Subnetting

Chia Subnet:
Xt mt a ch IP class B, 150.12.0.0, vi subnet mask l
255.255.0.0 (c th vit l: 150.12.0.0/16, y s 16 c
ngha l 16 bits c dng cho Network_ID).
Mt Network vi a ch th ny c th cha 65,534 nodes
hay computers (65,534 = (216 2 ) .
Gi s chng ta chia ci Network ny ra lm 4 Subnet. Cng
vic s bao gm ba bc:
1)
Xc nh Subnet mask mi
2)
Lit k ID ca cc Subnet mi ny
3)
Cho bit IP Range ca cc Host_ID trong mi
Subnet
Bc 1: Xc nh Subnet mask mi
m cho n 4 trong h thng nh phn (cho 4 Subnet) ta
cn 2 bits. Cng thc tng qut l:
Y = 2X
m

Y = con s Subnets (= 4)
X = s bits cn thm (= 2) sao cho 2X= 4
subnet)

(4

Do Subnet mask s cn 16 (bits trc y) +2 (bits mi)

= 18 bits
a ch IP mi s l 150.12.0.0/18 ( con s 18 thay v
16 nh trc y).
Con s hosts ti a c trong mi Subnet s l: (214 2) =
16,382. (tc l b i 18 bit Net_id trn v ly 14 bit host_id
cn li)

V tng s cc hosts trong 4 Subnets l: 16382 * 4 = 65,528

hosts.
Bc 2: Lit k ID ca cc Subnet mi
Trong a ch IP mi (150.12.0.0/18) con s 18 ni n vic
ta dng 18 bits, m t bn tri, ca 32 bit IP address
biu din a ch IP ca mt Subnet.
Subnet mask trong dng nh
phn
11111111 11111111 11000000
00000000

Subnet
mask
255.255.19
2.0

Nh th NetworkID ca bn Subnets mi c l (lit k tt c

cc trng hp ca 2 bit 11, ch s dng bit 0 v 1)
Subn
et
1
2
3
4

Subnet ID trong dng nh

phn
10010110.00001100.00000000.
00000000
10010110.00001100.01000000.
00000000
10010110.00001100.10000000.
00000000
10010110.00001100.11000000.
00000000

Subnet ID
150.12.0.0/18
150.12.64.0/18
150.12.128.0/18
150.12.192.0/18

Bc 3: Cho bit IP address range ca cc HostID

trong mi Subnet
V Subnet ID dng ht 18 bits nn s bits cn li (32-18=
14) c dng cho HostID.
Nh ci lut dng cho Host ID l tt c mi bits khng th
u l 0 hay 1.
Subne HostID IP address trong dng nh
t
phn
1
10010110.00001100.00000000.000000
01

HostID IP address
Range
150.12.0.1/18
-150.12.63.254/18

10010110.00001100.00111111.111111
10
10010110.00001100.01000000.000000
01
10010110.00001100.01111111.111111
10
10010110.00001100.10000000.000000
01
10010110.00001100.10111111.111111
10
10010110.00001100.11000000.000000
01
10010110.00001100.11111111.111111
10

150.12.64.1/18
-150.12.127.254/18
150.12.128.1/18
-150.12.191.254/18
150.12.192.0/18
150.12.255.254

Chia Host:
Bn c th dng Class C IP address cho mt mng gm 4000
computers c khng? Cu tr li l C. Ch cn lm
mt bi ton nh.
Gi t ci IP address l 192.168.1.1. Thay v bt u vi
Subnet mask, trc ht chng ta tnh xem mnh cn bao
nhiu bits cho 4000 hosts.
Con s hosts ta c th c trong mt network c tnh bng
cng thc:
Y = (2X 2)
Nh ci lut dng cho Host ID l tt c mi bits khng th
u l 0 hay 1.
4094 = (212 2)
X = 12 , ta cn 12 bits cho HostIDs, do Subnet mask s
chim 20 (=32-12) bits.