Mn: Tng quan v vin thng Cu 1: cc thnh phn v nguyn l hot ng ca h thng ADSL Cu 2: mng th h sau l g?

cu trc cc lp ca mng th h sau ? Cu 3: cc u im ca Ipv6 so vi Ipv4 ? Cu 1. Cc thnh phn v nguyn l hot ng ca h thng ADSL 1.1. nh ngha ADSL
ADSL (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line) - l ng thu bao s khng i xng, k thut truyn c s dng trn ng dy t modem ca thu bao ti Nh cung cp dch v.

Hiu mt cch n gin nht, ADSL l s thay th vi tc cao cho thit b modem hoc ISDN gip truy nhp Internet vi tc cao v nhanh hn.

1.2.

Cc thnh phn ca h thng ADSL

1.2.1. Moderm ADSL

Moderm ADSL kt ni vo ng dy in thoi (cn gi l Local loop) v ng dy ny ni ti thit b tng i ni ht. Modem ADSL s dng kt hp mt lot cc k thut x l tn hiu tin tin nhm t c tc bng thng cn thit trn ng dy in thoi thng thng vi khong cch ti vi km gia thu bao v tng i ni ht. Mt s loi modem ADSL thng dng ti Vit Nam:

 DrayTek Vigor318: c kch thc nh gn, c bc bng v nha mu xanh bn trong nn c th nhn thy c cc mch in bn trong. Giao tip bng cng USB. Bo hnh 1 nm, gi 65 USD. Zoom Modem ADSL 5510: c tch hp sn Splitter v km theo 2 filter, giao tip bng cng USB. Kch thc nh gn, bo hnh 2 nm. gi 95 USB (c VAT). Zoom ADSL X5 w/4: giao tip qua cng giao tip ngoi bng card mng. Tch hp tng la (firewall) v Splitter. Nh gn, bo hnh 2 nm. Gi 84 USD (bao gm VAT).

1.2.2. Mch vng / Local Loop

'Local loop' l thut ng dng ch cc ng dy in thoi bnh thng ni t v tr ngi s dng ti cng ty in thoi.

Nguyn nhn xut hin thut ng local- loop l ngi nghe (in thoi) c kt ni vo hai ng dy m nu nhn t tng i in thoi th chng to ra mt mch vng local loop.

1.2.3. CC THNH PHN ADSL T PHA NH CUNG CP DCH V

Nh cung cp dch v gm c ba thnh phn quan trng: DSLAM - DSL Access Multiplexer. BAS - Broadband Access Server. ISP - Internet Service Provider.

DSLAM l g ?

DSLAM (Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer) - B dn knh truy nhp ng thu bao s - l mt thit b u cui DSL c t ti a im ca nh cung cp dch v mng. DSLAM tp trung lung d liu t cc mch vng DSL v t hp thnh tc cao hn nh tc T1, E1 hoc tc ATM ca OC-3 (155 Mbps)....ri a ti Internet hay mng d liu.

DSLAM l thit b t pha tng i, l im cui ca kt ni ADSL. N cha v s cc modem ADSL b tr v mt pha hng ti cc mch vng v pha kia l kt ni cp quang. BAS l g ? BAS (Broadband Access Server) l thit b t gia DSLAM v POP ca ISP. Mt

thit b BAS c th phc v cho nhiu DSLAM. Cc giao thc truyn thng c ng gi truyn d liu thng qua kt ni ADSL, v vy mc ch ca BAS l m gi hon tr li cc giao thc trc khi i vo Internet. N cng m bo cho kt ni ca bn ti ISP c chnh xc ging nh khi bn s dng modem quay s hoc ISDN. ISP l g?

ISP (Internet Service Provider): nh cung cp dch v Internet (WWW, email, ftp, telnet...). Vit Nam hin nay c cc nh cung cp dch v Internet nh: VDC, FPT, NetNam...

1.3.

C ch hot ng

ADSL tm cch khai thc phn bng thng tng t cn cha c s dng trn ng dy ni t thu bao ti tng i ni ht. ng dy ny c thit k truyn ti ni ht. ng dy ny c thit k truyn ti di ph tn s (frequency spectrum) chim bi cuc thoi bnh thng. Tuy nhin, n cng c th truyn ti cc tn s cao hn di ph tng i hn ch dnh cho thoi. l di ph m ADSL s dng.

Thoi c bn s dng di tn s t 300 Hz ti 3,400 Hz. D liu thoi v d liu ADSL chia x cng mt ng dy thu bao. Trn thc t, cc splitter c s dng m bo d liu v thoi khng xm phm ln nhau trn ng truyn. Cc tn s m mch vng c th truyn ti, hay ni cch khc l khi lng d liu c th truyn ti, s ph thuc vo cc nhn t sau: Khong cch t tng i ni ht. Kiu v dy ng dy. Kiu v s lng cc mi ni trn ng dy.

Mt cc ng dy chuyn ti ADSL, ISDN v cc tn hiu phi thoi khc.

Mt cc ng dy chuyn ti tn hiu radio.

Cu 2. Mng th h sau l g? Cu trc cc lp mng th h sau

2.1. Mng th h sau l g ? nh ngha: Mng th h sau (NGN: Next Generation Network) l mng c c s h

tng thng tin duy nht v da trn cng ngh chuyn mch gi. Trin khai dch v 1 cch a dng nhanh chng, p ng s hi t gia thoi v d liu, gia c nh v di ng. Tn gi ca NGN: + Mng a dch v + Mng hi t + Mng phn lp NGN ko l loi mng mi m l s pht trin c s k tha v s dng cc h tng sn c a ra cc dch v ti u cho ngi SD, a ra kin ti u s dng h tng.

2.2. cu trc ca mng th h sau

- Lp truy nhp - Lp truyn ti - Lp iu khin - Lp ng dng & dv - Lp qun l 2.2.1. Lp truy nhp: Chc nng: cung cp kt ni gia thit b u cui v mng ng trc (ph thuc lp truyn ti) qua cng giao tip thch hp. + Cng MG (media gateway) + Tb u cui (thu bao ca mng NGN) in thoi POTS (thoi thng thng), IP, ISDN, di ng, tng i PBX, VoIP hoc VoDSL. Thnh phn: Cc thit b truy nhp cung cp cc cng kt ni thu bao qua h thng mng ngoi vi (cp ng, cp quang hay v tuyn) Cng truy nhp: VoIP, FR, ATM, DSL. Chuyn i cc phng tin truy nhp khc nhau vo mng ng trc, trao i cc thng tin v tuyn: GSM, CDMA, WLL. Hu tuyn: Cp ng x DSL 2.2.2 Lp truyn ti: Thnh phn: - Cc nt chuyn mch, cc b nh tuyn v cc thit b truyn dn - N hot ng di s iu khin ca chuyn mch mm v chuyn mch cng trong lp nh tuyn tn hiu dc chuyn mch v nh tuyn. Lp li (core):

- Truyn dn: SHD, WDM - Chuyn mch: ATM/IP, MPLS Cc chuyn mch dc trang b cng ngh ATM/IP v mng chuyn mch gm 2 lp: + c/m lp li: dng x l cc cuc gi lin vng v quc t. + c/m lp bin: mc ch gim chuyn mch ni ht v thay th bng tng i chuyn mch a dch v. MPLS: l s kt hp ca ATM v IP s dng c ch hon i nhn nh trong ATM tng tc truyn gi tin m ko cn thay i giao thc nh tuyn ca IP. Chuyn mch quang: da trn nguyn tc chuyn mch quang phn chia theo thi gian, kgian, hay bc sng. Truyn dn: cc lp vt l ang dc trin khai s dng truyn daaxn quang vi k thut ghp knh bc sng quang. - Lp 1: lp vt l - Lp 2 v 3: chuyn mch gi, km theo c cht kim sot QoS tip tc s dng truyn dn SDH, hon thin v nng cp cc h thng truyn dn. - Xu hng tin ti XD 1 mng truyn ti OTN, mang dc tt c lu lng ATM/IP trong mng. 2.2.3. Lp iu khin: Thnh phn: - Thnh phn chnh ca lp iu khin l chuyn mch mm. Chuyn mch mm c chc nng: kt ni vi cc thnh phn khc kt ni cuc gi hay qun l a ch IP. - B iu khin cng truyn thong MGC - Tc nhn cuc gi Chc nng: - iu khin kt ni cuc gi thng qua vic iu khin cc thit b chuyn mch v iu khin cc thit b truy nhp. - Lp iu khin dc t chc vo 1 cp cho ton mng - Chc nng iu khin dc phn b theo vng lu lng. - Lp diu khin lin kt u cui vi lp ng dng v dv cho nn n cng thc hin chc nng qun l chm sc khch hng, tnh cc. - Ngoi ra lp khin cn c chc nng nh 1 HT cng gateway nhm qun l kt ni, qun l mg, khai bo vo qun l dch v. 2.2.4.ng dng v dch v: - Chc nng cung cp dch v n ngi SD 1 cch thng nht v ng b - Dc t chc tnh 1 cp trong ton mng. - Lp ng dng v dch v lin kt vi lp iu khin thng qua giao din m API. - Cung cp dch v c bng thng khc nhau v kiu dch v khc nhau, 1 s dch v truy nhp trc tip ti lp ng dng, 1 s khc iu khin t lp iu khin nh dch v thoi truyn thng. 2.2.5. Lp qun l:

L lp xuyn sut cc lp pha trn, thc hin 3 chc nng chnh: qun l mng, qun l dch v v qun l kinh doanh.

Cu 3. u im ca IPv6 so vi IPv4
1. M rng ca khng gian a ch a ch ca IPv6 bao gm 128bit so vi 32bit ca a ch IPv4. Vi phm vi ca a ch IPv6, vic cung cp a ch tr nn thoi mi hn rt nhiu. V mt l thuyt, 128bit a ch c kh nng 2. Kt cu a ch nh tuyn c phn cp hiu qu. Cc bng nh tuyn trn cc router backbone s gn nh hn nhiu. 3. Dng header mi Phn Header ca IPv6 c gim xung ti mc ti thiu bng vic chuyn tt c cc trng ph thuc hoc khng cn thit xung phn header cn li nm ngay sau phn header ca IPv6. Vic t chc hp l phn header ny lm tng hiu qu x l ti cc router trung gian. 4. T ng cu hnh a ch Tng t nh IPv4, IPv6 cng cung cp kh nng cu hnh a ch t ng DHCP, ngoi ra cn a thm kh nng t ng cu hnh a ch khi khng c DHCP Server. Trong mt mng, cc host c th t ng cu hnh a ch ca n bng cch s dng IPv6 5. Bo mt : H tr IPSec c h tr ngay bn thn ca IPv6. Yu cu bt buc ny nh l mt tiu chun cho an ninh mng, ng thi m rng kh nng lm vic c vi nhau ca cc loi sn phm. 6. Cht lng dch v tt hn (QoS) : Phn header ca IPv6 c a thm mt s trng mi. Trng nhn lung (Flow Label) IPv6 header c dng nh nhn cho cc lung d liu. T cc router c th c nhng x l khc nhau vi cc gi tin thuc cc lung d liu khc nhau. 7. Kh nng m rng tt : IPv6 c kh nng m rng tt bng vic s dng phn header m rng ngay sau phn IPv6 header. iu ny cho php thm vo cc chc nng mng mi. Khng ging nh IPv4, phn la chn ch c 40 byte th vi IPv6, phn m rng ch b hn ch bi kch thc ca gi tin IPv6.