Tap de Thi HSG Hoa 11

Trng THPT K Thut L Thy Tuyn tp thi HSG Ha 11
Gio vin:Nguyn Cao Chung - 1 - Bin son v su tm!

1
Cu I ( im):
1) C 3 ng nghim, mi ng cha 2 cation v 2 anion (khng trng lp) trong s cc ion sau : NH
4
+
,
Na
+
, Ag
+
, Ba
2+
, Mg
2+
, Al
3+
, Cl
, Br
, NO
3
, CO
3
2
, SO
4
2
, PO
4
3
. Hy xc nh cc cation v anion
trong tng ng nghim.
2) Cho 5 dd : Na
2
CO
3
, FeCl
3
, NaOH, Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
, AgNO
3
. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra
(nu c) khi ln lt cho mt dung dch ny phn ng vi cc dung dch cn li.
3) C 5 cht bt mu trng ng trong 5 bnh ring bit b mt nhn hiu l: NaCl, Na
2
CO
3
, Na
2
SO
4
,
BaCO
3
v BaSO
4
. Ch c dng thm nc v CO
2
hy trnh by cch phn bit tng cht.
Cu II ( im):
Ho tan hon ton 4,24 gam Na
2
CO
3
vo nc thu c dung dch A. Cho t t tng git 20,00
gam dung dch HCl nng 9,125% vo A v khuy mnh. Tip theo cho thm vo dung dch
cha 0,02 mol Ca(OH)
2
.
1. Hy cho bit nhng cht g c hnh thnh v lng cc cht . Cht no trong cc cht
cn li trong dung dch.
2. Nu cho t t tng git dung dch A vo 20,00 gam dung dch HCl nng 9,125% v
khuy mnh, sau cho thm dung dch cha 0,02 mol Ca(OH)
2
vo dung dch trn. Hy gii thch
hin tng xy ra v tnh khi lng cc cht to thnh sau phn ng.
Gi thit cc phn ng xy ra hon ton.
Cu III ( im):
Khi cracking butan to ra hn hp gm farafin v olefin trong c hai cht A v B .T khi ca B
so vi A l 1,5 . Tm A, B.
T A tm c trn ,vit cc phn ng chuyn ho theo s sau:
Br
2
NaOH CuO Cu(OH)
2
H
2
SO
4

A A
1
A
2
A
3
A
4
A
5

NaOH
Cu IV ( im):
Chia 2,2 gam hn hp gm Fe v kim loi M c ho tr khng i thnh hai phn bng nhau. Ho tan
phn 1 bng dung dch HCl thu c 0,896 lit H
2
(ktc). Ho tan hon ton phn 2 trong dung dch
HNO
3
c nng thu c 2,016 lt NO
2
(ktc) .
1) Xc nh M.
2) Tnh % khi lng ca mi kim loi trong hn hp u .
Cu V ( im):
Mt hp cht hu c A cha cc nguyn t C, H, O . Khi t chy A phi dng mt lng O
2
bng 8 ln lng O
2
c trong hp cht A v thu c CO
2
v H
2
O theo t l khi lng 22 : 9. Tm
cng thc n gin ca A, tm cng thc phn t ca A bit rng 2,9 gam A khi cho bay hi 54,6
o
C
, 0,9 atm c th tch ng bng th tch ca 0,2 gam He o cng nhit p sut. Vit cc cng
thc cu to c th c ca A da vo thuyt cu to ho hc.

P N
Cu Ni dung
Cu I
1/

ng nghim 1: NH
4
+
, Na
+
, CO
3
2-
, PO
4
-
ng nghim 1: Ag
+
, Mg
2+
, NO
3
-
, SO
4
2-
ng nghim 1: Ba
2+
, Al
3+
, Cl
-
, Br
-
2/

Cc ptp:
1. 3Na
2
CO
3
+ 2FeCl
3
+ 3H
2
O 6NaCl + 2Fe(OH)
3
+ 3CO
2

2. 3Na
2
CO
3
+ Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ 3H
2
O 3Na
2
SO
4
+ 2Al(OH)
3
+ 3CO
2

3. Na
2
CO
3
+ 2AgNO
3
2NaNO
3
+ Ag
2
CO
3
+
4. FeCl
3
+ 3NaOH 3NaCl +Fe(OH)
3
+
5. FeCl
3
+ 3AgNO
3
Fe(NO
3
)
3
+ 3AgCl +
6. Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ 6NaOH 3Na
2
SO
4
+

2Al(OH)
3
+
7. Al(OH)
3
+ NaOH
d
NaAlO
2
+ 2H
2
O

8. Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ 6AgNO
3
2Al(NO
3
)
3
+ 3Ag
2
SO
4
+
3/

+ Ly mu th t cc cht trn
+ Ho tan ln lt tng cht vo nc
- Cc cht tan to dung dch l: NaCl; Na
2
CO
3
; Na
2
SO
4

- Cc cht khng tan l: BaCO
3
; BaSO
4

+ Ho tan hai cht khng tan trong nc vo nc c CO
2
:
- Cht tan dn to thnh dung dch l: BaCO
3

Ptp: BaCO
3
+ CO
2
+ H
2
OBa(HCO
3
)
2 tan
- Cht khng tan cn li l: BaSO
4

+ Dng dung dch Ba(HCO
3
)
2
va iu ch c cho tc dng vi cc dung dch NaCl;
Na
2
CO
3
; Na
2
SO
4
trn:
- Hai dung dch c kt ta trng xut hin l Na
2
CO
3
; Na
2
SO
4

Ptp: 1, Ba(HCO
3
)
2
+ Na
2
CO
3
BaCO
3
++ 2NaHCO
3

2, Ba(HCO
3
)
2
+ Na
2
SO
4
BaSO
4
++ 2NaHCO
3

- Dung dch khng c hin tng g l NaCl
Lc ly kt ta trn em ho tan trong nc c CO
2
, kt ta tan l BaCO
3
, dung dch
ban u l Na
2
CO
3
;
Cht cn li l Na
2
SO
4

Cu II
1/

2 3
4, 24
0, 04
106
Na CO
n mol = = ;
20.9,125
0, 05
100.36, 5
HCl
n mol = = ;
2
( )
0, 02
Ca OH
n mol =
Cho t t dung dch HCl vo dung dch A:
1. Na
2
CO
3
+ HCl NaHCO
3
+ NaCl
2. NaHCO
3
+ HCl NaCl + CO
2
| + H
2
O
3 2 3
(1)
0, 04
NaHCO HCl Na CO
n n n mol = = = ;
3
(2) (2)
0, 05 0, 04 0, 01
NaHCO HCl
n n mol = = = ;
Sau phn ng 1; 2 trong dung dch c: NaCl ( 0, 05
NaCl HCl
n n mol = = )
NaHCO
3
(
3
0, 03
NaHCO
n mol = )
Cho tip vo dung dch Ca(OH)
2
:
3. 2NaHCO
3
+ Ca(OH)
2
Ca(HCO
3
)
2
+ 2NaOH
4. Ca(HCO
3
)
2
+ Ca(OH)
2
2CaCO
3
+ + 2H
2
O
Theo (3):
3 2 2 3
( ) (3) ( ) (3)
1
0, 015
2
Ca HCO Ca OH NaHCO
n n n mol = = = ;

3
0, 03
NaOH NaHCO
n n mol = =
Theo (4):
3 2 2
( ) (4) ( ) (4)
0, 02 0, 015 0, 005
Ca HCO Ca OH
n n mol = = = ;

3 2
( ) (4)
2 2.0, 005 0, 01
CaCO Ca OH
n n mol = = = ;
Sau phn ng 3, 4 sn phm thu c gm:
NaCl (0,05 mol) tn ti trong dd; NaOH(0,03 mol)
Ca(HCO
3
)
2
(
3 2
( )
0, 015 0, 005 0, 01
Ca HCO
n mol = = ) tn ti trong dd
CaCO
3
(0,01 mol) tch ra khi dung dch
0, 05.58, 5 2, 925
NaCl
m gam = = ; 0, 03.40 1, 2
NaOH
m gam = =
3 2
( )
0, 01.162 1, 62
Ca HCO
m gam = = ;
3
0, 01.100 1
CaCO
m gam = =
2/

Cho t t dung dch A vo dung dch HCl:
1. Na
2
CO
3
+ 2HCl 2NaCl + CO
2
|+ H
2
O


2 3 2 3
(1)
1 1
.0, 05 0, 025
2 2
Na CO HCl Na CO bd
n n mol n = = = < ;
Sau phn ng 1, trong dung dch cn:
NaCl (0,05 mol);
Na
2
CO
3
(0,04 0,025 = 0,015 mol)
Cho tip dung dch Ca(OH)
2
vo:
2. Ca(OH)
2
+ Na
2
CO
3
CaCO
3
++ 2NaOH
Sau phn ng 2, sn phm thu c gm:
NaCl (0,05 mol); NaOH(
2 3
2. 2.0, 015 0, 03
NaOH Na CO
n n mol = = = )
CaCO
3
(
3 2 3
0, 015
CaCO Na CO
n n mol = = );
Ca(OH)
2
d (0,02 0,015 = 0,005 mol);
Khi lng sn phm:
0, 05.58, 5 2, 925
NaCl
m gam = = ; 0, 03.40 1, 2
NaOH
m gam = = ;
3
0, 015.100 1, 5
CaCO
m gam = = ;
2
( )
0, 005.74 0,37
Ca OH
m gam = =
Cu III
Crakinh butan:
1. C
4
H
10
CH
4
+ C
3
H
6

2. C
4
H
10
C
2
H
4
+ C
2
H
6

Ta c: 1, 5
B
d
A
= => B l C
3
H
6
; A l C
2
H
4

Cc ptp:
1. CH
2
= CH
2
+ Br
2
CH
2
Br CH
2
Br
A
1
2. CH
2
Br CH
2
Br + 2NaOH CH
2
OH CH
2
OH + 2NaBr
A
2
3. CH
2
OH CH
2
OH + 2CuO
0
t
CHO CHO + 2Cu + 2H
2
O
A
3

4. CHO CHO+ 4Cu(OH)
2
+ 2NaOH NaOOC COONa + 2Cu
2
O + 6H
2
O
A
4

5. NaOOC COONa + H
2
SO
4
HOOC COOH + Na
2
SO
4

A
5
Cu IV
1/

Gi x, y ln lt l s mol Fe, M trong mt phn; a l ho tr ca M
Phn 1: Ho tan trong HCl
1. Fe + 2HCl FeCl
2
+ H
2

2. M + aHCl MCl
a
+
2
a
H
2

2
0,896
0, 04
2 2 22, 4
H Fe M
a a
n n n x y mol = + = + = = (*)
Phn 2: Ho tan trong HNO
3
:
3. Fe + 6HNO
3
Fe(NO
3
)
3
+ 3NO
2
+ 3H
2
O
4. M + 2aHNO
3
M(NO
3
)
a
+ aNO
2
+ aH
2
O

2
2,016
3 . 3 0, 09
22, 4
NO Fe M
n n a n x ay mol = + = + = = (**)
T (*) v (**) suy ra: x = 0,01 mol; ay = 0,06 mol => y =
0, 06
a

Theo gt: m
hh
= 1,1 = 56x + My = 56. 0,01 + M
0, 06
a


M = 9a
a = 3 v M = 27 (Al) l ph hp
2/

a = 3 => y = 0,02 mol
Thnh phn % khi lng mi kim loi trong hn hp u:
%Fe =
56.0, 01
.100 50, 91%
1,1
= ; %Al = 49,09%
Cu V

CTPT ca A l: C
x
H
y
O
z
(x, y,z nguyn)
Ptp: C
x
H
y
O
z
+ (
4 2
y z
x + )O
2
xCO
2
+
2
y
H
2
O
Ta c:
2 2
: 44 :9 22: 9
CO H O
m m x y = = => y = 2x

2
( ) ( )
8 32.( ) 8.16 3
4 2
O pu O A
y z
m m x z z x = + = =
CTG ca A l: (C
3
H
6
O)
n

S mol A 54,6
o
C , 0,9 atm l:
0, 2
0, 05
4
A He
n n mol = = =
M
A
=
2, 9
58
0, 05
A
M = = = 58n =>n = 1
CTPT ca A l C
3
H
6
O
Cc CTCT c th c ca A:
1. CH
3
CH
2
CH=O
2. (CH
3
)
2
C =O
3. CH
2
= CH CH
2
OH
4. CH
2
= CH O CH
3

2
Cu 1 : ( 4 im ) tan ca H
2
S trong dung dch HClO
4
0,003M l 0,1 mol / lit . Nu thm vo dung
dch ny cc ion Mn
2+
v Cu
2+
sao cho nng ca chng bng 2.10
-4
M th ion no s kt ta di
dng sunfat ?
Bit T
MnS
= 3.10
-14
, T
CuS
= 8.10
-37
;
2
21
1, 3.10
H S
K

=

Cu 2 : ( 3 im )Cho dung dch CH
3
COOH 0,1M. Bit
3
5
1, 75.10
CH COOH
K

= .
a/ Tnh nng ca cc ion trong dung dch v tnh pH.
b/ Tnh in li o ca axit trn.
Cu 3 : (4 im )Cho cc n cht A, B, C . Thc hin phn ng :
A + B X
X + H
2
O NaOH + B
B + C Y
Y + NaOH
1 : 1
Z + H
2
O
Cho 2,688 lit kh X ( kc ) qua dung dch NaOH th khi lng cht tan bng 2,22 gam .
Lp lun xc nh A, B, C v hon thnh phn ng .
Cu 4 : ( 5 im ) Cho 13 gam hn hp A mt kim loi kim M v mt kim loi M
( ha tr II ) tan
hon ton vo nc to thnh dung dch B v 4,032 lt H
2
(ktc). Chia dung dch B lm 2 phn bng
nhau :Phn 1 : em c cn thu c 8,12 gam cht rn X.
Phn 2 : Cho tc dng vi 400 ml dung dch HCl 0,35 mol to ra kt ta Y.
a. Tm kim loi M, M. Tnh s gam mi kim loi trong hn hp A.
b. Tnh khi lng kt ta Y.
Cu 5 : ( 4 im ) Hn hp kh X gm 2 hydrocacbon A, B mch thng. Khi lng phn t ca A
nh hn khi lng phn t ca B. Trong hn hp X, A chim 75% theo th tch.
t chy hon ton X cho sn phm hp th qua bnh cha dung dch Ba(OH)
2
d, sau th nghim
khi lng dung dch trong bnh gim 12,78 gam ng thi thu c 19,7 gam kt ta.

a)Tm cng thc phn t ca A,B.Bit t khi hi ca X i vi H
2
l 18,5 v A, B cng dy ng
ng.
b. V s xen ph cc obitan gii thch cc lin kt trong phn t A.
P N
Cu 1 : ( 4 im )
Trong dung dch HClO
4
0,003 M [H
+
]=0,003 M 0,5 im
H
2
S 2H
+
+ S
2-
0,5 im
| |
( )
2
2
2
21
2 17
2
2
1, 3.10 .0,1
1, 4.10
0, 003
H S
H S
K S
H S
+

( (

( = = =

1 im
2 2 4 17 21
2.10 .1, 4.10 2, 8.10
MnS
Mn S T
+
( ( = = <

=> MnS khng kt ta.

2 2 4 17 21
2.10 .1, 4.10 2,8.10
CuS
Cu S T
+
( ( = = >

=> CuS kt ta.
Cu 2 : ( 3 im )

3 3
CH COOH CH COO H
+
+ 0,5 im

5
3
4
. 1, 75.10 .0,1 0, 0013
lg lg13.10
A
H CH COO K C
pH H
+
+
( ( = = = =

( = =

5
1, 75.10
0, 0132
0,1
K
C
o

= = = 1 im
Cu 3 : ( 4 im )
A : Na ; B : H
2
; X : NaH 0,5 im
B + C Y C l phi kim, Y l axt 0,5 im
1:1
2
Y NaOH Z H O + + 0,5 im
1mol Y phn ng khi lng cht tan tng ( Y - 18 )g
2, 688
0,12 2, 22
22, 4
mol g = 0,5 im
( )
18 1
36, 5
2, 22 0,12
:
Y
Y
C Clo
= =
1 im
Vit phng trnh phn ng 1 im
Cu 4 : ( 5 im )
V dung dch B + dung dch HCl kt ta nn M c hydroxyt lng tnh.

M + H
2
O = MOH +
2
1
2
H (1)
x mol x
2
x
mol
M + 2MOH = M
2
MO
2
+ H
2
(2)
y mol 2y y y
MOH + HCl = MCl + H
2
O (3)
( ) ( ) 2 2
2 2
x y x y

M
2
MO
2
+ 2HCl = M(OH)
2
+ 2MCl (4)
2
y
y
2
y

M(OH)
2
+ 2HCl = MCl
2
+ 2H
2
O (5) 1 im

2
0,14
0,18
HCl
H
n mol
n mol
=
=
0,5 im
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
0,18 1
2
17 2 ' 32 8,12 2
2 2
' 13 3
x
y
x y
M y M M
Mx M y
+ =
| |
+ + + + =
|
\ .
+ =
0,5 im
( )
( )
( )
( )
2 17 17 ' 16 8,12
2 2 2
' 17 8,12
2 2 2
1
' 17 8,12
2 2
17 1, 62
2
17 2 3, 24 4
1 2 0, 36
18 3, 6
0, 2 ; 0, 08
x x y
M My y My M y
x y x
M M y
x
Mx M y y
x
y
x y
x y
x
x y
+ + + + =
| |
+ + =
|
\ .
+ + =
=
=
+ =
=
= =
1 im
(3) => 0,2M + 0,08M = 13
=> 2,5M + M = 162,5 ( M<65 )
M Li (7) Na (23) K (39)
M 145 (loi) 105 (loi) 65 (Zn)
M l Kali => m
K
= 39 x 0,2 = 7,8 g
M l Zn => m
Zn
= 65 x 0,08 = 5,2 g 1 im
2 0, 2 0,16
0, 08 0,1
2 2
HCl
x y
n y mol

= + = + = ( phn ng 3 +4 )
n
HCl d
= 0,14 - 0,1 = 0,04 mol
n
Zn(OH)2
= 0, 04
2
y
mol = ( phn ng 4 )
(5) => n
Zn(OH)2
=
1
2
n
HCl
= 0,02 mol
=> n
Zn(OH)2 d
= 0,04 - 0,02 = 0,02 mol
m
Zn(OH)2
= 99 x 0,02 = 1,98 g 0,5 im
Cu 5 : ( 4 im )
Cht tng ng 2 hydrocacbon A, B :
x y
C H
( )
2 2 2
2 2 3 2
2
19, 7
0,1
197
x y
y
C H O x CO H O
a ax
CO Ba OH BaCO H O
ax ax
ax mol
+ +
+ +
= =
1 im
Gi m dung dch ban u l m :

C B D H
2
O 2
C B H
2
O 2 NaOH 2 E
( )
44 18 19, 7 12, 78
2
44 18 6, 92 1
2
ay
ax m m
ay
ax
+ + =
+ =
1 im
th ax vo ( 1) =>
2 2
0,14
2
, :
H O CO
ay
n n A B Ankan
=
>

0,5 im
( )
( )
(14 2)75 (14 2)25
37
100
3 10 4
; 3, 3
X
n m
M
n m m
n m n
+ + +
= =
+ = s
< <
0,5 im
n 1 2 3
m 7( loi ) 4 1( loi )
=> A : C
2
H
6
B : C
4
H
10
0,5 im
M t kiu lai ha ca phn t C
2
H
6
Lai ha sp
3
0,5 im

3
Cu I: Cho t t kh CO qua ng ng 3,2 gam CuO nung nng . Kh ra khi ng c hp th hon
ton vo nc vi trong d thy to thnh 1 gam kt ta. Cht rn cn li trong ng s cho vo cc
ng 500 ml dung dch HNO
3
0,16M thu c V
1
lt kh NO v cn mt phn kim loi cha tan.
Thm tip vo cc 760 ml dung dch HCl nng 2/3 mol/l sau khi phn ng xong thu thm V
2
lt
kh NO. Sau thm tip 12 gam Mg vo dung dch sau phn ng thu c V
3
lt hn hp kh H
2
v
N
2
, dung dch mui clorua v hn hp M ca cc kim loi.
1. Tnh cc th tch V
1
, V
2
, V
3
. Bit cc phn ng xy ra hon ton cc th tch kh o ktc
2. Tnh khi lng mi kim loi trong hn hp M
Cu II: Thm t t tng git AgNO
3
vo dung dch hn hp cha ng thi cc ion Cl
-
0,01 M v I
-

0,01 M th AgCl hay AgI kt ta trc ? Khi no c hai cht cng kt ta ? Bit tch s tan T
AgCl
= 10
-
10
;
T
AgI
= 10
-16
.
Cu III: Mt hp cht ion cu to t cation M
+
v anion X
2-
. Trong phn t MX
2
c tng s ht ( p,
n, e) l 140, trong ht mang in nhiu hn ht khng mang in l 44 ht . S khi ca ion M
+
ln
hn s khi ca ion X
2-
l 23. Tng s ht trong ion M
+
nhiu hn trong ion X
2-
l 31.
1. Vit cu hnh e ca cc ion M
+
v X
2+
.
2. Xc nh v tr ca M v X trong bng tun hon .
Cu IV: t chy hon ton hn hp hircacbon kh cng dy ng ng A c th tch l 2,24lt
0
0
C , 1 atm v B ri hp th ton b sn phm chy vo dung dch NaOH , cho tip dung dch BaCl
2

d vo thy xut hin 78,8gam cht kt ta, lc b kt ta em un si dung dch n phn ng hon
ton li thu c 27,8 gam kt ta na. Hy xc nh cng thc phn t, cng thc cu to ca hai
hircacbon bit s mol cng nh s nguyn t cacbon ca A nh hn ca B v hn hp trn phn
ng vi dung dch AgNO
3
/NH
3

d thu c 12 gam cht kt ta , bit hiu sut phn ng ln hn 45%.Tnh hiu sut phn ng.
Cu V: Cho 2 mol N
2
v 8 mol H
2
vo bnh kn c th tch l 2 lt, sau khi phn ng:
N
2(K)
+ 3H
2(K)
2NH
3(K)

t trng thi cn bng , a nhit v nhit ban u , th p sut trong bnh bng 0,9 ln p
sut u. Tnh K cn bng.
Cu VI: Cho s phn ng:
(1) A + B
0
t
C (2)
(3) (4) C + 2HCl 2F + D +H
2
O
A : C
n
H
2n+2
; B : C
m
H
2m+2


(5) A + NaCl G + F (6) G
0
t
E + D + H
2
O
(7) B + HNO
2
H (8) H
0
t
N
2
+ H
2
O
Xc nh cc cht v c A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H. Hon thnh cc phng trnh phn ng.
CuVII: Ha tan 23 gam mt hn hp gm kim loi Bari v hai kim loi kim A,B thuc hai chu k
lin tip vo nc c dung dch D v 5,6 lt H
2
(o iu kin tiu chun)
a) Nu trung ha dung dch D cn bao nhiu ml H
2
SO
4
0,5M
b) Nu thm 180ml dung dch Na
2
SO
4
0,5M vo dung dch D th dung dch sau phn ng vn cha
kt ta Ba
+2
. Nu thm 210ml dung dch Na
2
SO
4
0,5M vo dung dch D, sau phn ng cn d
dung dch Na
2
SO
4
. Xc nh tn hai kim loi.
P N:
CuI: Cc phn ng:
CuO + CO = Cu + CO
2
(1)
CO
2
+ Ca(OH)
2
= CaCO
3
+ H
2
O (2)
Theo (1) v (2) ta c :
N
Cu
= n
CO
2

= 1: 100 = 0,01 mol
n
CuO ban u
=
80
2 , 3
= 0,04 mol
n
CuO cn li
= 0,04 0,01 = 0,03 mol
Cc phn ng khi cho HNO
3
vo :
CuO + 2HNO
3
= Cu(NO
3
)
2
+ H
2
O (3)
Hoc CuO + 2H
+
= Cu
2+
+ H
2
O (3
)
3CuO + 8HNO
3
= 3Cu(NO
3
)
2
+ 2NO + 4H
2
O (4)
Hoc 3Cu + 8H
+
+ 2NO
3
= 3Cu
2+
+ 2NO + 4H
2
O (4
)
Gi x, y l s mol H
+
tham gia phn ng (3
) v (4
)
Ta c : x + y = 0,8 mol
V CuO ht nn x/2 = 0,03 x = 0,06 v y = 0,02
v n
Cu tan
=
8
3
.y =
4
03 , 0
; Theo (4) th V
1
=
4
y
. 22,4 =
4
02 , 0
.22,4 = 0,112 lt
Theo (4
) th khi ht H
+
th Cu khng b tan na, nhng trong dung dch vn cn NO
3
ca
Cu(NO
3
)
2
, nn khi cho HCl vo th phn ng (4
) li tip tc xy ra v sau Cu cn li phi tan ht

theo phng trnh (4
) . Nh vy tng s mol NO l:
n
NO
=
3
2
n
Cu
=
3
2
.0,001 =
3
002 , 0
hay
3
002 , 0
.22,4 lt =
3
448 , 0
lt
Do : V
2
=
3
448 , 0
- V
1
= 0,037 lt
S mol H
+
cn ha tan ht Cu theo (4
) =
3
8
.0,01 0,02 =
3
02 , 0
mol
Cc phn ng khi cho Mg vo:
5Mg + 12H
+
+ 2NO
3
= 5Mg
2+
+ N
2
+ 6H
2
O (5)
Mg + 2H
+
= Mg
2+
+ H
2
(6)
Tng s mol NO
3
cn li sau khi Cu tan ht = 0,08 -
3
02 , 0
. Nn s mol ca Mg tham gia phn
ng (5) =
2
5
.
3
22 , 0
=
3
55 , 0

V tng s mol H
+
ca HCl = 0,076. 2/3 = 1,52/3 mol ; m s mol H
+
tham gia phn ng (5) =
12/2 . 0,02/3 = 1,32/3 mol nn s mol H
+
tham gia phn ng (6) bng 1,52/33 0,02/3 - 1,32/3 =
0,06 mol
Do s mol Mg tham gia (6) = . 0,06 = 0,03 mol
V
3
= V
N
2
+ V
H
2
= 1,49 lt.

1. Sau khi tan trong axit Mg cn li = 12/24 0,03 0,55/3 = 0,86/3 mol tham gia phn ng:
Cu
2+
+

Mg = Mg
2+
+ Cu+ (7)
Trc phn ng : 0,04 0,86/3
Phn ng : 0,04 0,04
Sau phn ng : 0 0,74/3 0,04 0,04
Khi lng cc kim loi trong M
m
Mg
=
3
74 , 0
. 24 = 5,92 g
m
Cu
= 0,04. 64 = 2,56 g
CuII: kt ta AgI xut hin cn: [Ag
+
] =
2
16
10
10
= 10
-14
M
kt ta AgCl xut hin cn: [Ag
+
] =
2
10
10
10
= 10
-8
M
AgI kt ta trc.
Tip tc thm Ag
+
th I
-
tip tc b kt ta cho ti khi [Ag
+
] = 10
-8
M th c AgI v AgCl cng
kt ta .
Lc [Ag
+
] [I
-
]
cn
= 10
-16
v [Ag
+
] [Cl
-
]
cn
= 10
-16

Vy khi AgCl bt u kt ta th [I
-
] =
10
16 2
10
10 . 10

( 10
-8
I
-
kt ta ht.
CuIII:
1.Gi s p, s n, s e trong M ln lt : Z
M
, N
M
, E
M
Gi s p, s n, s e trong X ln lt : Z
X
, N
X
, E
X

Trong nguyn t s p = s e Z
M
= E
M
v Z
X
= E
X

Ta c : 4Z
M
+ 2N
M
+ 2Z
X
+ N
X
=140 (1)
(4Z
M
+ 2 Z
X
) (2N
M
+ N
X
) = 44 (2)
(Z
M
+ N
M
) (Z
X
+ N
X
) = 23 (3)
(2Z
M
+ N
M
1) (2Z
X
+ N
X
+ 2) = 31 (4)
Z
M
= 19, N
M
= 20 M l Kali (K)
Z
X
= 8 , N
X
= 8 X l oxi (O)
Cu hnh e: M
+
: 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
6

X
2-
: 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
2.V tr: K thuc chu k 4, nhm IA ; O thuc chu k 2, nhm VIA
Cu IV:Gi hai hircacbon cho c CTPT:C
x
H
y
(0,1 mol) v C
n
H
m
(a mol)
vi : 2 x, n 4
Cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra:
C
x
H
y
+ (x + y/4) O
2
xCO
2
+ y/2 H
2
O (1)
0,1mol 0,1x
C
n
H
m
+ (n + m/4) O
2
nCO
2
+ m/2 H
2
O (2)
a mol an mol
CO
2
+ 2NaOH Na
2
CO
3
+ H
2
O (3)
CO
2
+ NaOH NaHCO
3
(4)
Na
2
CO
3
+ BaCl
2
BaCO
3
+ 2NaCl. (5)
2NaHCO
3

0
t
Na
2
CO
3
+ CO
2
+ H
2
O (6)
Na
2
CO
3
+ BaCl
2
BaCO
3
+ 2NaCl. (7)
n
3
BaCO
(p 5) = 0,4 mol
n
3
BaCO
(p 7) = 0,14 mol
T p(1)(7)
2
CO
n (p 1,2) = 0,68mol
0,1x + an = 0,68 (8)
Ta c : a > 0,1 0,1x + 0,1n < 0,68 x + n < 6,8
V x < n x = 2 n = 3 hoc n = 4
V x = 2, hn hp cho p vi AgNO
3
/NH
3
nn hn hp ny l ankin.

Cc cht c th l:
4 3
2 2
H C
H C
hoc
6 4
2 2
H C
H C

Trng hp1:
) 16 , 0 (
) 1 , 0 (
4 3
2 2
mol H C
mol H C

) 16 , 0 (
) 1 , 0 (
3 3
2 2
mol Ag H C
mol Ag C

H% =
52 , 47
12
.100% = 25,25% < 45% (loi)
Trng hp 2:
) 12 , 0 (
) 1 , 0 (
6 4
2 2
mol H C
mol H C

-Nu C
4
H
6
l CH
3
-CH
2
CH Kt ta :
) 12 , 0 (
) 1 , 0 (
5 4
2 2
mol Ag H C
mol Ag C

H% =
32 , 43
12
.100% = 27,7% < 45% (loi)
- Nu C
4
H
6
l CH
3
-C C-CH
3
Kt ta to ra ch c: C
2
Ag
2
(0,1mol)
H% =
24
12
.100% = 50% > 45% (nhn)
CuV:Tng s mol ban u trong bnh kn :
b
n = 2+ 8 = 10 mol
Trong cng iu kin t
0
v V : T l mol = T l p sut.
Ta c:
s
P
P
=
s
n
n

9 , 0
1
=
s
n
10
n
s
= 0,9 x 10 = 9 mol
Gi x l s mol N
2
tham gia phn ng:
N
2(K)
+ 3H
2(K)
2NH
3(K)
Trc p: 2 mol 8 mol
Phn ng: x mol 3x mol 2x mol
Sau p : (2 x) (8-3x) 2x mol
Tng s mol cc cht kh sau phn ng:
s
n = 10 2x = 9 mol x = o,5mol
trng thi cn bng :
n
N
2
= 2 0,5 = 1,5 mol [N
2
] =
2
5 , 1
= 0,75 mol/lt
n
H
2
= 8 3 x 0,5 = 6,5 mol/lt [H
2
] =
2
5 , 6
= 3,25 mol/lt
n
NH
3
= 2 x 0,5 = 1 mol [NH
3
] =
2
1
= 0,5 mol/lt
K
cb
=
2
2
3
3
2
. H
N
NH
C C
C
=
3
2
) 25 , 3 ).( 75 , 0 (
) 5 , 0 (
= 9,71. 10
-3

CuVI: A: NH
4
HCO
3
; B: NH
3
; C: (NH
4
)
2
CO
3
; D: CO
2
; E: Na
2
CO
3
;
G: NaHCO
3
; F : NH
4
Cl ; H: NH
4
NO
2

Cu VII:
a) Ba + 2H
2
O Ba(OH)
2
+ H
2
(1)
x mol x mol x mol
2A + 2H
2
O 2AOH + H
2
(2)
y mol y mol y mol
2B + 2H
2
O 2BOH + H
2
(3)
z mol z mol z mol
Chia dung dch D :
Ba(OH)
2
+ H
2
SO
4
BaSO
4
+ 2H
2
O (4)
x/2mol x/2 mol
2AOH + H
2
SO
4
A
2
SO
4
+ 2H
2
O (5)

y/2mol y/4mol
2BOH + H
2
SO
4
B
2
SO
4
+ 2H
2
O (5)
z/2mol z/4mol
x +
2
y
+
2
z
= n
H
2
=
5 , 22
6 , 5
= 0,25

2
x
+
4
y
+
4
z
= n
4 2
SO H
=
2
1
n
H
2

=
2
25 , 0
; V
4 2
SO H
=
5 , 0 2
25 , 0
x
= 0,25 lt
b) n
4 2
SO Na
(ln u) = 0,18 x 0,5 = 0,09 mol; n
4 2
SO Na
(ln sau) = 0,21 x 0,5 = 0,105 mol
0,09 ( n
Ba
( 0,105

gam
x
33 , 12
137 09 , 0 ( m
Ba
(

gam
x
385 , 14
137 105 , 0 ; m
B A+
= 23 - m
Ba

gam 6 , 8
385 , 14 23 ( m
Ba
(

gam 67 , 10
33 , 12 23
Theo pt (2), (3) :
n
(A+ B)
= 2n
2
H
= 2(0,25 - n
Ba
) = 0,5 - 2n
Ba

gam
x
29 , 0
) 105 , 0 2 ( 5 , 0 ( n
(A + B)
(

gam
x
32 , 0
) 09 , 0 2 ( 5 , 0
27
32 , 0
6 , 8
~ ( M
(A + B)
(
29 , 0
67 , 10
= 37 2 kim loi : Na v K

4
Cu 1: ( 4im)
Cho phn ng: H
2 (K)
+ I
2

(K)
2HI
(K)

Thc hin phn ng trong bnh kn 0,5lt t
o
C vi 0,2mol H
2
v 0,2mol I
2
.Khi phn ng t trng
thi cn bng nng ca HI l 0,3mol/lt.
1.1.Tnh hng s cn bng ca phn ng t
o
C.
1.2..Thm vo cn bng trn 0,1mol H
2
th cn bng dch chuyn theo chiu no tnh nng cc
cht trng thi cn bng mi.
1.3..Tnh hng s cn bng ca phn ng sau t
o
C.
HI
(K)

2
1
H
2 (K)
+
2
1
I
2

(K)
P N
1.1.Tnh hng s cn bng ca phn ng t
o
C.
Theo gi thit: [H
2
] = [I
2
] = 0,4mol/lt

H
2 (K)
+ I
2

(K)
2HI
(K)

Trc phn ng: 0,4 (mol/lt) 0,4(mol/lt)
Lc cn bng: 0,25(mol/lt) 0,25 (mol/lt ) 0,3 (mol/lt )

K
cb
= 44 , 1
25 , 0 . 25 , 0
3 , 0
2
=
1.2.Nng cc cht trng thi cn bng mi:
- Nu thm vo cn bng 0,1mol H
2
nng H
2
tng cn bng dch chuyn theo chiu thun.
- Khi thm 0,1 mol H
2
nng H
2
= 0,25 + 0,2 = 0,45mol/lt
Gi x l nng H
2
tham gia phn ng t cn bng mi.
H
2 (K)
+ I
2

(K)
2HI
(K)

Trc phn ng: 0,45 (mol/lt) 0,25(mol/lt) 0,3(mol/lt)
Lc cn bng: 0,45-x (mol/lt ) 0,25-x (mol/lt) 0,3+2x (mol/lt)
K
cb
= 44 , 1
) 45 , 0 ).( 25 , 0 (
) 2 3 , 0 (
2
=

+
x x
x
2,56x
2
+ 2,208x 0,072 = 0 K: 0< x < 0,25

Gii phng trnh ta c : x = 0,03146 nhn ; x
/
= -0,89 loi.
Vy :
[H
2
] = 0,41854 (mol/lt)
[I
2
] = 0,21854 (mol/lt)
[HI] = 0,36292 (mol/lt)

1.3..Hng s cn bng ca phn ng sau t
o
C.
HI
(K)

2
1
H
2 (K)
+
2
1
I
2

(K)
Gi K
/
cb
l hng s cn bng ca phn ng:
Ta c K
/
cb
=
| | | |
| | HI
I H 2
1
2
2
1
2
=
cb
K
1
=
44 , 1
1
=
6
5

Cu 2: ( 4im)
Cho A l dung dch CH
3
COOH 0,2M , B l dung dch CH
3
COOK 0,2M. K
a
= 2.10
-5
.
2.1.Tnh pH ca dung dch A v dung dch B.
2.2. Tnh pH ca dung dch X to thnh khi trn dung dch A v dung dchB theo t l th tch bng
nhau.
2.3. Cho thm 0,02mol HCl vo 1 lt dung dch X c dung dch Y.Tnh pH ca dung dch Y.
2.4.Nu trn 0,3lt dung dch A vi Vlt dung dch B c dung dch c
pH =4,7 . Xc nh V. (Cho s dng cc gi tr gn ng)
GII
2.1.Tnh pH ca dung dch A v dung dch B.
* pH ca dung dch A:
Phng trnh CH
3
COOH CH
3
COO
-
+ H
+

Gi x l nng H
+
:
K
a
=
x - OH]d [
3
2
CO CH
x
= 2.10
-5
V axit yu x << [CH
3
COOH]

x = C K
a
. x =
5
10 . 4 , 0

pH = 2,7
* pH ca dung dch B:
CH
3
COOK = CH
3
COO
-
+ K
+

CH
3
COO
-
+ H
2
O CH
3
COOH + OH
-

Gi y l nng OH
-
:
Tng t y = C K
tp
. = C
K
K
a
w
=
5
14
10 . 2
2 , 0 . 10
= 10
-5

pOH = 5 pH = 9
2.2. Tnh pH ca dung dch X:
Khi trn A v B theo t l th tch bng nhau ta c dung dch hn hp:
CH
3
COOH 0,1M v CH
3
COOK 0,1M.
CH
3
COOK = CH
3
COO
-
+ K
+

CH
3
COOH CH
3
COO
-
+ H
+

Gi z l nng H
+

Gi thit:
K
a
=
) 1 , 0 (
) 1 , 0 .(
z
z z
+
= 2.10
-5
V axit yu nn z << 0,1 z = 2.10
-5
pH = 4,7
2.3. pH ca dung dch Y:
Nu thm 0,02mol HCl vo 1 lt dung dch Y ta c:
CH
3
COO
-
+ H
+
CH
3
COOH
[CH
3
COOH] = 0,1 + 0,02 = 0,12
[CH
3
COO
-
] = 0,1 - 0,02 = 0,08

K
a
=
| || |
| | COOH
O
3
-
3
CH
H CO CH
+
= 2.10
-5

[H
+
] = 3.10
-5

pH = 4,52.
2.4. Xc nh V.
Khi trn 2 dung dch ta c dung dch hn hp trong .
[CH
3
COOH] =
V + 3 , 0
3 , 0 . 2 , 0
; [CH
3
COOK] =
V
V
+ 3 , 0
. 2 , 0

Gi t l nng H
+

CH
3
COOH CH
3
COO
-
+ H
+

u phn ng:
V + 3 , 0
06 , 0

V
V
+ 3 , 0
. 2 , 0

Lc cn bng:
V + 3 , 0
06 , 0
- t
V
V
+ 3 , 0
. 2 , 0
+ t t

K
a
=
5
10 . 2
3 , 0
06 , 0
3 , 0
2 , 0
=
|
.
|
\
|

+
|
.
|
\
|
+
+
t
V
t t
V
V
Gi thit: pH = 4,7 t = 2.10
-5
t
V
t
V
V
+
= +
+ 3 , 0
06 , 0
3 , 0
2 , 0
0,2V + 0,3t +Vt = 0,06 0,3t Vt
0,2V + 2Vt = 0,06 0,6t
V =
t
t
+
1 , 0
) 1 , 0 01 , 0 ( 3
V axit yu nn t << 0,1 V ~ 0,3lt
Cu 3: ( 4im)
3.1. Hn hp X gm Cu
2
O , FeS
2
, Fe v Cu.Cho hn hp X tc dng vi dung dch H
2
SO
4
long d
c cht rn A hn hp kh B v dung dch C. C cn dung dch C c hn hp mui khan D .Bit
cc cht trong A c khi lng bng nhau, trong B c th tch bng nhau v trong C t l mol 2 mui
l 1: 8. Xc nh % khi lng hn hp X.
3.2. Ho tan hon ton m gam hn hp Fe v MgCO
3
bng dung dch HCl d c hn hp kh A.
Nu cng m gam hn hp trn un vi dung dch H
2
SO
4
thu c hn hp kh B gm SO
2
v CO
2
.
t khi ca B i vi A l 3,6875 . Tnh % khi lng hn hp u.
P N
3.1.Gi x,y,z,t ln lt l s mol Cu
2
O , FeS
2
, Fe ,Cu trong hn hp.
Phng trnh phn ng:
Cu
2
O + H
2
SO
4
= CuSO
4
+ Cu + H
2
O
x x x
FeS
2
+ H
2
SO
4
= FeSO
4
+ H
2
S + S
y y y y
Fe + H
2
SO
4
= FeSO
4
+ H
2
z z z
Cu + H
2
SO
4

t
Theo gi thit v phng trnh phn ng ta c:
Khi lng mS = mCu 32y = 64(x+t) y = 2x + 2t (1)
V H
2
S = V H
2
y = z (2)
T (1) y > x t l mol 2 mui =
8
1
ch tho vi:
8
1
=
+ z y
x
8x = y +z (3)
T (1) (2) (3) y = z = 4x v t = x
mCu
2
O = 144x ; mFeS
2
= 480x ;
mFe = 224x ; mCu = 64x ; mhh = 912x

%Cu
2
O = 15,79(%) ; %FeS
2
= 52,63(%)
%Fe = 24,56(%) ; %Cu

= 7,02(%)
3.2.Gi x,y l s mol Fe v MgCO
3
trong hn hp:
Phng trnh phn ng:
Fe + 2HCl = FeCl
2
+ H
2

x x
MgCO
3
+ 2HCl = MgCl
2
+ H
2
O + CO
2

y y
2Fe + 6H
2
SO
4
= Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ 3SO
2
+ 6H
2
O
x 1,5x
MgCO
3
+ H
2
SO
4
= MgSO
4
+ CO
2
+ H
2
O
y y
Theo gt v phng trnh phn ng:
dB/A =
y x
y x
y x
y x
+
+
+
+
44 2
5 , 1
44 96
= 3,6875
96x
2
+ 96xy +44xy +44y
2
= 11,0625x
2
+243,375xy + 7,375xy + 162,25y
2

84,9375x
2
- 118,25y
2
- 110,75xy = 0
Gii c 2 =
y
x
v 69 , 0 =
y
x
(loi)
%KLFe = 57,14 (%) %KLMgCO
3
= 42,86 (%)
Cu 4: ( 4im)
. 4.1. Oximen c trong tinh du l hng qu,c cng thc phn t C
10
H
16
c xem nh do 2 phn t
izopren kt hp vi nhau.Khi cng mt phn t nc iu kin thch hp ta c mt dng cu to
ca Linalol . Khi hidro ho hon tan Linalol ta c 3,7-dimetyl octanol-3. Vit cng thc cu to
ca Oximen v Linalol.
4.2. Bng thc nghim 300
o
C ngi ta xc nh t l % cc sn phm mono clo ho isopentan nh
sau:
2-clo-2- metyl butan 22% ; 2-clo-3- metyl butan 33% ; 1-clo-3- metyl butan 15% ;
1-clo-2- metyl butan 30% .Tm kh nng phn ng tng i ca nguyn t hidro cacbon bc II
(r
II
) v cacbon bc III (r
III
) nu kh nng phn ng tng i ca nguyn t hidro cacbon bc I (r
I
)
l 1.
P N4.1.
OH

+ H
2
O
to/xt

Oximen Linalol

OH OH

+ 2H
2

+Ni/to

Linalol 3,7-dimetyl octanol-3.
CH
3

4.2. CH
3
C -CH
2
-CH
3
22%

Cl
CH
3
-CH- CH-CH
3
33%
CH
3
-CH -CH
2
CH
3
CH
3
Cl
CH
3
CH
3
CH CH
2
CH
2
15%
CH
3
Cl
CH
2
CH CH
2
CH
3
30%
Cl CH
3

Theo gi thit: n
I
= 9 ; n
II
= 2 ; n
III
= 1 ; r
I
= 1
Ta c:
a
2
% =
III II
II
r r
r
+ + 2 9
2 . . 100
= 33 (1) a
3
% =
III II
III
r r
r
+ + 2 9
. 100
= 22 (2)
T (1) v (2) r
II
= 3,3 , r
III
= 4,4
Cu 5:(4im)
5.1.1.Hp cht A cha C,H,O c khi lng phn t l 74. Bit A khng phn ng vi Na v khi
phn ng vi dung dch NaOH sn phm ch thu c mt cht hu c. Xc nh cu to ca A. Bit
t A thc hin c s sau:
CH
3
MgCl + A B
H
2
O
CH
3
CHO D
H
2
O
Ru sec-butylic.
5.2. Hai cht A,B c cng thc C
3
H
7
OCl v C
2
H
4
O c c im:
- A c tnh quang hot.
- Khi A phn ng vi CH
3
MgI c C
4
H
10
O khng c tnh quang hot.
B phn ng vi CH
3
MgI sau thu phn c ru n-propylic.
Xc nh cu to ca A ,B v vit phng trnh phn ng.
P N
5.1.1. t cng thc phn t ca A l C
x
H
y
O
z
.
Theo gi thit ta c : 12x + y + 16z = 74 K x,y,z e Z
+
v y s 2x + 2
Ta chn c cng thc c th c ca A l:
C
4
H
10
O , C
3
H
6
O
2
v C
2
H
2
O
3
.
Vi s trn ch tho vi CTPT v CT ca A l: C
2
H
2
O
3

O
H C
O anhidric fomic
H C
O
(HCO)
2
O + 2NaOH 2HCOONa + H
2
O
O
H - C H
CH
3
-MgCl + O CH
3
- C O - MgCl (B)
H - C OCOH

O
H
CH
3
- C O - MgCl + H
2
O CH
3
-CH=O + HCOOH + MgClOH
OCOH

C
2
H
5
-MgCl + CH
3
-CH=O CH
3
CH
2
-CH-OMgCl (D)
CH
3
CH
3
CH
2
-CH-OMgCl + H
2
O CH
3
CH
2
CH-OH + MgClOH
CH
3
CH
3
Ru sec-butylic.
5.2.
Cu to ca A : CH
3
- O- CH CH
3

Cl
Cu to ca B : CH
2
CH
2


O

CH
3
-MgI + CH
3
- O- CH CH
3
CH
3
O CH CH
3
+ MgICl
Cl CH
3

CH
3
-MgI + CH
2
CH
2
CH
3
-CH
2
-CH
2
-OMgI
O
CH
3
-CH
2
-CH
2
-OMgI + H
2
O CH
3
-CH
2
-CH
2
OH + MgIOH

5
Cu 1 ( 5)
1) Hon thnh cc phng trnh phn ng theo s sau :
+ H
2
SO
4
+ CO
2
+H
2
O A
3
(kh)
NH
3
A
1
A
2

P cao, t
0
+ NaOH
A
4
(kh)
Bit phn t A
1
gm C, H, O, N vi t l khi lng tng ng 3 : 1 : 4 : 7 v trong phn t ch c
hai nguyn t ni t.
2) Mt hn hp gm Cu v Fe c t l khi lng 7 : 3. Ly m (gam) hn hp ny cho phn ng hon
ton vi dung dch HNO
3
thy c 44,1 gam HNO
3
phn ng, thu c 0,75m (gam) rn, dung dch
B v 5,6 lt hn hp kh (KTC) gm NO v NO
2
. Hi c cn dung dch B thu c bao nhiu gam
mui khan?
Cu 2 (4 )
t chy 3,2 gam M
2
S ( Kim loi M trong hp cht th hin s oxyho +1 v +2) trong oxy d. Sn
phm rn thu c em ho tan trong mt lng va dung dch H
2
SO
4
39,2% nhn c dung
dch mui c nng 48,5%. em lm lnh dung dch mui ny thy tch ra 2,5 gam tinh th, khi
nng mui gim cn 44,9%. Tm cng thc tinh th mui tch ra.
Cu 3 ( 6 )
1) t chy hon ton 0,012 mol mt hirocacbon X. Cho ton b sn phm chy qua bnh ng
nc vi trong, thy xut hin 4 gam kt ta v khi lng dd tng thm 0,560 gam . Lc kt ta, cho
tip dung dch Ba(OH)
2
n d vo dung dch lc, thy xut hin 6,534 gam kt ta.
a. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca hirocacbon X.
b. Xc nh cng thc cu to v gi tn hirocacbon X, bit X khng lm mt mu dd brom,
ch lm mt mu dd KMnO
4
khi un nng.
2) Phn ng cng hp HBr vi hp cht A theo t l 1 : 1 to ra hn hp D gm cc cht l ng phn
ca nhau, trong hn hp D c cha 79,2% brom v khi lng, cn li l cacbon v hiro. Bit t khi
ca hn hp so vi oxi nh hn 6,5. Xc cng thc cu to ca A v cc sn phm trong D.
Cu 4 ( 5 )
Dung dch X gm hai axit HCl 0,001M v CH
3
COOH 0,1M.
a. Tnh pH ca dung dch X. Bit axit CH
3
COOH c K
a
= 1,8.10
-5

b. Ho tan 2,04 gam NaOH vo 1 lt dung dch X thu c dung dch Y. Tnh pH ca dung dch
Y.
Cho : H = 1, C = 12, N = 14, O = 16, Br = 80, Cl = 35,5, Na = 23, Ba = 137, Ca = 40, Cu = 64,
Fe = 56, S = 32.

CU P N
Cu 1
(5 )
1.T m A
1
(C
x
H
y
O
z
N
t
): T l: 12x : y : 16z : 14t = 3 :1 : 4 : 7
x : y : z : t = 1 : 4 : 1 : 2 . CTPT ca A
1
: CH
4
ON
2
hay (NH
2
)
2
CO
PTP : 2NH
3
+ CO
2
(NH
2
)
2
CO + H
2
O
(NH
2
)
2
CO + 2H
2
O (NH
2
)
2
CO
3

(NH
2
)
2
CO
3
+ H
2
SO
4
(NH
4
)
2
SO
4
+ CO
2
+ H
2
O
(NH
2
)
2
CO
3
+ 2NaOH Na
2
CO
3
+ 2NH
3
+ 2H
2
O
2. m(g)hh Cu v Fe t l khi lng 7: 3

c 0,7m (g) Cu, 0,3m (g)
Tc dng vi HNO
3
c Fe phn ng 0,25m (g) cn 0,75m (g) cht rn gm 0,05m(g) Fe
d v 0,7m (g) Cu khng phn ng.
Fe b HNO
3
oxi ho thnh Fe
2+
do Fe
3+
+ Fe Fe
2+

Gi a,b l s mol NO v NO
2

3 Fe + 8 HNO
3
3 Fe( NO
3
)
2
+ 2NO + 4 H
2
O
(mol) 1,5a 4a 1,5a a
Fe + 4 HNO
3
Fe( NO
3
)
2
+ 2NO + 2 H
2
O
( mol) 0,5b 2b 0,5b b
n
HNO3
= 4a + 2b = 0,7 (I)
a + b = 0,25 (II)
T (I) v (II) a = 0,1; b = 0,15
Khi lng mui l: 180 ( 1,5a + 0,5b) = 180. 0,225 = 40,5g.
Cu 2
(4 )
M
2
S + 2O
2
2MO + SO
2
(1)
MO + H
2
SO
4
MSO
4
+ H
2
O (2)
MSO
4
+ n H
2
O MSO
4
.nH
2
O
t s mol M
2
S l x x = mol
M ) 32 2 (
2 , 3
+
(I)
n
H2SO4
= n
MSO4
= 2x (mol)
Khi lng dd H
2
SO
4
l : ) ( 500
2 , 39
100 . 98 . 2
g x
x
=
KLdd mui l 500x + 2x(M + 16) = 2xM + 532x
KL mui theo (1) v (2) l 2x(M +96)
Suy ra 2x(M + 96) = 0,485(2xM + 532x) (II)
T (I) v (II) suy ra M = 64, x = 0,02mol , CTPT : Cu
2
S
KL CuSO
4
l 2.0,02.160 = 6,4g
KLdd CuSO
4
= 13,2g.
Khi lm lnh tch ra 2,5g tinh th, khi khi lng dd cn 10,7g
KL CuSO
4
cn 10,7. 0,449 = 4,8gKL CuSO
4
tch ra l 1,6g
KL nc tch ra: 2,5 1,6 = 0,9g

1
5
4
2
=
CuSO
O H
n
n
CT mui l CuSO
4
. 5H
2
O

Cu 3
(6 )
1. ( 3)
.a. CO
2
+ Ca(OH)
2
CaCO
3
+ H
2
O (1)
2CO
2
+ Ca(OH)
2
Ca(HCO
3
)
2
(2)
Ca(HCO
3
)
2
+ Ba(OH)
2
BaCO
3
+ CaCO
3
(3)
n
) 1 (
2
CO
= n
CaCO3(1)
= 0,04 mol
n
CO2(2)
= 2(n
BaCO3
+ n
CaCO3(3)
) = 2. 044 , 0
297
534 , 6
=
n
CO2
= 0,084, n
H2O
= 048 , 0 ) 44 . 084 , 0 4 56 , 0 (
18
1
= +
T s n
X
v n
CO2
, n
H2O
suy ra x = 7, y = 8. CTPT ca X : C
7
H
8

b. X l toluen
CH
3

2. ( 2d)
TH1: Nu hp cht trong D c cha 1 nguyn t Br th khi lng mol phn t ca D
bng 80/ 0,792 = 101,01gam/mol
KL ca C v H = 101 80 = 21gam/mol CH
9
( loi)

bng 160/ 0,792 = 202,02gam/mol< 6,5.32 = 208
KL ca C v H = 202 160 = 42gam/mol C
3
H
6
vy A : C
3
H
5
Br
bng 240/ 0,792 = 303,03gam/mol> 6,5.32 = 208 (loi)
Vy hp cht trong D c CTPT: C
3
H
6
Br
2

A l 1 trong 4 ng phn sau:
CH
2
= CH CH
2
Br ; CH
2
= CBr CH
3
;Br -CH= CH CH
3

Br
Cc ng phn cu to trong D l:
` BrCH
2
- CH
2
CH
2
Br CH
3
- CHBr CH
2
Br
CH
3
= CBr
2
CH
3
CH
3
- CH
2
CHBr
2

Cu 4
( 5)
a. HCl H
+
+ Cl
-

C(M) 0,001 0,001
CH
3
COOH CH
3
COO
-
+ H
+
K
a
= 1,8. 10
-5

C(M) b 0,1 0,001
C(M) cb 0,1 -x x 0,001+x
1,8. 10
-5
=
x
x x
+
1 , 0
) 001 , 0 (

Gi s x << 0,1 x
2
+ 0,001x -1,8.10
-6
=0
Gii phng trnh bc 2 x = 9,3. 10
-4
M
| |
+
H = 10
-3
+ 9,3 . 10
-4
= 1,93 . 10
-3
M pH ~ 2,7.
b. n
NaOH
= 0,051 mol , C
NaOH
= 0,051M
NaOH + HCl NaCl + H
2
O
C(M) 0,001 0,001 0,001
NaOH + CH
3
COOH CH
3
COONa + H
2
O
C(M) 0,05 0,05 0,05
Dung dch Y gm: NaCl ( 0,001M); CH
3
COOH ( 0.05M);
CH
3
COONa (0,05M)
CH
3
COONa CH
3
COO
-
+ Na
+

C(M) 0,05 0,05
CH
3
COOH CH
3
COO
-
+ H
+

C(M) b 0,05 0,05
C(M) cb 0,05 y 0,05 + y y
1,8. 10
-5
=
y
y y
+
05 , 0
) 005 , 0 (
, gi s y << 0,05 y = 10
-4,75
M ; pH = 4,75


6
Cu I: (4,5 im) 1) Hon thnh s bin ha ha hc sau v vit cc phng trnh ha hc
(PTHH) ca cc phn ng.
A D C A

FeS
2

A B H
2
SO
4

+
C E BaSO
4

2) Ch dng mt thuc th, nu phng php ha hc nhn bit cc dung dch ring bit ng trong
cc l mt nhn sau: Na
2
SO
4
; H
2
SO
4
; NaOH v BaCl
2
(vit cc PTHH nu c).
3) Cn bng PTHH ca cc phn ng oxy ho - kh sau:
a) C
6
H
5
NO
2
+ Fe + H
2
O C
6
H
5
NH
2
+ Fe
3
O
4

b) FeS
2
+ H
2
SO
4
Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ SO
2
+ H
2
O
c) Al + HNO
3
Al(NO
3
)
3
+ NH
4
NO
3
+ H
2
O
d) Fe + HNO
3
Fe(NO
3
)
3
+ N
x
O
y
+ H
2
O
Cu II: (2,0 im) Su hirocacbon A; B; C; D; E; F u c cng thc phn t l C
4
H
8
. Cho tng
cht vo dung dch brom (trong CCl
4
v khng chiu sng) thy A, B, C v D tc dng rt nhanh. E
tc dng chm hn, cn F hu nh khng phn ng. B v C l nhng cht ng phn lp th ca
nhau, B c nhit si cao hn C. Khi cho tc dng vi hiro nhit cao (c Ni lm xc tc) th A,
B, C u cho cng sn phm G. a) Xc nh cng thc cu to v gi tn ca 6 hirocacbon trn.
b) A tc dng vi nc brom c hon tan mt lng nh NaCl sinh ra 5 sn phm. Vit cng thc
cu to v gii thch s hnh thnh 5 sn phm .
Cu III: (4,0 im) Cho 11 gam hn hp Fe v Al tc dng va vi 500ml dung dch H
2
SO
4
c
nng a (mol/l) thu c 8,96 lit kh H
2
(ktc). Thm dung dch NaOH d vo dung dch sau phn
ng, lc ly kt ta ri nung trong khng kh n khi lng khng i thu c m gam cht rn . a)
Tnh khi lng ca Fe , Al v % v s mol ca chng trong hn hp ban u .
b) Tnh gi tr ca a v m.
Cu IV: (4,5 im) Hn hp A gm 3 hirocacbon X, Y, Z (Y v Z l ng ng k tip). t chy
hon ton 672 ml A ri dn sn phm chy ln lt qua bnh I cha 52,91 gam dung dch H
2
SO
4
98%,
bnh II cha 437,5 ml dung dch Ba(OH)
2
0,08M. Kt thc th nghim nng H
2
SO
4
bnh I cn
96,2%. Bnh II xut hin 4,925 gam kt ta. Mt khc, khi dn 1209,6 ml A i qua bnh cha dung
dch brom, nhn thy sau phn ng dung dch ny b nht mu, khi lng dung dch tng thm 0,468
gam v c 806,4 ml kh thot ra khi bnh. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca X, Y, Z v phn trm th
tch cc kh trong A, bit rng cc phn ng xy ra hon ton v cc kh u o ktc.
Cu V: (5,0 im) 1) Mui n c ln Na
2
SO
4
, NaBr , MgCl
2
, CaCl
2
, CaSO
4
. Hy dng phng
php ho hc iu ch mui n tinh khit, Vit cc PTHH ca cc phn ng minh ho.
2) Cho m gam hn hp mui NaBr v NaI phn ng vi dung dch H
2
SO
4
c, nng thu c hn
hp kh A (ktc). iu kin thch hp A phn ng va vi nhau thu c cht rn mu vng v
mt cht lng khng lm chuyn mu qu tm. Cho Na d vo phn cht lng thu c dung dch B,
dung dch B phn ng va vi 2,24 lt CO
2
(ktc) to ra 9,5 gam hn hp mui. Vit cc PTHH
ca cc phn ng xy ra v tnh m ?
(Cho: Ca = 40; S = 32; C = 12; H = 1; O = 16; Co = 59; Cu = 64; Ag = 108; Zn = 65; Mg = 24; Al=27; Na=23;
K = 39; Cl = 35,5; N = 14, I=127, Br=80)

Cu Ni dung im
I
(4,5 )

1) SO
2
Na
2
SO
3
BaSO
3
SO
2

FeS
2

SO
2
H
2
SO
3
H
2
SO
4

+
BaSO
3
Na
2
SO
4
BaSO
4

A(SO
2
); B(H
2
SO
3
); C(BaSO
3
); D(Na
2
SO
3
); E(Na
2
SO
4
)
(10PTHH x0,2)
2)
* Ly 4 mu th ca 4 dung dch u ln lt cho tc dng vi qu tm. Lm
qu tm ha l dung dch H
2
SO
4
; Lm qu tm ha xanh l dung dch NaOH.
(0,75 im)
* Ly 2 mu th ca 2 dung dch cn li ln lt cho tc dng vi dung dch
H
2
SO
4
va bit. To kt ta l dung dch BaCl
2
. Cn li l dung dch Na
2
SO
4
.

H
2
SO
4
+ BaCl
2
BaSO
4
+ 2HCl
3)
a) 4 C
6
H
5
NO
2
+ 9 Fe + 4H
2
O 4C
6
H
5
NH
2
+ 3Fe
3
O
4

4 N
+4
+ 6e N
-2

3 3Fe
0

Fe
+8/3
+ 8e
b) 2FeS
2
+ 14 H
2
SO
4
Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ 15 SO
2
+ 14H
2
O
1 2FeS
2
2Fe
+3

+ 4S
+4
+ 22e
11 S
+6
+ 2e S
+4
c) 8Al + 30 HNO
3
8Al(NO
3
)
3
+ 3NH
4
NO
3
+ 9H
2
O
8 Al
0
Al
+3
+ 3e
3 N
+5
+ 8e N
-3

d) (5x-2y) Fe +(18x-6y) HNO
3
(5x-2y) Fe(NO
3
)
3
+3N
x
O
y
+(9x-3y) H
2
O
(5x-2y) Fe
0
Fe
+3
+ 3e
3 xN
+5
+ (5x-2y)e xN
+2y/x

2,0

0,5

2,0

II
(2,0)
a)
Hc sinh tm ra cc hirocacbon v vit y CTCT, gi tn:
A: but-1-en B: cis-but-2-en C: trans-but-2-en
D: 2-metylpropen E: metyl xiclopropan F: xiclo butan
Gii thch
+ A, B, C phn ng vi H
2
(xt) u cho mt sn phm G l butan
+ B v C l ng phn hnh hc, B c nhit si cao hn v phn cc hn.
+ E phn ng chm vi brom(vng 3 cnh)
+ F khng phn ng vi brom(vng 4 cnh)
b)
CH
2
=CH-CH
2
-CH
3
+ Br
2
CH
2
Br-CHBr-CH
2
-CH
3

CH
3
-CH
2
-CHCl-CH
2
Br + Br

CH
2
=CH-CH
2
-CH
3
+ Br
2
+ Cl

CH
3
-CH
2
-CHBr-CH
2
Cl + Br

CH
3
-CH
2
-CHOH-CH
2
Br + HBr
CH
2
=CH-CH
2
-CH
3
+ Br
2
+ H
2
O
CH
3
-CH
2
-CHBr-CH
2
OH + HBr
Gii thch: Mi phn ng trn u xy ra hai giai on:
- Giai on 1:
CH
3
-CH
2
- C
+
H-CH
2
Br + Br

CH
2
=CH-CH
2
-CH
3
+ Br
2

CH
3
-CH
2
-CHBr- C
+
H
2
+ Br

1,0

1,0

- Giai on 2: cacbocation kt hp vi Br
, Cl
hoc H
2
O
III
(4,0)
a ) t x, y ln lt l s mol ca Al v Fe ta c:
27x + 56y = 11 (*)
Cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra :
2Al + 3H
2
SO
4
Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ 3/2 H
2
(1)
x
x
2

x
2

3x
2

Fe + H
2
SO
4
FeSO
4
+ H
2
(2)
y y y y
T (1) , (2) theo s mol H
2
.
n
H2
= 0,4 (mol) =>
3x
2
+ y = 0,4 (**)
kt hp (*) v (**):
27x + 56y = 11 => x = 0,2

3x
2
+ y = 0,4 y = 0,1
m
Al
= 0,2 x 27 = 5,4 (gam) v % n
Al
=
0, 2
0, 2 0,1 +
100% = 66,67 %
m
Fe
= 11 5,4 = 5,6 (gam) v % n
Fe
= (100 66,67)% = 33,33%
b ) T (1) , (2) s mol H
2
SO
4
bng
3x
2
+ y = 0,4 (mol)
C
M
=
0, 4
0, 5
= 0,8 (mol/l) ( a = 0,8 )
V dd NaOH d nn:
Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ 6NaOH 2Al(OH)
3
+

+ 2Na
2
SO
4

Al(OH)
3
+ NaOH NaAlO
2
+ 2 H
2
O
FeSO
4
+ 2NaOH Fe(OH)
2
+ + Na
2
SO
4

0,1mol " " " " " " " " 0,1mol
Nung kt ta trong khng kh :
2 Fe(OH)
2

+
1
2
O
2

0
t
Fe
2
O
3
+ 2 H
2
O
0,1 mol " " " " " " " 0,05 mol
Khi lng kt ta bng m = 0,05 x 160 = 8,0 ( gam )
2,0

2,0
IV
(4,5)
- Tm s mol H
2
O:
n
H2O
= 0,055 mol
-Tm s mol CO
2
:
n
Ba(OH)
2
= 0,08 . 437,5.10
-3
= 0,035 mol
n
BaCO
3
= 4,925 : 197 = 0,025mol
+ TH1: Ba(OH)
2
phn ng ht: n
CO2
= 0,045 mol
+ TH2: Ba(OH)
2
phn ng d: th s mol CO
2
bng s mol kt ta.
n
CO2
= 0,025 mol
C hai trng hp u cho s mol CO
2
nh hn s mol H
2
O. Do hn hp A
phi c ankan v hirocacbon khng no.
- Tm s mol hirocacbon trong 672 ml:
n
ankan
=
806, 4.672
1209, 6.22400
= 0,02 mol
n
hirocacbon khng no
=
672
22400
- 0,02 = 0,01 mol
Khi lng tng sau phn ng vi brom l khi lng ca hirocacbon khng
no. Vy khi lng ca n trong 672 ml l:

1,0

1,0


m
hirocacbon khng no
=
0, 468.672
1209, 6
= 0,26 gam
- Tm cng thc phn t hirocacbon khng no: t CTC hirocacbon
khng no l: C
n
H
2n+ 2-2a
(vi n>2 v a > 1)
Ta c: 14n + 2 2a = 0,26: 0,01
7n a = 12
Ch c: n = 2 v a = 2 l tha mn.
Vy CTPT ca hirocacbon khng no l: C
2
H
2
(X)
- Tm cng thc phn t v s mol hirocacbon no: Theo bi ra th
hirocacbon no l Y v Z, c CTC l: C
m
H
2 m+ 2
(vi m > 1)
S mol CO
2
ca n khi t chy l:
0, 02 0, 045 0, 01.2
0, 02 0, 025 0, 01.2
m
m
1, 25
0, 25( )
m
m loai

Vy CTPT 2 ankan Y v Z l: CH
4
v C
2
H
6
c s mol ln lt l x v y mol
. Ta c:
2 0, 045 0, 01.2
4 6 0, 055.2 0, 01.2
x y
x y
+ =
+ =

0, 015
0, 005
x mol
y mol
=

- Tm % th tch cc kh trong X: %V tng ng % s mol ta c
%V ca C
2
H
2
: 33,33%
%V ca CH
4
: 50%
%V ca C
2
H
6
: 16,67%

2,5
1,0

1,0

0,5
V
(5,0i
m)
1) Cho hh + dd BaCl
2
d lc b kt ta nc lc (NaCl, BaCl
2
, NaBr, MgCl
2
,
CaCl
2
).
Na
2
SO
4
+ BaCl
2
BaSO
4
+ 2NaCl
CaSO
4
+ BaCl
2
BaSO
4
+ 2NaCl
Sau cho nc lc + dd Na
2
CO
3
d , lc b kt ta dd (NaCl , NaBr ,
Na
2
CO
3
).
CaCl
2
+ Na
2
CO
3
CaCO
3
+ 2NaCl
BaCl
2
+ Na
2
CO
3
BaCO
3
+ 2NaCl
Cho dung dch tc dng vi kh Cl
2
d (NaCl, Na
2
CO
3
).
NaBr + Cl
2
NaCl + Br
2

Cho dung dch tc dng vi dung dch HCl d, c cn c NaCl nguyn
cht.
Na
2
CO
3
+ 2HCl 2NaCl +H
2
O + CO
2

2)
Gi s mol ca NaBr v NaI

ln lt l x v y.
Theo ra ta c:
2NaBr + 2H
2
SO
4
Na
2
SO
4
+ Br
2
+ SO
2
+ 2H
2
O (1)
x x/2
8NaI +5H
2
SO
4
4 Na
2
SO
4
+ 4I
2
+ H
2
S + 4H
2
O (2)
y y/8
2H
2
S + SO
2
3S + 2H
2
O (3)

y
8

x
2

y
8
(x) (mol)
2H
2
O

+ 2Na 2NaOH + H
2
(4)
x x
Gi s mol ca NaHCO
3
v Na
2
CO
3
ln lt l a v b:
CO
2
+ NaOH NaHCO
3
(5)
a a a (mol)
1,5

3,5
1,0

1,0


CO
2
+ 2NaOH Na
2
CO
3
+ H
2
O (6)
b 2b b (mol)
Ta c h : a + b = 0,1 (s mol CO
2
)
84x + 106y = 9,5 ( khi lng hn hp mui)
Gii h a = b = 0,05 mol .
Vy n
NaOH
= 0,15 mol . n
nc
= 0,15 mol .= x =
y
8
=> x =0,15; y=1,2
=> m = 0,15.103 + 1,2.150 = 195,45 gam

1,0

0,5
Ch : Nu th sinh lm bi theo phng php khc m ng, gim kho cn c HD chm m cho
im tng ng

7

S GD&T VNH PHC

CHNH THC

K THI CHN HSG LP 11 THPT NM HC 2009 2010
THI MN: HA HC
Dnh cho hc sinh trng THPT khng chuyn
Thi gian lm bi : 180 pht, khng k thi gian pht .

Bi 1. Cho 20,80 gam hn hp X gm Fe, FeS, FeS
2
, S tc dng vi dung dch HNO
3
c nng d
thu c V lt kh NO
2
(l sn phm kh duy nht, o ktc) v dung dch A. Cho A tc dng vi
dung dch Ba(OH)
2
d thu c 91,30 gam kt ta.
1. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra di dng phng trnh ion thu gn?
2. Tnh V v s mol HNO
3
cn dng oxi ha hon ton hn hp X ?
Bi 2. Cho 11,9 gam hn hp Al v Zn tan hon ton trong dung dch cha NaNO
3
v NaOH d thu
c 4,928 lt hn hp hai kh (ktc). Cho hn hp kh qua bnh ng CuO d, un nng sau phn
ng thy khi lng bnh gim 4 gam.
1. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra
2. Tnh % khi lng ca hn hp u
Bi 3. Thm t t 17,85 ml dung dch km clorua 17% (d =1,12g/ml) vo 25 ml dung dch kali
cacbonat 3,0 mol/lt (d = 1,30 g/ml) to ra kt ta cacbonat baz. Sau phn ng lc b kt ta, tnh
nng % cc cht trong nc lc.
Bi 4. Hp th ht V lt kh CO
2
(ktc)vo dung dch cha a mol NaOH c dung dch A. Bit rng
nu cho t t dung dch HCl vo dung dch A th phi mt 50ml dd HCl 1M mi thy bt u c kh
thot ra. Mt khc cho dung dch Ba(OH)
2
d vo dung dch A c 7,88 gam kt ta. Tnh V (ktc)
v s mol NaOH trong A.
Bi 5. Hon thnh cc phng trnh phn ng theo s , ghi r iu kin phn ng ( nu c)

C
2
H
2 CH
3
CHO
A
B
C
D
A E
A
F

Bi 6. Mt hn hp Y gm Al v Fe. Cho 22 gam Y tc dng vi 2 lt dung dch HCl 0,3M thu c
V lt kh H
2
(ktc).
1. Chng minh rng hn hp Y khng tan ht. Tnh
2
H
V (ktc).


2. Cho 22 gam Y tc dng vi clo d thu c m
1
gam mui. Nu cho 22 gam Y tc dng vi Iot
d thu c m
2
gam mui. Bit m
2
m
1
= 139,3 gam. Tnh khi lng mi kim loi trong 22 gam
Y.
Bi 7. Ho tan 0,54 gam Al trong 0,5 lt dung dch H
2
SO
4
0,1M c dung dch A. Thm V lt dung
dch NaOH 0,1M vo dung dch A thu c dung dch B v kt ta C. Nung kt ta C n khi lng
khng i ta c cht rn nng 0,51 gam. Tnh th tch dung dch NaOH 0,1M dng.
Bi 8. t chy hon ton 10,4 gam cht hu c X ri dn sn phm chy qua bnh 1 cha H
2
SO
4
c
v bnh 2 cha 600 ml dung dch Ba(OH)
2
1M, thy khi lng bnh 1 tng 5,4 gam, bnh 2 tng 37
gam ng thi xut hin 78,8 gam kt ta.
1. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca X. Bit khi lm bay hi 10,4 gam X thu c th tch kh bng
th tch ca 3 gam C
2
H
6
cng iu kin nhit v p sut.
2. X c mt ng phn X
1
, bit rng khi cho 3,12 gam X
1
phn ng va vi 96 gam dung dch
Br
2
5% trong bng ti. Nhng 3,12 gam X tc dng ti a vi 2,688 lt H
2
(ktc) khi un nng c xc
tc Ni. Vit cng thc cu to v gi tn X
1

3. X c ng phn X
2
cha cc nguyn t cacbon ng nht, khi tc dng vi Cl
2
khi c chiu
sng thu c mt dn xut mono clo duy nht. Xc nh cng thc cu to ca X
2
.
---Ht---
Cn b coi thi khng gii thch g thm
Bi Ni Dung
Bi 1
(1,5)
1)Cc phng trnh phn ng:
Fe + 6H
+
+ 3NO
3
-
Fe
3+
+ 3NO
2
|+ 3H
2
O (1)
FeS + 10 H
+
+ 9NO
3
-
Fe
3+
+ SO
4
2-
+ 9NO
2
| + 5H
2
O (2)
FeS
2
+ 14H
+
+ 15NO
3
-
Fe
3+
+ 2SO
4
2-
+ 15NO
2
| + 7H
2
O (3)
S + 4H
+
+ NO
3
-
SO
4
2-
+ 6NO
2
| + 2H
2
O(4)
Dung dch sau phn ng c: Fe
3+
, SO
4
2-
, H
+

H
+
+ OH
-
H
2
O
Fe
3+
+ 3OH
-
Fe(OH)
3
+
Ba
2+
+ SO
4
2-
BaSO
4
+
2) Coi hn hp gm Fe v S ta c s :
3 2
3
3
( )
2
4
4
( )
aSO
d
HNO Ba OH
Fe OH Fe
Fe
xmol xmol
xmol
S B
SO
ymol ymol
ymol
+
+ +

Theo bi ra ta c h:
56 32 20,8 0, 2
107 233 91, 3 0, 3
x y x mol
x y y mol
+ = =

+ = =

p dng nh lut bo ton eletron ta c:
Fe Fe
+3
+ 3e
0,2mol 3.0,2mol
S S
+6
+ 6e
0,3mol 6.0,3mol
N
+5
+ 1e N
+4

a.1mol a mol
p dng nh lut bo ton e ta c:
a = 0,6 + 1,8 = 2,4 mol V = 53,76 lt
Theo (3) v (4):
3
6. 4 2, 4
HNO Fe S
H
n n n n mol
+
= = + =
Bi 2
(1 )
Cc phng trnh phn ng c th
8Al + 5NaOH + 3NaNO
3
+ 2H
2
O 8NaAlO
2
+ 3NH
3
|
4Zn + 7NaOH + NaNO
3
4Na
2
ZnO
2
+ NH
3
| + 2H
2
O
2Al + 2NaOH + 2H
2
O 2NaAlO
2
+ 3H
2
|
Zn + 2NaOH Na
2
ZnO
2
+ H
2
|
Hai kh l NH
3
v H
2


Gi x, y ln lt l s mol NH
3
v H
2

=> x + y =
4, 928
0, 22( )
22, 4
mol =
Khi lng bnh CuO gim l khi lng oxi mt i
=>
4
0, 25( )
16
O
n mol = =
=>
3
0, 25
2
x
y + =
=> x = 0,06 (mol); y = 0,16 (mol)
Gi a, b ln lt l s mol Al v Zn
=> 27a + 65b = 11,9
3a + 2b = 8.0,06 + 2.0,16 = 0,8
=> a = 0,2 (mol); b = 0,1 (mol)
=>
0, 2.27
% .100% 45, 38%
11, 9
Al = =
%Zn = 100% - %Al = 54,62%
Bi 3
(1)
S mol ZnCl
2
= 0,025 < s mol K
2
CO
3
= 0,075
2ZnCl
2
+ 2K
2
CO
3
+ H
2
O [ZnOH]
2
CO
3
++ 4KCl + CO
2
|
0,025 0,025 0,0125 0,05 0,0125
Do K
2
CO
3
d nn phn ng vi CO
2
to ra KHCO
3
:
K
2
CO
3
+ CO
2
+ H
2
O 2KHCO
3

0,0125 0,0125 0,025
Lng nc lc = m(dd K
2
CO
3
) + m(dd ZnCl
2
) m([ZnOH]
2
CO
3
+)
= 25. 1,3 + 17,85 1,12 0,0125 224 = 49,7 gam
% K
2
CO
3
d = (0,0375 138) : 49,7 = 0,104 hay 10,4%
% KHCO
3
= (0,025 100) : 49,7 = 0,05 hay 5%
% KCl = (0,05 74,5) : 49,7 = 0,075 hay 7,5%
Bi 4
(1,0)
Khi cho t t HCl vo dung dch A phi ht 50ml mi thy c kh thot ra, do vy trong A
phi cha NaOH d hoc Na
2
CO
3

Trng hp 1: Dung dch NaOH d khi xy ra cc phn ng;
CO
2
+ 2NaOH Na
2
CO
3
+ H
2
O (1)
Dung dch A c Na
2
CO
3
v NaOH d, khi cho t t HCl vo A c cc phn ng:
NaOH + HCl NaCl + H
2
O (2)
Na
2
CO
3
+ HCl NaHCO
3
+ NaCl (3)
NaHCO
3
+ HCl NaCl + H
2
O + CO
2
| (4)
Khi cho Ba(OH)
2
vo dung dch A c phn ng
Ba(OH)
2
+ Na
2
CO
3
2NaOH + BaCO
3
+ (5)
Theo cc phng trnh phn ng:
2 3 2
0, 04 0, 896( )
CO BaCO CO
n n mol V lit = = =
2 2 3
2. 2.0, 04 0, 05 0, 04 0, 09
NaOH CO HCl Na CO
n n n n mol = + = + =
Trng hp 2: Dung dch A cha hn hp hai mui Na
2
CO
3
v NaHCO
3

Cho HCl vo dung dch A c cc phn ng:
Na
2
CO
3
+ HCl NaHCO
3
+ NaCl (3)
NaHCO
3
+ HCl NaCl + H
2
O + CO
2
| (4)
Theo (3)
2 3
0, 05( )
Na CO HCl
n n mol = =

Khi cho dung dch A tc dng vi dung dch Ba(OH)
2
d c cc phn ng
Ba(OH)
2
+ Na
2
CO
3
2NaOH + BaCO
3
+ (5)
Ba(OH)
2
+ NaHCO
3
BaCO
3
+ + NaOH + H
2
O(6)
3 2 3 3 3
0, 05 0, 04( )
BaCO Na CO NaHCO NaHCO
n n n n mol = + = + > V l

Bi5(
1)

C
2
H
2
+ H
2
O
4
0
SO
80
Hg
C
CH
3
CHO
C
2
H
2
+ H
2

0
3
d/PbCO , P t
CH
2
= CH
2

(A)
CH
2
= CH
2
+ O
2

2 2
0
dCl / P CuCl
t
CH
3
CHO
CH
2
= CH
2
+ H
2
O
2 4
H SO
CH
3
CH
2
OH
(E)
CH
3
CH
2
OH + O
2

0
Cu
t
CH
3
CHO + H
2
O
3CH
2
= CH
2
+ 2KMnO
4
+ 4H
2
O 3C
2
H
4
(OH)
2
+ 2KOH + 2MnO
2

(F)
C
2
H
4
(OH)
2

2 4
0
170
H SO
C
CH
3
CHO + H
2
O
C
2
H
2
+ HCl
1:1
CH
2
= CHCl
( B)
CH
2
= CHCl + NaOH
0
t
CH
3
CHO + NaCl
C
2
H
2
+ 2HCl CH
3
CHCl
2
Bi 6
(1)
a) t s mol Al v Fe c trong 22g hn hp Y l x mol v y mol
Al + 3H
+
Al
3+
+ 3/2H
2
(1).
Fe + 2H
+
Fe
2+
+ H
2
(2).
n
HCl
= 2.0,3 = 0,6 (mol)

Gi s kim loi phn ng ht nH
+
phn ng = 3.x + 2.y
V kim loi ht nn: 3x + 2y 0,6 (I)
Ta c: n
hn hp
= x + y 22/56 < x + y < 22/27 0,392 < x + y < 0,815
0,784 < 2x + 2y < 3x + 2y (II)
T (I ) v (II) ta thy iu gi s sai, Vy Axit phn ng ht

2
1
0, 3
2
H
H
n n mol
+
= = V = 0,3. 22,4 = 6,72 lt
b) Cc phng trnh phn ng :
Al + 3/2Cl
2
AlCl
3

Fe + 3/2 Cl
2
FeCl
3

m
1
= 133,5x + 162,5y (1)
Al + 3/2I
2
AlI
3

Fe + I
2
FeI
2

m
2
= 408x + 310y (2)
Theo bi ra ta c: 27x + 56y = 22
m
2
m
1
= 139,3 274,5x + 147,5y = 139,3
x= 0,4 mol v y = 0,2 mol
M
Al
= 10,8 gam v m
Fe
= 11,2 gam
Bi 7
(1,5
)
Cc phng trnh phn ng :
Al + 3H
+
Al
3+
+ 3/2 H
2
|(1)
Ban u : 0,02 0,1 (mol)
Sau p : 0 0,04 0,02
Khi thm dung dch NaOH vo dung dch A c cc phn ng:
H
+
+ OH
-
H
2
O (2)
0,04 0,04 mol
Al
3+
+ 3OH
-
Al(OH)
3
(3)
Nu d OH
-
: Al(OH)
3
+ OH
-
AlO
2
-
+ 2H
2
O (4)
2Al(OH)
3

0
t
Al
2
O
3
+ 3H
2
O (5)

0,01 0,005 mol
V
3
3
( ) Al OH
Al
n n
+
< nn c 2 trng hp
Trng hp 1: d Al
3+
khi ch c phn ng (2), (3) v (5)
3
( )
3 0, 04 0, 03 0, 07
Al OH
OH H
n n n mol
+
= + = + = V = 0,7 (lt)
Trng hp 1: d OH
-
mt phn kt ta b ha tan khi c phn ng (2), (3), (4) v (5)
3
3 tan
( )
3 0, 04 0, 06 0, 01 0,11
Al OH
OH H Al
n n n n mol
+ +
= + + = + + = V =1,1 (lt)
Cu 8
(2 )
Theo bi ra :
2 6 2 6
0,1
X C H X C H
V V n n mol = = =
Bnh 1 : cha H
2
SO
4
c hp th nc
Bnh 2 : Cha dung dch Ba(OH)
2
hp th CO
2
v c th c nc cha b hp th bi
H
2
SO
4

Theo bi ra ta c:
2 2
5, 4 37 42, 4
CO H O
m m g + = + = (I)
Xt bnh 2: Cc phn ng c th
Ba(OH)
2
+ CO
2
BaCO
3
+ + H
2
O (1)
Ba(OH)
2
+ 2CO
2
Ba(HCO
3
)
2
(2)
Trng hp 1: Nu Ba(OH)
2
d khi ch xy ra phn ng (1)
2 3
78, 8
0, 04
197
CO BaCO
n n mol = = = Thay vo (I) ta tm c
2
42, 4 0, 4.44
1, 378
18
H O
n mol
= =
t cng thc ca X l C
x
H
y
O
x
Phng trnh chy:
2 2 2
( )
4 2 2
x y z
y z y
C H O x O xCO H O + + +
Theo phng trnh: y =
2
2
2.1, 378
27, 56
0,1
H O
X
n
n
= = v l (loi v y phi nguyn)
Trng hp 2: Nu phn ng to hn hp hai mui
Theo (1) v (2) ta c :
2
0,8
CO
n mol =
2
42, 4 0,8.44
0, 4
18
H O
n mol
= =
2 2 2
( )
4 2 2
x y z
y z y
C H O x O xCO H O + + +
Theo phng trnh ta c:
2
0,8
8
0,1
CO
A
n
x
n
= = = , y =
2
2
2.0, 4
8
0,1
H O
X
n
n
= =
M 12.x + y + 16.z =
10, 4
104
0,1
X
X
m
n
= = z=0
Vy cng thc phn t ca X l: C
8
H
8

b) ta c:
2
0, 03
1
0, 03
Br
X
n
n
= =
2
0,12
4
0, 03
H
X
n
n
= =
1 mol A + 1mol dung dch Br
2
=> A c 1 lin kt pi km bn ( dng anken)
1 mol A + 4 mol H
2
=> A c 4 lin kt pi, hoc vng km bn
=> A c 3 lin kt pi, hoc vng bn vi dung dch Br
2

A l hp cht c trong chng trnh ph thng => A c cu trc vng benzen
Vy cng thc cu to ca A l: A l Stiren.
HC
CH
2

c) X
2
khi tc dng vi Clo c chiu sng cho dn xut mono Clo nn X
2
phi l hp
cht no hoc hp cht thm
Cc nguyn t cacbon trong X
2
hon ton ng nht nn ch c cu to sau tha mn:

HC CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
HC
CH

8
Cu I (4 im) .
1) NOCl b phn hu theo phn ng : 2NOCl
(K)
2NO
(K)
+ Cl
2 (K)
Lc u ch c NOCl khi cn bng 500
0
K c 27% NOCl b phn hu v p sut tng cng ca h l
1atm . Hy tnh 500
0
K.
a) K
P
v G
0
ca phn ng .
b) Ap sut ring phn ca mi cht khi phn ng cn bng .
c) Nu h p sut h xung di 1 atm th s phn hu NOCl tng hay gim ? V sao ?
2) Trnh by s tch hn hp cht rn sau : NaCl , CaCO
3
, CaCl
2
, CaO, NH
4
Cl .Lng cc cht
trc v sau khi tch khng thay i.
Cu II (4im).
Mt dung dch cha CuSO
4
0,1M , NaCl 0,2 M , Cu d , CuCl d .
a) Chng minh rng xy ra phn ng sau 25
0
C Cu + Cu
2+
+ 2 Cl
-
2CuCl.
b)Tnh hng s cn bng ca phn ng trn
c) Tnh nng cn bng ca Cu
2+
, Cl
-
.
Bit Tt CuCl = 10
-7
E
0
Cu
2+
/Cu
+
= 0,15V E
0
Cu
+
/Cu = 0,52V
Cu III (4im).
Cho mt lng nh cht hu c A (th tch khng ng k ) vo mt bnh kn dung tch khng i
cha oxi va t chy ht A. t hon ton A , p sut trong bnh sau phn ng gp 24/11 p
sut trc phn ng ( cc p sut o cng nhit 136,5
0
C ). Sn phm thu c kh CO
2
, hi nc
v n cht X c t khi so vi hiro l 13,75 , trong VCO
2
/ VH2O = 4/7.
Xc nh cng thc phn t , cng thc cu to ca A .Bit M
A
< 100 vC v s mol oxi phn ng
bng 1/2 tng s mol CO
2
v H
2
O to thnh , A phn ng vi c dung dch NaOH v HCl . Vit cc
phng trnh phn ng .
Cu IV (4im).
Dung dch X cha CuSO
4
, HCl , Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
.Ly 400 ml X em in phn din cc tr I = 7,72
Ampe. Khi catot thu c 5,12 gam mt kim loi duy nht th dng li . Khi anot c 2,24 lit mt
cht kh duy nht thot ra (ktc) . Dung dch sau in phn tc dng va vi 1,25 lit dung dch
Ba(OH)
2
0,2 M v un nng trong khng kh cho phn ng hon ton thu c 56,76 gam kt ta.
a) Tnh thi gian in phn.
b) b) Tnh nng mol/l cccht trong dung dch X.
Cu V (4im).
1) Trn 10 cm
3
mt hidrocacbon A th kh vi mt lng kh oxi d ri t chy hon ton .
Sau khi lm lnh ri a sn phm chy v nhit ban u th th tch gim 30 cm
3
so vi trc th
nghim . Nu dn tip qua dung dch KOH d th gim tip thm 40 cm
3
na . Xc nh cng thc
phn t , vit cng thc cu to cc ng phn ca A.
2) Np mt hn hp kh X gm mt hidrocacbon A v oxi d theo t l th tch 1: 4 vo kh nhin k
. Sau khi cho n v ngng t hi nc ri a v nhit ban u th thu c hn hp kh Y c p
sut gim cn mt na so vi p sut ca hn hp X.
a) Xc nh cng thc phn t ca X.
b ) Tnh s mol hn hp X dng to 20 gam kt ta khi cho sn phm chy vo dung dch c
cha 22,2 gam Ca(OH)
2
.
P N
Cu I (4im).
a) Gi s ban u c 1 mol NOCl , s mol phn hu l 0,27 mol

2NOCl
(K)
2NO
(K)
+ Cl
2 (K)

Cn bng : 0,73 0,27 0,135
Kn = 0,27
2
.0,135/0,73
2
= 1,85.10
-2
0,5
Kp = Kn(P/
n
)
n
= 1,85.10
-2
.(1/1,135)
1
= 1,63.10
-2
0,5
G
0
= -8,314.500.ln1,63.10
-2
= 17112,7j
b) Khi cn bng tng s mol ca hn hp bng: 0,73 + 0,27 + 0,135 = 1,135 mol 0,5
PNOCl = 0,73/1,135 = 0,643 atm. PNO = 0,27/1,135 = 0,238 atm.
PCl
2
= 0,135/1,135 = 0,119 atm.
c) Nu h p sut di 1atm th theo nguyn l chun dch cn bng th cn bng chuyn dch theo
chiu thun lm tng s phn hu ca NOCl.
2)
NaCl NH
3
+ HCl
lm lnh
NH
4
Cl
CaCO
3
t
0
CaCO
3
CaCO
3

CaCl
2
CaCl
2
H
2
O CaCl
2

CaCl
2
CaCO
3

CaO NaCl NaCl CO
2
d NaCl
un si
NaCl
NH
4
Cl CaO Ca(OH)
2
Ca(HCO
3
)
2
CaCl
2

CaCO
3
t
0
CaO CaCl
2 (NH4)2CO3 d
CaCO
3

HCl d
CaCl
2
(c cn dung dch )

NaCl NaCl NH
3
, HCl , CO
2
, H
2
O
NH
4
Cl t
0
(NH
4
)
2
CO
3
NaCl
Tch c mi cht mi cht 0,375 , tch c CaO 0,5 2
Cu II (4im).
a) Cu
2+
+ e Cu
+
E Cu
2+
/ Cu
+
= 0,15 + 0,059lg[Cu
2+
]/ [Cu
+
] .
[Cu
+
] = 10
-7
/[Cl
-
] =5.10
-7
M => E Cu
2+
/ Cu
+
= 0,15 + 0,059lg0,1/5.10
-7
= 0,463V. 0,5
E Cu
+
/ Cu = 0,52 + 0,059lg[Cu
+
] = 0,52 + 0,059lg5.10
-7
= 0,148V. 0,5
E Cu
2+/
Cu
+
> E Cu
+
/ Cu

=> Cu
2+
l cht oxiho Cu l cht kh ,phn ng trn xy
ra theo chiu thun.
b) Cu
2+
+ Cu 2Cu
+
K
1
= 10
- (0,52-0,15)/ 0,059
2Cu
+
+ 2Cl
-
2CuCl
2
K
2
= (1/T)
2
= 10
14

Cu + Cu
2+
+ 2 Cl
-
2CuCl. K = K
1
.K
2
= 5,35.10
7
1,0
c) Cu + Cu
2+
+ 2 Cl
-
2CuCl.
Ban u 0,1 0,2
Cn bng 0,1 - x 0,2 - 2x 0,5
K = 1/ (0,1- x )(0,2-2x)
2
= 5,35.10
-7
= 1/4(0,1- x )(0,1-x)
2
= 1/4(0,1-x)
3
= 5,35.10
7
1,0
=> 0,1 - x = [Cu
2+
]= 1,67.10
-3
[Cl
-
] = 2.(0,1 - x) = 3,34.10
-3
0,5
Cu III (4im).
A + O
2
CO
2
+ H
2
O + X
A c C , H , X c th c Oxi . Gi s c 4 mol CO
2
v 7 mol H
2
O
S mol Oxi trong CO
2
, H
2
O l 4 + 7/2 = 7,5 mol .
S mol O
2
phn ng = (4+7) / 2= 5,5 = > S mol O
2
trong A = 7,5 - 5,5 = 2 mol.
Ps/Pt = 24/11 = ( 4+7+ n
X
) / 5,5 = > n
X
= 1 mol 0,5
M = ( 44.4 + 18.7 + M
X
) / (4 +7+ 1) = 13,75.2 => M
X
= 28 => X l N
2
. 1,0
n
C
= 4 n
H
= 14 n
O
= 4 n
N
= 2 t cng thc A l : C
x
H
y
O
z
N
t
x : y : z : t = 4 : 14 : 4 : 2 = 2 : 7 : 2 : 1 => CT nguyn : (C
2
H
7
O
2
N)
n
0,5
M
A
= 77.n < 100 => n = 1 CTPT ca A l : C
2
H
7
O
2
N 0,5
CTCT CH
3
-COONH
4
v HCOONH
3
-CH
3
. 0,5
Phng trn phn ng:
CH
3
-COONH
4
+ NaOH CH
3
-COON
a
+ NH
3
+ H
2
O 0,25
CH
3
-COONH
4
+ HCl CH
3
-COOH + NH
4
Cl 0,25
HCOONH
3
-CH
3
. + NaOH H-COON
a
+ CH
3
NH
2
+ H
2
O 0,25
HCOONH
3
-CH
3
. H-COOH + CH
3
NH
3
Cl 0,25
Cu IV (4im). Kh thot ra l Cl
2
, th t in phn
Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ 2HCl
inphn
2FeSO
4
+ Cl
2
+ H
2
SO
4
(1) 0,25

0,02 0,04 0,04 0,02 0,02
CuSO
4

+ 2HCl
inphn
Cu + Cl
2
+ H
2
SO
4
(2) 0,25
0,08 0,16 0,08 0,08 0,08
S mol Cu = 5,12/64 = 0,08 mol S mol Cl
2
= 2,24/22,4 = 0,1 mol.
Dung dch sau in phn gm : FeSO
4
, H
2
SO
4
c th c CuSO
4

v HCl d
H
+
+ OH
-
H
2
O (3) 0,25
0,2 + y 0,2 + y
Fe
2+
+ 2OH
-
Fe(OH)
2
(4) 0,25
0,04 0,08 0,04
Cu
2+
+ 2OH
-
Cu(OH)
2
(5) 0,25
x 2x
SO
4
2-
+ Ba
2+
BaSO
4
(6) 0,25
0,15 + x 0,15 + x
a) Kh thot ra duy nht l Cl
2
phng trnh 1 ,2 t = 0,1. 2. 96500/7,72 = 2500 (s) 0,5
S mol Cu = 0,08 = s mol CuSO
4
(2) = S mol Cl
2
(2) = S mol H
2
SO
4
(2).=> S mol HCl(2) = 0,16
S mol Cl
2
(1) = 0,1 - 0,008 = 0,02 = s mol H
2
SO
4
(1).=
S mol Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
=> S mol HCl(1) = 0,04 mol. 0,5
Xt phn ng (6) nu Ba
2+
th : s mol BaSO
4
= s mol Ba
2+
= 0,25 mol khi lng
BaSO
4
= 0,25. 233 = 58,25 gam > 56,76 gam . Vy Ba
2+
d . 0,5
t x , y l s mol ca CuSO
4

v HCl .Dung dch sau in phn c :
S mol H
+
= 0,2 + y s mol SO
4
2-
= 0,14 + x , s mol Cu
2+
= x , s mol Fe
2+
= 0,04.
Theo phng trnh 3,4,5 S mol OH
-
= 0,2 + y + 0,08 + 2x = 0,5 => 2x + y = 0,22.
Khi lng kt ta = 98x + 233( 0,14 + x ) + 0,04.107 = 56,76 => x = 0,06 y = 0,1 0,5
C
M HCl
= (0,04 + 0,16 + 0,1) : 0,4 = 0,75 M C
MCuSO4
= (0,08 + 0,06 ) : 0,4 = 0,35M 0,5
C
M fe2(SO4)3
= 0,02 : 0,4 = 0,05M 4
CuV (4im).
1) t cng thc ca A l C
x
H
y
, th tch oxi ban u l V cm
3
V
= 10 + V 0,25
C
x
H
y
+ ( x + y/4 ) O
2
xCO
2
+ y/2 H
2
O
10 10 ( x + y/4 )

10x 5y
Th tch CO
2
= 10x = 40 => x = 4 0,25
Sau khi lm lnh V
s
= V - 10 ( x + y/4 ) + 40 = 10 + V - 30 => y = 8 CTPT C
4
H
8
0,75
Cc ng phn : CH
2
= CH- CH
2
-CH
3
(1); CH
3
- CH= CH-CH
3
(2): CH
2
= C- CH
3
(3) 0,75
CH
3

CH
3
(4) (5) ngoi ra (2) cn c ng phn Cis - Trans
CH
3
CH
3
CH
3
H
C = C C = C
H H H CH
3
2) a) t cng thc A l C
x
H
y
gi s s mol ban u l 1 mol , s mol oxi l 4 mol.

=> s mol X = 5mol.
C
x
H
y
+ ( x + y/4 ) O
2
xCO
2
+ y/2 H
2
O 0,25
1 ( x + y/4 ) x
Sau khi t chy ,ngng t hi nc
S mol kh sau phn ng = 4 - (x+ y/4) + x = 4 - y/4
V nhit , th tch khng i nn : P
x
/P
y
= n
x
/n
y
=> 2 = 5/ (4-y/4 ) => y= 6 0,25
V oxi d => S mol oxi phn ng = x + 6/4 < 4 => x < 2,5 => x= 2 0,75
CTPT ca A l C
2
H
6
. 0,25

b) C
2
H
6
+ 3,5 O
2
2CO
2
+ 3H
2
O (1)
a mol 2a mol
CO
2
+ Ca(OH)
2
CaCO
3
+ H
2
O (2)
0,2 0,2 0,2
2CO
2
+ Ca(OH)
2
Ca(HCO
3
)
2
(3)
0,1 0,1
S mol Ca(OH)
2
= 0,3 mol. S mol CaCO
3
= 0,2 mol.

Trng hp 1 : Khng c phn ng (3).
S mol CO
2
= 2a = 0,2 => S mol C
2
H
6
= 0,1 S mol X = 0,1.5 = 0,5 mol. 0,25
Trng hp 2 : C phn ng (3).
S mol Ca(OH)
2
(3) = 0,3 - 0,2 = 0,1 => S mol CO
2
(2,3) = 0,3 = 3a => a= 0,15 mol. 0,25
S mol X = 0,15. 5 = 0,75 mol .

9
Cu 1:a/ Ho tan hn hp gm Al
2
O
3
v Fe
3
O
4
bng dung dch NaOH d thu c dung dch A v
phn khng tan B. Ly ring B ho tan hon ton trong dung dch HCl thu c dung dch C. Cho
dung dch NaOH d vo dung dch C, sau lc ly kt ta v nung trong khng kh n khi lng
khng i thu c cht rn D. D tan hon ton trong dung dch H
2
SO
4
long cho dung dch trong
sut. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra v cho bit trong A, B,C,D gm c nhng cht g?
b/ Cho t t x mol CO
2
vo dung dch cha y mol NaOH. Sau khi cho ht CO
2
vo, thu c dung
dch A. Hi dung dch A c cha nhng cht g? bao nhiu mol (tnh theo x,y)
c/ tan l g?
Khi lm lnh mg dung dch mui K
2
SO
4
sunfat 60
0
C xung 0
0
C th c 108,5g mui c kt tinh
li. Tm mg? v lng mui c trong dung dch lc u. Cho bit tan ca K
2
SO
4
60
0
C l
18,2gam v 0
0
C ch cn 7,35gam.
Cu 2:a/ Hon thnh cc phng trnh phn ng sau di dng phn t v Ion:
3
3
3 3 2
3
.....
( )
? ?
x y
n x y
x y a b
Fe O HNO Fe NO
M HNO M NO N O H O
Fe O HNO N O
+
+ + +
+ + +
+ + +

b/ Cho 34,4 g hn hp A gm Fe v Fe
x
O
y
tc dng ht vi dung dch HNO
3
thu c 7,4832 lt hn
hp NO, NO
2
( 27
0
C, 750 mmHg) c t khi hi hn hp kh i vi Hir l 17,666. Mt khc cng
lng hn hp A tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl th thu c 4,48 lt kh( KC). Xc nh cng
thc ca oxit st.
Cu 3:a/ Mt hp cht B c to bi mt kim loi ho tr II v mt phi kim ho tr I. Trong phn t
B tng s ht(p,n,e) l 290, tng s ht khng mang in l 110, hiu s ht khng mang in gia
phi kim v kim loi l 70. T l s ht mang in ca kim loi so vi phi kim trong B l 2/7. Tm s
khi v s hiu nguyn t ca kim loi v phi kim trn.
b./ pH l g? Cho cc dung dch sau: Na
2
CO
3
, NH
4
NO
3
, K
2
SO
4
. Hi dung dch no c pH>7, pH=7,
pH<7. Gii thch.
c/ Cho 200ml dung dch A cha HCl v H
2
SO
4
theo t l s mol 3:1 phn ng va vi y lit dung
dch B cha NaOH 0,2M v Ba(OH)
2
0,1M. C cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c 4,3125g mui
khan.
- Tnh nng mol mi axit.
- Tnh pH ca dung dch B?
(Cho Al=27, Fe=56, K=39, S=32, O=16).
Cu 4:
1. Cn thm bao nhiu NH
3
vo dung dch Ag
+
0,004M ngn chn s kt ta ca AgCl khi
[Cl
-
]=0,001M?
Cho T
AgCl
=1,8.10
-10
, K
kb
ca [Ag(NH
3
)
2
]
+
= 6.10
-3

2. tan ca H
2
S trong dung dch HClO
4
0,003M l 0,1mol/l nu thm vo dung dch ny cc
Ion Mn
2+
v Cu
2+
sao cho nng ca chng bng 2.10
-4
M th Ion no s kt ta di dng
sunfua? Bit T
MnS
= 3.10
-14
, T
CuS
= 8.10
-37
, K
H2S
=1,3.10
-21
.
P N HSG HO
Cu1:(6)a/ 2 Dung dch A: NaAlO
2
, NaOH d
Al
2
O
3
+ 2NaOH = 2NaAlO
2
+ H
2
O
B Fe
3
O
4

Fe
3
O
4
+ 8HCl = FeCl
2
+ 2FeCl
3
+ 4H
2
O
Dung dch C: FeCl
2
, FeCl
3

FeCl
2
+ 2NaOH = Fe(OH)
2
+ 2 NaCl
FeCl
3
+ 3NaOH = Fe(OH)
3
+ 3 NaCl

Kt ta Fe(OH)
2
, Fe(OH)
3

2Fe(OH)
2
+
2 2
1
O H O
2
+ = 2Fe(OH)
3

2Fe(OH)
3

0
t
Fe
2
O
3
+ 3H
2
O
Rn D: Fe
2
O
3

Fe
2
O
3
+ 3H
2
SO
4
= Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ 3H
2
O
b/ 2 CO
2
+ NaOH = NaHCO
3
(1)
x x x
NaHCO
3
+ NaOH = Na
2
CO
3
+ H
2
O (2)
y-x y-x y-x
C 5 trng hp xy ra:
TH1: x>y ch c phn ng (1) dung dch C c x mol NaHCO
3
, y-x mol NaOH
TH2: x=y ch c phn ng (1) dung dch C c x mol NaHCO
3

TH3: x<y<2x phn ng (1) v (2) dung dch C c y-x mol Na
2
CO
3
, 2x-y mol NaHCO
3

TH4: y=2x phn ng (1) v (2) hon ton dung dch C x mol Na
2
CO
3

TH5: y>2x phn ng (1) v (2) d NaOH dung dch C c x mol Na
2
CO
3 ,
y-2x mol NaOH
c/ 2-nh ngha tan
x =
2 4
K SO
m trong mg 60
0
C

2 4
K SO
100x
18,2
m x
x 182 m (au)
100(x 108,5)
7,35
m x
=

= =
`

=

)
-------------------------------1
100.182 = 18,2(m-182) => m = 1182g 1
Cu2: a/ 2,5 ; b/ 1,5
Fe + 2HCl = FeCl
2
+ H
2

2
Fe H
n n = = 0,2 mol
n
NO
= a ,
2
NO
n b = ;
a + b = 0,3 ;
30a 46b
17,666x2
0,3
+
=
30a + 46b =10,602 (a =0,2 ; b=0,1)...........................................................0,5
Fe 3e =
3
Fe
+

0,2 0,6 0,2
x
2y
3
x
Fe (3x 2y)e xFe
+
+
=
z (3x-2y)z
N
+5
+ 1e = N
+4

0,1 0,1 0,1
N
+5
+ 3e = N
+2

0,2 0,6 0,2.......................................................................................... 0,5
Tng mol e nhng = tng mol e nhn
(3x-2y)z + 0,6 = 0,7 (1) ; 56.0,2 + (56x + 16y)z = 34,456xz + 16yz = 23,2 (2)
xz =0,3 , yz =0,4
x 3
y 4
= => Fe
3
O
4
0,5
Cu 3: (5)
a. (2) N
X
= 20; Z
X
= 20 => Ca 0,5
N
Y
= 45; Z
Y
= 35 => Br....................................................................... 0,5
b. (1 ) nh ngha pH............................................................... 0,25
Dung dch Na
2
CO
3
c pH>7, gii thch....................................................... 0,25
Dung dch Cu(NO
3
)
2
c pH<7, gii thch.................................................... 0,25
Dung dch K
2
SO
4
c pH = 7, gii thch....................................................... 0,25
c. (2) [HCl] = 0,15M; [H
2
SO
4
] ;pH = 13,6


10 (HSG NNG (04-05)
Cu I (3 im)
1. Hy so snh v gii thch s khc nhau v phn cc phn t, nhit si v mnh tnh baz
gia NH
3
v NF
3
.
2. N
2
O
4
phn li 20,0% thnh NO
2
27
o
C v 1,00 atm. Hy xc nh (a) gi tr K
p
; (b) phn li ca
N
2
O
4
ti 27
o
C v 0,10 atm; (c) phn li ca 69g N
2
O
4
trong bnh 20 L 27
o
C.
3. Tnh pH ca dung dch thu c khi thi ht 224 mL kh CO
2
vo 200 mL dung dch NaOH
0,05M, bit axit cacbonic c 35 , 6 pK
1 a
= , 33 , 10 pK
2 a
= .
P N
1. Cu to:
N
H
H
H
N
F
F
F

- NH
3
phn cc hn NF
3
do trong NH
3
lng cc lin kt v lng cc electron t do cng
chiu, cn trong NF
3
lng cc lin kt v lng cc electron t do ngc chiu.
- Nhit si ca NH
3
cao hn do NH
3
to c lin kt H lin phn t.
- NH
3
l mt baz cn NF
3
th khng, do trong NF
3
cc nguyn t F ht electron lm gim
mt electron trn nguyn t N.
2. Xt phn ng phn li:
N
2
O
4
2NO
2

n 0
no 2no
n-no 2no
Phn mol:
o +
o
1
1

o +
o
1
2
, P
1
4
P
P
P
K
2
2
O N
2
NO
O N
2
NO
P
4 2
2
4 2
2
o
o
=
= =
(a) 17 , 0 1
) 2 , 0 ( 1
) 2 , 0 ( 4
P
1
4
K
2
2
2
2
P
=
=
o
o
=
(b) %) 6 , 54 ( 546 , 0 17 , 0 10 , 0
1
4
2
2
= o =
o
o

(c) mol 75 , 0
92
69
n = =
) 1 ( 9225 , 0
20
300 082 , 0 ) 1 ( 75 , 0
P
4 2
O N
o =
o
=
o =
o
= 845 , 1
20
300 082 , 0 . 75 , 0 . 2
P
2
NO

17 , 0
) 1 ( 9225 , 0
) 845 , 1 (
K
2
P
=
o
o
= %) 27 , 19 ( 1927 , 0 = o
3. 01 , 0 05 , 0 2 , 0 n , mol 01 , 0
4 , 22
224 , 0
n
NaOH CO
2
= = = =
V s mol CO
2
v NaOH bng nhau nn h ch cha NaHCO
3
. C th tnh pH ca h lng tnh
ny bng cng thc:
( ) 3 , 8 33 , 10 35 , 6
2
1
) pK pK (
2
1
pH
2 1
= + = + =

Cu II (3 im)
1. Vit phng trnh phn ng xy ra khi cho NH
4
Cl tc dng vi CuO v vi ZnO. Cho bit ng
dng thc t ca NH
4
Cl tng ng vi cc phn ng ny.

2. Ha tan 10,00 g hn hp gm Cu
2
S v CuS bng 200,0 mL dung dch MnO
4
-
0,7500 M trong mi
trng axit. Sau khi un si ui ht kh SO
2
sinh ra, lng MnO
4
-
cn d trong dung dch
phn ng va ht vi 175,0 mL dung dch Fe
2+
1,000 M.
(a) Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra (dng phng trnh ion thu gn).
(b) Tnh phn trm khi lng CuS trong hn hp ban u.
1. Trong thc t, NH
4
Cl c dng nh sch b mt kim loi trc khi hn:
4CuO + 2NH
4
Cl N
2
+ 3Cu + CuCl
2
+ 4H
2
O
ZnO + 2NH
4
Cl ZnCl
2
+ 2NH
3
+ H
2
O
2. (a) Phng trnh phn ng:
5Cu
2
S + 8MnO
4
-

+ 44H
+
10Cu
2+
+ 5SO
2
+ 8Mn
2+
+ 22H
2
O (1)
5CuS + 6MnO
4
-

+ 28H
+
5Cu
2+
+ 5SO
2
+ 6Mn
2+
+ 14H
2
O (2)
5Fe
2+
+ MnO
4
-
+ 8H
+
5Fe
3+
+ Mn
2+
+ 4H
2
O (3)
(b) Xc nh %
(1) mol 035 , 0 1 175 , 0
5
1
n
5
1
n
2
4
Fe ) 3 ( MnO
= = =
+

mol 115 , 0 035 , 0 75 , 0 2 , 0 n
) 2 , 1 ( MnO
4
= =

t s mol Cu
2
S v CuS ln lt l x v y, ta c:

=
=
= +
= +
0625 , 0 y
025 , 0 x
115 , 0 y
5
6
x
5
8
10 y 96 x 160

% 60 % 100
10
96 0625 , 0
m %
S Cu
=
=
Cu III (4 im)
1. Ch dng cht ch th phenolphtalein, hy phn bit cc dung dch NaHSO
4
, Na
2
CO
3
, AlCl
3
,
Fe(NO
3
)
3
, NaCl, Ca(NO
3
)
2
. Cc phn ng minh ha vit di dng ion thu gn.
2. Ha tan ht 2,2 g hn hp kim loi A gm st v nhm trong 150 mL dung dch HNO
3
2M thu
c dung dch B v 448 mL (ktc) kh C gm N
2
O v N
2
c t khi so vi khng kh bng
1,2414. Thm 13,6 g NaOH nguyn cht vo dung dch B thu c kt ta D, lc kt ta D thu
c dung dch nc lc E.
(a) Tnh phn trm khi lng mi kim loi trong hn hp A ban u.
(b) Nung kt ta D n khi lng khng i th thu c bao nhiu gam cht rn khan?
(c) Tnh th tch dung dch HCl 0,5M cn thm vo dung dch E thu c 2,34 g kt ta.
P N
1. Trch mu th cho mi ln th nghim:
Cho phenolphtalein vo mi mu th. Mu th c mu hng l dung dch Na
2
CO
3
, cc mu
th cn li khng mu.
CO
3
2-
+ H
2
O HCO
3
-
+ OH
-

Dng Na
2
CO
3
lm thuc th cho vo cc mu th cn li.
Mu th c si bt kh khng mu l NaHSO
4

CO
3
2-
+ 2H
+
H
2
O + CO
2

Mu th to kt ta trng keo v si bt kh khng mu l AlCl
3

2Al
3+
+ 3CO
3
2-
+ 3H
2
O 2Al(OH)
3
+ 3CO
2

Mu th to kt ta nu v si bt kh khng mu l Fe(NO
3
)
3

2Fe
3+
+ 3CO
3
2-
+ 3H
2
O 2Fe(OH)
3
+ 3CO
2

Mu th to kt ta trng l Ca(NO
3
)
2

Ca
2+
+ CO
3
2-
CaCO
3

Mu th khng to hin tng l NaCl.
2. (a) t s mol N
2
O v N
2
ln lt bng a v b, ta c:
= =
= =
+
= = +
01 , 0 b a
36 29 2414 , 1
02 , 0
b 28 a 44
02 , 0
4 , 22
448 , 0
b a


t s mol Fe v Al ln lt bng x v y
Cht kh Cht oxi ha
Fe - 3e Fe
3+
10H
+
+ 2NO
3
-
+ 8e N
2
O + 5H
2
O
3x x 0,10 0,08
Al - 3e Al
3+
12H
+
+ 2NO
3
-
+ 10e N
2
+ 6H
2
O
3y y 0,12 0,10
V mol 3 , 0 ) bd ( n mol 22 , 0 ) pu ( n
H H
= < =
+ +
nn axit d, phn ng khng to Fe
2+
.
Ta c:
=
=
= +
= +
04 , 0 y
02 , 0 x
18 , 0 y 3 x 3
2 , 2 y 27 x 56

Vy % 9 , 50 % 100
2 , 2
56 02 , 0
m %
Fe
=
= v % 1 , 49 m %
Al
=
(b) Thm NaOH vo dung dch B [H
+
(0,15.2-0,22 = 0,08 mol), Fe
3+
(x = 0,02 mol), Al
3+
(y =
0,04 mol) v NO
3
-
]

H
+
+ OH
-
H
2
O (1)
Fe
3+
+ 3OH
-
Fe(OH)
3
(2)
Al
3+
+ 3OH
-
Al(OH)
3
(3)
Al(OH)
3
+ OH
-
AlO
2
-
+ 2H
2
O (4)
mol 34 , 0
40
6 , 13
n mol 3 , 0 n 4 n 3 n n
) bd ( OH Al Fe H ) 4 , 3 , 2 , 1 ( OH
3 3
= = < = + + =
+ + +

sau (1), (2), (3), (4) vn cn d OH
-
, kt ta D l Fe(OH)
3
(0,02mol)
2Fe(OH)
3
Fe
2
O
3
+ 3H
2
O, m
rn
= g 6 , 1 160 01 , 0 m
3 2
O Fe
= =
(c) Thm HCl vo dung dch E [Na
+
, OH
-
(0,04 mol), AlO
2
-
(0,04 mol) v NO
3
-
]

OH
-
+ H
+
H
2
O (5)
AlO
2
-
+ H
+
+ H
2
O Al(OH)
3
(6)
Al(OH)
3
+ 3H
+
Al
3+
+ 3H
2
O (7)
mol 03 , 0
78
34 , 2
n
3
) OH ( Al
= =

Trng hp 1: Xy ra (5), (6) v AlO
2
-
d
mol 07 , 0 03 , 0 04 , 0 n n n
3
) OH ( Al
OH H
= + = + =
+
, L 14 , 0
5 , 0
07 , 0
V = =
Trng hp 2: Xy ra (5), (6), (7)
mol 01 , 0 03 , 0 04 , 0 n
) 7 ( ) OH ( Al
3
= =
mol 11 , 0 03 , 0 04 , 0 04 , 0 n 3 n n n
) 7 ( ) OH ( Al
AlO OH H 3
2
= + + = + + =
+
L 22 , 0
5 , 0
11 , 0
V = =

Cu IV (3 im)
1. Tnh hiu ng nhit phn ng hidro ha etilen to etan, bit nhit chy ca C
2
H
6
v C
2
H
4
ln lt
bng -368,4 kcal/mol v -337,2 kcal/mol [sn phm chy l CO
2
(k) v H
2
O (l)], nhit hnh thnh
H
2
O (l) l -68,32 kcal/mol.
2. (a) Vit cng thc cu to v gi tn anken t cacbon nht ng thi c ng phn hnh hc v
ng phn quang hc. (b) Vit cc ng phn hnh hc v quang hc ng vi cu to (s dng
cng thc Fisher) v xc nh cu hnh mi ng phn (Z/E v R/S). (b) Vit cu to cc sn phm
chnh hnh thnh khi cho anken trn tc dng vi dung dch nc brom c lng nh mui natri
clorua.
P N IM
1. (1) C
2
H
6
(k) + 7/2O
2
(k) 2CO
2
(k) + 3H
2
O (l) kcal 4 , 368 H = A
(2) C
2
H
4
(k) + 3O
2
(k) 2CO
2
(k) + 2H
2
O (l) kcal 2 , 337 H = A
(3) H
2
(k) + 1/2O
2
(k) H
2
O (l) kcal 32 , 68 H = A
Ly (2) - (1) + (3) ta c:

1,00

C
2
H
4
(k) + H
2
(k) C
2
H
6
(k) kcal 1 , 37 ) 32 , 68 ( ) 4 , 368 ( ) 2 , 337 ( H = + = A
2. (a) Cu to:
CH
3
CH CH C
H
CH
3
C
2
H
5
(4-metylhex-2-en)

(b) Cu hnh:

C
C
CH
3
H
C
2
H
5
C
H
H
CH
3
C
C
H CH
3
C
2
H
5
C
C
CH
3
H
C
2
H
5
C
CH
3
H
H
C
C
H CH
3
C
2
H
5
H
H
C
CH
3
H
CH
3
C
H
(E)(R) (E)(S)
(Z)(R)
(Z)(S)

(c) Cu to cc sn phm:

CH
3
CH CH CH
CH
3
C
2
H
5
CH
3
CH CH CH
CH
3
C
2
H
5
Br Br
CH
3
CH CH CH
CH
3
C
2
H
5
OH Br
CH
3
CH CH CH
CH
3
C
2
H
5
Cl Br

0,25

1,00
(0,25
4)

0,75
(0,25
3)

Cu V (3 im)
1. Hidrocacbon A c khi lng phn t bng 80. Ozon phn A ch to andehit fomic v andehit
oxalic.
C H
O
H C H
O
C
O
H
andehit fomic andehit oxalic

(a) Xc nh cu to v gi tn A.
(b) Dng c ch gii thch cc sn phm hnh thnh khi cng Br
2
vo A theo t l mol 1:1, gi tn
cc sn phm ny.
2. Hp cht A c cng thc phn t C
9
H
8
. A lm mt mu Br
2
trong CCl
4
; hidro ha A trong iu
kin m du to ra C
9
H
10,
cn

trong iu kin nhit v p sut cao th to ra C
9
H
16
; oxi ha
mnh lit A sinh ra axit phtalic [1,2-C
6
H
4
(COOH)
2
]. Lp lun xc nh cu to ca A.
P N IM
1. (a) Cng thc tng qut cho A l C
x
H
y

Ta c
=
=
+ s
= +
8 y
6 x
2 x 2 y
80 y x 12
, cng thc phn t C
6
H
8
) 3 ( = A
T sn phm ozon phn ta thu c cu to ca A:
CH
2
CH CH CH CH CH
2
H
2
C O O
H
C
H
C O O
H
C
H
C O O CH
2
A (hexa-1,3,5-trien)

(b) C ch v sn phm:

0,50

0,50
(0,25
2)



CH
2
CH CH CH CH CH
2
Br
2
CH
2
CH CH CH CH CH
2
CH
2
CH CH CH CH CH
2
Br
Br
CH
2
CH CH CH CH CH
2
Br
CH
2
CH CH CH CH CH
2
CH
2
CH CH CH CH CH
2
Br
Br
CH
2
CH CH CH CH CH
2
Br
Br
Br
Br
(X) 5,6-dibromhexa-1,3-dien; (Y) 3,6-dibromhexa-1,4-dien;
(X)
(Y)
(Z)
(Z) 1,6-dibromhexa-2,4-dien

2. A (C
9
H
8
) c bt bo ha 6 = A
A lm mt mu Br
2
v cng m du 1 phn t H
2
cho thy A c 1 lin kt i.
A cng ti a 4 phn t H
2
v khi oxi ha to axit phtalic cho thy A c vng benzen
v ngoi ra cn mt vng 5 cnh na.
Cng thc ca A:

1,50
(0,50
3)

0,50

Cu VI (4 im)
Chia 3,584 L (ktc) hn hp gm mt ankan (A), mt anken (B) v mt ankin (C) thnh 2 phn bng
nhau. Phn 1 cho qua dung dch AgNO
3
d trong NH
3
thy th tch hn hp gim 12,5% v thu c
1,47g kt ta. Phn 2 cho qua dung dch brom d thy khi lng bnh brom tng 2,22g v c 13,6g
brom tham gia phn ng. t chy hon ton kh ra khi bnh brom ri hp th sn phm chy vo
dung dch Ba(OH)
2
d th thu c 2,955g kt ta.
1. Xc nh cng thc cu to A, B v C.
2. T A vit dy chuyn ha (ghi r iu kin phn ng) iu ch 1,1-dibrompropan v 2,2-
dibrompropan.
3. Vit phng trnh phn ng xy ra khi cho C tc dng vi dung dch KMnO
4
trong (i) mi trng
trung tnh nhit phng v (ii) mi trng axit (H
2
SO
4
) c un nng.

P N IM
1. Trong mt phn, ta c: mol 08 , 0
4 , 22
584 , 3
2
1
n
C , B , A
= = . Dung dch AgNO
3
/NH
3
ch hp
th ankin, t cng thc ankin l RCCH (gi s khng phi l C
2
H
2
).
RCCH + AgNO
3
+ NH
3
RCCAg + NH
4
NO
3
(1)
mol 01 , 0 08 , 0
100
5 , 12
n n
ankin
= = += (R + 132)0,01 = 1,47
R = 15 (CH
3
-), cng thc ca ankin l CH
3
CCH
Dung dch brom hp th anken (C
n
H
2n
) v ankin
C
n
H
2n
+ Br
2
C
n
H
2n
Br
2
(2)

C
3
H
4
+ 2Br
2
C
3
H
4
Br
4
(3)
g 82 , 1 40 01 , 0 22 , 2 m
n 2 n
H C
= = , mol 065 , 0 2 01 , 0
160
6 , 13
n
) 2 ( Br
2
= =
T
065 , 0
1
82 , 1
n 14
= n = 2, cng thc ca anken l CH
2
=CH
2
.
Kh ra khi bnh brom l ankan (C
m
H
2m+2
), mol 005 , 0 065 , 0 01 , 0 08 , 0 n
2 n 2 n
H C
= =
+

0,75

0,75


C
m
H
2m+2
+
2
O
2
1 n 3
|
.
|
\
| +
nCO
2
+ (n+1)H
2
O (4)
CO
2
+ Ba(OH)
2
BaCO
3
+ H
2
O (5)
015 , 0
197
955 , 2
n n
3 2
BaCO CO
= = =
T (4): 3 n
015 , 0
n
005 , 0
1
= = , cng thc ankan l CH
3
CH
2
CH
3
.
2. iu ch:
C
3
H
8
C
3
H
7
Cl CH
3
CH=CH
2
CH
3
CHBr-CH
2
Br
CH
3
C CH
CH
3
CH
2
CHBr
2
CH
3
CBr
2
CH
3
Cl
2
,as KOH/ROH
KOH/ROH
Br
2
HBr
HBr
peoxit

3. Phn ng ca C:
+ 2KMnO
4
CH
3
C CH CH
3
C C
O O
+ 2MnO
2
+ KOH OK

5CH
3
CCH + 8KMnO
4
+ 12H
2
SO
4
5CH
3
COOH + 5CO
2

+ 8MnSO
4
+ 4K
2
SO
4
+ 12H
2
O

0,50

1,00
(0,50
2)

1,00
(0,50
2)
11(HSG NNG (05-06)
Cu VII (4 im)
1. Nu hin tng xy ra v vit phng trnh phn ng minh ha trong cc trng hp sau:
(a) Ha tan t t cho n d dung dch NaOH vo dung dch AlCl
3
, sau thm HCl vo dung
dch thu c n d.
(b) Thm dung dch K
2
CO
3
vo dung dch Fe(NO
3
)
3

2. A l dung dch Na
2
CO
3
0,1M; B l dung dch hn hp Na
2
CO
3
0,1M v KHCO
3
0,1M v C l
dung dch KHCO
3
0,1M.
(a) Tnh th tch kh CO
2
(ktc) thot ra khi cho t t tng git n ht 50 mL dung dch HCl
0,1M vo 100 mL dung dch A v khi cho ht 100 mL dung dch B vo 200 mL dung dch
HCl 0,1M.
(b) Xc nh s mol cc cht c trong dung dch thu c khi thm 100 mL dung dch Ba(OH)
2

0,1M vo 150 mL dung dch C.
(c) Tnh pH ca cc dung dch A v C, bit axit cacbonic c pK
1
= 6,35 v pK
2
= 10,33.
(d) ngh phng php nhn bit cc anion c trong dung dch B.
P N IM
1. (a) Thm dung dch NaOH vo dung dch AlCl
3
thy xut hin kt ta trng keo, sau
tan li:
Al
3+
+ 3OH
-
Al(OH)
3

Al(OH)
3
+ OH
-

Al(OH)
4
-

Thm HCl vo dung dch thu c li thy xut hin kt ta trng keo, sau
tan li: Al(OH)
4
-
+ H
+
Al(OH)
3
+ H
2
O
Al(OH)
3
+ 3H
+
Al
3+
+ 3H
2
O

0,50

(b) Thm dung dch K
2
CO
3
vo dung dch Fe(NO
3
)
3
thy xut hin kt ta nu v
si bt kh khng mu: 2Fe
3+
+ 3CO
3
2-
+ 3H
2
O 2Fe(OH)
3
+ 3CO
2

0,25
2. (a) Cho t t tng git n ht 50 mL dung dch HCl 0,1M vo 100 mL dung dch
Na
2
CO
3
0,1M
CO
3
2-

+ H
+
HCO
3
-

0,01 0,005
0,005 0,005
0,005 0
Do CO
3
2-
d nn khng c giai on to CO
2
, 0 V
2
CO
=

0,50
Cho ht 100 mL dung dch Na
2
CO
3
0,1M v KHCO
3
0,1M vo 200 mL dung dch

HCl 0,1M:
CO
3
2-

+ 2H
+
H
2
O + CO
2
(1)
HCO
3
-
+ H
+
H
2
O + CO
2
(2)
V
+
> +
H HCO CO
n n n 2
3
2
3
nn H
+
phn ng ht.
Gi s (1) xy ra trc th ta c mol 01 , 0 n
2
1
n
H
CO
2
= =
+

Gi s (2) xy ra trc th t (1) v (2) ta c mol 015 , 0 n
2
CO
=
Thc t (1) v (2) ng thi xy ra nn:
L 336 , 0 4 , 22 015 , 0 V 4 , 22 01 , 0 L 224 , 0
2
CO
= < < =

1,00
(b) Thm 100 mL dung dch Ba(OH)
2
0,1M vo 150 mL dung dch KHCO
3

0,1M
HCO
3
-
+ OH
-
CO
3
2-
+ H
2
O
0,015 0,02
0,015 0,015
0 0,005 0,015
Ba
2+
+ CO
3
2-
BaCO
3

0,01 0,015
0,01 0,01
0 0,005
Dung dch cn 0,005 mol KOH v 0,005 mol K
2
CO
3

0,50
(c) Dung dch A c cc cn bng:
CO
3
2-
+ H
2
O HCO
3
-

+ OH
-
K
b1
= 10
-3,67

HCO
3
-
+ H
2
O H
2
O + CO
2
+ OH
-
K
b2
= 10
-7,65

H
2
O H
+
+ OH
-

K
N
= 10
-14

V K
b1
>> K
b2
>> K
N
nn cn bng (1) l ch yu:
pH = 14 -
2
1
(pK
b1
+ pC) = 14 -
2
1
(3,67 + 1) = 11,67
Dung dch C l dung dch lng tnh nn:
pH =
2
1
(pK
1
+ pK
2
) =
2
1
(6,35 + 10,33) = 8,34

0,75
(d) Trch mu th, thm BaCl
2
d vo mu th thy xut hin kt ta trng (tan trong
axit), nh vy mu th c CO
3
2-
.
Ba
2+
+ CO
3
2-
BaCO
3

Lc tch kt ta, thm HCl vo dung dch nc lc thy si bt kh khng mu (lm
c nc vi trong), vy dung dch c HCO
3
-

HCO
3
-
+ H
+
H
2
O + CO
2
.

0,50

Cu VIII (4 im)
1. (a) Amoniac c tnh oxi ha hay tnh kh? Vit phng trnh phn ng minh ha. (b) Trong dung
mi amoniac lng, cc hp cht KNH
2
, NH
4
Cl, Al(NH
2
)
3
c tnh axit, baz hay lng tnh ? Vit
cc phng trnh phn ng minh ha.
2. Ha tan 4,8 gam kim loi M bng dung dch HNO
3
c nng d, hay ha tan 2,4 gam mui sunfua
kim loi ny cng trong dung dch HNO
3
c nng, th u cng sinh ra kh NO
2
duy nht c th
tch bng nhau trong cng iu kin.
(a) Vit cc phng trnh phn ng di dng phng trnh ion.
(b) Xc nh kim loi M, cng thc phn t mui sunfua.
(c) Hp th kh sinh ra c hai phn ng trn vo 300 mL dung dch NaOH 1M, ri thm vo
mt t phenolphtalein. Hi dung dch thu c c mu g? Ti sao?
P N IM
1. (a) NH
3
va c tnh oxi ha, va c tnh kh :

Tnh oxi ha: K + NH
3 (l)
KNH
2
+ 1/2H
2

Tnh kh: 2NH
3
+ 3CuO 3Cu + N
2
+ 3H
2
O
0,75
(b) KNH
2
l mt baz, NH
4
Cl l axit v Al(NH
2
)
3
c tnh lng tnh.
Phn ng trung ha: KNH
2
+ NH
4
Cl KCl + 2NH
3

Phn ng ca cht lng tnh vi axit: Al(NH
2
)
3
+ 3NH
4
Cl AlCl
3
+ 6NH
3

Phn ng ca cht lng tnh vi baz: Al(NH
2
)
3
+ KNH
2
K[Al(NH
2
)
4
]

075
2. (a) Phng trnh phn ng:
M + 2mH
+
+ mNO
3
-
M
m+
+ mNO
2
+ mH
2
O
(1)
M
2
S
n
+ 4(m+n)H
+
+ (2m+6n)NO
3
-
2M
m+
+ nSO
4
2-
+ (2m+6n)NO
2
+ 2(m+n)H
2
O
(2)

1,00
(b) V s mol NO
2
hai trng hp l bng nhau nn ta c:
) n 6 m 2 (
n 32 M 2
4 , 2
m
M
8 , 4
+
+
=

=

=
3 , 2 , 1 m , n
m 2 n 6
mn 64
M
, nghim thch hp l n = 1, m = 2 v M = 64.
Vy M l Cu v cng thc mui l Cu
2
S.

0,75
(c) mol 075 , 0
64
8 , 4
n
Cu
= =
Cu + 4HNO
3
Cu(NO
3
)
2
+ 2NO
2
+ 2H
2
O

NaOH NO
n mol 3 , 0 075 , 0 2 2 n
2
= = =
xy ra va phn ng:
2NO
2
+ 2NaOH NaNO
3
+ NaNO
2
+ H
2
O
Dung dch thu c c mu hng do NO
2
-
to mi trng baz:
NO
2
-
+ H
2
O HNO
2
+ OH
-

0,75

Cu IX (4 im)
1. (a) Tnh t l cc sn phm monoclo ha (ti nhit phng) v monobrom ha (ti 127
o
C)
isobutan. Bit t l kh nng phn ng tng i ca nguyn t H trn cacbon bc nht, bc hai v
bc ba trong phn ng clo ha l 1,0 : 3,8 : 5,0 v trong phn ng brom ha l 1 : 82 : 1600.
(b) Da vo kt qu tnh c cu (a), cho nhn xt v cc yu t nh hng n hm lng cc
sn phm ca phn ng halogen ha ankan.
2. Dng c ch phn ng gii thch ti sao khi x l 2,7-imetylocta-2,6-dien vi axit photphoric th
thu c 1,1-imetyl-2-isopropenylxiclopentan.
3. Hiro ha mt hirocacbon A (C
8
H
12
) hot ng quang hc thu c hirocacbon B (C
8
H
18
)
khng hot ng quang hc. A khng tc dng vi Ag(NH
3
)
2
+
v khi tc dng vi H
2
trong s c
mt ca Pd/PbCO
3
to hp cht khng hot ng quang hc C (C
8
H
14
).
1. Lp lun xc nh cu to (c lu cu hnh) v gi tn A, B, C.
2. Oxi ha mnh lit A bng dung dch KMnO
4
trong H
2
SO
4
.Vit phng trnh ho hc.

P N IM
1. (a) T l sn phm:

0,50



CH
3
CH CH
3
+ Cl
2
- HCl
CH
3
CH CH
2
Cl
CH
3
C CH
3
Cl
1-clo-2-metylpropan
2-clo-2-metylpropan
CH
3
CH
3
CH
3
(9x1,0)
(9x1,0) + (1x5,0)
= 64,3%
(1x5,0)
(9x1,0) + (1x5,0)
= 35,7%

CH
3
CH CH
3
+ Br
2
- HCl
CH
3
CH CH
2
Br
CH
3
C CH
3
Br
1-brom-2-metylpropan
2-brom-2-metylpropan
CH
3
CH
3
CH
3
(9x1,0)
(9x1,0) + (1x1600)
= 0,56%
(1x1600)
(9x1,0) + (1x1600)
= 99,44%

0,50
(b) Hm lng sn phm halogen ha ph thuc ba yu t:
Kh nng tham gia phn ng th ca ankan: Phn ng halogen ha u tin th
hidro trn nguyn t cacbon bc cao hn.
Kh nng phn ng ca halogen: Brom tham gia phn ng yu hn so vi clo,
nhng c kh nng chn lc v tr th cao hn so vi clo.
S nguyn t hidro trn cacbon cng bc: Khi s hidro trn cc nguyn t cacbon
cng nhiu th hm lng sn phm cng ln.

0,75

2. C ch:

H
+
-H
+

0,75
3. (a) A c bt bo ha 3
2
12 8 . 2 2
=
+
= A , B c 0
2
18 8 . 2 2
=
+
= A v C c
2
2
14 8 . 2 2
=
+
= A .
V A cng 3 phn t hidro to ra B nn A c cc lin kt bi hoc vng ba
cnh.
A cng 1 phn t H
2
to ra C v A khng tc dng vi Ag(NH
3
)
2
+
nn A c mt
lin kt ba dng -CC-R.
A cng phi cha mt lin kt i dng cis- (Z) v tr i xng vi lin kt ba, v
khi A cng 1 phn t H
2
(xc tc Pd lm cho phn ng chy theo kiu cis-) to C
khng hot ng quang hc.

0,50
Cu to ca A, B, C l:

CH
3
C C
H H
H
C
CH
3
C
*
C CH
3
2Z-4-metylhept-2-en-5-in (A)



CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
CH(CH
3
)CH
2
CH
2
CH
3
4-metylheptan (B)

CH
3
C C
H H
H
C
CH
3
C C CH
3
2Z,5Z-4-metylhepta-2,5-dien (C)
H H

0,75
(b) Phng trnh phn ng:
5CH
3
CH=CHCH(CH
3
)CC-CH
3
+ 14KMnO
4
+ 21H
2
SO
4

10CH
3
COOH + 5CH
3
CH(COOH)
2
+ 14MnSO
4
+ 7K
2
SO
4
+ 16H
2
O

0,25
Cu X (4 im)
1. Limonen (C
10
H
16
) l tecpen c trong v qu cam, chanh v bi. Oxi ha limonen bng
kalipemanganat to cht A.
CH
3
C
O
CH
2
CH
2
CH
CH
2
COOH
C O
H
3
C
(A)

(a) Dng d kin trn v qui tc isopren xc nh cu trc ca limonen.
(b) Vit cng thc cc sn phm chnh hnh thnh khi hidrat ha limonen.
2. iu ch nitrobenzen trong phng th nghim v tnh hiu sut phn ng, ngi ta tin hnh cc
bc sau:
Cho 19,5 ml axit nitric vo mt bnh cu y trn c 200 mL lm lnh bnh v lc, sau thm t
t 15 mL H
2
SO
4
m c, ng thi lc v lm lnh n nhit phng. Lp ng sinh hn hi lu
(nc hay khng kh), cho tip 13,5 mL benzen qua ng sinh hn vi tc chm v gi nhit
khng qu 50
0
C, ng thi lc lin tc (a).
Sau khi cho ht benzen, tip tc un nng bnh phn ng trn bp cch thu trong 30-45 pht v
tip tc lc. Sau lm lnh hn hp phn ng v qua phu chit. Tch ly lp nitrobenzen
trn. Ra nitrobenzen bng nc ri bng dung dch Na
2
CO
3
(b). Tch ly nitrobenzen cho vo
bnh lm kh c cha cht lm kh A th rn (c). Chng ct ly nitrobenzen bng bnh Vuy-c
trn bp cch thu thu ly nitrobenzen sch. Cn lng nitrobenzen thy c 15 gam (d).
(a) Vit phng trnh ho hc chnh v cc phng trnh th hin c ch ca phn ng. Cho bit
v sao cn phi lc bnh lin tc v gi nhit phn ng 50
0
C? Nu khng dng H
2
SO
4

m c, phn ng c xy ra khng?
(b) V sao cn phi ra nitrobenzen bng nc, sau bng dung dch Na
2
CO
3
?
(c) A c th l cht no?
(d) Tnh hiu sut phn ng nu khi lng ring ca benzen 0,8g/mL.
P N
1. (a) Cu to:

O + O=C=O
O
O
OH
limonen

(b) Cc sn phm chnh khi hidrat ha:

OH
OH OH
OH


4. (a) Phn ng:
C
6
H
6
+ HONO
2

4 2
SO H
C
6
H
5
NO
2
+ H
2
O (1)
C ch phn ng:

HO - NO
2
+ H
2
SO
4
H - O - NO
2
+ HSO
4
H
(+)
(-)

H - O - NO
2
+ H
2
SO
4
H
(+)
H
3
O
(+)
+ HSO
4
(-)

+ NO
2
(+)

+ NO
2
(+)
H NO
2
+
NO
2
+ H
(+)
chm nhanh

Hn hp phn ng h d th nn cn phi lc u hay khuy mnh lin tc to thnh
nh tng, bo m s tip xc tt gia cc tc nhn.
Phi gi 50
0
C v nu nhit cao hn s tng lng sn phm initrobenzen.
Nu khng dng H
2
SO
4
, phn ng vn xy ra do vn c s hnh thnh NO
2
+
theo phng
trnh sau:
HO-NO
2
+ HNO
3
H
2
O
+
-NO
2
+ NO
3
-

H
2
O
+
-NO
2
+ HNO
3
H
3
O
+

+ NO
3
-
+ NO
2
+
(1)
Tuy nhin khi khng c H
2
SO
4
phn ng xy ra chm v hiu sut to NO
2
+
sinh ra trong (1)
rt thp. Khi c mt H
2
SO
4
m c, cn bng chuyn di v pha thun nn phn ng xy
ra nhanh hn.
(c) Cn phi ra bng nc loi axit, sau ra bng dung dch Na
2
CO
3
loi ht axit d
v d kim tra kt qu do phn ng gia axit v Na
2
CO
3
sinh kh.
(b) A l cht ht nc dng rn, nn A c th l CaCl
2
, ... khan
(d) Hiu sut phn ng:
gam 512 , 9
123
78 15
m
) 1 ( H C
6 6
=
= % 88
mL / g 8 , 0 mL 5 , 13
g 512 , 9
H =
=

Cu XI
A l hidrocacbon khng lm mt mu dung dch brom. t chy hon ton 0,02 mol A v hp thu sn
phm chy vo dung dch cha 0,15 mol Ca(OH)
2
thu c kt ta v khi lng bnh tng ln 11,32
gam. Cho dung dch Ba(OH)
2
d vo dung dch thu c kt ta li tng ln, tng khi lng kt tu
hai ln l 24,85 gam. A khng vi dung dch KMnO
4
/H
2
SO
4
nng, cn khi monoclo ha trong iu
kin chiu sng th ch to mt sn phm duy nht.
1. Xc nh cng thc cu to v gi tn A.
2. Ngi ta c th iu ch A t phn ng gia benzen v anken tng ng trong axit sunfuric.
Dng c ch phn ng gii thch phn ng ny.
3. Mononitro ha A bng cch cho phn ng vi axit nitric (c mt axit sunfuric c) th sn phm
chnh thu c l g? Ti sao?

P N
1. Dung dch Ca(OH)
2
hp th ht sn phm chy ca A cha CO
2
v H
2
O
CO
2
+ Ca(OH)
2
CaCO
3
+ H
2
O (1)
2CO
2
+ Ca(OH)
2
Ca(HCO
3
)
2
(2)
Ca(HCO
3
)
2
+ Ba(OH)
2
CaCO
3
+ BaCO
3
+ 2H
2
O (3)
t s mol CO
2
tham gia cc phn ng (1) v (2) ln lt l x v y, ta c:
mol 1 , 0 y x
85 , 24
2
y
197
2
y
x 100
15 , 0
2
y
x
= =
= + |
.
|
\
|
+
= +
, mol 2 , 0 y x n
2
CO
= + =

T mol 14 , 0
18
44 . 2 , 0 32 , 11
n g 32 , 11 m m m
O H CO O H
2 2 2
=
= = + = A
t cng thc tng qut ca A l C
x
H
y
:
C
x
H
y
+ (x+y/4)O
2
xCO
2
+ y/2H
2
O
Ta c 14 y , 10 x
14 , 0 . 2
y
2 , 0
x
02 , 0
1
= = = =
Cng thc phn t ca A l C
10
H
14
( ) 4 = A
V A khng lm mt mu dung dch brom (cu trc thm), khng tc dng vi dung dch
KMnO
4
/H
2
SO
4
(ch c mt nhm th) v monoclo ha (nh sng) ch to mt sn phm duy
nht (nhm th c cu trc i xng cao) nn cu to ca A l:
C
CH
3
CH
3
CH
3
(t-butylbenzen)

2. C ch:
(CH
3
)
2
C=CH
2
+ H
2
SO
4
(CH
3
)
2
C
+
-CH
3
+ HSO
4
-

+
C(CH
3
)
3
H
+ H
(+)
chm nhanh
+ (CH
3
)
3
C
+
C(CH
3
)
3

3. Nhm ankyl ni chung nh hng th vo cc v tr ortho- v para-. Tuy nhin, do nhm t-
butyl c kch thc ln gy n ng khng gian nn sn phm chnh l sn phm para-:
C
CH
3
CH
3
CH
3
O
2
N

12 (HSG 11 NNG 2006-07)
Cu XII (4 im)
1. Tnh pH ca dung dch thu c khi trn ln 50,0 mL dung dch NH
4
Cl 0,200 M vi 75,0 mL
dung dch NaOH 0,100 M. Bit K
b
(NH
3
) = 1,8.10
-5
.
2. Phn l mui sunfat kp ca mt cation ha tr mt (nh K
+
hay NH
4
+
) v mt cation ha tr ba
(nh Al
3+
, Fe
3+
hay Cr
3+
). Phn st amoni c cng thc (NH
4
)
a
Fe(SO
4
)
b
.nH
2
O. Ha tan 1,00 gam
mu phn st vo 100 cm
3
H
2
O, ri chia dung dch thu c thnh hai phn bng nhau. Thm
dung dch NaOH d vo phn mt v un si dung dch. Lng NH
3
thot ra phn ng va vi
10,37 cm
3
dung dch HCl 0,100 M. Dng km kim loi kh ht Fe
3+
phn hai thnh Fe
2+
. oxi
ha ion Fe
2+
thnh ion Fe
3+
tr li, cn 20,74 cm
3
dung dch KMnO
4
0,0100 M trong mi trng
axit.
(a) Vit cc phng trnh phn ng dng ion thu gn v xc nh cc gi tr a, b, n.
(b) Ti sao cc phn khi tan trong nc u to mi trng axit ?
P N
1. M 08 , 0
L 125 , 0
L . mol 200 , 0 L 050 , 0
C
1
o
Cl NH
4
=
=

; M 06 , 0
L 125 , 0
L . mol 100 , 0 L 075 , 0
C
1
o
NaOH
=
=

NH
4
Cl + NaOH NaCl + NH
3
+ H
2
O
0,08 0,06
0,06 0,06 0,06
0,02 0 0,06
Xt cn bng :
NH
3
+ H
2
O NH
4
+
+ OH
-

0,06 0,02
x x x

0,06x 0,02+x x
5
3
4
b
10 . 8 , 1
x 06 , 0
x ) x 02 , 0 (
] NH [
] OH ][ NH [
K

+
=
+
= = , gn ng M 10 . 4 , 5
02 , 0
06 , 0
10 . 8 , 1 x
5 5
= =
73 , 9 )] 10 . 4 , 5 lg( [ 14 pH
5
= =

2. (a) t s mol ca phn st (NH
4
)
a
Fe(SO
4
)
b
.nH
2
O trong mi phn l x mol.
Phng trnh phn ng phn mt :
NH
4
+
+ OH
-
NH
3
+ H
2
O
ax
0 ax
Fe
3+
+ 3OH
-
Fe(OH)
3

NH
3
+ H
+
NH
4
+

ax ax
Phng trnh phn ng phn hai :
Zn + 2Fe
3+
Zn
2+
+ 2Fe
2+

x
0 x
5Fe
2+
+ MnO
4
-
+ 8H
+
5Fe
3+
+ Mn
2+
+ 4H
2
O
x x/5
Ta c : mol 10 . 037 , 1 L . mol 100 , 0 L 01037 , 0 ax
3 1
= =
mol 10 . 037 , 1 L . mol 010 , 0 L 02074 , 0 5 x
3 1
= =
a = 1
Cng thc ca phn c vit li l NH
4
+
Fe
3+
(SO
4
2-
)
b
.nH
2
O
b = 2
T M = 18 + 56 + 96.2 + 18n =
mol 10 . 037 , 1
gam 5 , 0
3
n = 12
Cng thc ca phn st amoni l NH
4
Fe(SO
4
)
2
.12H
2
O

(b) Phn tan trong nc to mi trng axit v cc ion NH
4
+
, Al
3+
, Fe
3+
v Cr
3+
u nhng ion
axit (cc ion K
+
c tnh trung tnh, cn SO
4
2-
c tnh baz rt yu).
NH
4
+
+ H
2
O NH
3
+ H
3
O
+

M
3+
+ H
2
O M(OH)
2+
+ H
+

Cu XIII (4 im)
1. Vit phng trnh phn ng xy ra khi ln lt cho cc n cht As v Bi tc dng vi dung dch
HNO
3
(gi thit sn phm kh ch l kh NO).
2. So snh (c gii thch) tnh tan trong nc, tnh baz v tnh kh ca hai hp cht vi hidro l
amoniac (NH
3
) v photphin (PH
3
).
3. Mt giai on quan trng trong qu trnh tng hp axit nitric l oxi ha NH
3
trong khng kh, c
mt Pt xc tc.
(a) Xc nh nhit phn ng ca phn ng ny, bit nhit hnh thnh cc cht NH
3
(k), NO (k) v
H
2
O (k) ln lt bng 46 kJ/mol; + 90 kJ/mol v - 242 kJ/mol.
(b) Trong cng nghip, ngi ta s dng nhit v p sut th no qu trnh ny l ti u
? Ti sao ?
P N
1. Phng trnh phn ng :
3As + 5HNO
3
+ 2H
2
O 3H
3
AsO
4
+ 5NO
Bi + 4HNO
3
Bi(NO
3
)
3
+ NO + 2H
2
O

2. Tnh tan :
NH
3
tan tt hn PH
3
trong nc, do phn t phn cc hn v c kh nng to lin kt hidro vi
nc.

H N
H
H
H O
H
H N
H
H
... ... ... ...

Tnh baz :
NH
3
c tnh baz mnh hn PH
3
, do lin kt N-H phn cc mnh hn lin kt P-H, lm cho
nguyn t N trong phn t NH
3
giu electron hn, d dng nhn proton hn (mt nguyn nhn
na gii thch cho iu ny l ion NH
4
+
bn hn PH
4
+
).

Tnh kh :
PH
3
c tnh kh mnh hn nhiu so vi NH
3
, do nguyn t P l mt phi kim c m in nh
v phn t PH
3
km bn hn NH
3
.

3. (a) 4NH
3
(k) + 5O
2
(k) 4NO (k) + 6H
2
O (k)
= A A + A = A
3 2
NH O H NO
H 4 H 6 H 4 H
kJ 908 ) kJ 46 ( 4 [ )] kJ 242 ( 6 [ ) kJ 90 4 ( H = + = A
(b) V phn ng l ta nhit, nn tng hiu sut cn gim nhit . Tuy nhin nu h nhit
qu thp s lm gim tc phn ng, nn thc t phn ng ny c tin hnh 850-
900
o
C v c xc tc Pt. V phn ng thun l chiu lm tng s phn t kh, nn tng hiu
sut phn ng cn gim p sut. Tuy nhin, iu kin p sut gy tng gi thnh cng ngh sn
xut, nn ta ch dng p sut thng (1 atm).

Cu XIV (4 im)
1. Dng hnh v, m t th nghim c tin hnh trong phng th nghim xc nh s c mt ca
cc nguyn t C v H c trong glucoz.
2. Hon thnh cc phn ng di y. Xc nh sn phm chnh ca mi phn ng v dng c ch
gii thch s hnh thnh sn phm chnh .
(a) CH
3
-CH=CH
2
(propilen) + HCl
(b) CH
3
-CH
2
-CH(OH)-CH
3
(ancol s-butylic)
C 180 , SO H
o
4 2

(c) C
6
H
5
CH
3
+ HNO
3

o
4 2
t , SO H

3. Dng s xen ph obitan nguyn t m t cc phn t CH
3
-CH=C=CH-CH
3
(phn t A) v
CH
3
-CH=C=C=CH-CH
3
(phn t B). Cho bit A, B c ng phn hnh hc hay khng ? Ti sao ?
P N
1. Th nghim xc nh s c mt ca cc nguyn t C v H c trong glucoz :

2. Phn ng v c ch phn ng:
(a) Phn ng :
CH
3
CH CH
2
+ HCl
CH CH
3
CH
3
Cl
CH
2
CH
3
CH
2
Cl
(sn phm chnh)

C ch (cng A
E
) :

CH
3
CH CH
2
H
+ o
CH
3
CH CH
3
CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
Cl
-
CH CH
3
CH
3
Cl
(X)
(Y)

Sn phm chnh hnh thnh theo hng to cacbocation trung gian bn vng hn. D thy
rng cacbocation (X) bn hn (Y) (do in tch c gii ta nhiu hn, vi 6H
), nn sn
phm chnh l isopropyl clorua.

(b) Phn ng :
CH
3
CH
2
H
2
SO
4
(sn phm chnh)
CH CH
3
OH
CH
3
CH CH CH
3
+ H
2
O
CH
2
CH CH
2
CH
3
+ H
2
O

C ch (tch E1) :
CH
3
CH
2
CH CH
3
OH
CH
3
CH CH CH
3
CH
2
CH CH
2
CH
3
H
+
CH
3
CH
2
CH CH
3
+
OH
2
-H
2
O
(X)
(Y)

Sn phm chnh c hnh thnh theo hng to sn phm bn hn. y, (X) bn hn
(Y) do c s nguyn t H
tham gia lin hp, lm bn ha lin kt nhiu hn.

(c) Phn ng :
+ HONO
2
H
2
SO
4
+ H
2
O
CH
3
CH
3
NO
2
+ H
2
O
CH
3
NO
2

C ch (th S
E
2Ar) : HONO
2
+ H
2
SO
4
HSO
4
-
+ H
2
O +
+
NO
2

+
NO
2
+
NO
2
-H
+
CH
3
CH
3
CH
3
CH
3
-H
+
CH
3
CH
3
H
NO
2
H
NO
2
NO
2
NO
2

Phn ng dnh hng th vo v tr meta-, do mt electron v tr ny trong phn t
toluen giu hn cc v tr ortho-, para-. ng thi phn ng th vo v tr ny to s gii
ta in tch tt nht phc .
3. M hnh phn t :
H
CH
3
H
CH
3

Trong trung hp ny, cc nhm th khng ng phng, nn phn t khng xut hin hin
tng ng phn hnh hc.
H
CH
3
H
CH
3


Trong trng hp ny, cc nhm th ng phng, nn phn t xut hin hin tng ng phn
hnh hc.

Cu XV (4 im)
1. Thi 672 mL (ktc) hn hp kh A gm mt ankan, mt anken v mt ankin (u c s nguyn t
cacbon trong phn t bng nhau) qua dung dch AgNO
3
/NH
3
, th thy c 3,4 AgNO
3
tham gia
phn ng. Cng lng hn hp kh A trn lm mt mu va ht 200 mL dung dch Br
2
0,15 M.
(a) Xc nh thnh phn nh tnh v nh lng cc cht trong A
(b) ngh phng php tch ring tng cht ra khi hn hp A.
2. Oxi ha m gam hp cht hu c A bng CuO ri cho sn phm sinh ra gm CO
2
v hi H
2
O ln
lt i qua bnh 1 ng Mg(ClO
4
)
2
v bnh 2 ng 2 lt Ca(OH)
2
0,0 2 M th thu c 2 gam kt
ta. Khi lng bnh 1 tng 1,08 gam v khi lng CuO gim 3,2 gam, M
A
< 100. Oxi ha mnh
lit A, thu c hai hp cht hu c l CH
3
COOH v CH
3
COCOOH.
(a) Xc nh cng thc cu to v gi tn A.
(b) Vit cc dng ng phn hnh hc tng ng ca A.
(c) Khi cho A tc dng vi Br
2
theo t l mol 1:1, th to c nhng sn phm no ? Gii thch.
P N
1. (a) Nu ankin c dng RCCH :
RCCH + AgNO
3
+ NH
3
RCCAg + NH
4
NO
3

mol 02 , 0
mol / gam 170
gam 4 , 3
) ankin ( n = = v mol 04 , 0 ) ankin ( n 2 n
2
Br
= >
iu ny tri gi thit, v s mol Br
2
ch bng mol 03 , 0 L / mol 15 , 0 L 2 , 0 =
Vy ankin phi l C
2
H
2
v nh vy ankan l C
2
H
6
, anken l C
2
H
4
.
T phn ng :
C
2
H
2
+ 2AgNO
3
+ 2NH
3
C
2
Ag
2
+ 2NH
4
NO
3

n(C
2
H
2
) = 1/2n(AgNO
3
) = 0,01 mol
T cc phn ng :
C
2
H
2
+ 2Br
2
C
2
H
2
Br
4

C
2
H
4
+ Br
2
C
2
H
4
Br
2
n(C
2
H
4
)

= 0,01 mol
n(C
2
H
6
) = = mol 01 , 0 mol 01 , 0
mol / L 4 , 22
L 672 , 0
0,01 mol
(b) Thi hn hp qua binh cha dung dch AgNO
3
/NH
3
d. Lc tch kt ta, ha tan kt ta
trong dung dch HCl d thu c kh C
2
H
2
.
C
2
H
2
+ 2AgNO
3
+ 2NH
3
C
2
Ag
2
+ 2NH
4
NO
3

C
2
Ag
2
+ 2HCl C
2
H
2
+ 2AgCl
Kh ra khi bnh cha dung dch AgNO
3
/NH
3
, thi tip qua dung dch nc brom d. Chit ly
sn phm v un nng vi bt Zn (trong CH
3
COOH) thu c C
2
H
4
:
C
2
H
4
+ Br
2
C
2
H
4
Br
2
C
2
H
4
Br
2
+ Zn C
2
H
4
+ ZnBr
2

Kh ra khi bnh cha dung dch brom l kh C
2
H
6

2. (a) n(H
2
O) = 0,06 mol n(H) = 0,12 mol
T cc phn ng :
CO
2
+ Ca(OH)
2
CaCO
3
+ H
2
O
2CO
2
+ Ca(OH)
2
Ca(HCO
3
)
2
vi mol 045 , 0 n
2
) OH ( Ca
= v mol 02 , 0 n
3
CaCO
= n(CO
2
) bng 0,02 mol hoc 0,07 mol.
n(O) tham gia phn ng bng mol 2 , 0
mol / gam 16
gam 2 , 3
=
Vy s mol O trong A bng :
n(O) = 0,02mol 2 + 0,06 mol 0,2 mol < 0 (loi)
n(O) = 0,07mol 2 + 0,06 mol 0,2 mol = 0 mol
A l hidrocacbon c cng thc n gin C
7
H
12


V M
A
< 100, nn cng thc phn t ca A chnh l C
7
H
12
( 2 = A )
Cu to ca A ph hp vi gi thit l:
CH CH
3
C
CH
3
CH CH CH
3
(3-metylhexa-2,4-dien)

(b) Cc dng ng phn hnh hc :

CH
3
C C
CH
3
C C
CH
3
H H
H
H
3
C
C C
CH
3
C C
H
CH
3
H
H
H
C C
CH
3
C C
CH
3
H H
CH
3
H
C C
CH
3
C C
H
CH
3
H
CH
3
cis-cis cis-trans trans-cis trans-trans

(c) Tc dng vi brom theo t l mol 1:1 th to c cc sn phm :

CH CH
3
C
CH
3
CH CH CH
3
+ Br
2
- Br
-
CH CH
3
C
CH
3
H
C CHBr CH
3
H
C CH
3
C
CH
3
CH CHBr
H
C CH
3
C
CH
3
CH CH CH
3
CH
3
Br
+ Br
-
CH
3
CH=C(CH
3
)-CHBr-CHBr-CH
3
CH
3
-CHBr-C(CH
3
)=CH-CHBr-CH
3
CH
3
-CHBr-CBr(CH
3
)-CH=CH-CH
3

Cu XVI ( 4 im)
1. Trnh by phng php phn bit mi cp cht di y (mi trng hp ch dng mt thuc th
n gin, c vit phn ng minh ha) :
(a) m-bromtoluen v benzylbromua
(b) phenylaxetilen v styren
2. T benzen v cc cht v c, xc tc cn thit khc c , vit cc phng trnh phn ng ha hc
iu ch :
(a) meta-clonitrobenzen
(b) ortho-clonitrobenzen
(c) axit meta-brombenzoic
(d) axit ortho-brombenzoic
3. Hidrocacbon X c phn t khi bng 128, khng lm nht mu dung dch Br
2
. X tc dng vi H
2

(xc tc Ni, t) to cc sn phm Y v Z. Oxi ha mnh lit Y to sn phm l axit o-phtalic, o-
C
6
H
4
(COOH)
2
.
(a) Xc nh cu to v gi tn X, Y, Z.
(b) Vit phn ng to ra sn phm chnh, khi cho X ln lt tc dng vi dung dch HNO
3
c
(H
2
SO
4
c xc tc) v Br
2
(xc tc bt st). Bit mi phn ng, t l mol cc cht tham gia phn
ng l 1:1.
P N
1. Phn bit cc cht :
(a) Dng AgNO
3
, benzyl bromua cho kt ta vng :
C
6
H
5
CH
2
Br + AgNO
3
+ H
2
O C
6
H
5
CH
2
OH + AgBr + HNO
3

(b) Dng dung dch AgNO
3
/NH
3
, phenylaxetilen cho kt ta vng xm :
C
6
H
5
CCH + AgNO
3
+ NH
3
C
6
H
5
CCAg + NH
4
NO
3

2. iu ch :


NO
2
+ HONO
2
H
2
SO
4
+ Cl
2
Fe
NO
2
Cl
(a)

Cl
+ HONO
2
H
2
SO
4
+ Cl
2
Fe
Cl
(b)
+H
2
SO
4
SO
3
H
Cl
SO
3
H
t
Cl
NO
2
NO
2

CH
3
+ CH
3
Cl
AlCl
3
+ Br
2
Fe
COOH
(c)
+ KMnO
4
COOH
Br

CH
3
+ Br
2
Fe
+CH
3
Cl
AlCl
3
CH
3
(d)
+H
2
SO
4
SO
3
H
CH
3
SO
3
H
t
CH
3
Br
Br
+ KMnO
4
COOH
Br

3. (a) X (C
x
H
y
), c 12x + y = 128 (y s 2x + 2) c hai nghim thch hp l C
10
H
8
v C
9
H
20
.
Tuy nhin, v X tc dng c vi hidro, nn cng thc ng l C
10
H
8
( 7 = A ).
V X khng lm nht mu nc brom nn cu to thch hp ca X l naphtalen v ph hp
vi gi thit th Y l tetralin v Z l decalin :
(naphtalen)
(tetralin) (decalin)

(b) Phn ng :
+ HONO
2
H
2
SO
4
+ H
2
O
NO
2

+ Br
2
Fe
+ HBr
Fe

13(HSG 11 NNG 2007-08)
Cu XVII (4 im)
1. Xt hp cht vi hidro ca cc nguyn t nhm VA. Gc lin kt HXH (X l k hiu nguyn t
nhm VA) v nhit si c cho trong bng di y.

c im NH
3
PH
3
AsH
3
SbH
3
Gc HXH 107
o
93
o
92
o
91
o
Nhit si (
o
C) -33,0 -87,7 -62,0 -18,0
So snh v gii thch s khc bit gi tr gc lin kt v nhit si ca cc cht ny.
2. Khi cho NH
3
vo dung dch AgNO
3
th thy c vn c mu trng tan li ngay trong NH
3
d,
nhng khi thm AsH
3
vo dung dch AgNO
3
th li thy xut hin kt ta Ag v dung dch thu
c c cha axit asen. Vit phng trnh phn ng v gii thch ti sao c s khc bit ny.
3. Xt phn ng tng hp amoniac : N
2
(k) + 3H
2
(k) 2NH
3
(k)
450
o
C hng s cn bng ca phn ng ny l K
P
= 1,5.10
-5
. Tnh hiu sut phn ng tng hp
NH
3
nu ban u trn N
2
v H
2
theo t l 1:3 v th tch v p sut h bng 500 atm.
P N
1. T N n Sb bn knh nguyn t tng dn, c trng lai ha sp
3
ca nguyn t X trong phn t
XH
3
gim dn, nn gc lin kt tr v gn vi gc gia hai obitan p thun khit. (Cng c th
gii thch l t Sb n N m in ca nguyn t trung tm tng dn, bn knh nguyn t
gim dn, lm khong cch gia cc cp electron lin kt gim, lc y gia chng tng, nn
gc lin kt tng).
NH
3
to c lin kt H lin phn t, cn PH
3
th khng, do vy t NH
3
n PH
3
nhit si
gim. T PH
3
n SbH
3
nhit si tng do phn t khi tng.
N
H
H
H N
H
H
H
... ... ...

2. Phng trnh phn ng :
AgNO
3
+ NH
3
+ H
2
O AgOH + NH
4
NO
3

AgOH + 2NH
3
Ag(NH
3
)
2
OH
3
0
3
3
3 2 3
1
3
3
HNO 6 Ag 6 O As H O H 3 NO Ag 6 H As + + + +
+ +

NH
3
c tnh baz mnh hn AsH
3
, nhng ngc li AsH
3
c tnh kh mnh hn NH
3
.
3. Gi x v h ln lt l s mol ban u ca N
2
v hiu sut phn ng.
N
2
(k) + 3H
2
(k) 2NH
3
(k)
n
o
x 3x 0
n hx 3hx 2hx
x(1-h) 3x(1-h) 2hx En = x(4-2h)
3
2
3
H N
2
NH
P
P
) h 2 4 ( x
) h 1 ( x 3
P
) h 2 4 ( x
) h 1 ( x
P
) h 2 4 ( x
xh 2
P . P
P
K
2 2
3
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
= = K P
) h 1 ( 2 , 5
) h 2 4 ( h 2
2
=

0 1 , 10 h 2 , 28 h 1 , 14
2
= + vi 1 h s
467 , 0 h = , vy hiu sut phn ng bng 46,7%
Cu XVIII (4 im)
1. Trn ln 7 mL dung dch NH
3
1M v 3 mL dung dch HCl 1M thu c dung dch A. Thm 0,001
mol NaOH vo dung dch A thu c dung dch B.
(a) Xc nh pH ca cc dung dch A v B, bit
5
NH
10 . 8 , 1 K
3

= .
(b) So vi dung dch A, gi tr pH ca dung dch B c s thay i ln hay nh ? Nguyn nhn
ca s bin i ln hay nh l g ?
2. Tnh th tch dung dch Ba(OH)
2
0,01M cn thm vo 100 mL dung dch Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
0,1M thu
c 4,275 gam kt ta.
P N
1. (a) Xt phn ng ca dung dch NH
3
v dung dch HCl :
NH
3
+ H
+
NH
4
+


C
o
0,7M 0,3M
C 0,3M 0,3M
[C] 0,4M 0 0,3M
Vy dung dch A gm cc cu t chnh l NH
3
0,4M, NH
4
+
0,3M v Cl
-
.
NH
3
+ H
2
O NH
4
+
+ OH
-
K
b
C
o
0,4M 0,3M
C xM xM xM
[C] (0,4-x)M (0,3+x)M xM
5 5
10 . 4 , 2 x 10 . 8 , 1
) x 4 , 0 (
x ). x 3 , 0 (
K

~ =
+
=
4 , 9 )] 10 . 4 , 2 lg( [ 14 pH
5
A
= =

Khi thm 0,001 mol NaOH vo dung dch A c phn ng :
NH
4
+
+ OH
-
NH
3
+ H
2
O
C
o
0,3M 0,1M 0,4M
C 0,1M 0,1M 0,1M
[C] 0,2M 0 0,5M
Vy dung dch B gm cc cu t chnh l NH
3
0,5M, NH
4
+
0,2M v Cl
-
.
NH
3
+ H
2
O NH
4
+
+ OH
-
K
b
C
o
0,5M 0,2M
C xM xM xM
[C] (0,5-x)M (0,2+x)M xM
5 5
10 . 5 , 4 x 10 . 8 , 1
) x 5 , 0 (
x ). x 2 , 0 (
K

~ =
+
=
7 , 9 )] 10 . 5 , 4 lg( [ 14 pH
5
B
= =

(b) S khc bit gi tr pH ca dung dch B so vi dung dch A l khng ln, do trong dch A
tn ti mt cn bng axit baz, cn bng ny c kh nng lm gim (chng li) tc ng thay
i nng axit (H
+
) hoc baz (OH
-
).
2. Theo gi thit mol 02 , 0 n
3
Al
=
+
v mol 03 , 0 n
2
4
SO
=
. Gi x l s mol Ba(OH)
2
cn thm vo,
nh vy mol x n
2
Ba
=
+
v mol x 2 n
OH
=
.
Ba
2+
+ SO
4
2-
BaSO
4
(1)
n
o
x (mol) 0,03 (mol)
Al
3+
+ 3OH
-
Al(OH)
3
(2)
n
o
0,02 (mol) 2x (mol)
Al(OH)
3
+ OH
-
Al(OH)
4
-
(3)

Xt trng hp ch xy ra phn ng (1) v (2). Trong trng hp ny Al
3+
tham gia phn ng
va hoc d : ) mol ( 03 , 0 x 02 , 0
3
x 2
s s , v nh vy Ba
2+
phn ng ht phn ng (1).
Ta c : m(kt ta) = ) mol ( 015 , 0 x 275 , 4
3
x 2
. 78 x . 233 = = +
Vy th tch dung dch Ba(OH)
2
s dng l L 5 , 1
L / mol 01 , 0
mol 015 , 0
=
Nu xy ra cc phn ng (1), (2) v (3) th ) mol ( 03 , 0 x >
gam 275 , 4 gam 99 , 6 mol / gam 233 mol 03 , 0 m
4
BaSO
> = = (loi).

Cu XIX (4 im)
1. Chn cht ph hp, vit phng trnh (ghi r iu kin phn ng) thc hin bin i sau :

N
0
N
-3
N
+2
N
+4
N
+5
N
0
N
+2
N
+3
N
+5 (1) (2) (3)
(5) (6)
(8)
(4)
(7)

2. Dung dch A gm 0,4 mol HCl v 0,05 mol Cu(NO
3
)
2
. Cho m gam bt Fe vo dung dch khuy
u cho n khi phn ng kt thc thu c cht rn X gm hai kim loi, c khi lng 0,8m
gam. Tnh m. Gi thit sn phm kh HNO
3
duy nht ch c NO.
P N
1. Cc phng trnh phn ng :
(1) N
2
+ 3H
2

atm 300 , 500
Fe
o
2NH
3

(2) 4NH
3
+ 5O
2

C 900 850 , Pt
o
4NO + 6H
2
O
(3) 2NO + O
2
2NO
2

(4) 4NO
2
+ O
2
+ 2H
2
O 4HNO
3

(5) 5Mg + 12 HNO
3
5Mg(NO
3
)
2
+ N
2
+ 6H
2
O
(6) N
2
+ O
2

C 2000
o
2NO
(7) 2NO
2
+ 2KOH KNO
2
+ KNO
3
+ H
2
O
(8) 5KNO
2
+ 2KMnO
4
+ 3H
2
SO
4
5KNO
3
+ K
2
SO
4
+ 2MnSO
4
+ 3H
2
O
2. Trong dung dch A :
Dung dch A c 0,4 mol H
+
, 0,05 mol Cu
2+
, 0,4 mol Cl
-
, 0,1 mol NO
3
-

Khi cho Fe vo dung dch A xy ra cc phn ng :
(1) Fe

+ 4H
+
+ NO
3
-
Fe
3+
+ NO + 2H
2
O
0,4 0,1
0,1 0,4 0,1 0,1
0 0 0,1
(2) Fe + 2Fe
3+
3Fe
2+

0,05 0,1
(3) Fe + Cu
2+
Fe
2+
+ Cu
0,16 0,05 0,05
S mol Fe tham gia cc phn ng t (1) n (3) l 0,1+ 0,05 + 0,05 = 0,2 (mol)
Hn hp 2 kim loi sau phn ng gm Fe d Cu, (m - 560,2) + 0,05 64 = 0,8 m
m = 40 (gam)
Cu XX (4 im)
1. Di y l cc gi tr nhit nng chy v nhit si ca n-pentan v neopentan. Gii thch
s khc bit nhit nng chy v nhit si gia cc cht ny.
n-Pentan Neopentan
Nhit si (
o
C) 36 9,5
Nhit nng chy (
o
C) -130 -17
2. X, Y, Z ln lt l ankan, ankadien lin hp v ankin, iu kin thng tn ti th kh. t chy
2,45 L hn hp ba cht ny cn 14,7 L kh O
2
, thu c CO
2
v H
2
O c s mol bng nhau. Cc
th tch kh u o 25
o
C v 1 atm.
(a) Xc nh cng thc phn t ca X, Y v Z.
(b) Y cng Br
2
theo t l mol 1:1 to ba sn phm ng phn. Dng c ch phn ng gii thch s
hnh thnh cc sn phm ny.
3. Hon thnh cc phng trnh phn ng :
+HCHO
A
(1)
(2) (3)
(5)
(6)
(4)
(7)
Etyl bromua
+Mg/ete
+CH
3
COCH
3
+CO
2
X
1
Y
1
Z
1
H
2
O
X
1
Y
1
Z
1
H
2
O
H
2
O


P N
1. Nhit si ca neopentan thp hn n-pentan v khi phn t c cng nhiu nhnh, tnh i
xng cu ca phn t cng tng, din tch b mt phn t cng gim, lm cho bn tng tc
lin phn t gim v nhit si tr nn thp hn.
Tri li, tnh i xng cu li lm cho mng tinh th cht rn tr nn c kht hn v bn vng
hn, nn nhit nng chy cao hn.
2. (a) Gi cng thc trung bnh ca X, Y, Z l
n 2 n
H C (do s mol CO
2
v H
2
O bng nhau).
O H n CO n O
2
n 3
H C
2 2 2
n 2 n
+ + , ta c : 4 n
45 , 2
7 , 14
1
2 / n 3
= =
V X, Y, Z iu kin thng u tn ti th kh (trong phn t, s nguyn t C s 4), nn
cng thc phn t ca X l C
4
H
10
v Y, Z l C
4
H
6
.
(b) C ch phn ng :

CH
2
CH CH CH
2
Br-Br
o
+
o
CH
2
CH CH CH
2
Br
CH
2
CH CH CH
2
Br
- Y
-

+ Br
-
CH
2
CH CHBr CH
2
Br
C C
CH
2
Br BrH
2
C
H H
C C
H BrH
2
C
H CH
2
Br

3. Cc phng trnh phn ng :
CH
3
CH
2
Br + Mg
ete
CH
3
CH
2
MgBr
CH
3
CH
2
MgBr C
O
H H
o+
o
CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
OMgBr

CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
OMgBr + H
2
O
CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
OH + Mg(OH)Br

CH
3
CH
2
MgBr + C
O
CH
3
CH
3
o+
o
CH
3
CH
2
C
CH
3
OMgBr
CH
3

CH
3
CH
2
C CH
3
+ H
2
O CH
3
CH
2
C CH
3
+ Mg(OH)Br
CH
3
OMgBr
CH
3
OH
CH
3
CH
2
MgBr C
O
o+
o
CH
3
CH
2
C OMgBr
O
O

CH
3
CH
2
C OMgBr + H
2
O
O
CH
3
CH
2
C OH + Mg(OH)Br
O

Cu XXI ( 4 im)
1. Cht X c cng thc phn t C
7
H
6
O
3
. X c kh nng tc dng vi dung dch NaHCO
3
to cht Y
c cng thc C
7
H
5
O
3
Na. Cho X tc dng vi anhirit axetic to cht Z (C
9
H
8
O
4
) cng tc dng

c vi NaHCO
3
, nhng khi cho X tc dng vi metanol (c H
2
SO
4
c xc tc) th to cht T
(C
8
H
8
O
3
) khng tc dng vi NaHCO
3
m ch tc dng c vi Na
2
CO
3
.
(a) Xc nh cu to cc cht X, Y, Z, T v vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra. Bit cht X c
kh nng to lin kt H ni phn t.
(b) Cho bit ng dng ca cc cht Y, Z v T
2. t chy hon ton 10,08 L hn hp kh gm hai ankanal A v B thu c 16,8 L kh CO
2
. Nu
ly cng lng hn hp ny tc dng hon ton vi lng d dung dch AgNO
3
trong NH
3
th thu
c 108 gam Ag kim loi.
(a) Xc nh A v B, bit cc kh u o 136,5
o
C v 1 atm.
(b) Tin hnh phn ng canizaro gia A v B. Cho bit sn phm to thnh v gii thch.
P N
1. (a) Cu to cc cht :
COOH
OH
COONa
OH
COOH
OOCCH
3
COOCH
3
OH
X Y Z T

Phng trnh phn ng :
HOC
6
H
4
COOH + NaHCO
3
HOC
6
H
4
COONa + H
2
O + CO
2

HOC
6
H
4
COOH + CH
3
OH
4 2
SO H
HOC
6
H
4
COOCH
3
+ H
2
O
HOC
6
H
4
COOH + (CH
3
CO)
2
O
4 2
SO H
CH
3
COOC
6
H
4
COOH + CH
3
COOH
(b) Y vi hm lng rt nh c s dng lm cht bo qun thc phm v pha ch nc xc
ming (c tc dng dit khun); Z c s dng ch to dc phm aspirin v T l thnh
phn chnh ca du gi xanh.
2. (a) Xc nh A v B.
) mol ( 3 , 0
5 , 1 273 ) 273 / 4 , 22 (
1 08 , 10
n
B , A
=

= ;
) mol ( 5 , 0
5 , 1 273 ) 273 / 4 , 22 (
1 8 , 16
n
2
CO
=

= v ) mol ( 1
108
108
n
Ag
= =
= = 67 , 1
3 , 0
5 , 0
C A l HCHO
Gi cng thc ca B l RCHO (hay C
n
H
2n
O) v s mol ca A, B ln lt l a, b.
HCHO
+
3 3
NH / AgNO
4Ag
RCHO
+
3 3
NH / AgNO
2Ag
Ta c :
= = =
= +
= +
= +
3 n ; 1 , 0 b ; 2 , 0 a
1 b 2 a 4
5 , 0 nb a
3 , 0 b a

Vy B l CH
3
CH
2
CHO
(b) Phn ng canizaro :
HCHO + CH
3
CH
2
CHO + OH
-
HCOO
-
+ CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
OH
Hp cht d tham gia phn ng cng A
N
hn (nguyn t cacbon trong nhm cacbonyl dng
in hn) v c nhiu H lin kt vi nhm cacbonyl hn, c xu hng chuyn thnh ion
cacboxilat.

14(HSG 11 NNG 2008-09)
Cu I: (2,0 im)
1. Tnh th tch dung dch hn hp HCl, H
2
SO
4
c pH = 1 cn dng pha vo 200 ml dung dch
hn hp NaOH, KOH c pH = 13 thu c dung dch c pH = 2.

2. Cho X l mui nhm khan, Y l mt mui trung ha khan. Ho tan o gam hn hp ng s mol 2
mui X, Y vo nc c dung dch A. Thm t t dung dch Ba(OH)
2
vo dung dch A cho ti
d c dung dch B, kh C v kt ta D. Axit ha dung dch B bng HNO
3
ri thm AgNO
3
vo
thy xut hin kt ta trng b ha en dn khi ngoi nh sng. Khi thm Ba(OH)
2
vo, lng
kt ta D t gi tr ln nht (kt ta E), sau t gi tr nh nht (kt ta F). Nung cc kt ta E,
F ti khi khi lng khng i thu c 6,248 g v 5,126 g cc cht rn tng ng. F khng tan
trong axit mnh.
a) Hi X, Y l cc mui g?
b) Tnh o v th tch C ( ktc) ng vi gi tr D ln nht.
p n
1. pH = 1 [H
+
] = 0,1 M , pH = 2 pH = 0,01 M
pH = 13 pOH = 14-13 = 1 [OH
-
] = 0,1M
s mol OH
-
trong 200 ml dung dch = 0,2 0,1 = 0,02 (mol)
Phng trnh ha hc : (1) H
+
+ OH
-
H
2
O
T (1) s mol H
+
tham gia (1) = s mol OH
-
= 0,02 (mol)
Gi V (lt) l th tch dung dch 2 axit cn ly .
S mol H
+
trong V lt dung dch = 0,1V (mol)
Dung dch thu c c pH < 7 chng t axit d
S mol H
+
d = 0,1V 0,02 (mol)
[H
+
] trong dung dch thu c =
0 1V 0 02
0 01 M
V 0 2
, ,
, ( )
,
=
+
V = 0,244 (lt)
2. V cho AgNO
3
vo dung dch B axit ha to ra kt ta trng b ha en ngoi nh sng: l
AgCl, vy phi c 1 trong 2 mui l mui clorua, v khi cho Ba(OH)
2
m c kh bay ra chng t l
NH
3
; vy mui Y phi l mui amoni trung ha v khi thm Ba(OH)
2
ti d m vn cn kt ta chng
t mt trong hai mui phi l mui sunfat v s chnh lch nhau v khi lng khi nung E v F l do
Al
2
O
3
to thnh t Al(OH)
3
.
Cc phn ng dng ion:
(1) Ag
+
+ Cl
-
AgCl
(2) NH
4
+
+ OH
-
NH
3
+ H
2
O
(3) Al
3+
+ 3OH
-
Al(OH)
3

(4) Al(OH)
3
+ OH
-
Al(OH)
4
-

(5) 2Al(OH)
3

o
t
Al
2
O
3

+ 3H
2
O
(6) Ba
2+
+ SO
4
2-
BaSO
4

Theo khi lng cc cht rn ta c:
2 3
Al O
6 248 5 126
n 0 011 mol
102
, ,
, ( )
= = ,
2
4
4
B SO
SO
5 126
n n 0 022 mol
233
a
,
, ( )
= = =
Nh vy kt qu khng ph hp vi mui Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
. Do mui nhm phi l AlCl
3
vi s mol
= 0,011.2 = 0,022 mol v mui Y phi l mui (NH
4
)
2
SO
4
vi s mol l 0,022 mol.
Khi lng hn hp ban u :
3 4 2 4
AlCl NH SO
a m m
( )
= + = 0,022133,5 + 0,022132 = 5,841 g
V n
B
=
4 2 4
2n
(NH ) SO
= 2. 0,022 = 0,044 (mol) V
B
= 2. 0,4928 = 0,9856 lit
Cu II: (2,0 im)
Cho cc cht NH
3
, H
2
N-OH, H
2
N-NH
2
v H-N=NN
a) Sp xp cc cht trn theo chiu gim dn tnh baz. Gii thch.
b) Phng php sn xut hirazin H
2
N-NH
2
trong cng nghip l cho natri hipoclorit tc dng
vi dung dch amoniac. Vit phng trnh ha hc minh ha.
2. Momen lng cc v nhit si ca NH
3
v NF
3
c cho trong bng di y:

c im NH
3
NF
3

Momen lng cc (D) 1,46 0,24

Nhit si (
o
C) -33,0 -129
Cho bit dng hnh hc phn t ca NH
3
, NF
3
. So snh v gii thch s khc bit gi tr momen
lng cc v nhit si ca cc cht ny.
3. Cho dng kh CO i qua ng s cha hn hp X gm FeO, Fe
3
O
4
v Fe
2
O
3
t nng, phn ng
to ra 3,0912 lt kh CO
2
(ktc), hn hp cht rn cn li trong ng nng 14,352 gam gm 4 cht.
Ha tan ht hn hp 4 cht ny vo lng d dung dch HNO
3
thu c V lt kh NO (ktc, sn
phm kh duy nht) v dung dch c cha 50,82 gam mui khan. Tnh V.
p n
1. (a) Tnh baz gim dn theo chiu: NH
3
> H
2
N-NH
2
> H
2
N-OH > H-N=NN
Gii thch:
Ba cht u u c tnh baz v nguyn t N cn cp electron cha lin kt. NH
3
c tnh baz
mnh nht v mt electron ti N ln nht. Oxi c m in ln ht electron lm gim mt
electron ti N. Mt electron ti N gim lm gim kh nng nhn H
+
.
Ring H-N=NN c tnh axit. V lin kt H-N phn cc mnh, H linh ng nn c kh nng cho
H
+

(b) 2NH
3
+ NaClO H
2
N-NH
2
+ NaCl + H
2
O
2. Dng hnh hc phn t: thp y tam gic

Trong phn t NH
3
, lin kt N-H v cp electron ca N phn cc cng chiu. Trong
phn t NF
3
, lin kt N-F v cp electron ca N phn cc ngc chiu. Do , phn t NH
3
phn
cc hn NF
3
.
NH
3
l phn t phn cc, to c lin kt hidro gia cc phn t nn c nhit si cao hn NF
3.

3.
Xem hn hp X gm FeO, Fe
3
O
4
v Fe
2
O
3
l hn hp cha FeO v Fe
2
O
3
Ta c: m
x
= 14,352 + 163,0912/22,4 = 16,56
Gii h phng trnh: 72nFeO + 160 nFe
2
O
3
= 16,56
nFeO + 2nFe
2
O
3
= nFe(NO
3
)
3
= ) mol ( 21 , 0
242
82 , 50
=
nFeO = 0,03mol v nFe
2
O
3
= 0,09 mol
p dng nh lut bo ton electron: nFeO + 2nCO
2
= 3 nNO
nNO = (0,03 + 2 3,0912/22,4)/3 = 0,102 mol. Vy V = 2,2848 lt.
Cu III: (2,0 im)
1. So snh di lin kt n C H trong etan v trong etin. Gii thch
2. Da vo s electron ha tr ca C v H chng t rng ankan c cng thc chung l C
n
H
2n+2
.
3. Ha tan 3,042 gam campho vo 40 gam benzen thu c dung dch ng c 2,94
0
C. Hy xc
nh khi lng mol phn t ca campho. Bit nhit nng chy v hng s nghim lnh ca
benzen ln lt l 5,5
0
C v 5,12.
4. Cho bit sn phm chnh ca cc phn ng cng gia cc cht sau vi s mol bng nhau. (a) but-
2-in + H
2
; (b) axetylen + Br
2

5. Mt hirocacbon X c cha 88,235% C v khi lng. Xc nh cng thc cu to ca X, bit n
l hirocacbon no c ba vng u c 6C.
p n
1. di lin kt n C H trong etan ln hn trong etin
V lin kt C-H trong etan to bi obitan lai ha sp
3
v obitan s ca hiro, cn lin kt C-H trong
N
F
F
F
..
N
H
H
H
..

etin c to bi obitan lai ha sp ca cacbon v obitan s ca hiro.
2. Xt mt ankan c n nguyn t cacbon
S electron ha tr ca C l 4n
S lin kt C-C l n-1
S electron tham gia lin kt C-C l 2(n-2)
S electron ha tr tham gia lin kt C-H l 4n 2(n-2) = 2n+2
V H c mt electron ha tr, nn 2n+2 cng chnh l s nguyn t H.
3. p dng cng thc
t m
1000 m K
M
dd
ct
A

=
) mol / g ( 1 , 152
) 94 , 2 50 , 5 ( 40
1000 042 , 3 12 , 5
M =

=

4. (a) cis-but-2-en v (b) trans-1,2-ibrometen
5. Xc nh cng thc phn t
t C
x
H
y
l cng thc phn t ca X
8 : 5 765 , 11 : 353 , 7
1
765 , 11
:
12
235 , 88
y : x = = =
X c dng C
5n
H
8n
. X c bt bo ha 1 n
2
n 8 2 n 10
+ =
+
= A
Do c 3 vng nn n + 1 = 3, suy ra n = 2 , cng thc phn t ca A l C
10
H
16

X c 3 vng 6C nn cng thc cu to ca n l:
hay
Cu IV: (2,0 im)
1. Tc tng i ca phn ng brom ha tng v tr nhn benzen ca toluen so vi 1 v tr ca
benzen nh sau:

CH
3
5,5 5,5
600 600
2420

a) Gii thch s khc nhau v tc tng i trong phn t toluen.
b) Tnh t l % cc sn phm khi momobrom ha toluen.
c) So snh kh nng phn ng brom ha ca toluen v benzen.
2. Hirocacbon X c M
X
= 84 gam/mol. X tc dng vi dung dch Br
2
to dn xut Y. Cho Y tc
dng vi KOH trong ancol, un nng thu c 2 hirocacbon ng phn Z
1
, Z
2
. Ozon phn Z
1
thu
c sn phm gm CH
3
COOH v HOOC-COOH
a) Lp lun tm cng thc cu to ca X, Y, Z
1
, Z
2
v gi tn.
b) Vit cc phng trnh ha hc xy ra.
c) Biu din cc ng phn hnh hc ca Z
1
v gi tn.
p n
1.
a. Do CH
3
y electron (hiu ng +I) lm tng mt electron trong vng benzen, nht l cc

v tr ortho v para nn cc v tr ny d dng tham gia phn ng th. Tuy nhin, do v tr
ortho gn nhm CH
3
nn kh th hn para.
b. T l sn phm monobrom ca toluen
%(o) =
600 2
100%
600 2 5, 5 2 2420
+ +
= 33,05%
%(m)=
5, 5 2
100%
3631
=0,30% ; %(p) = 66,65%

c. So snh kh nng phn ng ca toluen so vi benzen:
toluen
benzen
v 3631
v 1 6
=
=605,17 ln
2.a) X: C
x
H
y
c 12x + y = 84, bin lun c CTPT ca X l C
6
H
12
.
X tc dng vi dung dch Br
2
to Y: C
6
H
12
Br
2
, un nng Y vi OH
-
/ancol to C
6
H
10

Ozon phn Z
1
thu c CH
3
COOH v HOOC-COOH. Ta c:
CH
3
C O
OH
C
OH
O C O
OH
C
OH
O CH
3

Vy CTCT ca Z
1
: CH
3
-CH=CH-CH=CH-CH
3
Y l CH
3
-CH
2
CHBr-CHBr-CH
2
-CH
3

Z
2
: CH
3
-CH
2
-CC-CH
2
-CH
3

X: CH
3
-CH
2
-CH=CH-CH
2
-CH
3

b) Cc phng trnh ha hc:
CH
3
-CH
2
-CH=CH-CH
2
-CH
3
+ Br
2
CH
3
-CH
2
CHBr-CHBr-CH
2
-CH
3
CH
3
-CH
2
CHBr-CHBr-CH
2
-CH
3
+2KOH
o
ancol,t
CH
3
-CH=CH-CH=CH-CH
3

+ 2KBr+ 2H
2
O
CH
3
-CH
2
CHBr-CHBr-CH
2
-CH
3
+2KOH
o
ancol,t
CH
3
-CH
2
-CC-CH
2
-CH
3
+2KBr
+ 2H
2
O
c) Cc ng phn hnh hc ca Z
1
:

trans - trans
cis - cis
cis-trans

Cu V: (2,0 im)
1. (a) Xc nh cng thc cu to ca A, B, C, D v E. (b) Vit cc phng trnh ha hc.

2. Hn hp kh X gm 2 anken k tip nhau trong dy ng ng. t chy hon ton 2,24 lt kh
hn hp X thu c 5,6 lt kh CO
2
(cc th tch kh o cng iu kin nhit , p sut).
a) Xc nh cng thc phn t ca 2 anken.
b) Hirat ha hon ton mt th tch X vi iu kin thch hp thu c hn hp ancol Y, trong
t l v khi lng cc ancol bc mt so vi ancol bc hai l 12,2:9. Xc nh % khi lng
mi ancol trong hn hp Y.


p n
1. Cng thc cu to ca cc cht l:

2. t cng thc chung ca 2 anken l
n 2 n
H C
t hn hp hai anken:

6 , 5 24 , 2
O H n CO n O
2
n 3
H C
2 2 2 n 2 n
+ +

i vi cht kh t l th tch cng l t l s mol nn c t l:
5 , 2 n 6 , 5 n 24 , 2 = =
Anken duy nht c s nguyn t cacbon < 2,5 l C
2
H
4
v anken k tip l C
3
H
6

CH
2
= CH
2
+ HOH CH
3
CH
2
OH (2)
CH
3
CH = CH
2
+ HOH CH
3
CH(OH)CH
3
(3)
CH
3
CH = CH
2
+ HOH CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
OH (4)
Gi o l % s mol ca C
3
H
6
v (1- o) l % s mol ca C
2
H
4

3o + 2(1 o) = 2,5 o = 0,5
Vy C
3
H
6
chim 50% cn C
2
H
4
chim 50% v th tch.
Gi a, b, c ln lt l s mol ca CH
3
CH
2
OH, CH
3
CH(OH)CH
3
v CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
OH.
Khi : a c b = + , theo :
9
2 , 12
b 60
c 60 a 46
=
+
a = 4c v b = 3c
Vy % khi lng ca cc ancol:

% 15 , 14 % 100
c 60 b 60 a 46
c 60
OH CH CH CH %
% 45 , 42 % 100
c 60 b 60 a 46
b 60
CH ) OH ( CH CH %
% 4 , 43 % 100
c 60 b 60 a 46
a 46
OH H C %
2 2 3
3 3
5 2
=
+ +
=
=
+ +
=
=
+ +
=

UBND THNH PH HI PHNG K THI HC SINH GII THNH PH NM HC 98-99
S GIO DC V O TO MN HA HC-LP 11-PTTH (BNG A)
(Thi gian 180', khng k thi gian giao )
Bi 1:1/Ho tan 0,1 mol AgNO
3
trong 1 lt dung dch NH
3
. Tnh nng ti thiu m dung dch
NH
3
phi c khi thm 0,5 mol NaCl vo dung dch Ag
+
trong dung dch NH
3
ta khng c kt ta
AgCl.
Cho hng s phn ly ca Ag(NH
3
)
2
+
: K = 6.10
-8
; T
AgCl
= 1,6.10
-10

2/Cho kh Cl
2
vo 100ml dung dch NaI 0,2M (dd A), sau un si ui ht id. Thm
nc tr li 100ml (dd B).
a)Bit th tch kh Cl
2
dng l 0,1344 lt (ktc). Tnh nng mol/lit mi mui trong dung dch B.
b)Thm t t vo dung dch B mt dung dch AgNO
3
0,05M. Tnh th tch dung dch AgNO
3
dng
nu kt ta thu c c khi lng bng:
-Trng hp 1: 1,41 gam
-Trng hp 2: 3,315 gam
Bit kt ta AgI to ra trc, sau khi AgI to ht kt ta mi n AgCl.
c)Trong trng hp khi lng kt ta l 3,315 gam, tnh nng mol/lit ca cc ion thu c trong
dung dch sau phn ng vi AgNO
3
.
Bi 2:1/un nng butaien-1,3 vi stiren thu c sn phm duy nht X: C
12
H
14
sn phm ny c
th b hirho theo s :
X
2
0
+ H , Pt
25 , 2atm C
Y
2
0
H , Ni
100 , 100atm C
Z
Xc nh cc cng thc cu to ca X, Y, Z, gii thch s khc nhau v iu kin phn ng hir ho.
Bit rng s mol H
2
tham gia phn ng ca giai on sau gp 3 ln s mol H
2
tham gia phn ng
giai on 1.
2/Khi trng hp ispren thy to thnh 4 loi plime, ngoi ra cn c mt vi sn phm ph
trong c cht X, khi hir ho ton b cht X thu c cht Y (1-metyl,3-ispropyl xiclohecxan).
Vit cng thc cu to 4 loi plyme v cc cht X,Y.
Bi 3:Cho 23,52g hn hp 3 kim loi Mg, Fe, Cu vo 200ml dung dch HNO
3
3,4M khuy u thy
thot ra mt kh duy nht hi nng hn khng kh, trong dung dch cn d mt kim loi cha tan ht,
tip t t dung dch H
2
SO
4
5M vo, cht kh trn li thot ra cho dn khi kim loi va tan ht th
mt ng 44ml, thu c dd A. Ly 1/2 dd A, cho dd NaOH cho n d vo, lc kt ta, ra ri nung
ngoi khng kh n khi lng khng i thu c cht rn B nng 15,6g.
1-Tnh % s mol mi kim loi trong hn hp.
2-Tnh nng cc ion (tr ion H
+-
, OH
-
) trong dung dch A.
Bi 4: 1/ un mt hirocacbon no mch h trong bnh kn, khng c khng kh.
Trng hp 1:Sau phn ng a v nhit ban u thy p sut tng 2,5 ln, hn hp thu c ch
c ankan v anken.
Trng hp 2:(c xc tc) kt thc phn ng thu c mt cht rn v mt kh duy nht, lc ny a
v iu kin ban u thy p sut tng 6 ln.
a)Xc nh cng thc phn t ca hai hircacbon.
b)Vit cc phng trnh phn ng v tnh % theo s mol mi hirocacbon trong hn hp sau phn
ng trng hp 1. Bit rng trong hn hp c 3 hircacbon l ng phn ca nhau v u chim
4% s mol kh trong hn hp, c mt hirocacbon c ng phn hnh hc, tng s hirocacbon l 7.
c)Vit cng thc cu to ca hidrocacbon ban u.

2/Hn hp X gm 2 hirocacbon A v B u th kh, bit %H trong X l 12,195%. T khi
hi ca X i vi H
2
bng 20,5. A, B c cng s nguyn t cacbon. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca A
v B.
P N MN HO HC - LP 11 - BNG A (98 - 99).
Bi I: (5 im)
1/ Ag
+
+ 2NH
3
= Ag(NH
3
)
2
+
(2)
C cn bng:
Ag(NH
3
)
2
+
Ag
+
+ 2NH
3
K = 6,0.10
-8
K =
| | | |
| |
+
+
2 3
2
3
) Ag(NH
NH . Ag
= 6.10
-8
(*)
|Cl
-
| = 0,5 mol/lt . Kt ta AgCl khng c nu: |Ag
+
| |Cl
-
| ( T
AgCl
|Ag
+
| (
5 , 0
1,6.10
-10
= 3,2.10
-10

mol/lt Theo biu thc (*): |Ag
+
| =
| |
| |
2
3
2 3
-8
NH
) Ag( . .6.10
+
NH
< 3,2.10
-10
(**)

Gi x l nng ban u ca dd NH
3
.
Ag
+
+ 2NH
3
Ag(NH
3
)
2
+
K = 1,66 . 10
7
do K >> nn [Ag(NH
3
)
2
+
] = [Ag
+
] = 0,1M
[ ] (x 0,2) 0,1
T (**) c
2
8
) 2 , 0 (
1 , 0 . 10 . 6

x
s 3,2.10
-10
x 0,2 > 4,33 x > 4,53 (mol/lt)
2/ a) S mol Cl
2
= 0,006 mol (0,5)
Cl
2
+ 2NaI = 2NaCl + I
2

0,006 0,012 0,012
n
NaI
= 0,1.0,2 = 0,02 mol ; d NaI: 0,008 mol |NaCl| =
0,1
0,012
= 0,12 M
|NaI| =
0,1
0,008
= 0,08M
b)Nu ch to kt ta AgI: Khi lng kt ta: m
1
=0,008 . 235 = 1,88g (1,5)
Nu to ht c 2 kt ta AgI v AgCl: m
2
= 1,88 + 0,012.143,5 = 3,602g
Trng hp 1: k/l kt ta 1,41g. Vy + l ca AgI ~ 0,006 mol . VAgNO3 =
05 , 0
006 , 0
= 0,12lt
Trng hp 2: k/l kt ta 3,315g 1,88 < 3,315 < 3,602 Vy to 2 kt ta AgI v AgCl
S mol AgNO
3
: 0,008 +
5 , 143
1,88 - 3,315
= 0,008 + 0,01 = 0,018mol . VAgNO3 =
0,05
0,018
= 0,36 lt
c)Nng cc ion: NO
3
-
; Na
+
; Cl
-
(d). Th tch dd: 100 + 360 = 460 ml ~ 0,46 lt (1)
n (NO
3
) = 0,018 mol |NO
3
-
| = 0,0391 M
n (Na
+
) = 0,2.0,1 = 0,02 mol |Na
+
| = 0,043 M
n (Cl
-
) = 0,006.2- 0,01 = 0,002 mol |Cl
-
| = 0,00435 M
Bi II: (5im)
1/ CH
2
=CH-CH=CH
2
+ CH=CH
2
X (C
12
H
14
) Y Z
C
6
H
5

CTCT X: CTCT Y: CTCT Z:

S d phn ng (2) cn iu kin t
o
, p cao hn p (1) v lk t trong vng benzen nhiu hn lk t ca
vng C
6
H
9
. (2)
2/ Cng thc cu to 4 loi polime (3)

t
0

25
o
C; 2
+ H
2
, Ni
100
o
C; 100
+ H
2
, Ni



Dng cis Dng trans

Y: X:

Bi III: (4 im)
Gi x, y, z l s mol Mg, Fe, Cu trong hn hp, ta c : 24x + 56y + 64z = 23,52
3x + 7y + 8z = 2,94 (a)
ng cn d c cc phn ng:
Cho e: Nhn e:
Mg - 2e = Mg
2+
(1) NO
3
-
+ 3e + 4H
+
= NO + 2H
2
O (4)
Fe - 3e = Fe
3+
(2) Cu + Fe
3+
= Cu
2+
+ Fe
2+
(5)
Cu - 2e = Cu
2+
(3)
Phng trnh phn ng ho tan Cu d:
3Cu + 4H
2
SO
4
+ 2NO
3
-
= 3CuSO
4
+ SO
4
2-
+ 2NO + H
2
O (6)
T Pt (6) tnh c s mol Cu d: =
4
0,044.5.3
= 0,165 mol
Theo cc phng trnh (1), (2), (3), (4), (5): s mol e cho bng s mol e nhn:
2(x + y + z 0,165) = |3,4.0,2 2(x + y + z 0,165)|.3
x + y + z = 0,255 + 0,165 = 0,42 (b)
T khi lng cc oxit MgO; Fe
2
O
3
; CuO, c phng trnh:
2
x
.40 +
4
y
.160 +
2
z
. 80 = 15,6 (c)
H phng trnh rt ra t (a), (b), (c): 3x + 7y + 8z = 2,94
x + y + z = 0,42
x + 2y + 2z = 0,78
Gii c: x = 0,06; y = 0,12; z = 0,24.
lng Mg = 6,12 ; lng Fe = 28,57 ; lng Cu = 65,31
2/ Tnh nng cc ion trong dd A (tr H
+
, OH
-
) |Mg
2+
| =
0,244
0,06
= 0,246 M
|Cu
2+
| = 0,984 M ; |Fe
2+
| = 0,492 M ; |SO
4
2-
| = 0,9 M ; |NO
3
-
| = 1,64 M
Bi IV: (6 im)
1 / -Trng hp 2:
C
n
H
2n+2
n C + (n+1) H
2

n + 1 = 6 n = 5 CTPT: C
5
H
12

CH=CH
2

CH
3

CH
2
C
n

CH
2
CH
C=CH
2

CH
3

n
CH
2
H
C=C
H
3
C CH
2

n
CH
2
CH
2
C=C
H
3
C H

n
CH
3

H
3
C CH
CH
3

CH
3

H
3
C CH
CH
2


-Trng hp 1:
C
5
H
12
CH
4
+ C
4
H
8
(1)
C
5
H
12
C
2
H
6
+ C
3
H
6
(2)
C
5
H
12
C
2
H
4
+ C
3
H
8
(3)
V p sut sau phn ng tng 2,5 ln c 1 hirocacbon sau phn ng li tham gia phn ng
crckinh l C
3
H
8
. C
3
H
8
CH
4
+ C
2
H
4
(4)
C
4
H
8
c 3 ng phn: CH
2
=CH-CH
2
-CH
3
(A)
CH
2
=C(CH
3
) -CH
3
(B)
CH
3
-CH=CH-CH
3
(C) Hirocacbon (C) c ng phn hnh
hc.
Tho mn iu kin cho 7 hirocacbon khc nhau.
Gi s ly 1 mol C
5
H
12
em crckinh sau phn ng. S mol hn hp hirocacbon l 2,5 mol.
Trong : S mol 3 ng phn ca C
4
H
8
: =
100
5 , 2 . 12
= 0,3 mol ~ 12%
S mol CH
4
PT (1): 0,3 mol
S mol C
3
H
8
to thnh ri li crckinh = 2,5 2 = 0,5 mol
S mol C
2
H
4
theo (3), (4): 0,5 + 0,5 = 1,0 mol ~ 40
Tng s mol CH
4
: 0,3 + 0,5 = 0,8 mol ~ 32
S mol C
2
H
6
= s mol C
3
H
6
= (2,5 2,1 ): 2 = 0,2 mol ~ 8
c) Cng thc cu to ca ankan ban u: CH
3
-CH-CH
2
-CH
3

CH
3

2/ T H
2
= 12,195 trong hn hp c 1 RH l ankin.
- T M = 41 ankin l C
3
H
4
(M< 41). Vy A, B c th l C
3
H
4
, C
3
H
6
hoc C
3
H
4
, C
3
H
8
.

UBND TP HI PHNG K THI HC SINH GII THNH PH NM HC 98-99
S GIO DC-O TO MN HO HC LP 11 PTTH (BNG B)
(thi gian 180', khng k thi gian giao )
Bi I:
1/Ho tan kh SO
2
vo H
2
O c cc cn bng sau:
SO
2
+ H
2
O H
2
SO
3
(1)
H
2
SO
3
H
+
+ HSO
3
(2)
HSO
3
H
+
+ SO
3
2
(3)
Nng SO
2
thay i nh th no? (gii thch) khi ln lt tc ng nhng yu t sau:
a)un nng dung dch.
b)Thm dung dch HCl.
c)Thm dung dch NaOH.
d)Thm dung dch KMnO
4
.
2/ a)Tnh th tch H
2
O ti thiu cn ho tan 0,192g CaC
2
O
4
20
o
C. Cho tnh s tan ca CaC
2
O
4

20
o
C l 3,6.10
-9
v s bin i th tch khi ho tan l khng ng k.
b)Nu dng dung dch CaCl
2
0,03M ho tan cng lng CaC
2
O
4
trn cng iu kin 20
o
C th th
tch dung dch CaCl
2
ti thiu cn dung l bao nhiu?
Cho: Ca =40; C = 12; O = 16; in li (CaC
2
O
4
)=1.
Bi II :
1-Dn ra 5 phng trnh phn ng khc nhau c to ra kh NO
2
.
2-a)Tnh pH ca dung dch HCl nng 0,5.10
-7
mol/lt.
b)Tnh pH ca dung dch X c to thnh khi trn 200ml dung dch HA 0,1M (Ka = 10
-3.75
) vi
200ml dung dch KOH 0.05M; pH ca dung dch X thay i nh th no khi thm 10
-3
mol HCl vo
dung dch X.
Bi III:
Ho tan 18,4g hn hp 2 kim loi Fe v Mg vo 2,5 lt dung dch HNO
3
long (va ), thu c
5,824lt hn hp 2 kh(ktc) trong c mt kh ho nu trong khng kh v dung dch A. Hn hp 2
kh c khi lng 7,68g.
1-Tnh % khi lng mi kim loi trong hn hp.
2-C cn dung dch A thu c bao nhiu gam mui khan?

3-Tnh nng dung dch HNO
3
dng.
Bi IV:
un mt hir ccbon no mch h trong bnh kn, khng c khng kh.
Trng hp 1: Sau phn ng a v nhit ban u thy p sut tng 2,5 ln, hn hp thu c ch
c ankan v anken.
Trng hp 2:(c xc tc) kt thc phn ng thu c mt cht rn v mt kh duy nht, lc ny a
v iu kin ban u thy p sut tng 6 ln.
1-Xc nh cng thc phn t ca hir ccbon.
2-Vit phng trnh phn ng v tnh % theo s mol mi hir ccbon trong hn hp sau phn ng
trng hp 1. Bit rng trong hn hp c 1 hir ccbon c ng phn ca nhau v u chim 4% s
mol kh trong hn hp, c 1 hir cc bon c ng phn hnh hc, tng s hir ccbon trong hn hp
l 7.
3-Vit cng thc cu to ca hir ccbon ban u.
P N MN HO HC - LP 11 - BNG B (98 - 99).
Bi 1: (5im)
1/a)un nng dd: SO
2
thot khi dd | SO
2
| trong dung dch gim.
b)Thm dd HCl: Cbng (2) (3) chuyn sang tri Cn bng (1) chuyn sang tri
| H
2
SO
3
| tng | SO
2
| tng.
c)Thm NaOH: NaOH + SO
2
= NaHSO
3

2 NaOH + SO
2
= Na
2
SO
3
+ H
2
O
Cbng (2) (3) chuyn sang phi Cn bng (1) chuyn sang phi |SO
2
| gim
d)Thm KMnO
4
. C p: lm gim | SO
2
| .
5SO
2
+ 2KMnO
4
+ 2H
2
O = 2H
2
SO
4
+ 2MnSO
4
+ K
2
SO
4

SO
3
2
+ 2KMnO
4
+ 2H
2
O = H
2
SO
4
+ K
2
MnO
4
+ MnO
4
2

2/a) S mol CaC
2
O
4
=
128
0,192
= 1,5.10
-3
mol . tan S (CaC
2
O
4
) = Tt =
-9
3,6.10 = 6.10
-5
M
th tch dd cha 1,5.10
-3
mol CaC
2
O
4
l:
5
10 . 6
3 - 1,5.10
= 25lt = H
2
O ti thiu cn ho tan.
b) CaCl
2
Ca
2+
+ 2Cl
-

CaC
2
O
4
Ca
2+
+C
2
O
4
2-
Tt = 3,6.10-9 . Gi S' l tan ca CaC
2
O
4
trong dd mi
| | S' S'+ 0,03
S'.( S' + 0,03) = 3,6.10
-9
(coi S' << 0,03 ) 0,03 S' = 3,6.10
-9
S' = 120.10
-9
= 1,2.10
-7

(tht vy: 1,2.10
-7
<< 0,03) V
dd
CaCl
2
cn dng =
7
-3
10 . 2 , 1
1,5.10
= 12500(l)
Bi 2: (5im)
1/ 2HNO
3
=2NO
2
+ 1/2O
2
+ 2H
2
O
Cu + 4HNO
3
= Cu(NO
3
)
2
+ 2NO
2
| + 2H
2
O
2AgNO
3
= 2Ag + O
2
| + 2NO
2
|
C + 4HNO
3
= CO
2
+ 4NO
2
| + 2H
2
O
2NO + O
2
= 2NO
2

2/a) | H
+
| . 0,5.10
-7
do nng nh phi tnh n cn bng ca H
2
O
H
2
O H
+
+ OH

HCl H
+
+ Cl

Theo nh lut bo ton in tch: | H
+
| = | Cl
-
| + |OH
-
| | H
+
| = 0,5.10
-7
+
| |
+
H
10
-14

| H
+
|
2
0,5.10
7
| H
+
| 10
-14
= 0. Gii c: | H
+
| = 1,28.10
-7
pH ~ 6,9
b) n
HA
= 0,1.0,2 = 0,02 mol ; n
KOH
= 0,05.0,2 = 0,01 mol
KOH + HA KA + H
2
O
0,01 0,01 0,01 Theo phng trnh HA cn d = 0,01 mol
Trong d
2
X: C
HA
= C
KA
=
4 , 0
01 , 0
= 0,025M. Xt cc cn bng sau:
H
2
O H
+
+ OH
-
K
W
= 10
-14
(1)

HA H
+
+ A
-
K
HA
= 10
-375
(2)
A
-
+ H
2
O HA + OH
-
K
B
= K
HA
-1
. K
W
= 10
-10,25
(3)
So snh (1) vi (2) K
HA
>> K
W
b qua (1)
So snh (2) vi (3) K
HA
>> K
B
b qua(3) Dung dch X l dung dch m axit
c pH = pKa + lg
| |
| | axit
muoi
= 3,75 + lg
1 , 0
1 , 0
= 3,75
- Khi thm 10
-3
mol HCl
KA + HCl KCl + HA
0,001 0,001 0,001 (mol)
|HA| =
4 , 0
0,001 0,01+
= 0,0275 M v |KA| =
4 , 0
0,001 - 0,01
= 0,0225M .
Dung dch thu c vn l dung dch m axit.
Tng t, pH = 3,75 + lg
0275 , 0
0225 , 0
= 3,66
Bi 3: (5im) 1/ E n
(2kh)
= 0,26mol ; M
2kh
=
0,26
7,68
= 29,2 M (N
2
) < 29,2 < M (NO)
t s mol N
2
= y; NO = x 30x + 28y = 7,68
x + y = 0,26 x = n
NO
= 0,2mol ; y = n N
2
= 0,06mol
t s mol nFe = a , nMg = b ta c: Fe 3e = Fe
3+
v Mg 2e = Mg
Tng s mol e nhng = 3a + 2b
N
+5
+ 3e = N
+2
(NO) v 2N
+5
+ 10e = N
2
Tng s mol e thu = (0,2 . 3) + (0,06.10) = 1,2
Theo nh lut bo ton e: 3a+2b = 1,2 kt hp vi 56a+24b = 18,4 cho a= 0,2 v b= 0,3
m
Fe
= 11,2g %m
Fe
= 60,87%
m
Mg
= 7,2g %m
Mg
= 39,03%
2/ m
Mui khan
= m
Kim loi
+ mNO
3
- = 18,4 + (0,2.3+0,3.2).62 = 92,8g
3/ C
M
(HNO
3
)=
5 , 2
12.0,06 4.0,2 +
= 0,608M
Bi 4: (5im) C
n
H
2n

+ 2
nC + (n+1)H
2

n+1 = 6 n = 5 CTPT: C
5
H
12

Cc p: C
5
H
12
CH
4
+ C
4
H
8

C
5
H
12
C
2
H
6
+ C
3
H
6

C
5
H
12
C
2
H
4
+ C
3
H
8

C
3
H
8
CH
4
+ C
2
H
4

T pt gi s ly 1mol C
5
H
12
sau p l 2,5mol nC
4
H
8
(3 ng phn) = 0,3mol = a
2a + 2b + 2c = 2 c = 0,5
2a + 2b + 3c = 2,5 a = 0,3 b = 0,2
CH
4
= a + c = 0,8mol %CH
4
= (0,8/2,5).100 = 3%
C
2
H
4
= 2c = 1mol %C
2
H
4
= 40%
C
2
H
6
= b = 0,2mol %C
2
H
6
= 8%
C
3
H
6
= b = 0,2mol %C
3
H
6
= 8%
C
4
H
8
= a = 0,3mol %C
4
H
8
= 12%
Cng thc cu to ankan ban u: CH
3
- CH - CH
2
- CH
3

CH
3

S GIO DC V O TO MN HO HC- LP 11 BNG A
(Thi gian lm bi 180' khng k thi gian giao )
Bi 1 : l/ Trong dung dch c cn bng sau: AB A
+
+ B
K
AB

Nng ban u ca AB l (C)
Hy vit biu thc lin h gia in ly (o) v hng s cn bng K
AB
ca cn bng trn.
in ly o thay i nh th no khi gim nng ban u bng cch pha long dung dch.


CH
3
(CH
2
)
4
CH
3
; CH
3
CH
2
CHCH
2
CH
3
; CH
3
CH CH CH
3
; CH
3
-(CH
2
)
3
-CH
3

CH
3
H
3
C CH
3

2/ Nu hin tng, vit phng trnh phn ng cho nhng th nghim sau:
- Cho t t n d dung dch KHSO
4
vo dung dch cha NaAlO
2
v Na
2
CO
3
.
- Cho t t n d dung dch NH
3
vo dung dch cha FeCl
3
v CuSO
4
.
- Nh vi git dung dch NH
3
m c vo AlCl
3
khan.
Bi 2:l/ Hon thnh cc phng trnh phn ng sau:
Cr
4
C
3
+ HNO
3
NO + ...
Fe
2
P + HNO
3
NO + . . .
I
+ NO
2
I
2
+ NO + ...
Au + CN
+ O
2
[Au(CN)
4
]
+
2/ Tnh lng NaF c trong 100ml dung dch HF O,1M ; bit dung dch c pH = 3, hng s cn
bng Ka ca HF l 3,17. 10
4
.
Bi 3: 1/ Gi tn cc hircc bon sau: v

2/ vit cng thc cu to ca hirccbon sau: 6-brm-5-clo-4-isoprpyl-4-mtyl Octan.
3/ Sp xp cc cht sau theo chiu tng dn nhit si, gii thch

4/ Hon thnh cc phng trnh phn ng sau:
Buten -1 + HOCl
Propen + HI ( xc tc peoxit)
Bi 4: Ho tan 0,6472 gam mt kim loi vo dung dch axt HNO
3
to ra 1,0192 gam mui khan.
Thm
dung dch NaHCO
3
vo dung dch sau phn ng thy xut hin 0,8274 gam kt ta. Sau khi lm kh,
nung kt ta th thu c 100,8 ml kh. Th lch kh ny gim xung cn 33,6 ml khi cho qua dung
dch NaOH . Kh cn li duy tr tt s chy. (cc th tch kh u o ktc)
Hy vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra v kim chng li bng tnh ton.
Bi 5: t chy hon ton 6,72 lt hn hp 2 hirccbon th kh, sau phn ng thu c 2 mol
hn hp kh v hi. Lng O
2
dng t chy l 33,6 lt. Xc nh cng thc phn t, vit cc cng
thc cu to ng vi cng thc phn t tm c (cc th tch kh o ktc).
Hng dn chm thi HSG thnh ph 1999-2000
Mn ho hc lp 11 - bng A
Bi 1:
1/ AB A
+
+ B
K
AB
[ ] C - Co Co Co
K
AB
=
o
o
C C
C
2
) (
= C
o
o
1
2
= const nn C gim th o tng ( trong khong t 0 < o < 1)
2/ Trong dung dch cha NaAlO
2
v Na
2
CO
3
c cc cn bng:
AlO
2

-
+ 2H
2
O Al(OH)
3
+ OH
-
(1)
CO
3
2--
+ H
2
O HCO
3
-
+ OH
-
(2)
HCO
3
-
+ H
2
O

H
2
O + CO
2

+

OH
(3)
Trong dung dch KHSO
4
c cn bng: HSO
4
+ H
2
O SO
2
4
+ H
3
O
+

Khi cho n d dd KHSO
4
v dd cha NaAlO
2
v Na
2
CO
3
lm dch chuyn cc cn bng (1),(2)
v (3) sang phi c cc hin tng : - C kh thot ra ( kh CO
2
)
- C kt ta keo (Al(OH)
3
)
Nu d KHSO
4
th Al(OH)
3
s b ho tan: Al(OH)
3
+ OH
AlO
2
+ 2H
2
O
3/ Trong dung dch FeCl
3
v CuSO
4
c cc ion : Fe
3+
, Cu
2+

Dung dch NH
3
c cn bng: NH
3
+ H
2
O NH
4
+
+ OH
-

Khi cho dung dch NH
3
vo dung dch FeCl
3
v CuSO
4
- C kt ta nu, kt ta xanh do phn ng: Fe
3+
+ 3OH
-
Fe(OH)
3
nu
CH
3
CH = C CH CH
2
CH
2
CH
3

H
3
C C
2
H
5

CH
3


Cu
2+
+

2OH
-

Cu(OH)
2
xanh
Sau kt ta xanh Cu(OH)
2
t ho tan trong dd NH
3
d do phn ng :
Cu(OH)
2
+ 4NH
3
[Cu(NH)
4
](OH)
2
( dung dch mu xanh )
- Nh vi git ddNH
3
m c vo AlCl
3
khan c khi trng xut hin do cc phn ng:
AlCl
3
+ 6H
2
O = Al(OH)
3
+ 3HCl
NH
3
+ HCl = NH
4
Cl ( khi trng)
Bi 2
1/ Hon thnh cc phng trnh phn ng :
Cr
4
C
3
+ 2OH
-
+ 8NO
3
-
= 8NO + 4Cr
3+
+ 3CO
2
+ 10H
2
O
Fe
2
P + 2OH
-
+ 11NO
3
-
= 6 Fe
3+
+ 3PO
4
3-
+ 11NO + 10H
2
O
2I
-
+ 2NO
2
+ 4H
+
= I
2
+ 2NO

+ 2H
2
O
4Au + 12H
+
+ 4CN
--
+ 3O
2
= 4[Au(CN)
4
]
-
+ 6H
2
O

2/ C
HF
= 0,1M; [H
+
] = 10
-3
, gi nng NaF trong dd ban u l x
HF H
+
+ F
-

[ ] (10
-1
- 10
-3
)

10
-3
x + 10
-3

3,17.10
- 4
=
( ) ( )
3 3 3 3
3
1 3 3
10 x 10 10 x 10
x 10
99 10 10 99.10

+ +
+
= =
x + 10
-3
= 313,83.10
-4

x = 303,83.10
-4
n
NaF
= 3,03.10
-4
Khi lng NaF l : 303,83.42.10
-5
= 0,1276 g
Bi 31/ Gi tn cc hir ccbon:
CH
3
CH == C CH

CH
2
CH
2
CH
3
v
CH
3
C
2
H
5

4- etyl 3 - mtyl heptan - 2 v 1 metyl xiclopenten 2
2/ Vit CTCT ca hircacbon 6 - brm - 5-clo- 4- iso prpyl - 4 - mtyl octan
CH
3

CH
3

CH
2

CH
2

C

CH

CH

CH
2

CH
3

CH Cl Br
CH
3
CH
3

3/ t
0
S
tng dn
CH
3
(CH
2
)
3
CH
3
< CH
3

- CH - CH - CH
3
< CH
3
- CH
2
CH - CH
2
- CH
3
< CH
3
- (CH
2
)
4
- CH
3

(A) (B) CH
3
CH
3
(C) CH
3
(D)
(A) c khi lng phn t nh hn (B), (C), (D) nn t
0
s
thp nht.
t (B) n (C) n (D) tnh phn nhnh gim dn, din tch tip xc gia cc phn t tng dn,
t
0
S
tng dn.
CH
2
= CH CH
2
CH
3
+ HOCl CH
2
Cl CH(OH) CH
2
CH
3

CH
2
= CH CH
3
+ HI
peroxit
CH
2
I CH
2
CH
3

Bi 4 Cc phng trnh phn ng :
Ag + 2HNO
3
= AgNO
3
+ NO
2
+ H
2
O (1)
2AgNO
3
+ 2Na HCO
3
= Ag
2
CO
3
+ 2NaNO
3
+ H
2
O + CO
2
(2)
Ag
2
CO
3
= 2Ag + CO
2
+ 1/2O
2
(3)
CO
2
+ 2NaOH = Na
2
CO
3
+ H
2
O (4)
Kim chng li bng tnh ton: khi lng gc NO
3
-
: 1,092 - 0,6472 = 0,372 gam
S mol NO
3
-
= 6.10
-3
mol vi cng thc M(NO
3
)
n

M
KL
= 108
10 . 6
6472 , 0
3
=
(n=1) Vy KL l Ag . Vi n= 2 khng tho mn

VO
2
= 33,6 ml ; VCO
2
(pt 3) = 67,2 ml ; VO
2
= 1/2VCO
2
nO
2
= 1/2nCO
2
tho mn pt(3)
CH
3


CH
3
CH
3
CH
3
H
C = C C = C
H H H CH
H
2
C CH
2
CH
2
CH
2

H
2
C CH
2
H
2
C CH CH
3
H
2
C CH
2

Bi 5 S mol CO
2
v H
2
O =2(mol) ; S mol O
2
= ) ( 5 , 1
4 , 22
6 , 33
mol = ; - S mol hn hp :
) ( 3 , 0
4 , 22
72 , 6
mol =
Gi s mol CO
2
l x; s mol H
2
O l y ta c : x + y = 2 v 2x + y = 1,5. 2 = 3 x = y = 1
Vy hai hircacbon em t l 2 anken(xycloankan) C
n
H
2n

hay hn hp 2 hirccbon C
n
H
2n+2
v C
m
H
2m - 2

* Trng hp 1 : 2 hircacbon : C
n
H
2n
v C
m
H
2m

Khi lng hai hircacbon: 44 + 18 - 1,5.32 = 14(g)
Tr s cacbon trung bnh ca hai hircacbon = 3 , 3
3 , 0 . 14
14
= . Vy n= 4; m= 3 hoc n = 4; m = 2
2 hircacbon l: C
4
H
8
cu to
CH
2
= CH CH
2
CH
3
; ; CH
2
= CH CH
3

CH
3

C
3
H
6
v C
2
H
4

CH
2
= CH CH
3

CH
2
= CH
2

* Trng hp 2 : Gm hai hircacbon C
n
H
2n
v C
m
H
2m-2
ch tho mn khi cc s mol 2 hir
cacbon bng nhau
C
n
H
2n
+
2
1 3 + n
O
2
nCO
2
+ (n+1)H
2
O
C
m
H
2m-2
+
2
1 3 m
O
2
mCO
2
+ (m - 1)H
2
O Rt ra n + m =
1
0,15
= 6,67 (khng nguyn)
Vy khng th c hn hp 2 hir cacbon trng hp hai.

S GIO DC V O TO MN HO HC- LP 11 BNG B
Bi 1 : l/ Trong dung dch c cn bng sau: AB A
+
+ B
K
AB

Nng ban u ca AB l (C)
Hy vit biu thc lin h gia in ly (o) v hng s cn bng K
AB
ca cn bng trn.
in ly o thay i nh th no khi gim nng ban u bng cch pha long dung dch.
2/ Nu hin tng, vit phng trnh phn ng cho nhng th nghim sau:
- Cho t t n d dung dch KHSO
4
vo dung dch cha NaAlO
2
v Na
2
CO
3
.
- Cho t t n d dung dch NH
3
vo dung dch cha FeCl
3
v CuSO
4
.
- Nh vi git dung dch NH
3
m c vo AlCl
3
khan.
Bi 2: Hon thnh cc phng trnh phn ng sau:
Cr
3+
+ Br
2
+ OH
CrO
4
2
+ ...
CuFeS
2
+ Fe
3+
+ O
2
+ H
2
O Fe
2+
+ SO
4
2
+ ...
SO
2
+ MnO
4
+ Mn
2+
+ SO
4
2
+ ...
Bi 3: 1/ Ru X cha 34,78% xy, ru X tch nc , thu c mt anken, dn anken sc qua
dung dch B cha nc Br
2
c ln mt t NaI v NaCl.
a) Xc nh cng thc cu to ca ru X v anken.
b) Xc nh sn phm thu c khi sc anken qua dung dch B, gii thch.
(A)
C
0
1500
(B) + (C)
(B) + dd AgNO
3
trong NH
3
(D) + + (E) + (F)
(D) + (G) (B) + (H) +
2(B) (I)

(I) + (C)
0
,t Pd
(K)
n(K) (L)
n

Bi 4: Tnh lng NaF c trong 100ml dung dch HF O,1M ; bit dung dch c pH = 3, hng s cn
bng Ka ca HF l 3,17. 10
4
.
Bi 5: t chy hon ton 6,72 lt hn hp 2 hirccbon th kh, sau phn ng thu c 2 mol
hn hp kh v hi. Lng O
2
dng t chy l 33,6 lt. Xc nh cng thc phn t, vit cc cng
thc cu to ng vi cng thc phn t tm c (cc th tch kh o ktc).
HNG DN CHM THI HSG THNH PH 1999-2000
MN HO HC LP 11 - BNG B
Bi 1
1/ AB A
+
+ B
K
AB
[ ] C - Co Co Co
K
AB
=
o
o
C C
C
2
) (
= C
o
o
1
2
= const nn C gim th o tng ( trong khong t 0 < o < 1)
2/ Trong dung dch cha NaAlO
2
v Na
2
CO
3
c cc cn bng:
AlO
2

-
+ 2H
2
O Al(OH)
3
+ OH
-
(1)
CO
3
2--
+ H
2
O HCO
3
-
+ OH
-
(2)
HCO
3
-
+ H
2
O

H
2
O + CO
2

+

OH
(3)
Trong dung dch KHSO
4
c cn bng: HSO
4
+ H
2
O SO
2
4
+ H
3
O
+

Khi cho n d dd KHSO
4
v dd cha NaAlO
2
v Na
2
CO
3
lm dch chuyn cc cn bng (1),(2)
v (3) sang phi c cc hin tng : - C kh thot ra ( kh CO
2
)
- C kt ta keo (Al(OH)
3
)
Nu d KHSO
4
th Al(OH)
3
s b ho tan: Al(OH)
3
+ OH
AlO
2
+ 2H
2
O
3/ Trong dung dch FeCl
3
v CuSO
4
c cc ion : Fe
3+
, Cu
2+

Dung dch NH
3
c cn bng: NH
3
+ H
2
O NH
4
+
+ OH
-

Khi cho dung dch NH
3
vo dung dch FeCl
3
v CuSO
4
- C kt ta nu, kt ta xanh do phn ng: Fe
3+
+ 3OH
-
Fe(OH)
3
nu
Cu
2+
+

2OH
-

Cu(OH)
2
xanh
Sau kt ta xanh Cu(OH)
2
t ho tan trong dd NH
3
d do phn ng :
Cu(OH)
2
+ 4NH
3
[Cu(NH)
4
](OH)
2
( dung dch mu xanh )
- Nh vi git ddNH
3
m c vo AlCl
3
khan c khi trng xut hin do cc phn ng:
AlCl
3
+ 6H
2
O = Al(OH)
3
+ 3HCl
NH
3
+ HCl = NH
4
Cl ( khi trng)
Bi 2
Hon thnh cc phng trnh phn ng sau:
Cr
3+
+ 8OH
-
+ Br
2
= 2 CrO
4
-
+ 8H
+
+ 2Br
-
CuFeS
2
+ 8H
2
O + 16Fe
3+
+ 16O
2
= 21Fe
2+
+ 10SO
4
2-
+ 5Cu
2+
+ 16H
+

SO
2
+ 2H
2
O + 2MnO
4
-
= 5SO
4
2-
+ 4H
+
+ 2Mn
2+

Bi 3
1/ T % oxi trong ru =34,78%, ru tch nc thu c anken ru l ru no n chc:
C
n
H
2n+1
OH. 78 , 34
18 14
100 . 16
=
+ n
n= 2 Cng thc cu to ca ru CH
3
- CH
2
- OH
Cng thc cu to ca anken CH
2
= CH
2

CH
2
= CH
2
+ Br
2
CH
2
Br CH
2
Br
CH
2
= CH
2
+ Br
2
+ I
-
CH
2
Br CH
2
I + Br
-
CH
2
= CH
2
+ Br
2
+ Cl
-
CH
2
Br CH
2
Cl + Br
-

CH
2
= CH
2
+ Br
2
+ H
2
O CH
2
Br CH
2
OH + HBr
CH
2
= CH
2
+ Br
2
+ H
+
CH
3
CH
2
Br + Br
-

CH
2
= CH
2
+ H
+
+ I
-
CH
3
CH
2
I
CH
2
= CH
2
+ H
+
+ OH
-
CH
3
CH
2
OH
Hon thnh cc phng trnh phn ng:

CH
3
CH
3
CH
3
H C = C C = C
H H H CH
3

H
2
C CH
2
CH
2
CH
2

H
2
C CH
2
H
2
C CH CH
3
H
2
C CH
2

CH
4
CH CH + 3H
2

(A) (B) (C)
CH CH + 2[Ag(NH
3
)
2
]NO
3
Cag CAg+ + 2NH
4
NO
3
+ 2NH
3

(B) (D) (E) (F)
CAg CAg + HCl CH CH + 2AgCl+
(D) (G) (B) (H)
2CH CH CH C - CH = CH
2

(B) (I)
CH C - CH = CH
2
+ H
2
CH
2
= CH - CH = CH
2
(I) (C) (K)
nCH
2
= CH - CH = CH
2
( - CH
2
- CH = CH
2
- CH -)
n

(K) (L)
Bi 4
C
HF
= 0,1M; [H
+
] = 10
-3
, gi nng NaF trong dd ban u l x
HF H
+
+ F
-

[ ] (10
-1
- 10
-3
)

10
-3
x + 10
-3

3,17.10
- 4
=
( ) ( )
3 3 3 3
3
1 3 3
10 x 10 10 x 10
x 10
99 10 10 99.10

+ +
+
= =
x + 10
-3
= 313,83.10
-4

x = 303,83.10
-4
n
NaF
= 3,03.10
-4
Khi lng NaF l : 303,83.42.10
-5
= 0,1276 g
Bi 5
S mol CO
2
v H
2
O =2(mol) ; S mol O
2
= ) ( 5 , 1
4 , 22
6 , 33
mol = ; - S mol hn hp : ) ( 3 , 0
4 , 22
72 , 6
mol =
Gi s mol CO
2
l x; s mol H
2
O l y ta c : x + y = 2 v 2x + y = 1,5. 2 = 3 x = y = 1
Vy hai hircacbon em t l 2 anken(xycloankan) C
n
H
2n

hay hn hp 2 hirccbon C
n
H
2n+2
v C
m
H
2m - 2

* Trng hp 1 : 2 hircacbon : C
n
H
2n
v C
m
H
2m

Khi lng hai hircacbon: 44 + 18 - 1,5.32 = 14(g)
Tr s cacbon trung bnh ca hai hircacbon = 3 , 3
3 , 0 . 14
14
= . Vy n= 4; m= 3 hoc n = 4; m = 2
2 hircacbon l: C
4
H
8
cu to
CH
2
= CH CH
2
CH
3
; H ; CH
2
= CH CH
3

CH
3

C
3
H
6
v C
2
H
4

CH
2
= CH CH
3

CH
2
= CH
2

* Trng hp 2 : Gm hai hircacbon C
n
H
2n
v C
m
H
2m-2
ch tho mn khi cc s mol 2 hir
cacbon bng nhau
C
n
H
2n
+
2
1 3 + n
O
2
nCO
2
+ (n+1)H
2
O
C
m
H
2m-2
+
2
1 3 m
O
2
mCO
2
+ (m - 1)H
2
O Rt ra n + m =
1
0,15
= 6,67 (khng nguyn)
Vy khng th c hn hp 2 hir cacbon trng hp hai.



HO
C CH
3

H
3
C

CH
3

OH

O=HC- CH
2
-CH
2
CH CH
2
-CH=O
H
3
C C = O
O=HC- CH
2
-CH
2
-CH
2
CH CH=O

H
3
C C = O

S GIO DC V O To Mn Ho hc- Lp 11 THPT
(Bng A lm c 5 bi - Bng B khng phi lm bi 5)
Bi l:
1/ Dung dch A gm cc cation: NH
4
+
; Na
+
; Ba
2+
v 1 anion X c th l mt trong cc anion sau:
CH
3
COO
; NO
3
; SO
4
2
; CO
3
2
; PO
4
3
. Hi X l anion no? Bit rng dung dch A c pH = 5 .
2/ Thm NaOH d vo dung dch CuSO
4
,thm tip NH
4
NO
3
vo dung dch n d c hin tng
g xy ra? Vit phng trnh phn ng.
3/ Cho cc dung dch sau: Al(NO
3
)
3
; ZnCl
2
; Na
2
CO
3
; MgSO
4
; NH
4
NO
3
. Khng dng thm
thuc th hy nu cch nhn ra tng dung dch, vit phng trnh phn ng dng ion.
Bi 2:
Ho tan a gam Cu trong lng d dung dch HNO
3
. Kt thc phn ng thu c 5,97 lt hn hp
gm NO v NO
2
(kh A), v dung dch c khi lng khng thay i so vi khi lng axit ban u.
Thc hin 2 th nghim sau: '
Th nghim 1 : ly 11,94 lt kh A cho i qua dung dch KOH 0,5 M phn ng va , thu c
dung dch B ( th tch khng thay i so vi th tch dung dch KOH).
Th nghim 2: Ly 5,97 lt kh A cho i qua Cu bt d thu c kh C.
1/ Tnh a.
2/ Tnh th tch dung dch KOH v nng mol/11t ca dung dch B.
3/ Tnh th tch kh C thu c. Cc th tch kh o iu kin tiu chun.
Bi 3:
Cho cn bng sau: HCOOH H
+
+ HCOO

Ho tan 4,600 gam axit fomic (HCOOH) trong nc v pha long thnh 500 ml (dung dch A).
1/ Tnh in li ca axit fomic trong dung dch A, bit rng pH ca dung dch A l 2,25
2/ Tnh hng s phn li ca axit fomic.
3/ Cn thm bao nhiu ml dung dch HCl c pH = 1,00 vo 100,00 ml dung dch A in li
ca axit gim 20% (khi tnh coi th tch dung dch khng thay i khi thm dung dch HCl).
4/ Nu thm 0,400 gam NaOH vo 50,00 ml dung dch A, sau cho giy qu tm vo dung dch
th qu tm c i mu khng? Nu i mu th i mu g? ti sao? Tnh pH ca dung dch.
Bi 4:
Limonen c trong tinh du chanh cng thc phn t C
10
H
16
.
Hidro ho Limonen thu c Mentan C
10
H
20
.
Cho Limonen tc dng vi nc (xc tc axit) thu c
tecpinhidrat c cng thc:
1/ Xc nh cng thc cu to ca Limonen, Mentan, bit rng trong phn t Limonen c 2 nhm
metyl.
2/ Vit phng trnh phn ng ca 1 mol Limonen vi 1 mol Br
2
; vi 2 mol HBr.
3/ A, B, C l cc ng phn ca Limonen, c mt s phn ng tng t Limonen, c ba u c
ng phn hnh hc, tin hnh phn ng ozon phn A,B,C u cho Etanal v mt sn phm khc:
- A cho cht A
1
c cng thc: - B cho cht B
1
c cng thc:

Xc nh cng thc cu to ca A,B,C.
Bi 5:
Hirocacbon A c cng thc tng qut C
n
H
n+1
. Mt mol A phn ng va 4 mol H
2
hay

1 mol Br
2
trong dung dch nc brom. Oxi ho A thu c hn hp sn phm trong c axit axetic.
Xc nh cng thc cu to ca A. Vit phng trnh phn ng ca A vi dung dch Brom; vi HBr;
vi Br
2
(xc tc FeBr
3
).
HNG DN CHM THI HSG HO 2000-2001 (LP 11 THPT)
Bi 1: (3 im)
1/ X l NO
3
v NH
4
NO
3
: mi trng axit pH< 7.
2/ + c kt ta mu xanh: Cu
2+
+ 2OH
-
= Cu(OH)
2
+
+ c kh mi khai : NH
4
+
+ OH
-
= NH
3
| + H
2
O
+ kt ta tan to dung dch xanh thm: Cu(OH)
2
+ 4NH
3
= [Cu(NH
3
)
4
]
2+
+ 2OH
-

3/ Ly mi dung dch mt t cho ln lt vo cc dung dch cn li hin tng c ghi trong bng
sau:
Al(NO
3
)
3
ZnCl
2
Na
2
CO
3
MgSO
4
NH
4
NO
3

Al(NO
3
)
3
- +, +tan (1) - -
ZnCl
2
- +, +tan (2) - -
Na
2
CO
3
+, +tan +, +tan

+trng |(khai)
MgSO
4
- - +, +tan (3) -
NH
4
NO
3
- - | (khai)(4) -
Kt lun
+, +tan +, +tan 3+,| + |
-Nu dung dch cho 3 trng hp kt ta v 1 trng hp c kh mi khai thot ra l dung dch
Na
2
CO
3
:
Al
3+
+ 3OH
-
= Al(OH)
3
+ (CO
3
2-
+ H
2
O HCO
3
-
+ OH
-
)
Al(OH)
3
+ OH
-
= AlO
2
-
+ 2H
2
O
Zn
2+
+ 2OH
-
= Zn(OH)
2

Zn(OH)
2
+ 2OH
-
=ZnO
2
2-
+ 2H
2
O
Mg
2+
+ 2OH
-
= Mg(OH)
2
(khng vit Mg
2+
+ CO
3
2-
= MgCO
3
)
NH
4
+
+ OH
-
= NH
3
+ H
2
O
- Nu dung dch ch cho 1 kt ta v kt ta khng tan trong thuc th d l dung dch MgSO
4
.
- Nu dung dch ch cho 1 trng hp c kh mi khai thot ra l dung dch NH
4
NO
3
.
- 2 dung dch cn li c hin tng ging nhau l Al(NO
3
)
3
v ZnCl
2

Dng dung dch NH
4
NO
3
nhn ra kt ta Zn(OH)
2
: kt ta tan trong dung dch NH
4
NO
3
dung
dch tng ng l ZnCl
2
cn li l dung dch Al(NO
3
)
3

NH
4
+
NH
3
+ H
+
v Zn(OH)
2
+ 4NH
3
= [Zn(NH
3
)
4
]
2+
+ 2OH
-

Bi 2: (3 im)
Phng trnh phn ng : 3Cu + 8HNO
3
= 3Cu(NO
3
)
2
+ 2NO + 4H
2
O
Cu + 4HNO
3
= Cu(NO
3
)
2
+ 2NO
2
+ 2H
2
O
2NO
2
+ 2KOH = KNO
2
+ KNO
3
+ H
2
O
NO + Cu
0
t
CuO + 1/2N
2

2NO
2
+ 4Cu = 4CuO + N
2

Gi s mol Cu tham gia phn ng (1) l x, tham gia phn ng (2) l y.
(x + y) .64 = 30.
3
2x
+ 46 . 2y hay 7 y = 11 x Gii c x = 0,07 ; y = 0,11

3
2x
+ 2y = 0,2665
1/ Tnh a: a = 11,52 gam
2/ S mol NO
2
tham gia phn ng (3) : 0,11 4 = 0,44 (mol)
S mol KOH tham gia phn ng : 0,44 mol Th tch dung dch KOH 0,5M =
5 , 0
44 , 0
= 0,88(lt)
Nng cc mui trong dung dch B: [KNO
2
] = [KNO
3
] =
2 . 88 , 0
44 , 0
= 0,25 (M)
3/ Theo cc phng trnh (4), (5) s mol N
2
=
2
1
s mol (NO + NO
2
) =
2
1
(
3
2 . 07 , 0
+ 0,11 . 2)


CH
2

H
3
C C
CH
3

CH
3

H
3
C C
CH
3

CH
2

H
3
C C
CH
3

CH
2
Br
H
3
C CBr
CH
3

CH
2

H
3
C C
CH
3

Br CH
3

C CBr
H
3
C CH
3

= 0,13335 (mol)
Th tch kh N
2
: (ktc) = 0,13335. 22,4 = 2,987 (lt).
Bi 3:
1/ Nng gc ca HCOOH: C
H-COOH
=
4, 6
46.0.5
= 0,200M ; pH = 2,25 [H
+
] = 5,62.10
-3
M
HCOOH H
+
+ HCOO
K
A

Ban u: 0,200 0 0
[ ] (0,200-5,62.10
-3
) 5,62.10
-3
5,62.10
-3

o =
3
5, 62.10
0, 2
= 2,81%
2/ Tnh K
A
=
| |
( (

+ -
H . H-COO
H-COOH
=
3 2
3
(5, 62.10 )
(0, 2 5, 62.10 )
= 1,62.10
-4

3/ in li gim 20% o' = 2,81.0,8 = 2,248%
[HCOOH] = 0,2
2,248.0,2
100
= 0,1955 v [HCOO
-
] =
2,248.0,2
100
= 4,5.10
-3

H-COOH H
+
+ HCOO

Ban u: 0,200 x 0
[ ] 0,1955 x + 4,5.10
-3
4,5.10
-3

Ta c :
+
-3 3
( 4,5.10 ).4, 5.10
0,1955
x
= 1,62.10
-4
x = 0,0025 [H
+
] = 0,0025.
Gi V l th tch dung dch HCl cn thm , vi pH = 1 [H
+
] = 0,1 s mol [H
+
] = 0,1V.
Vy 0,1V = 0,0025.0,1 V = 0,0025 (lt) hay 2,5 ml.
4/ Nng gc ca NaOH =
0, 4
40.0, 05
= 0,2 M
HCOOH + NaOH = HCOONa + H
2
O
0,2 0,2 0,2
Dung dch ch cn HCOONa HCOO
-
+ Na
+
c cn bng HCOO
-
+ H
2
O HCOOH + OH
-

To ra mi trng baz pH >7 qu tm i mu xanh.
* Tnh pH ca dung dch:
H-COO
+ H
2
O H-COOH + OH
K
b
= K
A
-1
.W
Ban u 0,200 0 0
[ ] 0,2 x x x
Ta c :
2
x
0, 2 x
= 10
3,79
.10
-14
= 10
-10,21
coi x << 0,2 th x
2
= 2.10
-11,21

x = 1,4.10
-5,6
= 10
-5,45
[H
+
] = 10
-8,55
pH = 8,55
Bi 4: (3 im)
T CTPT ca Limonen : C
10
H
16
bt bo ho =
+ 10.2 2 16
2
= 3.
- Limonen + H
2
Mentan C
10
H
20
Limonen c 2 lin kt i v 1 vng.
T cng thc tecpinhidrat CTCT ca
* Limonen *Mentan:

2/ Phng trnh phn ng:

+ Br
2

1 : 1


CH CH
3

C
CH
3

CH CH
3

C
CH
3

CH CH
3

C
CH
3

CH = CH CH
3

+ 2 HBr

3/ Xc nh CTCT ca A, B ,C
*CTCT A: *CTCT B: *CTCT C:

Bi 5: (3 im)
A + 4 mol H
2
A c 4 lin kt i.
A + 1 mol Br
2
A c 1 lin kt i ngoi vng bt bo ho trong A l 5
T cng thc C
n
H
n+1
ta c:
2n+2-(n+1)
2
= 5 n = 9. CTPT A: C
9
H
10

A
OXH
+ CH
3
COOH . Vy CTCT A:

Cc phng trnh phn ng:
A + dd Br
2
: C
6
H
5
-CH=CH-CH
3
+ Br
2
C
6
H
5
-CHBr-CHBr-CH
3

A + HBr : C
6
H
5
-CH=CH-CH
3
+ HBr C
6
H
5
-CHBr-CH
2
-CH
3

S GIO DC V O TO THI HC SINH GII
HI PHNG Mn Ho hc lp 11THPT
NM HC 2001 2002
Thi gian lm bi : 180 pht (Khng k thi gian giao )
Bng A lm c 5 bi, Bng B khng lm bi 4
Bi 1:
NH
3(k)
+ HCl
(k)

SO
2(k)
+ CaO
(r)

NH
3(k)
+ Cl
2 (k)

NH
4
HCO
3
( un nng)
NH
4
NO
2
( un nng)
SO
2
+ H
2
O
SO
3
+ ddNaOH
Theo thuyt Bronsted phn ng no l phn ng axit-baz, xc nh axit, baz.
2/ Vit cc phng trnh phn ng: ( sn phm chnh, t l mol 1:1)
a) CH
3
-CH=CH-CH
2
-CH
3
+ HCl
b) S-cis butaien-1,3 + etilen ( 200
0
C)
c) Benzen + Propen ( xc tc H
+
)
d) Tluen + KMnO
4
( mi trng H
+
)
e) FCH
2
-CH=CH
2
+ HBr
Bi 2:
1/ Cho n-butan phn ng vi Clo ( t l mol 1:1), chiu sng c hn hp 2 sn phm hu c A v B
cng kh C.
a) Vit phng trnh phn ng.
b) Kh C c ho tan trong nc, trung ho dung dch cn 800 ml dung dch NaOH
0,75M . Tnh khi lng sn phm A, B , bit nguyn t Hidro Cc bon bc II c kh nng phn
ng cao hn 3 ln so vi nguyn t Hidro Cc bon bc I.
2/ C 4 hidrocacbon thm: C
8
H
10
(A) ; C
8
H
10
(B) ; C
9
H
12
(C) ; C
9
H
12
(D) . Thc hin phn ng cc
hidrocacbonvi Br
2
/Fe ( t l mol 1:1) c cc dn xut mono Brom.
a) A cho 1 sn phm th.
b) B cho 3 sn phm th.
c) C cho 1 sn phm th.
d) D cho 2 sn phm th.

Vit cng thc cu to ca A ; B ; C ; D.
Bi 3:
Cho 2 ml dung dch AgNO
3
0,03M vo 1 ml dung dch NH
3
1,5M, c dung dch X. Hin tng g
xy ra khi:
1/ Thm 1 ml dung dch NaCl 0,02M vo dung dch X.
2/ Thm 1 ml dung dch HCl 0,50M vo dung dch X
Cho: NH
3
+ H
+
=> NH
4
+
K = 10
9,24
Ag(NH
3
)
2
+
=> Ag
+
+ 2NH
3
| = 10
-7,23
T
t
(AgCl) = 10
-10

Bi 4:
Dung dch A c to thnh khi cho 0,10 mol CuSO
4
vo dung dch cha 2 mol NH
3
. Tnh nng
ion Cu
2+
t do c trong 500 ml dung dch A.
Cho: Cu
2+
+ 4NH
3
=> | |
+ 2
4 3
) (NH Cu | = 2.10
13

NH
3
+ H
2
O => NH
4
+
+ OH
-
K
b
= 10
-4,8

Bi 5:
Hirocacbon X phn ng cng Brom vi khi lng bng 246,15% khi lng ca n. Khi un nng
X vi etylen sinh ra sn phm Y, Y c ng phn quang hc, 1mol Y c kh nng phn ng vi 1 mol
H
2
cho hp cht Z. X
/
l ng phn ca X, un nng X
/
vi etylen sinh ra sn phm Y
/
, Y
/
khng c
ng phn quang hc.1mol Y
/
phn ng vi 1 mol H
2
cng cho hp cht Z.
1/ Xc nh cng thc cu to X, Y, X
/
, Y
/
v Z bit khi lng phn t X khng vt qu
196. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng.
2/ Vit phng trnh ( t l mol 1:1) ca X vi HBr.
Ch thch: Hp cht c ng phn quang hc trong phn t c nguyn t cac bon bt i
(C
*
) l nguyn t Cac bon lin kt vi 4 nguyn t hay nhm nguyn t khc nhau).
P N
Bi 1: (4 im)
1/ Hon thnh phng trnh phn ng: (2,0 im) mi phng trnh cho 0,25 im
NH
3
+ HCl = NH
4
Cl (1)
SO
2
+ CaO = CaSO
3
(2)
NH
4
HCO
3
= NH
3
+ H
2
O + CO
2
(3)
NH
4
NO
2
= N
2
+ 2H
2
O (4)
SO
2
+ H
2
O = H
2
SO
3
(5)
SO
3
+ H
2
O = H
2
SO
4
(6)
NaOH + H
2
SO
4
= NaHSO
4
+ H
2
O (7)
2NaOH + H
2
SO
4
= Na
2
SO
4
+ 2H
2
O (8)
Theo thuyt Bronstet: (0,75 im)
Phn ng (1) l phn ng axit-baz: Baz : NH
3
; axit: HCl
Phn ng (5) l phn ng axit-baz: Baz : SO
2
; axit: H
2
O
Phn ng (6) l phn ng axit-baz: Baz : SO
3
; axit: H
2
O
Phn ng (7) (8) l phn ng axit-baz: Baz : NaOH ; axit: H
2
SO
4

2/ Cc phng trnh phn ng: (1,25 im) mi pt cho 0,25 im
a) CH
3
-CH=CH-CH
2
-CH
3
+ HCl CH
3
-CHCl-CH
2
-CH
2
-CH
3

b) CH
2

CH CH
2
+
CH CH
2
CH
2

c) C
6
H
6
+ CH
2
= CH-CH
3
CH
3
- CH-CH
3

C
6
H
5

d) C
6
H
5
-CH
3
+ KMnO
4
+ H
+
C
6
H
5
COOH + Mn
2+
+ K
+
+ 2H
2
O
c) F-CH
2
-CH=CH
2
+ HBr FCH
2
-CH
2
- CH
2
Br
Bi 2:( 3,0 im)
1/ (1,75 im) a) Vit phng trnh: (0,50 im)


CH
3
CH
3
CH
3
CH
3
H
3
C CH
3
H
3
C CH
3

hoc
CH
3

CH
3
CH
3
CH
2
-CH
3
(A) (B) (C) (D)

CH
3
-CH
2
-CH
2
-CH
3
+ Cl
2
CH
3
-CHCl-CH
2
-CH
3
+ HCl
(A) (C)
CH
3
-CH
2
-CH
2
-CH
3
+ Cl
2
CH
3
-CH
2
-CH
2
-CH
2
Cl + HCl
(B) (C)
b) Tnh khi lng sn phm: ( 1,25 im)
Gi s mol sn phm A l n
A
; sn phm B l n
B
: n
A
+ n
B
= n
HCl
= n
NaOH
= 0.8.0,75 = 0,6(mol)
%n
A
=
B A
A
r r
r
6 4
4 . . 100
+
=
. 6 3 . 4
4 . 3 . 100
+
=> n
A
=
. 6 3 . 4
4 . 3 . 100
+
.
100
6 , 0
= 0,4 (mol) => n
B
= 0,2 (mol)
( r
A
; r
B
l kh nng phn ng ca nguyn t H nguyn t cac bon bc II v bc I)
Khi lng sn phm A = 0,4.92,5 = 37 gam.
Khi lng sn phm B = 0,2.92,5 = 18,5 gam.
2/ (1,25 im)

Bi 3:(2 im)
Nng ban u:
CAg
+
=
3
2 . 03 , 0
= 0,02 M ; CNH
3
=
3
1 . 5 , 1
= 0,5M
Cn bng: Ag
+
+ 2NH
3
Ag(NH
3
)
2
+
|
-1
= 10
7,23
C
0
0,02 0,50
cn li: - 0,46 0,02
1/ Thm 1ml NaCl 0,02M vo dung dch X:
Nng ban u: C Cl
-
=
4
1 . 02 , 0
= 0,005M ; C NH
3

=
4
3 . 46 , 0
=0,345M ;
C Ag(NH
3
)
2
+
=
4
3 . 02 , 0
= 0,015M
Ag(NH
3
)
2
+
Ag
+
+ 2NH
3
| = 10
-7,23
B 0,015 0,345
Cb (0,015-x) x (0,345+2x)
) 015 , 0 (
) 2 345 , 0 (
2
x
x x
+
= 10
-7,23
gi s x<< 0,015 =>
015 , 0
345 , 0 .
2
x
= 10
-7,23
=> x = 10
-8,13
<< 1,5.10
-2

=> CCl
-
. CAg
+
= 0,005.10
-8,13
= 10
-10,43
< 10
-10
vy khng c kt ta AgCl. ( 1,0 im)
2/ Thm 1 ml HCl 0,5M vo dung dch X.
CH
+
= CCl
-
=
4
1 . 50 , 0
= 0,125M
NH
3
+ H
+
NH
4
+
K = 10
9,24

C
0
0,345 0,125 0,125
Cn 0,22 0,125
Ag(NH
3
)
2
+
Ag
+
+ 2NH
3
| = 10
-7,23
B 0,015 0,22
Cb (0,015-x) x 0,22+ 2x

) 015 , 0 (
) 2 22 , 0 (
2
x
x x
+
= 10
-7,23
Gi s x<<0,015 =>
015 , 0
22 , 0 .
2
x
= 10
-7,23
=> x= 10
-7,74
<< 1,5.10
-2
CCl
-
. CAg
+
= 0,125.10
-7,74
= 10
-8,64
> 10
-10
vy xut hin kt ta AgCl. (1,0 im)

Bi 4:( 2 im)
C
0
Cu
2+
=
5 , 0
01
= 0,2M ; C
0
NH
3
=
5 , 0
2
= 4M
NH
3
+ H
2
O NH
4
+
+ OH
-
K = 10
-4,8
(1)
Cu
2+
+ 4NH
3
Cu(NH
4
)
4
2+
| = 2.10
13
(2)
V: | >> K => b qua cn bng (1) (0,5 im)
Cu
2+
+ 4NH
3
Cu(NH
4
)
4
2+
| = 2.10
13

B: 0,2 4 0
P: (0,2-x) 4(0,2-x) (0,2-x)
Cb: x (4-[4(0,2-x)]) (0,2-x)
| |
4
) 2 , 0 ( 4 4 .
) 2 , 0 (
x x
x

= 2.10
13
Gi s x<<0,2 =>
4
) 8 , 0 4 .(
2 , 0
x
= 2.10
13

Gii c x = 10
-16,02
<< 0,2 (1,50 im)
Bi 5: (4,0 im)
Gi khi lng phn t X l M
X
; khi lng Br
2
tham gia phn ng cng: 160n.
X
M
n 100 . 160
= 246,15 => M
X
= 65n. => CTGN ca X l C
5
H
5
, CTPT: (C
5
H
5
)
n
(0,5 im)
bt bo ho trong X:
2
5 2 10 n n +
=
2
2 5 + n

Tho mn khi n chn,V M
X
< 196 => n=2 (0,5 im)
CTPT X l C
10
H
10
vi bt bo ho l 6 => X phn ng c vi 2 mol Br
2
=> X c 2 lin kt t
ngoi mch h, 4 lin kt t cn li to vng thm. V X c kh nng phn ng vi etylen => Y; 2 lin
kt mch h to h lin hp ( tng t butadien-1,3).
Vy CTCT c th c ca X l: ( 1,0 im)
C
6
H
5
-CH=CH-CH=CH
2
v CH
2
=CH-C=CH
2

(X) (X) C
6
H
5

Phn ng vi etylen, H
2
: ( 1,0 im) mi phng trnh cho 0,25 im

Xc nh X, Y, X, Y, Z: (0,5 im)
2/ Phng trnh phn ng X vi HBr: (0,5 im)
C
6
H
5
-CH=CH-CH=CH
2
+ HBr C
6
H
5
-CHBr-CH
2
-CH=CH
2

CH
2

CH CH
2
(Y)
CH CH
2
CH
H C
6
H
5

C
6
H
5

+ H
2
(Z)

H C
6
H
5
H C
6
H
5

C
6
H
5
CH
2
C
6
H
5

CH CH
2

(Y)
CH CH
2

CH
2

*

+

+



Tap de Thi HSG Hoa 11

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Copyright:

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Tap de Thi HSG Hoa 11

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Trng THPT K Thut L Thy Tuyn tp thi HSG Ha 11

Gio vin:Nguyn Cao Chung - 1 - Bin son v su tm!

) li tip tc xy ra v sau Cu cn li phi tan ht

tham gia lin hp, lm bn ha lin kt nhiu hn.

=0,30% ; %(p) = 66,65%

(n=1) Vy KL l Ag . Vi n= 2 khng tho mn

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