D trn tia i ca tia AB sao cho AD = 6 v im E trn AC sao cho AE = x. Tm x BE l tip tuyn ca ng trn ngoi tip tam gic ADE Bi 28: Chng minh a b c a) a4 + b4 a3 b + ab3 v i m i a, b R. b) 1 + 1 + 1 + 8 vi a, b, c > 0 b c a c) ( a + b + c ) 3 a2 + b2 + c2 v i m i a, b, c R.
2

a b 1 1 1 d) (a + )(b + )(c + ) 8 "a, b, c > 0 . e) Cho a,b>0 chng minh (1 + ) 2 + (1 + ) 2 8 b a a b c uuur uuur r Bi 29: Cho tam gic ABC, gi P l im sao cho PA + PB = 0 , K l mt im trn cnh AC sao

cho KA = 3KC v E l trung im ca on PK. Chng minh ng thc 4 AE = Bi 30: a) Cho cos x = - . Tnh sinx, tanx, cotx? b) Cho cotx = 3, hy tm cc gi tr lng gic cn li ca gc x?

uuur

5 uuur uuur AB + BC . 2

1 3

14

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