H Long Phi 8-2011

Khi nim v mu sc Mu sc trong k thut s phn gii s v dynamic range Nhng nhn xt quan trng Ho h mu hp Qun l mu Khng gian mu (color space) gg ( p ) phn gii mu (color depth) Color setting Monitor calibration Kim tra trn monitor (Proof set up) In nh s Qun l mu trn my in Cc quy trnh in nh 2

KHI NiM V MU SC Ni S

Pixels:
Hnh nh ghi nhn h h h h c thng qua ma trn ca cc h im nh gi l Pixel. Cc Pixel ghi nhn mu sc thng qua:
B lc mu R-G-B Cng sng

Mi pixel i l c l tr theo cc ch kh nhau: lu h h khc h

3 x 8 bits = 24 bit mu (file Jpg) 3 x 16 bits = 48 bit mu (File Tiff, Psd)
4

 Cc pixel c lc qua filter mu b tr xen k.

VD: Sensor 16 Mp s cha 4Mp , 4 Mp xanh dng v 8 Mp xanh l cy. Do mu xanh l cy thng t b nhiu.

Sc ca mi pixel tu thuc vo cng sng thu nhn c. Kh nng phn bit sc ph thuc vo phn gii ca sensor (bitdepth)
5

Ni suy

 Khong cch gia cc pixel gy ra hin tng sai lch mu. Vic ni suy mu ca camera cng gy ra sai lch mu mu.

Bit depth 8 10 12 14 16

phn gii 2 8 2^8 2^10 2^12 2^14 2^16

Gi tr Min 0 0 0 0 0

Gi tr Max 255 1023 4095 16383 65535

 File Jpg (8 bits) c kh nng th hin 28 = 256 sc (level) khc nhau, nhau tng ng vi 256 x 256 x 256 =16 8 triu mu! =16.8 File TIFF, PSD c kh nng th hin 216 = 65535 => 28 ngn t mu!! My nh c kh nng ghi nhn 12-14 bit Monitor c kh nng th hin 8 bit, my in cn km hn Mt ngi thng khng phn bit qu 200 sc .

Ti sao cn nhiu bit? S bit tha l dnh cho vic x l nh.

9

Qu ti
S photon nhn c rt t. Gii hn di ghi nhn c bi camera c go l Read Noise. Nu s photon nhn c nh h gii h h hn ii hn Read Noise th sensor khng th phn bit c mu.

Qu sng
S lng photon ghi nhn c th hin sng (lightness). Khi Pixel khng ch s photon nhn h t h c, mt phn s b mt i (overflow). Trn bc nh s xut hin vng chy trng (. y g(

Qu sng
Pixel qu nh nn hin tng overflow xy ra kh sm, lm hn ch kh nng khi nhn tn hiu vng sng.

11

SRN cng nh th camera cng thu c nhiu photon trong vng ti.

 Thng s quan trng xc nh dynamic range l t s Signal-to-Noise (l t l ca tng s photon nhn c chia cho s photon b nhiu) SNR cng ln th tn hiu nhn c cng chnh xc, trnh phi ni suy.

 i vi cc camera hin i th A/D coverter chnh l ngun gc ch yu gy ra noise. h i i vi cc camera P&S th noise ch yu quyt nh bi sensor (Read Noise)

 Gii hn trn ca DR b hn ch bi chuyn i Analog-Digital ( y g g (A/D converter) ) ca b x l. DR ca camera k thut s hin vt kh xa so vi film.

Bitmap:

Cc file loi ny (BMP, PCX, PICT, GIF) lu tr cch thc trc tip nn c dung C fil l i (BMP PCX PICT l t h th t ti d lng kh ln

JPG-RAW:
JPEG: RAW:

Cc file nh s thng c lu tr di ch :

3 x 8 = 24bit (mi mu c lu tr bng 8 bit) 3 x 16 = 48bit (mi mu c lu tr bng 16 bit

Kh nng th hi mu: h hin

JPEG: RAW (TIFF, PSD):

S mu c kh nng th hin cho bi:

28 = 256 (0-255) 216 = 65536 (0-65535)

17

File JPG:
Lu tr theo ch 8 bit cho mi mu. Kh nng th hin mu l 28 = 256 sc cho mi mu. Dng thut ton nn nn mi ln x l cht lng nh li b thay i. Thut ton nn Jpg cng thc hin chnh Gamma v 2.2 (tng ng vi monitor CRT), do CRT) d khi th hi l monitor LCD s kh cn h hin ln i khng ng.

File RAW:
Lu tr theo ch 16 bit cho mi mu. Kh nng th hin l 216 = 65536 sc cho mi mu. Do khi x l file RAW t b hin tng gy (banding) mu.

File JPEG c kh nng ghi nhn s sc tng ng vi mt ngi, tuy nhin li nh hn nhiu so vi kh nng ghi nhn ca my nh (212 hoc 214) va kh nng x l ca my tnh (216 2 32). Do JPEG ch thch hp xut kt qu cui cng J p q g

18

Nn chp, lu tr v x l nh c phn gii p p g mu cao tng chnh xc. Kh nng ghi nhn, lu tr, x l v kt xut mu tu thuc vo tng thit b; trong my nh hin vn l thit b c phn gii mu tt nht nht. Nguyn tc chung l gi phn gii mu cng ln cng tt.

20

Color

R 1.000 0.500 0.000 1.000 .000 0.750 0.000 0.500 0.500 0.750 0.628 0.255 0.116 0.941 0.704 0.931 0.998 0.099 0.211 0.495

G 1.000 0.500 0.000 0.000 0.750 0.500 1.000 0.500 0.250 0.643 0.104 0.675 0.785 0.187 0.463 0.974 0.795 0.149 0.493

B 1.000 0.500 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1.000 1.000 0.750 0.142 0.918 0.255 0.053 0.897 0.316 0.532 0.591 0.597 0.721

T l bng nhau gia cc b h i mu cho ra nh trng en. Gi tr ca mi s ni ln bo ha mu (saturation).

21

Lin tc

Tng phn
22

23

24

25

26

27

28

HUE:
C 5 HUE chun da trn 5 mu chnh:

purple. CHROMA: Sc

, yellow, g , green, blue v , red, y

Cn gi l SATURATION hay COLOR INTENSITY.

Mi ng ni t White n mt im mu chun s cho ra mt HUE

Mi v tr trn ng ni t White n mt im mu chun s tng ng vi cc SATURATION

29

Mu chun c ghi nhn bi camera v ph thuc ht lng sensor + gii th t ni suy th vo cht l ii thut i Saturation cng ph thuc v cht l S i h h h lng sensor v bit-depth. Vic x l bng photoshop khng bao gi thay th c mt camera full frame frame.

30

Gamut: L vng mu m mt phng tin nh Film, Printer, Monitor, Projector c th ti hin ra c. Cc mu khng th hin c trn mt phng tin no c gi l vt G Gamut ( (out of G f Gamut). )

31

RGB:
s dng 3 mu cn bn RED-GREEN-BLUE, mi mu c th hin 2n mc (n l s bit mu). sRGB l khng gian mu c Gamut nh, thch hp cho WEB Adobe RGB (1998) c Gamut rng hn, thch hp cho vic th hin cc nh cht lng cao v in n. Apple RGB, ColorMatch RGB khng cn thng dng.

32

g ) CMYK ( y (Cyan-Magenta-Yellow-blacK)
S dng 4 mu cn bn nh thng thy cc my in phun. CMYK c Gamut nh hn RGB, do vic chuyn i t my tnh sang my in thng b sai lch mu.

33

34

Mi thit b c mt G h b Gamut kh nhau, trong my in thng l thit b khc h h l h b c Gamut nh nht. Chuyn i mu sc qua li gia cc thit b c th lm mt thng tin mu. y q g g Mt s mu c th th hin trn thit b ny nhng khng th hin c trn thit b kia. Adobe RGB l khng gian mu tng i rng, nn chn khi chp v x l nh. Ch sau khi x l xong hy chuyn i sang cc KGM khc (nh hn) upload trn Internet hay in. Mt s mu c th in (theo ch CYMK) nhng khng th thy c trn monitor (sRGB) (sRGB).
35

R G B R G B R G B R G B

106 81 67 194 121 48 54 62 149 242 241 236

Adobe (1998) 182 103 95 129 149 122 108 128 130 154 69 174 79 170 84 167 91 85 62 186 162 97 105 73 101 152 228 164 148 48 199 83 76 58 55 144 200 159 122 84 200 160 121 84 199 159 120 84

133 189 170 213 162 57 63 134 163 53 53 53

Mu sc c th thay i thng s RGB tu theo h mu. Nhim v ca khng gian mu l tnh i cc gi tr ny sau cho bo ton mu sc
36

 GAMMA l h s quy nh t l gia sng ca mu gc (Input) v sng ca mu xut ra trn thit b (O (Output). ) File 8 bit: sng trn thit b = (Input level / 255) Gamma Gamma ca my nh v LCD l 1; Gamma ca monitor CRT l 2.2; Gamma ca MAC monitor (trc version 10.6) l 1.8 v 2.2 (sau version 10.6); Gamma ca sRGB v Adobe RGB l 2.2. Do vic chuyn i gia cc thit b c kh nng lm thay i sc ( sng ca mu). Tham kh t Th kho trang htt // http://www.gballard.net/psd/srgbforwww.html b ll d t/ d/ bf ht l hiu thm v Monitor ca Bn.

37

R G B R G B R G B R G B

sRGB 115 195 94 88 130 100 80 151 123 108 129 190 64 130 156 65 177 171 217 72 194 91 160 230 122 91 84 59 188 163 37 165 98 107 60 42 46 71 177 238 187 -49 60 150 44 200 82 135 153 69 56 27 148 166 243 201 161 122 242 201 161 122 237 201 161 121 83 83 83 50 49 50

38

http://www.normankoren.com/makingfineprints1A.html Vo website trn y download nh mu dng test Monitor v my in

39

Camera color profile: Adobe RGB Color management system: Adobe engine Monitor color profile: Monitor RGB

Printer color profile: Printer RGB

40

Cn chnh monitor theo hng dn tng bc (Step by step wizard) http://www.lagom.nl/lcd-test/contrast.php

41

Color Management: EDIT > COLOR SETTINGS

Working space: Adobe RGB 1998 cho ph mu rng, thch hp vi cc my nh DSLR DSLR. Color management: Convert to working space RGB chuyn v mt h mu thng nht. Conversion Options: Intent Perceptual: cho ph mu rng nht, nhng khng trung thc, nhiu mu s c th vt gamut ca my in. Intent Saturation: chuyn i mu theo hng sc s nhng khng chnh xc. Intent Relative Colorimetric: chuyn i mu theo hng bo ton mu sc. Intent Absolute Colorimetric: chuyn i mu theo hng ct b cc mu khng khng c sn. 42

Color mode:

Color mode RGB 16 bit ch chp nhn file TIFF hay PSD. Color mode RGB 8 bit chp nhn file JPG.

43

Chn Edit Profile.

Convert to

Chn Profile theo khai bo ca Lab (nu bit). Chn PROFILE sRGB nu phi gi nh. Kim tra li trn Monitor
Tng cng mu en khi chn Intent RELATIVE (xem trang 40) Gim hin tng gy mu bng cch thm vo cc chm Noise (p dng cho file 8 bit)

44

Mc ch ca vic qun l mu khi in l gim bt s khc bit khi chuyn i khng gian mu t RGB sang CMYK. Vic thu nh khng gian mu c th dn n sai lch.
45

Adobe RGB

sRGB

46

sRGB

Printer

47

Hin tng sai lch mu khi in so vi bn gc c th d cc nguyn nhn sau: do h

Monitor:
Gamma: LCD: 1; CRT: 2 2 2.2 Brightness Contrast In test vi my in c ICC chun

Gamut:
nh Adobe h Ad b RGB ph h cho vic chp v x l nhng h hp h i h h s b sai lch nhiu khi in ra do Gamut ca my in nh. nh sRGB s t b sai lch hn
48

 Ci t ICC ca my in Dng chc nng View > Proof setup > Custom v chn ICC ca loi my in v giy g Chn View > Proof Colors gi lp nh sau khi in. Chnh li nh sao cho tng i ging vi nh gc (ch yu l chnh Hue/Saturation/Lightness sao cho gn ging nht vi nh gc)
49

Sau khi x l xong trn file 16 bits hy save li bn gc. SAVE AS, chn color mode 8 bits. Chn View > Proof setup > Monitor RGB. Click vo Proof color kim tra v x l mu li nu cn trc khi upload.

50

 Print manages colors

p g Photoshop manages colors No color management

Perceptual
Relative S t ti Saturation Absolute

51

Color Management:

Printer manages Colors

Printer Profile: OFF. p dng cho t h kh bit g d h trng hp khng v ICC ca my in

52

Color Handling: Printer Profile:

Chn Photoshop manages colors

chn Printer ICC ph hp vi model my in g y v loi giy.

p dng cho trng hp mun kim sot hon ton qu trnh in

53

Khai bo cc ty chn trong Printing preferences sao cho ph hp: p

Loi giy s dng Cht lng nh Phng php 1 (trang 52): Chn Color/Intensity: AUTO Phng php 2 (trang 53): Color/Intensity: Manual, sau vo Set > set cc thng s v 0 (xem trang 54).

54

55

p dng cho phng php 2 (Photoshop manages Colors)

56

Bc 1: Lin h vi Lab tm hiu thng tin v Color Settings, loi my v giy

Working space mc nh l Adobe RGB hay sRGB? Hiu my in v model, nu c th xin file v ICC profile ca my in v loi giy.

Bc 2: Dng Proof Colors gi lp nh in ra ng vi loi my v giy chn hnh dung ra bc nh sau khi in.

Bc 3: Chnh sa Hue/Saturation b li phn b mt sao cho gn ging vi nh gc.

Bc 4: Convert file gc qua Working space ca my in (hoc sRGB) v giao file cho Lab. Nu c th cung cp cho Lab mt bc nh kh nh tham chiu.

Bc 5: Dn Lab cng t can thip cng tt.

57

Bc 1: Convert file gc qua Working space ca my in (thng l sRGB) (th RGB)

Bc 2: Chnh sa Hue/Saturation b li phn b mt sao cho gn ging vi nh gc.

Bc 3: giao file cho Lab. Nu c th cung cp cho Lab mt bc nh kh nh tham chiu.

58

1: File b chuyn Working space: sRGB

sRGB => AdobeRGB: nh s gi nguyn RGB > Ad b RGB h i AdobeRGB => sRGB: nh s tr nn nht hn

AdobeRGB

2: Khai bo Color Management ca my in

Photoshop manages colors: l trng hp l tng Printer manages colors: s nguy him nu Lab tc ng nhiu ln nh gc

Rt kh d on c kt qu in nu khng bit c cch khai bo thng dng Lab.

59

Adobe RGB (1998)

Adobe RGB (1998)

Monitor RGB proof color f l

My nh
Cho php ghi nhn ph mu rng hn sRGB

Photoshop
Cho php x l trn ph mu rng hn sRGB

Monitor / Web upload

Cho php xem kim tra nh trc khi upload (sRGB)

My In y
Chuyn i mu t Adobe RGB sang CMYK ca my in mt cch chnh xc nht.

ICC ca my in

60

Adobe RGB (1998)

Adobe RGB (1998)

Lab Printer ICC proof color

My nh

Photoshop

Monitor

Convert qua Working space ca Lab (nu bit)

Lab Lab Printer ICC

61

62