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B TI NGUYN V MI TRNG CC THM NH V NH GI TC NG MI TRNG

HNG DN LP BO CO NH GI TC NG MI TRNG D N XY DNG BI CHN LP CHT THI RN SINH HOT

H Ni, 10/2009

Li ni u Tun th Lut Bo v Mi trng v cc vn bn di lut, cng tc bo v mi trng ni chung v nh gi tc ng mi trng ni ring c trin khai thc hin trn a bn c nc. T nm 1994 n nay, nhiu d n u t lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng, c Hi ng thm nh cc cp t Trung ng ti a phng t chc thm nh v cp Quyt nh ph chun. Ni dung ch yu ca mt bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng c nu trong Ngh nh 175/CP ngy 18/10/1994 ca Chnh ph hng dn thi hnh Lut Bo v Mi trng 1993 trc y v trong Thng t 08/2006/TT-BTNMT ngy 08/09/2006 ca B Ti nguyn v Mi trng hng dn v nh gi mi trng chin lc, nh gi tc ng mi trng v cam kt bo v mi trng theo quy nh ca Ngh nh 80/2006/N-CP v Lut Bo v Mi trng 2005. Tuy nhin, y l nhng quy nh chung v ni dung i vi bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng ca tt c cc lnh vc sn xut v dch v, trong khi nhiu lnh vc, nhiu ngnh khc nhau c nhng c th ring c v tnh cht ngun thi, c v quy m v phm vi tc ng mi trng. iu i hi cn phi c nhng hng dn lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng ring cho tng ngnh, tng lnh vc c th nhm nng cao cht lng bo co cng nh cht lng thm nh. Vi mc ch nu trn, t nm 1998 n nay, Cc Mi trng (thuc B khoa hc, Cng ngh v Mi trng) trc y v V Thm nh v nh gi tc ng mi trng (thuc B Ti nguyn v Mi trng) hin nay phi hp vi mt s c quan chuyn mn t chc nghin cu, bin son cc hng dn lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng chuyn ngnh. Cc hng dn ny khi ban hnh nhn c nhiu s ng h v gp ca cc nh khoa hc, cc nh qun l, cc t chc t vn, cc t chc ti chnh v cc doanh nghip. Tip theo cc hng dn ban hnh, B Ti nguyn v Mi trng xin gii thiu bn Hng dn lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n Xy dng v vn hnh bi chn lp cht thi rn sinh hot Trong qu trnh p dng vo thc t, nu c kh khn vng mc xin kp thi phn nh v V Thm nh v nh gia tc ng mi trng theo a ch: CC THM NH V NH GI TC NG MI TRNG B TI NGUYN V MI TRNG S 83 Nguyn Ch Thanh, H Ni T 04-7734247, Fax: 04-7734198

Hng dn lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n Xy dng v vn hnh bi chn lp cht thi rn sinh hot - D tho cp nht theo Thng t s05/2008-TT BTNMT

MC LC

GII THIU.................................................................................................................. 6 1. Gii thiu ................................................................................................................. 6 2. Cc c s php l v k thut thc hin TM ........................................................ 6 2.1. C s php l .................................................................................................... 6 2.2. C s k thut ................................................................................................... 8 2.3. Phng php thc hin TM ........................................................................... 8 3. Quy trnh TM ........................................................................................................ 9 4. Ni dung ca bo co TM .................................................................................... 9 5. i tng s dng bn hng dn lp bo co TM cc d n Xy dng v vn hnh bi chn lp cht thi rn sinh hot .................................................................. 10 M U ...................................................................................................................... 11 1. Xut x ca d n.................................................................................................. 11 2. Cn c php lut v k thut ca vic thc hin nh gi tc ng mi trng .. 11 Cc cn c php lut.................................................................................................. 11 Cc cn c k thut ................................................................................................... 11 Cc ti liu khc ........................................................................................................ 11 3. Phng php p dng trong qu trnh TM ......................................................... 11 4. T chc thc hin TM ........................................................................................ 11 CHNG 1. M T TM TT D N ................................................................ 12 1.1. Tn d n ............................................................................................................ 12 1.2. Ch d n ........................................................................................................... 12 1.3. V tr a l d n................................................................................................ 12 1.4. Ni dung ch yu ca d n ............................................................................... 13 1.4.1. Mc ch v phm vi hot ng ca d n.................................................. 13 1.4.2. Cc li ch kinh t x hi ca d n ......................................................... 14 1.4.3. Qui trnh vn hnh bi chn lp rc ........................................................... 14 1.4.4. Nhu cu nguyn vt liu .............................................................................. 14 1.4.5. Mt bng tng th ca d n ....................................................................... 14 1.4.6. H tng k thut ca d n.......................................................................... 15 1.4.7. Chi ph u t d n .................................................................................... 18 1.4.8. T chc qun l d n ................................................................................. 19 1.4.9. Tin thc hin d n ............................................................................... 19 CHNG 2. IU KIN T NHIN, MI TRNG V KINH T - X HI ....................................................................................................................................... 21 2.1. Nguyn tc chung ............................................................................................... 21 2.1.1. iu kin t nhin v mi trng ................................................................ 21 2.1.2. iu kin kinh t x hi ............................................................................ 22 2.2. Cc vn trng tm .......................................................................................... 22 2.3. Kho st v nh gi mi trng nn ................................................................. 22 2.3.1. Thu thp, o c v phn tch cc thng s mi trng nn ...................... 22 2.3.2. X l s liu mi trng nn ....................................................................... 27
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Hng dn lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n Xy dng v vn hnh bi chn lp cht thi rn sinh hot - D tho cp nht theo Thng t s05/2008-TT BTNMT

2.3.3. nh gi s liu mi trng nn ................................................................. 34 CHNG 3. NH GI TC NG MI TRNG ........................................ 35 3.1. Nguyn tc chung ............................................................................................... 35 3.2. Xc nh ngun gy tc ng ............................................................................. 35 3.2.1. Ngun gy tc ng c lin quan n cht thi .......................................... 35 3.2.2. Ngun gy tc ng khng lin quan n cht thi .................................... 36 3.2.3. Nhng ri ro v s c mi trng do d n gy ra..................................... 37 3.3. i tng chu tc ng v quy m tc ng .................................................... 37 3.3.1. i tng chu tc ng .............................................................................. 37 3.3.2. Quy m tc ng .......................................................................................... 37 3.4. nh gi tc ng ............................................................................................... 48 3.4.1. nh gi tnh hp l v d n ..................................................................... 48 3.4.2. nh gi tc ng trong giai on n b v gii phng mt bng........... 49 3.4.3. nh gi tc ng trong giai on xy dng h tng c s ....................... 49 3.4.4. nh gi tc ng trong giai on khai thc v vn hnh ......................... 52 3.4.5. nh gi tc ng trong giai on ng ca bi rc ................................. 58 CHNG 4. BIN PHP GIM THIU TC NG XU, PHNG NGA V NG PH S C MI TRNG ................................................................... 60 4.1. Nguyn tc chung ............................................................................................... 60 4.2. Cc bin php gim thiu trong giai on n b v gii phng mt bng ....... 60 4.3. Cc bin php gim thiu trong giai on xy dng h tng c s.................... 61 4.4. Cc bin php gim thiu trong giai on khai thc v vn hnh ...................... 62 4.4.1. Gim thiu nhim khng kh ..................................................................... 62 4.4.2. Gim thiu nhim do nc thi ................................................................ 62 4.4.3. Gim thiu nhim do cht thi rn v cht thi nguy hi ........................ 63 4.4.4. Gim thiu cc tc ng n mi trng vn ha - x hi ......................... 63 4.4.6. Gim thiu s c mi trng ....................................................................... 63 CHNG 5. CHNG TRNH QUN L V GIM ST MI TRNG ... 64 5.1. Nguyn tc chung ............................................................................................... 64 5.2. Chng trnh qun l mi trng ....................................................................... 64 5.3. Chng trnh gim st mi trng ..................................................................... 64 a. Gim st cht thi .................................................................................................. 64 b. Gim st mi trng xung quanh .......................................................................... 66 c. Gim st ng ca bi () chn lp rc ................................................................. 69 CHNG 6. THAM VN KIN CNG NG ................................................ 71 6.1. Thu thp cc thng tin v kinh t - x hi .......................................................... 71 6.2. Ly kin ca chnh quyn cp x v cc vn mi trng........................... 71 CHNG 7. CU TRC BO CO TM I VI D N XY DNG V VN HNH BI CHN LP CHT THI RN SINH HOT .......................... 72 10.1. M u .............................................................................................................. 72 10.2. Chng 1: M t tm tt d n ........................................................................ 72

Hng dn lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n Xy dng v vn hnh bi chn lp cht thi rn sinh hot - D tho cp nht theo Thng t s05/2008-TT BTNMT

10.3. Chng 2: iu kin t nhin, mi trng v kinh t - x hi ........................ 72 10.4. Chng 3: nh gi tc ng mi trng ........................................................ 73 10.5. Chng 4: Bin php gim thiu tc ng xu, phng nga v ng ph s c mi trng ................................................................................................................. 74 10.6. Chng 5: Chng trnh qun l v gim st mi trng ............................... 74 10.7. Chng 6: Tham vn kin cng ng ........................................................... 75 10.11. Kt lun v kin ngh...................................................................................... 75 TI LIU THAM KHO .......................................................................................... 77 PH LC ..................................................................................................................... 78 1. M HNH D BO NHIM NGUN NC ............................................... 79 2. NGUYN L M HNH POLLUTEv7............................................................... 88 3. MT S THNG TIN V QU TRNH ST LN CA BI () CHN LP RC ........................................................................................................................... 93 4. CC TIU CHUN NH GI HIU QU CA H THNG X L NC THI.......................................................................................................................... 96 5. MU PHIU IU TRA X HI HC ............................................................. 97

Hng dn lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n Xy dng v vn hnh bi chn lp cht thi rn sinh hot - D tho cp nht theo Thng t s05/2008-TT BTNMT

GII THIU 1. Gii thiu Theo Ngh nh 80/2006/N-CP v vic quy nh chi tit v hng dn thi hnh mt s iu ca lut Bo v Mi trng 2005, cc d n Xy dng v vn hnh bi chn lp cht thi rn sinh hot qui m cho t 500 h dn tr ln hoc quy m cp huyn (mc 79 ph lc Ban hnh km theo Ngh nh s 21/2008/N-CP ) v D n ti ch, x l cht thi rn cc loi, D n xy dng bi chn lp cht thi cng nghip, cht thi nguy hi mi qui m (mc 77, 78 ph lc Ban hnh km theo Ngh nh s 21/2008/N-CP) thuc d n phi lp bo co TM, trong d n x l, ti ch v chn lp cht thi nguy hi theo bng Danh mc cc d n phi lp bo co TM v trnh np thm nh ti B Ti nguyn v Mi trng (theo mc 10, ph lc II N 80). Vic xy dng bn hng dn k thut v TM v lp bo co TM cho cc d n loi ny l mt nhim v cp thit. 2. Cc c s php l v k thut thc hin TM 2.1. C s php l C s php l thc hin TM l cc vn bn php quy ca Nh nc, Chnh ph, B Ti nguyn v Mi trng v ca chnh quyn a phng ni thc hin d n. Di y xin dn ra cc vn bn lin quan n TM ca Nh nc, Chnh ph v B Ti nguyn v Mi trng: 1. Lut u t 2005 c k hp th 8 Quc hi kho XI thng qua ngy 29 thng 11 nm 2005; 2. Lut Bo v mi trng 2005 c k hp th 8 Quc hi kho XI thng qua ngy 19/11/2005; 3. Ngh nh s 108/2006/N-CP ngy 22/9/2006 ca Chnh ph v vic quy nh chi tit v hng dn thi hnh mt s iu ca Lut u t; 4. Ngh nh s 80/2006/N-CP ngy 9/8/2006 ca Chnh ph v vic quy nh chi tit v hng dn thi hnh mt s diu ca Lut Bo v mi trng; 5. Ngh nh 81/2006/N-CP ngy 9/8/2006 ca Chnh ph quy nh v x pht vi phm hnh chnh trong lnh vc bo v mi trng; 6. Ngh nh 21/2008/N-CP ngy 28/02/2008 ca Chnh ph V sa i, b sung mt s iu ca Ngh nh s 80/2006/N-CP ngy 09 thng 8 nm 2006 ca Chnh ph v vic quy nh chi tit v hng dn thi hnh mt s iu ca Lut Bo v mi trng 7. Ngh nh s 68/2005/N-CP ngy 20/5/2005 ca Chnh ph v an ton ha cht; 8. Ngh nh s 59/2007/N-CP ngy 9/4/2007 ca Chnh ph v qun l cht thi rn; 9. Ngh nh s 149/2004/N-CP ngy 27/7/2004 ca Chnh ph quy nh vic cp php thm d, khai thc, s dng ti nguyn nc, x nc thi vo ngun nc;

Hng dn lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n Xy dng v vn hnh bi chn lp cht thi rn sinh hot - D tho cp nht theo Thng t s05/2008-TT BTNMT

10. Ngh nh s 67/2003/N-CP ngy 13/06/2003 ca Chnh Ph v Ph bo v mi trng i vi nc thi; 11. Ngh nh s 04/2007/N-CP ngy 08/01/2007 ca Chnh Ph v vic Sa i, b sung mt s iu ca Ngh nh s 67/2003/N-CP ngy 13/06/2003 ca Chnh Ph v Ph bo v mi trng i vi nc thi; 12. Thng t s 05/2008/TT-BTNMT ngy 8/12/2008 ca B Ti nguyn v Mi trng v nh gi mi trng chin lc, nh gi tc ng mi trng v cam kt bo v mi trng; 13. Thng t s 12/2006/TT-BTNMT ngy 26/12/2006 ca B Ti nguyn v Mi trng hng dn iu kin hnh ngh v th tc lp h s, ng k cp php hnh ngh, m s qun l cht thi nguy hi; 14. Thng t s 13/2007/TT-BXD ngy 31/12/2007 ca B Xy dng hng dn mt s iu ca Ngh nh s 59/2007/N-CP ngy 9/4/2007 ca Chnh ph v qun l cht thi rn. 15. Quyt nh s 23/2006/Q-BTNMT ngy 26/12/2006 ca B trng B Ti nguyn v Mi trng v vic ban hnh danh mc cht thi nguy hi cht thi nguy hi; 16. Quyt nh s 29/1999/Q-BXD ngy 22/10/1999 ca B trng B Xy dng ban hnh Quy ch bo v mi trng trong ngnh xy dng; 17. Quyt nh s 22/2006/Q-BTNMT ngy 18/12/2006 ca B trng B Ti nguyn v Mi trng v vic bt buc p dng tiu chun Vit Nam v mi trng; 18. Quyt nh s: 04/2008/Q-BXD, ngy 03/04/2008 ca B Xy Dng v vic ban hnh Quy chun k thut Quc gia v Quy hoch xy dng QCXDVN 01: 2008/BXD (Qui chun xy dng Vit Nam- Qui hoch xy dng). 19. Quyt nh s 13/2007/Q-BXD, ngy 23/04/2007 ca B trng B Xy Dng v vic ban hnh nh mc d ton thu gom, vn chuyn v x l chn lp rc thi th. 20. Quyt nh s 3733/2002/Q-BYT ngy 10/10/2002 ca B trng B Y t v vic Ban hnh 21 tiu chun v sinh lao ng, 05 nguyn tc v 07 thng s v sinh lao ng; 21. Cc b tiu chun: TCVN 6706-2000: Cht thi nguy hi. Phn loi. TCVN 6696-2000: Bi chn lp cht thi rn hp v sinh. Yu cu chung v Bo v mi trng. TCXDVN 261-2001: Bi chn lp cht thi rn. Tiu chun thit k. TCXDVN 320-2004: Bi chn lp cht thi nguy hi. Tiu chun thit k. 22. Cc vn bn php l lin quan n vic thc hin d n. Vn bn chp thun ch trng quy hoch d n; Vn bn chp thun a im quy hoch d n; Vn bn ph duyt quy hoch d n;
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Hng dn lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n Xy dng v vn hnh bi chn lp cht thi rn sinh hot - D tho cp nht theo Thng t s05/2008-TT BTNMT

Vn bn n b v ti nh c cho d n; 2.2. C s k thut Cc ti liu c s dng khi thc hin TM cho cc d n Xy dng v vn hnh bi chn lp cht thi rn sinh hot bao gm: 1. D n u t hay bo co nghin cu kh thi ca chnh d n; 2. Quy hoch thit k xy dng ca chnh d n; 3. Thuyt minh thit k ca chnh d n; 4. Thuyt minh qui trnh hot ng chn lp v ng ca cc chn lp rc 5. Bo co a cht cng trnh v a cht thy vn ca chnh d n; 6. Cc bn v ca chnh d n bao gm: S qui hoch tng mt bng; S qui hoch h thng giao thng; S qui hoch h thng cp in; S qui hoch h thng cp nc; S qui hoch h thng thot nc ma; S qui hoch h thng thu gom v x l nc rc, S qui hoch h thng cy xanh cch ly 7. Bo co hin trng mi trng ca tnh / thnh ni d n trin khai thc hin; 8. Bo co hin trng kinh t - x hi ca x / phng v huyn / th / qun ni d n trin khai thc hin; 9. Bo co hin trng v qui hoch pht trin kinh t - x hi ca a bn m d n s phc v ; 10. Cc hng dn thc hin bo co TM ca Ngn hng Th gii v ca mt s nc trn th gii; 11. Cc m hnh nh gi v d bo nhim; 12. Cc ti liu lin quan khc; 2.3. Phng php thc hin TM 1. Phng php thng k: nhm thu thp v x l s liu kh tng thy vn, kinh t - x hi cng nh cc s liu khc ti khu vc thc hin d n; 2. Phng php k tha: k tha cc kt qu nghin cu TM ca cc d n xy dng v vn hnh bi chn lp cht thi rn sinh hot c; 3. Phng php phn tch: kho st, quan trc, ly mu ti hin trng v phn tch trong phng th nghim theo cc Tiu chun Vit Nam (TCVN) v quc t (nu cn thit) v mi trng nhm xc nh cc thng s v hin trng cht lng mi trng khng kh, nc, t, sinh thi ti khu vc; 4. Phng php iu tra x hi hc (tham vn cng ng): s dng trong qu trnh phng vn lnh o v nhn dn a phng xung quanh khu vc thc hin d n;

Hng dn lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n Xy dng v vn hnh bi chn lp cht thi rn sinh hot - D tho cp nht theo Thng t s05/2008-TT BTNMT

5. Phng php nh gi nhanh: xc nh v nh gi ti lng nhim t cc hot ng ca d n cng nh nh gi cc tc ng ca ca chng n mi trng; 6. Phng php so snh: so snh cc kt qu o c, phn tch, tnh ton d bo nng cc cht nhim do hot ng ca d n vi cc TCVN v mi trng v Tiu chun ngnh (TCN) ca B Y t v B Xy dng; 7. Phng php lp bng lit k v ma trn: lp mi quan h gia cc hot ng ca d n v cc tc ng n cc thnh phn mi trng nh gi tng hp nh hng ca cc tc ng do cc hot ng ca d n n mi trng; 8. Phng php m hnh ha: d bo quy m v phm vi cc tc ng n mi trng; 9. Phng php phn tch tng hp: t cc kt qu nghin cu TM lp bo co TM vi b cc v ni dung theo quy nh. 3. Quy trnh TM Theo quy nh ca iu 20, Lut Bo v Mi trng 2005, TM cn phi c thc hin song song vi d n u t / bo co nghin cu kh thi v bo co TM phi c lp ng thi vi bo co nghin cu kh thi ca d n. Nu bo co TM cha c thm nh, d n s cha c thc hin. Mi cn nhc v mi trng u c thc hin ngay t giai on u tin lp quy hoch d n (thng qua ni dung gii trnh cc vn mi trng trong bo co gii trnh kinh t k thut) n pht trin v thc hin d n (thng qua bo co TM) v tip tc sut trong qu trnh hot ng ca d n. Quy trnh TM bao gm cc bc: - La chn a im: xc nh s ph hp vi yu cu ca d n v yu cu bo v mi trng khu vc; - Xc nh nhm cng ng lin quan / quan tm n qu trnh TM d n: ch d n, nh u t (ngi/t chc ti tr hoc cho vay tin), B Ti nguyn v Mi trng, chnh quyn a phng, cng ng dn c; - Xc nh phm vi: xc nh cc vn mi trng lin quan v phm vi nghin cu TM; - Lp bo co TM trnh np B Ti nguyn v Mi trng hoc UBND tnh / thnh (S Ti nguyn v Mi trng a phng); - Thm nh v ph duyt bo co TM; - Cc hot ng tun th vi quyt nh ph duyt TM trong qu trnh thc hin d n. 4. Ni dung ca bo co TM Yu cu: Ni dung c bn ca bo co TM l xc nh, m t, d bo v nh gi nhng tc ng tim tng trc tip v gin tip, ngn hn v di hn, tch cc v tiu cc do vic thc hin d n Xy dng v vn hnh bi chn lp cht thi rn sinh hot c th gy ra cho mi trng.

Hng dn lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n Xy dng v vn hnh bi chn lp cht thi rn sinh hot - D tho cp nht theo Thng t s05/2008-TT BTNMT

Trn c s nhng d bo v nh gi ny, bo co TM s xut nhng bin php gim thiu (bao gm cc bin php qun l v k thut) nhm pht huy nhng tc ng tch cc v gim nh ti mc c th nhng tc ng tiu cc. p ng yu cu ny v thc hin cc quy nh ca Thng t 05/2008/TTBTNMT, mt bo co TM ca d n Xy dng v vn hnh bi chn lp cht thi rn sinh hot cn bao gm nhng ni dung sau: 1. M u 2. Chng 1. M t tm tt d n 3. Chng 2. iu kin t nhin, mi trng v kinh t - x hi 4. Chng 3. nh gi cc tc ng mi trng 5. Chng 4. Bin php gim thiu tc ng xu, phng nga v ng ph s c mi trng 6. Chng 5. Chng trnh qun l v gim st mi trng 7. Chng 6. Tham vn kin cng ng, 8. Kin ngh v kt lun 5. i tng s dng bn hng dn lp bo co TM cc d n Xy dng v vn hnh bi chn lp cht thi rn sinh hot L cc i tng trc tip tham gia vo qu trnh TM hoc quan tm n s pht trin ca d n, bao gm: - Ch d n; - Nhm chuyn gia t vn thc hin TM (gip ch d n tin hnh TM v lp bo co TM ph hp vi quy nh php lut Vit Nam hin hnh v p ng cc yu cu ca t chc ti tr cho d n); - C quan qun l Nh nc v bo v mi trng cp Trung ng/a phng ni thc hin d n; - T chc ti tr d n; - Cc thnh vin Hi ng thm nh bo co TM; - Cc i tng khc quan tm n s pht trin ca d n.

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Hng dn lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n Xy dng v vn hnh bi chn lp cht thi rn sinh hot - D tho cp nht theo Thng t s05/2008-TT BTNMT

M U

1. Xut x ca d n Tm tt v xut s, hon cnh ra i ca d n. C quan, t chc c thm quyn ph duyt d n u t (Bo co u t/Bo co kinh t - k thut/D n u t hoc ti liu tng ng ca d n) Mi quan h ca d n vi cc qui hoch pht trin do c quan qun l nh nc c thm quyn thm nh v ph duyt. 2. Cn c php lut v k thut ca vic thc hin nh gi tc ng mi trng Cc cn c php lut Chi tit xemthng t s 05/2008/TT-BTNMT Cc cn c k thut Chi tit xemthng t s 05/2008/TT-BTNMT Cc ti liu khc Ngun ti liu, d liu tham kho Lit k cc ti liu, d liu tham kho vi cc thng s v: tn gi, xut x thi gian, tc gi, ni lu gi hoc ni pht hnh ca ti liu, d liu. Ngun ti liu, d liu do ch d n to lp Lit k cc ti liu, d liu to lp; xut x thi gian, a im m ti liu, d liu c to lp 3. Phng php p dng trong qu trnh TM Danh mc cc phng php s dng: Lit k y cc phng php s dng trong qu trnh tin hnh TM v lp bo co TM, bao gm cc phng php v TM, cc phng php v iu tra, kho st, nghin cu, th nghim v cc phng php c lin quan khc. Phng php o c/phn tch: ghi r phng php o c/phn tch cho tng ch tiu mi trng. 4. T chc thc hin TM Chi tit xemthng t s 05/2008/TT-BTNMT

11

Hng dn lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n Xy dng v vn hnh bi chn lp cht thi rn sinh hot - D tho cp nht theo Thng t s05/2008-TT BTNMT

Chng 1. M T TM TT D N Yu cu: Ni dung m t d n Xy dng v vn hnh bi chn lp cht thi rn sinh hot phi trnh by mt cch r rng, d hiu v cn c minh ho bng nhng s liu, bng biu, bn , s km theo Da trn cc s liu v thng tin ca bo co nghin cu kh thi hay d n u t (bn tho), ni dung m t tm tt d n bao gm: 1.1. Tn d n Nu chnh xc nh tn trong bo co nghin cu kh thi hay d n u t Tn d n vit bng ch in hoa Ghi r din tch 1.2. Ch d n Tn ch d n: tn c ng k ti Vit Nam, vit bng ch in hoa a ch lin h: vn phng ti Vit Nam in thoi: s in thoi ti Vit Nam Fax: s fax ti Vit Nam i din: tn ngi i din cao nht ca d n Quc tch: ghi r quc tch ngi i din Chc v: ghi r chc v ngi i din 1.3. V tr a l d n M t r rng v tr a l (gm c to , ranh gii) km theo bn a im thc hin d n trong mi tng quan vi cc i tng t nhin (h thng sng sui, khu bo tn thin nhin), h tng k thut (h thng giao thng, cp nc, cp in, lin lc) v kinh t - x hi (khu dn c, khu th, cc i tng sn xut-kinh doanh-dch v, cc cng trnh vn ha tn gio, cc di tch lch s), c th mt s ni dung sau: V tr d n: phi nu r cc vn sau: - a danh ni thc hin d n: x / phng, huyn / th / qun, tnh / thnh - Cc mc ranh gii: ghi r ta theo h VN-2000 - Cc hnh nh, s , bn th hin v tr d n trn a bn tnh; cc i tng c mi lin quan trc tip cng nh gin tip n pht trin ca d n., c th: Phm vi phc v ca d n, cc KCN, cc cm CN, nh my, cc khu dn c trn a bn phng/x, qun/huyn, cc di tch lch s v cng trnh vn ha c gi tr trn a bn phng/x, qun/huyn, mng li giao thng, thu vc Khong cch t v tr d n n cc cng trnh xung quanh: c tnh khong cch t v tr d n n cc i tng khc, c th: - Cc ngun cp nc, cc c s sn xut trn a bn tnh v/hoc a phng khc nhng gn khu vc d n - Cc khu dn c xung quanh d n;

12

Hng dn lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n Xy dng v vn hnh bi chn lp cht thi rn sinh hot - D tho cp nht theo Thng t s05/2008-TT BTNMT

Cc cng trnh, h tng c s phc v trin khai thc hin d n: ngun in, nc - Ngun tip nhn nc ma chy trn v nc thi sau x l t khu vc d n - Ngun cung cp vt liu ph trung gian (nu cn) - Cc i tng nhy cm: cc khu vc bo tn, bo tng, khu sinh thi nhy cm, cc di tch lch s v cng trnh vn ha . - Cc i tng khc nh: sn bay, cu cng V tr tip gip ca d n: nu r cc i tng tip gip vi d n (da trn bo co nghin cu kh thi hay bo co u t ca d n v qua qu trnh kho st). Phi nu r v tr tip gip theo cc hng ng, Ty, Nam, Bc ca d n. Hin trng khu t d n (da trn bo co nghin cu kh thi hay bo co u t ca d n v qua qu trnh kho st): - Thng k hin trng s dng t: mc ch s dng t, din tch, t l - Thng k s lng nh trong khu vc d n: loi nh, s lng - Thng k s h dn trong khu vc d n: s h dn (~ s nhn khu) ang sinh sng, s h dn (~ s nhn khu) c t canh tc. - Ngun ti nguyn, khong sn c gi tr trong lng t - Cc loi ng thc vt qu him c tr - Cc di tch, lch s, cng trnh vn ha - Bn hin trng khu t d n Nhn xt s b v v tr d n: - V tr, quy m d n ph hp hay khng ph hp vi quy hoch pht trin chung ca tnh/khu vc - Nu nhng kh khn v thun li khi thc hin d n ti v tr quy hoch, c th v cc vn n b, gii phng mt bng, tiu thot nc ma v nc rc - Vn chuyn rc n khu vc d n 1.4. Ni dung ch yu ca d n 1.4.1. Mc ch v phm vi hot ng ca d n Da trn bo co nghin cu kh thi hay bo co u t hoc ti liu tng ng ca d n Mc tiu d n Phm vi hot ng ca d n - Cc hot ng ca d n: ch chn lp cht thi sinh hot hay cn thu gom, vn chuyn, ti ch cht thi - Phm vi phc v ca d n: phm vi thu gom v vn chuyn cht thi t cc khu vc hnh chnh no Cng sut hot ng ca d n

13

Hng dn lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n Xy dng v vn hnh bi chn lp cht thi rn sinh hot - D tho cp nht theo Thng t s05/2008-TT BTNMT

Tui th d kin ca d n 1.4.2. Cc li ch kinh t x hi ca d n Da trn bo co nghin cu kh thi/bo co u t ca d n: mt s li ch kinh t x hi ca d n c th nu di y: Gp phn nng cao mc sng ca ngi dn thng qua qu trnh qun l v x l cht thi rn sinh hot. Gp phn ci thin cht lng mi trng ti cc a phng thuc din phc v ca d n thng qua thu gom v x l cht thi rn sinh hot Gp phn thc y pht trin kinh t-x hi trn a bn tnh/thnh trn c s cung cp dch v thu gom v x l cht thi rn sinh hot. 1.4.3. Qui trnh vn hnh bi chn lp rc S quy trnh vn hnh bi chn lp rc bao gm: o Qui trnh thi cng o Qui trnh vn hnh (bao gm c cc hng mc ph tr) o Cng tc ng ca chn lp rc o M t quy trnh vn hnh bi chn lp rc: ngn ngn, y tng cng on nh trong s quy trnh vn hnh, v d: o Qui trnh thi cng, cn lm r tin thi cng cc chn lp rc, a im tp kt vt liu (t) o v mc ch s dng o Cu trc ca cc chn lp rc o Qui trnh vn hnh cc chn lp rc, qui trnh rc, ph lp ph trung gian v.v... o Cc hng mc cng trnh v d nh khu vc ti ch, thu hi vt liu ( nu c) v qui trnh vn hnh o 1.4.4. Nhu cu nguyn vt liu Lp bng nhu cu s dng nguyn vt liu cho d n: y thng tin chi tit (n v, s lng tnh theo nm, ngun gc, phng thc vn chuyn v lu tr) v nguyn vt liu cung cp cho hot ng ca d n Bng 1.1. Nhu cu s dng nguyn vt liu TT 1 2 1.4.5. Mt bng tng th ca d n Da trn bo co nghin cu kh thi hay bo co u t ca d n
14

Nguyn vt liu

n v

S lng

Ngun gc

Phng thc vn chuyn v lu tr

Hng dn lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n Xy dng v vn hnh bi chn lp cht thi rn sinh hot - D tho cp nht theo Thng t s05/2008-TT BTNMT

a. S dng t Lp bng quy hoch s dng t bao gm: Cc cng trnh chnh (tip nhn, phn loi, x l cht thi rn; ni cha sn phm ti ch, ti s dng), cc cng trnh ph tr (qun l, iu hnh, phng th nghim, nh n, khu v sinh), v tr tp kt ng rn hoc chn lp sau khi c x l (ti ch, ti s dng, t,), h thng cc cng trnh h tng k thut (h thng ng, cp thot nc, cp in chiu sng v sn xut, h thng x l nc thi, sn bi, cy xanh) v v tr cc im u ni vi h thng h tng k thut ngoi hng ro c s x l cht thi rn. Nu r din tch tng hng mc v t l tng hng mc. Bng 1.2. Quy hoch s dng t TT 1 2 Cng C bn v km theo th hin r: tn bn v, ch thch tng hng mc trn bn v (bao gm c cc cng trnh u mi k thut nh: trm cp in, trm cp nc, trm x l nc rc), cc im u ni vi cng trnh h tng k thut bn ngoi, hoa gi, thc t l Nhn xt v qui hoch s dng t ca d n b. Cc khu chc nng M t c cu khng gian bi chn lp rc theo tng hng mc nh trn bng s dng t. M t qui cch, s lng cc chn lp rc Mi hng mc phi th hin r: v tr d kin xy dng, din tch, qui cch xy dng 1.4.6. H tng k thut ca d n Da trn bo co nghin cu kh thi/bo co u t ca d n a. Cng tc san nn Cao nn t t nhin theo h chun quc gia (cao hn du) Cao nn t thit k theo h chun quc gia (cao hn du) Loi vt liu san nn, khi lng, phng php vn chuyn, san nn. b. H thng giao thng Giao thng bn ngoi bi chn lp : lit k cc tuyn ng ni bi chn lp vi bn ngoi (bao gm ng b, ng thy, ng st) Giao thng bn trong bi chn lp: qui cch cc ng ni b. C bn v km theo th hin r: tn bn v, mng li giao thng (i ni, i ngoi), tn ng, hoa gi, thc t l,
15

Hng mc

Din tch (ha)

T l (%)

Hng dn lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n Xy dng v vn hnh bi chn lp cht thi rn sinh hot - D tho cp nht theo Thng t s05/2008-TT BTNMT

Bng 1.3. Quy hoch h thng giao thng TT 1 2 c. H thng cp in Tng nhu cu s dng in Ngun cp in (k c h thng pht in d phng) Tng hp mng li phn phi in: hng mc, n v, khi lng Bng 1.4. Quy hoch h thng cp in TT Loi t Din Tiu Tmax tch chun cp (h/nm) (ha) in (kWh/ha) Cng sut in (kW) in nng (triu kWh/nm) Tn ng L gii (m) Chiu rng (m) Mt ng Va h

1 2 Tng cng Tng in nng yu cu c tnh n % tn hao Tng cng sut in yu cu c tnh n % tn hao d. H thng cp nc Tng nhu cu s dng nc Ngun cp nc (k c khai thc nc ngm nu c) Tng hp mng li cp nc: hng mc, n v, khi lng C bn v km theo th hin r: tn bn v, mng li cp nc, hoa gi, thc t l, Bng 1.5. Quy hoch h thng cp nc TT 1 2 Tng cng Hng mc n v Khi lng

16

Hng dn lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n Xy dng v vn hnh bi chn lp cht thi rn sinh hot - D tho cp nht theo Thng t s05/2008-TT BTNMT

e. H thng thot nc ma Quy cch xy dng Hng tuyn thot nc ma Ngun tip nhn nc ma Tng hp khi lng h thng thot nc ma: hng mc, n v, khi lng C bn v km theo th hin r: tn bn v, h thng thot nc ma, hoa gi, thc t l, Bng 1.6. Quy hoch h thng thot nc ma TT 1 2 Tng cng f. H thng thu gom nc rc Quy cch xy dng Hng tuyn thot nc rc Ngun tip nhn nc thi Tng hp khi lng h thng thot nc rc: hng mc, n v, khi lng C bn v km theo th hin r: tn bn v, h thng thot nc thi, hoa gi, thc t l Bng 1.7. Quy hoch h thng thu gom nc rc TT 1 2 Tng cng g. H thng x l nc rc Lu lng nc rc c trng nc rc, tiu chun x l nc rc Ngun tip nhn nc rc sau x l h. H thng thu gom v x l kh bi rc H thng thu gom v x l kh bi rc (ging thu gom kh, h thng ng thu gom kh, thit b t kh, v.v..). Hng mc n v Khi lng Hng mc n v Khi lng

17

Hng dn lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n Xy dng v vn hnh bi chn lp cht thi rn sinh hot - D tho cp nht theo Thng t s05/2008-TT BTNMT

1.4.7. Chi ph u t d n Da trn bo co nghin cu kh thi/bo co u t ca d n Tng chi ph u t d n Lit k chi ph tng hng mc u t Bng 1.8. Chi ph u t d n TT I II Khu tin x l 1 Khu phn loi cht thi 2 Khu x l ng bnh v lm kh 3 Khu n nh ha III Khu chn lp 1 chn lp 2 H thng thu gom nc rc 3 H thng thu gom v x l kh rc 4 H thng thot v ngn nc ma 5 H thng quan trc nc ngm 6 ng ni b 7 Hng ro v cy xanh 8 Bi hoc kho cha cht ph b mt IV Khu x l nc rc 1 Trm bm nc rc 2 Cng trnh x l nc rc 3 H trc nghim 4 cha bn V H thng thu gom v x l kh bi rc 1 Ging thu gom kh bi rc 2 H thng ng ng 3 H thng x l (t, x l thu hi pht in ..) VI Khu ph tr 1 Nh iu hnh 2 Nh n ca (nu c)
18

Hng mc Chun b d n, n b v ti nh c

Chi ph

Hng dn lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n Xy dng v vn hnh bi chn lp cht thi rn sinh hot - D tho cp nht theo Thng t s05/2008-TT BTNMT

TT 3 Khu v sinh v tm 4 Trm phn tch 5 Trm cn 6 Nh xe 7 Trm ra xe 8 Xng c in 9 Kho

Hng mc

Chi ph

10 H thng cp, thot nc, cp in, thng tin lin lc VII Vn hnh chn lp rc 1 Vn hnh chn lp rc 2 Vn hnh cc h thng x l cht thi 3 Gim st cht thi 4 Gim st cht lng mi trng VIII ng ca chn lp rc 1 ng ca chn lp rc 2 Gim st cht lng nc rc v kh bi rc 3 Gim st cht lng mi trng IX D phng ph Cng 1.4.8. T chc qun l d n Da trn bo co nghin cu kh thi/bo co u t ca d n Th hin s t chc qun l d n Nhn lc thc hin Lm r b phn chuyn trch v mi trng cho c giai on xy dng v giai on khai thc / vn hnh 1.4.9. Tin thc hin d n Da trn bo co nghin cu kh thi/bo co u t ca d n Nu c th lch trnh thc hin cc hng mc cng trnh ca d n t giai on chun b n giai on hon thnh ng ca hon ton bi chn lp cht thi rn sinh hot.

19

Hng dn lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n Xy dng v vn hnh bi chn lp cht thi rn sinh hot - D tho cp nht theo Thng t s05/2008-TT BTNMT

Bng 1.9. Tin thc hin d n TT 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 % n b, gii phng mt % 1 bng % % % % % % 2 San nn 3 H thng giao thng 4 H thng cp nc 5 H thng cp in 6 H thng thot nc ma % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % Hng mc

7 Thi cng chn lp rc 8 H thng thu gom nc rc

9 H thng x l nc rc 10 Trng cy xanh 11 Vn hnh chn lp rc 12 Gim st sau ng ca bi chn lp

20

Hng dn lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n Xy dng v vn hnh bi chn lp cht thi rn sinh hot - D tho cp nht theo Thng t s05/2008-TT BTNMT

Chng 2. IU KIN T NHIN, MI TRNG V KINH T - X HI Yu cu: Mi trng nn l mi trng khu vc trc khi thc hin d n v s chu tc ng ca qu trnh thc hin d n. S liu v thng tin v mi trng nn c kho st, thu thp v phn tch nhm nh gi hin trng mi trng ca khu vc, do vy phi th hin mt cch nh lng cao nht. 2.1. Nguyn tc chung Thu thp, kho st v xy dng b s liu nn c vai tr quan trng trong TM. Mi d bo v nh gi cc tc ng ca d n s da trn cc mi quan h nguyn nhn - h qu, hin trng v nhng thay i v cc tnh cht vt l, ho hc, sinh hc v nhn vn ca mi trng xung quanh khu vc thc hin d n. S liu mi trng nn l cc s liu v thng tin phn nh hin trng mi trng vt l, ho hc, sinh hc v nhn vn tr khu vc xung quanh a im thc hin d n. S liu mi trng nn c thu thp da trn vic nghin cu, iu tra kho st hin trng, bao gm thu thp s liu nghin cu c; phng vn cc bn lin quan; kho st hin trng a dng sinh hc, kinh t - vn ho - x hi; thu thp mu mi trng v phn tch, nh gi trong phng th nghim. Nhng vn quan trng cn c bit lu khi xy dng d liu nn cho d n xy dng v vn hnh bi chn lp cht thi rn sinh hot gm: Mi trng t nhin lin quan n a im thc hin d n; Nhu cu v phng thc s dng t v s dng nc, c bit v phng din tng thch vi ly t cho d n v lm hnh lang an ton; phng din tng thch v cung cp nc v vn chuyn ng thu; Cc mi quan tm v mt kinh t-x hi; Kh nng xy ra ri ro xut pht t nhng vn mi trng. Ngoi ra, vic xy dng d liu nn cn phi tng thch vi cc ni dung ca bo co TM theo quy nh ca Thng t 05/2006/TT-BTNMT, c th: 2.1.1. iu kin t nhin v mi trng iu kin v a l, a cht: iu kin a l, c bit l a cht cng trnh, a cht thu vn ng vai tr quan trng trong la chn gii php k thut thi cng cc chn lp rc nhm gim thiu cc tc ng tiu cc tim tng do qu trnh lan truyn ca cc cht nhim n cht lng nc ngm, t ti khu vc d n cng nh ln cn. Do vy mt trong nhng trng tm cn quan tm l cu trc a cht cng trnh v a cht thu vn ti khu vc d n cn c m t v nh gi mt cch cn trng. c tnh trng st, ln cc chn lp rc do nn mng ca chn lp rc b yu dn n cc hng mc cng trnh khc nh lp lt y, h thng thu gom nc rc b rch, gy v lm nh hng n vn hnh chn lp rc. iu kin v kh tng thu vn: cc yu t nh ch ma, ngun tip nhn nc ma v nc rc t khu vc d n cn c xem xt v nh gi r rng, c tnh nh lng cao. Ch ma s nh hng trc tip n ch pht sinh nc rc nh lu lng nc rc. Thc t ti mt s bi chn lp rc do cha lng ht c cc d kin v ch ma cho nn lm ny sinh rt nhiu vn lin quan n nc rc nh thit k cc cng trnh
21

Hng dn lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n Xy dng v vn hnh bi chn lp cht thi rn sinh hot - D tho cp nht theo Thng t s05/2008-TT BTNMT

thu gom v x l nc rc khng p ng c lu lng nc rc pht thi. Vn thot tch nc ma ra khi nc rc cng l mt vn quan trng c lin quan nhiu n ch ma. Hin trng cc thnh phn mi trng t nhin 2.1.2. iu kin kinh t x hi iu kin v kinh t iu kin v x hi 2.2. Cc vn trng tm lp bo co TM cho d n Xy dng v vn hnh bi chn lp cht thi rn sinh hot, cc vn trng tm cn ch n khi thu thp s liu mi trng nn l: 1. Mi trng t nhin M t cc thnh phn mi trng: khng kh, nc, t, trm tch, h sinh thi cn, cc h sinh thi thu; Kho st v nh lng cc thng s phn nh cht lng nc mt, nc ngm, khng kh v n, c bit l cht lng mi trng ti khu vc chu nh hng trc tip ca d n (vng pht tn kh thi, ni tip nhn nc thi). y l nhng thng s s c quan trc trong sut qu trnh hot ng ca d n; Kho st v nh gi tnh cht v cht lng h sinh thi cn, h ng vt v thc vt, h sinh thi nc ngt v bin. 2. Nhu cu v phng thc s dng t v nc Hin trng s dng t v nc; Quy hoch s dng t v nc ca a phng. 3. Cc mi quan tm v mt kinh t-x hi Cu trc dn s, vic lm, trnh vn ha; Hin trng pht trin kinh t; Hin trng c s h tng v dch v; Kt qu tham vn cng ng; Kt qu nghin cu x hi hc. 4. Kh nng xy ra ri ro xut pht t nhng vn mi trng Kho st v phn tch s liu mi trng nn phc v chy m hnh d bo ri ro Thu thp cc s liu v thng tin v cc s c xy ra ti cc Bi chn lp cht thi rn sinh hot tng t. 2.3. Kho st v nh gi mi trng nn 2.3.1. Thu thp, o c v phn tch cc thng s mi trng nn Cc thng s mi trng nn l cc s liu, thng tin v cc thnh phn mi trng ho l, sinh thi, kinh t, vn ho, x hi. Cc lu khi thu thp thng s mi trng nn:

22

Hng dn lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n Xy dng v vn hnh bi chn lp cht thi rn sinh hot - D tho cp nht theo Thng t s05/2008-TT BTNMT

Kho st, thu thp, o c, iu tra cc s liu v mi trng v ti nguyn thin nhin khu vc c lin quan hoc chu nh hng trc tip hoc gin tip n d n; Phng php ly mu v phn tch tun th TCVN v mi trng hin hnh; Cc my mc, thit b o lng ngoi thc a v trong phong th nghim cn c chun ha; C th k tha cc s liu quan trc nh k ca trm quan trc a phng, vng, quc gia nu d n nm a im tng thch. Bng 2.1. Cc thng s mi trng nn cn thu thp v phn tch thc hin TM d n Xy dng v vn hnh bi chn lp cht thi rn sinh hot TT 1 1.1 V tr a l Vn Thng s iu kin t nhin - a danh v v tr a l ca khu vc thc hin d n - V tr hnh chnh v h thng giao thng - c im a hnh: ni, i, ng bng - c im cu to t, st ln, trt l, xi mn - Tnh cht vt l, tnh cht c hc ca cc lp t nh gi kh nng thm v lan truyn cc cht nhim trong mi trng t - Kh nng chu ti c hc ca t ti khu vc d n - Nhit , lng ma, m, ch gi - Biu ma tn sut ma ti thiu trong vng 10 nm gn nht - Tn sut bo v cc hin tng thi tit bt thng - S liu c thng k t nht trong vng 15 nm gn nht - nh gi nhng thun li v kh khn do thi tit kh hu tc ng n d n - c im sng, h: dng chy, lu lng, dung tch - c im thu triu, hi vn
23

Ngun s liu - Ti liu d n - Atlat quc gia - Bn nn ca cc a phng - Ti liu kho st a cht cng trnh, a cht thu vn ti khu vc d n - K tha s liu c

1.2 c im a hnh, a cht cng trnh

1.3 c im kh hu, kh tng

- Trm kh tng gn nht - Quan trc ti hin trng

1.4 c im thu vc

- Trm thu vn gn nht - Quan trc ti

Hng dn lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n Xy dng v vn hnh bi chn lp cht thi rn sinh hot - D tho cp nht theo Thng t s05/2008-TT BTNMT

TT

Vn

Thng s - c im ngp lt, hn hn - nh gi nhng thun li v kh khn do mng li thy vn tc ng n d n c im kinh t x hi - Cu trc dn s - Vn dn tc thiu s - Tnh trng vic lm v phng thc kim sng - Cc khu dn c ln cn - Hin trng cc ngnh kinh t - Quy hoch pht trin kinh t ca vng, tnh - Gio dc, y t v sc kho cng ng - Tht nghip v t nn x hi - Cc cng trnh vn ha, lch s, du lch c gi tr - Phong tc tp qun ca a phng Ti nguyn thin nhin - Tng din tch t t nhin v cht lng - Hin trng v quy hoach s dng t - c im thu vc - Hin trng v quy hoch s dng nc mt - nh gi gi tr ngun nc mt ti khu vc d n - c im tng tr nc, tr lng nc ngm - Hin trng v quy hoch khai thc s dng - nh gi gi tr ca ngun ti nguyn nc ngm ti khu vc - Kh nng b nhim do chnh hot ng ti khu vc d n

Ngun s liu hin trng

2 2.1 Dn c lao ng

- S liu thng k - Kho st, phng vn

2.2 Pht trin kinh t 2.3 Hin trng x hi 2.4 Vn ho, lch s 3 3.1 Ti nguyn t

- S liu thng k - Kho st, phng vn - S liu thng k - Kho st, phng vn - S liu thng k - Kho st, phng vn - S liu thng k - Kho st, phng vn - Kt qu iu tra c bn - Kho st iu tra b sung - Kt qu iu tra c bn - Kho st iu tra b sung

3.2 Ti nguyn nc mt

3.3 Ti nguyn nc ngm

3.4 Ti nguyn ven - Rng ngp mn, m ph


24

- Kt qu iu tra

Hng dn lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n Xy dng v vn hnh bi chn lp cht thi rn sinh hot - D tho cp nht theo Thng t s05/2008-TT BTNMT

TT

Vn bin

Thng s - nh bt v nui trng thu sn

Ngun s liu c bn - Kho st iu tra b sung - Kt qu iu tra c bn - Kho st iu tra b sung - Kho st hin trng v phn tch trong phng th nghim - Thng k ca c quan chc nng v qun l hnh chnh a phng - Thng k ca c quan chc nng v qun l hnh chnh a phng - Thng k ca c quan chc nng v qun l hnh chnh a phng - Cc s quan trc khu vc - Kho st trng v tch phng nghim liu trong hin phn trong th

3.5 Ti nguyn ng thc vt

- Thm thc vt, h ng vt, h thu sinh (nc ngt, ven bin) - Rng quc gia v khu bo tn thin nhin

4 4.1 Giao thng

H tng c s v dch v - c im ca h thng giao thng - Kh nng p ng yu cu vn chuyn rc vo chn lp

4.2 in, nc, lin lc

- c im h thng cung cp in, nc, lin lc - c im h thng thot nc - Kh nng p ng nhu cu ca d n

4.3 Dch v, - Hin trng v kh nng cung cp dch thng mi v, thng mi

5 5.1 Cht lng khng kh

Hin trng cht lng mi trng t nhin - CO, SO2, NO2, bi (TSP), NH3, H2S, Mercaptane,

5.2 Cht lng nc mt

- pH, DO, SS, Tng P, Tng N, BOD, COD, Du m, Coliform, kim loi nng (Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr, Cd, As, Hg, Fe,
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- Cc s liu quan trc trong

Hng dn lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n Xy dng v vn hnh bi chn lp cht thi rn sinh hot - D tho cp nht theo Thng t s05/2008-TT BTNMT

TT

Vn )

Thng s

Ngun s liu khu vc - Kho st hin trng v phn tch trong phng th nghim - Cc s quan trc khu vc - Kho st trng v tch phng nghim - Cc s quan trc khu vc - Kho st trng v tch phng nghim - Cc s quan trc khu vc - Kho st trng v tch phng nghim - Cc s quan trc khu vc - Kho st trng v tch phng nghim liu trong hin phn trong th liu trong hin phn trong th liu trong hin phn trong th liu trong hin phn trong th

5.3 Cht lng nc ven b

- pH, mn, DO, SS, tng P, tng N, BOD, du m, Coliform, kim loi nng (Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr, Cd, As, Hg, Fe, )

5.4 Cht lng nc ngm

- pH, cng, TS, NH4+, NO3-, SO42-, Cl-, Coliform, kim loi nng (Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr, Cd, As, Hg, Fe, )

5.5 Cht lng t

- pH, thnh phn cp ht, t trng, m, tng N, tng P, hm lng hu c, TBVTV, kim loi nng (Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr, Cd, As, Hg, Fe, )

5.6 Cht lng bn y

- pH, thnh phn cp ht, t trng, tng N, tng P, TBVTV, kim loi nng (Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr, Cd, As, Hg, Fe, )

5.7 Ting n

- L50, Leq, Lmax

- Cc s liu quan trc trong khu vc


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TT

Vn

Thng s

Ngun s liu - Kho st hin trng v phn tch trong phng th nghim

2.3.2. X l s liu mi trng nn S liu mi trng nn sau khi thu thp v phn tch cn c x l v th hin trong bo co TM mt cch r rng, n gin vi mc cng nh lng cng tt. Cc s liu cn c th hin mt cch nh lng v c th lp thnh bng theo mu di y: a. S dng t Bng 2.2. Hin trng s dng t (hoc quy hoch s dng t n nm) TT 1 2 3 4 5 6 n Mc ch s dng Tng t nng nghip t nui trng thu sn t lm nghip Rng ngp mn t t cng nghip . Tng cng b. S dng nc Bng 2.3. Hin trng s dng nc (hoc quy hoch s dng nc n nm) TT 1 2 3 4 5 Mc ch s dng Ti tiu Nui trng thu sn Cng nghip Sinh hot (nc cp) Khc Nhu cu Nc mt Nc ngm Cc vn mi trng lin quan Din tch cc loi t I II III Cc vn mi trng lin quan

c. Cht lng khng kh v ting n

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Hng dn lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n Xy dng v vn hnh bi chn lp cht thi rn sinh hot - D tho cp nht theo Thng t s05/2008-TT BTNMT

V tr cc im o c v ly mu khng kh: m t r im quan trc nm trong hay nm ngoi d n, nu nm ngoi th c tnh khong cch n v tr d n v nm v pha no ca d n. Cn phi thu mu ti tuyn ng s s dng vn chuyn rc vo khu vc d n kt ni gia trc giao thng chnh vi khu vc d n iu kin ly mu: m t thi tit kh hu, mt giao thng ti thi im ly mu. Bng 2.4. V tr cc im o c/ly mu khng kh v iu kin ly mu TT 1 Mu Mu 1 M t v tr v iu kin ly mu M t v tr Ta ly mu Nhit khng kh m khng kh Vn tc gi Mt giao thng (nu v tr o/thu mu gn ng giao thng) M t v tr Ta ly mu Nhit khng kh m khng kh Vn tc gi Mt giao thng (nu v tr o/thu mu gn ng giao thng) M t v tr Ta ly mu Nhit khng kh m khng kh Vn tc gi Mt giao thng (nu v tr o/thu mu gn ng giao thng)

Mu 2

Mu n

Bng 2.5. Hin trng n ti khu vc d n TT 1 2 n K1 K2 Kn Mu Lmax L50 (dBA) LEQA

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TT

Mu TCVN 5949-1998

Lmax

L50 (dBA)

LEQA

Bng 2.6. Hin trng cht lng khng kh ti khu vc d n TT 1 2 n Mu Bi K1 K2 Kn TCVN 5937-2005 d. Cht lng nc mt V tr cc im o c v ly mu nc mt: m t r im quan trc nm trn sng sui no, khong cch t v tr ly mu n v tr d n. iu kin ly mu: ghi r thi gian ly mu v m t iu kin kh hu ti thi im ly mu. Bng 2.7. V tr cc im o c/ly mu nc mt v iu kin ly mu TT 1 Mu Mu 1 M t v tr v iu kin ly mu - M t v tr - Ta ly mu - Khong cch so vi v tr x thi nc ma, nc thi t khu vc d n v cc d n khc ang hot ng nu c. - Nhit mt nc - M t v tr - Ta ly mu - Khong cch so vi v tr x thi nc ma, nc thi t khu vc d n v cc d n khc ang hot ng nu c. - Nhit mt nc - M t v tr - Ta ly mu - Khong cch so vi v tr x thi nc ma, nc thi t khu vc d n v cc d n khc ang hot ng nu c. - Nhit mt nc CO Hm lng (mg/m3) NO2 SO2 NH3 H2S Merc.

Mu 2

Mu n

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Bng 2.8. Hin trng cht lng nc mt ti khu vc d n TT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 pH DO (mg/l) SS (mg/l) Tng P (mg/l) Tng N (mg/l) BOD (mg/l) COD (mg/l) Du m (mg/l) Coliform (mg/l) Kim loi nng (mg/l) Mu Mu 1 Mu 2 Mu n TCVN

e. Cht lng nc bin ven b V tr cc im o c v ly mu nc bin ven b: m t r im quan trc nm trn b bin no, khong cch t v tr ly mu n v tr d n. iu kin ly mu: ghi r thi gian ly mu v m t iu kin kh hu ti thi im ly mu. Bng 2.9. V tr cc im ly mu nc bin ven b v iu kin ly mu TT 1 Mu Mu 1 M t v tr v iu kin ly mu - M t v tr - Ta ly mu - Khong cch so vi v tr x thi nc ma, nc thi t khu vc d n v cc d n khc ang hot ng nu c. - Nhit mt nc - M t v tr - Ta ly mu - Khong cch so vi v tr x thi nc ma, nc thi t khu vc d n v cc d n khc ang hot ng nu c. - Nhit mt nc - M t v tr - Ta ly mu - Khong cch so vi v tr x thi nc ma, nc thi t khu vc d n v cc d n khc ang hot ng nu c. - Nhit mt nc
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Mu 2

Mu n

Hng dn lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n Xy dng v vn hnh bi chn lp cht thi rn sinh hot - D tho cp nht theo Thng t s05/2008-TT BTNMT

Bng 2.10. Hin trng cht lng nc bin ven b ti khu vc d n TT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 pH mn () DO (mg/l) SS (mg/l) Tng P (mg/l) Tng N (mg/l) BOD (mg/l) Du m (mg/l) Coliform (mg/l) Kim loi nng (mg/l) Mu Mu 1 Mu 2 Mu n TCVN

f. Cht lng nc ngm Ly mu t cc ging khoan/o sn c trong vng d n v khu vc xung quanh V tr cc im o c v ly mu nc ngm: m t r im quan trc l ging khoan hay ging o, su ca ging, tn ch h, a ch iu kin ly mu: ghi r thi gian ly mu v m t iu kin kh hu ti thi im ly mu. Bng 2.11. V tr cc im o c/ly mu nc ngm v iu kin ly mu TT 1 Mu Mu 1 M t v tr v iu kin ly mu Tn ch h, a ch Ta ly mu Loi ging (khoan, o) su Tn ch h, a ch Ta ly mu Loi ging (khoan, o) su Tn ch h, a ch Ta ly mu Loi ging (khoan, o) su

Mu 2

Mu n

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Hng dn lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n Xy dng v vn hnh bi chn lp cht thi rn sinh hot - D tho cp nht theo Thng t s05/2008-TT BTNMT

Bng 2.12. Hin trng cht lng nc ngm ti khu vc d n TT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 pH cng (mg/l) TS (mg/l) NH4+ (mg/l) NO3- (mg/l) PO43- (mg/l) Cl- (mg/l) Du m (mg/l) Coliform (mg/l) Kim loi nng (mg/l) Mu Mu 1 Mu 2 Mu n TCVN

g. Cht lng t V tr cc im o c v ly mu t: m t r im quan trc l loi t g, su tng t, nm trong hay nm ngoi d n, nu nm ngoi th c tnh khong cch n v tr d n v nm v pha no ca d n. su tng t iu kin ly mu: ghi r thi gian ly mu v m t iu kin kh hu ti thi im ly mu. Bng 2.13. V tr cc im o c/ly mu t v iu kin ly mu TT 1 Mu Mu 1 M t v tr v iu kin ly mu - M t v tr - Ta ly mu - Phu din - M t v tr - Ta ly mu - Phu din - M t v tr - Ta ly mu - Phu din

Mu 2

Mu n

Bng 2.14. Hin trng cht lng t ti khu vc d n TT Mu Mu 1 Mu 2 Mu n TCVN

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TT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 pH

Mu T trng (g/cm3) m (%) Hm lng hu c (%) Tng P (mg/kg) Tng N (mg/kg) TBVTV (g/kg) Kim loi nng (mg/kg)

Mu 1

Mu 2

Mu n

TCVN

h. Cht lng bn y V tr cc im o c v ly mu bn y: m t r im quan trc nm trn sng sui hay b bin no, khong cch t v tr ly mu n v tr d n iu kin ly mu: ghi r thi gian ly mu v m t iu kin kh hu ti thi im ly mu. Bng 2.15. V tr cc im o c/ly mu bn y v iu kin ly mu TT 1 Mu Mu 1 M t v tr v iu kin ly mu - M t v tr - Ta ly mu - Khong cch so vi v tr x thi - M t v tr - Ta ly mu - Khong cch so vi v tr x thi - M t v tr - Ta ly mu - Khong cch so vi v tr x thi

Mu 2

Mu n

Bng 2.16. Hin trng cht lng bn y ti khu vc d n TT 1 2 3 pH T trng (g/cm3) Tng P (mg/kg) Mu Mu 1 Mu 2 Mu n TCVN

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TT 4 5 6

Mu Tng N (mg/kg) TBVTV (g/kg) Kim loi nng (mg/kg)

Mu 1

Mu 2

Mu n

TCVN

2.3.3. nh gi s liu mi trng nn Da vo cc s liu o c, iu tra v cc thnh phn mi trng nu trn, tin hnh nh gi hin trng cht lng mi trng ni thc hin d n trn c s so snh vi TCVN v mi trng v cc tiu chun khc lin quan ca cc c quan c thm quyn ca Nh nc. Vic nh gi cn tp trung vo cc vn trng tm nu ti mc 2.2, l cc vn c th nh hng n vic thc hin d n cng nh c th chu tc ng do nhng hot ng ca d n. V s dng t v s dng nc cn c nh gi v tim nng p ng v qu t v tr lng nc ca a phng i vi nhu cu pht trin ni chung v nhu cu ca d n ni ring. c bit cn cung cp y thng tin v hin trng s dng t ti khu vc dnh cho d n. i vi c im kinh t x hi, cn nhn mnh nhng thun li v kh khn c th xy ra khi trin khai d n a phng. Cc vn lin quan n kh nng chuyn i ngh nghip, o to cho lao ng ti a phng c bit l cc i tng chu nh hng trc tip ca d n nh b mt t canh tc v.v.. V c s h tng k thut, nh gi c th thun li v kh khn v h thng giao thng, cp in, cp thot nc, thng tin lin lc. V ti nguyn ng thc vt, lu n tnh a dng sinh hc v cc khu vc nhy cm v sinh thi.

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Hng dn lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n Xy dng v vn hnh bi chn lp cht thi rn sinh hot - D tho cp nht theo Thng t s05/2008-TT BTNMT

Chng 3. NH GI TC NG MI TRNG Yu cu: nh gi cc tc ng mi trng ca d n Xy dng v vn hnh bi chn lp cht thi rn sinh hot cn ch ra mt cch nh lng, ton din nhng tc ng tim tng, bao gm nhng tc ng trc tip v gin tip, trc mt v lu di, nhng tc ng tim n v tch lu, nhng tc ng c th hoc khng th khc phc c tim nng ln gy suy thoi, nhim mi trng khu vc. 3.1. Nguyn tc chung nh gi cc tc ng mi trng da trn vic x l mt cch y , nghim tc v cn trng cc s liu thu thp c t d n v t s liu mi trng nn. Qu trnh TM thng c thc hin bng mt s phng php nh: lit k, ma trn, s mng li, m hnh ha v chng ghp bn . Danh mc cc tc ng tim tng t mi hot ng ca d n c xy dng da trn vic thng k cc s liu kho st v mi trng t nhin v mi trng x hi. Cn lu nh gi c cc tc tch cc ln tc ng tiu cc, theo quy m, phm vi v thi gian tc ng. 3.2. Xc nh ngun gy tc ng Trong phn ny lit k cc ngun gy tc ng c lin quan n cht thi; khng lin quan n cht thi cng nh nhng ri ro v s c mi trng do d n gy ra. Mt trong nhng c th c bn ca d n xy dng v vn hnh bi chn lp cht thi rn sinh hot l qu trnh xy dng cc chn lp v vn hnh chn lp rc xy ra hu nh song song. Do vy vic phn chia giai on ca d n s khc vi cc d n pht trin khc cng nghip v h tng khc. 3.2.1. Ngun gy tc ng c lin quan n cht thi Lit k chi tit tt c cc ngun c kh nng pht sinh cc loi cht thi dng kh, lng, rn cng nh cc loi cht thi khc trong qu trnh trin khai d n. Vic lit k cc ngun gy tc ng c lin quan n cht thi c phn chia theo tng giai on trin khai thc hin d n. Cc ngun gy tc ng c lin quan n cht thi chnh i vi d n xy dng v vn hnh bi chn lp cht thi rn sinh hot gm: Giai on thi cng xy dng cc hng mc h tng k thut nh: ng ni b, khu nh iu hnh, khu vc k thut nh nh xe my cng trnh, khu vc + Sinh khi thc vt pht quang v bn bc tch b mt + Bi khuch tn t qu trnh san nn + Bi t qu trnh o p, thi cng xy dng + Bi v kh thi t phng tin vn chuyn + Nc thi sinh hot + Cht thi rn sinh hot + Cht thi xy dng + Du m thi Giai on bt u khai thc v vn hnh + Lng kh bi rc pht thi theo thi gian
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Hng dn lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n Xy dng v vn hnh bi chn lp cht thi rn sinh hot - D tho cp nht theo Thng t s05/2008-TT BTNMT

+ Bi v kh thi ca cc phng tin vn chuyn rc ti bi rc v thi cng c gii ti bi chn lp + Nc rc: cn d bo c bin thin lu lng, bin thin thnh phn theo thi gian; + Nc thi sinh hot + Nc v sinh xe my cng trnh + Sol kh pht tn t h thng x l nc rc + Bn d t h thng x l nc rc + Cht thi nguy hi 3.2.2. Ngun gy tc ng khng lin quan n cht thi Lit k chi tit tt c cc ngun gy tc ng khng lin quan n cht thi trong qu trnh trin khai d n. Vic lit k cc ngun gy tc ng khng lin quan n cht thi c phn chia theo tng giai on trin khai thc hin d n. Cc ngun gy tc ng khng lin quan n cht thi chnh i vi d n xy dng v vn hnh bi chn lp cht thi rn sinh hot gm: Giai on n b v gii phng mt bng + Tranh chp gia ngi dn c quyn li lin quan n d n vi ch u t + nh hng n thu nhp ca cc h dn c quyn li lin quan n d n + Gia tng kh nng tht nghip i vi ngi dn khng c kh nng chuyn i ngh nghip hoc tm kim cng vic mi Giai on thi cng xy dng + Bom mn tn lu trong lng t + Ting n ca cc thit b, my mc, phng tin thi cng + Tnh trng ngp ng + Cn tr giao thng v li i li ca ngi dn + Mu thun gia cng nhn xy dng v ngi dn a phng + Tai nn lao ng Giai on khai thc v vn hnh + Ting n v rung t hot ng ca cc thit b thi cng c gii + Cn tr giao thng v li i li ca ngi dn do hot ng ca xe ch rc + Mi hi t bi chn lp: Mi hi do qu trnh phn hu rc ti cc ang chn lp; Mi hi do qu trnh phn hu rc ti cc ng ca; Mi hi t trm x l nc rc. + Bnh ngh nghip + Tnh trng ngp ng

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Hng dn lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n Xy dng v vn hnh bi chn lp cht thi rn sinh hot - D tho cp nht theo Thng t s05/2008-TT BTNMT

3.2.3. Nhng ri ro v s c mi trng do d n gy ra Lit k chi tit tt c cc ri ro v s c mi trng do d n gy ra. Vic lit k cc ri ro v s c mi trng do d n gy ra c phn chia theo tng giai on trin khai thc hin d n. Cc ri ro v s c mi trng do d n gy ra i vi d n xy dng v vn hnh bi chn lp cht thi rn sinh hot gm: Giai on thi cng xy dng + S c chy n Giai on khai thc v vn hnh + S c chy n do kh bi rc + S c r r ha cht dng cho h thng x l nc rc + St ln nn mng ca chon lp rc + S c hiu sut x l ca h thng x l nc rc khng t tiu chun thit k 3.3. i tng chu tc ng v quy m tc ng Nhim v TM l xc nh quy m v phm vi tc ng ca cc ngun thi t cc hot ng ca d n n mi trng khng kh xung quanh, nc mt, nc ngm, h sinh thi v cng ng a phng. xc nh i tng chu tc ng v quy m tc ng ca tng d n n c th, trc tin cn xy dng tiu ch xc nh i tng v nh gi quy m, nh trnh by c th di y. 3.3.1. i tng chu tc ng Mi trng vt l + Khng kh + Nc mt + Nc ngm + t Mi trng sinh hc + H thc vt trn cn + H ng vt trn cn + H thy sinh Mi trng kinh t - x hi, cn lu c cc ngi dn sng dc theo tuyn vn chuyn rc t im kt ni vi trc giao thng chnh ti bi chn lp rc. 3.3.2. Quy m tc ng Cc tiu ch xc nh quy m tc ng ca d n: Bng 3.1. Tiu ch nh gi quy m tc ng Thi gian tc ng tiu cc ko di Khng khng tc ng
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Hng dn lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n Xy dng v vn hnh bi chn lp cht thi rn sinh hot - D tho cp nht theo Thng t s05/2008-TT BTNMT

Ngn Trung bnh Di Vnh vin Khng Nh Trung bnh Ln

ngn hn 1 nm t 1 n 10 nm hn 10 nm khng th hi phc khng tc ng phn b nh hng t hn 1% ton b phn b nh hng t 1 - 10% ton b phn b nh hng nhiu hn 10% ton b

Mc - hu qu tc ng n ton b thnh phn mi trng ang xem xt

Phm vi tc ng quy m v mt khng gian vng b nh hng, lin quan n cc tc ng tch lu v tc ng xuyn bin gii a phng Vng/quc gia Quc t Trc tip nh hng nm trong khu vc d n c nh hng lin vng, lin tnh c nh hng xuyn bin gii nh hng trc tip v xy ra ng thi vi hot ng ca d n

Loi tc ng phn loi tc ng Gin tip nh hng c lin quan n d n v xy ra chm hn so vi cc hot ng ca d n hoc phm vi bn ngoi khu vc chu nh hng trc tip Tch lu nh hng t t hp cc tc ng ca d n vi cc tc ng ca cc c s ang hot ng v cc d n ang quy hoch Kh nng xy ra xc sut xy ra tc ng Thp Trung bnh Cao < 25% 25 75% > 75%

Trn c s cc tiu ch c xc lp, quy m tc ng ca d n c nhn dng v trnh by trong bng sau. Bng 3.2. Quy m tc ng do hot ng ca d n TT i tng chu tc ng 1 Tc nhn Quy m tc ng Giai on n b v gii phng mt bng

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Hng dn lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n Xy dng v vn hnh bi chn lp cht thi rn sinh hot - D tho cp nht theo Thng t s05/2008-TT BTNMT

TT i tng chu tc ng

Tc nhn

Quy m tc ng

Mi trng kinh t x Tranh chp gia ngi dn Thi gian: c quyn li lin quan n Mc : hi d n vi ch u t Phm vi: Loi: Kh nng xy ra: nh hng n thu nhp ca Thi gian: cc h dn c quyn li lin Mc : quan n d n Phm vi: Loi: Kh nng xy ra: Gia tng kh nng tht nghip i vi ngi dn khng c kh nng chuyn i ngh nghip hoc tm kim cng vic mi 2 Giai on xy dng c s h tng k thut Khng kh Bi khuch tn t qu trnh Thi gian: san nn Mc : Phm vi: Loi: Kh nng xy ra: Bi khuch tn t qu trnh Thi gian: o p, thi cng xy dng Mc : Phm vi: Loi: Kh nng xy ra: Bi v kh thi t phng Thi gian: tin vn chuyn Mc : Phm vi: Loi: Kh nng xy ra: Thi gian: Mc : Phm vi: Loi: Kh nng xy ra:

2.1 Mi trng vt l

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TT i tng chu tc ng

Tc nhn

Quy m tc ng

Ting n ca cc thit b, Thi gian: my mc, phng tin thi Mc : cng Phm vi: Loi: Kh nng xy ra: S c chy n Thi gian: Mc : Phm vi: Loi: Kh nng xy ra: Thi gian: Mc : Phm vi: Loi: Kh nng xy ra: Thi gian: Mc : Phm vi: Loi: Kh nng xy ra: Thi gian: Mc : Phm vi: Loi: Kh nng xy ra: Thi gian: Mc : Phm vi: Loi: Kh nng xy ra:

Nc mt

Nc thi sinh hot

Cht thi rn sinh hot

Cht thi xy dng

Du m thi

t v nc ngm

Sinh khi thc vt pht Thi gian: quang v bn bc tch b Mc : mt Phm vi: Loi: Kh nng xy ra:
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Hng dn lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n Xy dng v vn hnh bi chn lp cht thi rn sinh hot - D tho cp nht theo Thng t s05/2008-TT BTNMT

TT i tng chu tc ng

Tc nhn Nc thi sinh hot

Quy m tc ng Thi gian: Mc : Phm vi: Loi: Kh nng xy ra: Thi gian: Mc : Phm vi: Loi: Kh nng xy ra: Thi gian: Mc : Phm vi: Loi: Kh nng xy ra: Thi gian: Mc : Phm vi: Loi: Kh nng xy ra: Thi gian: Mc : Phm vi: Loi: Kh nng xy ra: Thi gian: Mc : Phm vi: Loi: Kh nng xy ra:

Cht thi rn sinh hot

Cht thi xy dng

Du m thi

2.2 Mi trng sinh hc H thc vt trn cn Pht quang mt bng

H ng vt trn cn

Pht quang mt bng

41

Hng dn lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n Xy dng v vn hnh bi chn lp cht thi rn sinh hot - D tho cp nht theo Thng t s05/2008-TT BTNMT

TT i tng chu tc ng H thy sinh

Tc nhn Nc thi sinh hot

Quy m tc ng Thi gian: Mc : Phm vi: Loi: Kh nng xy ra: Thi gian: Mc : Phm vi: Loi: Kh nng xy ra: Thi gian: Mc : Phm vi: Loi: Kh nng xy ra: Thi gian: Mc : Phm vi: Loi: Kh nng xy ra:

Cht thi rn sinh hot

Cht thi xy dng

Du m thi

2.3 Kinh t x hi

Bom mn tn lu trong lng Thi gian: t Mc : Phm vi: Loi: Kh nng xy ra: Tnh trng ngp ng Thi gian: Mc : Phm vi: Loi: Kh nng xy ra:

Cn tr giao thng v li i Thi gian: li ca ngi dn Mc : Phm vi: Loi: Kh nng xy ra:
42

Hng dn lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n Xy dng v vn hnh bi chn lp cht thi rn sinh hot - D tho cp nht theo Thng t s05/2008-TT BTNMT

TT i tng chu tc ng

Tc nhn

Quy m tc ng

Mu thun gia cng nhn Thi gian: xy dng v ngi dn a Mc : phng Phm vi: Loi: Kh nng xy ra: Tai nn lao ng Thi gian: Mc : Phm vi: Loi: Kh nng xy ra:

Giai on bt u khai thc v vn hnh Khng kh Kh bi rc Thi gian: Mc : Phm vi: Loi: Kh nng xy ra:

3.1 Mi trng vt l

Bi v kh thi ca cc Thi gian: phng tin vn chuyn rc Mc : ti bi rc v thi cng c Phm vi: gii ti bi chn lp Loi: Kh nng xy ra: Mi hi do qu trnh phn Thi gian: hu rc ti cc ang chn Mc : lp Phm vi: Loi: Kh nng xy ra: Mi hi do qu trnh phn Thi gian: hu rc ti cc ng ca Mc : Phm vi: Loi: Kh nng xy ra:

43

Hng dn lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n Xy dng v vn hnh bi chn lp cht thi rn sinh hot - D tho cp nht theo Thng t s05/2008-TT BTNMT

TT i tng chu tc ng

Tc nhn

Quy m tc ng

Mi hi t h thng x l Thi gian: nc rc Mc : Phm vi: Loi: Kh nng xy ra: Sol kh pht tn t h thng Thi gian: x l nc rc Mc : Phm vi: Loi: Kh nng xy ra: Ting n v rung t hot Thi gian: ng ca cc thit b thi Mc : cng c gii ti bi chn lp Phm vi: Loi: Kh nng xy ra: S c r r ha cht dng Thi gian: cho h thng x l nc rc Mc : Phm vi: Loi: Kh nng xy ra: S c chy n do kh bi rc Thi gian: Mc : Phm vi: Loi: Kh nng xy ra: Thi gian: Mc : Phm vi: Loi: Kh nng xy ra: Thi gian: Mc : Phm vi: Loi: Kh nng xy ra:

Nc mt

Nc rc

Nc thi sinh hot

44

Hng dn lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n Xy dng v vn hnh bi chn lp cht thi rn sinh hot - D tho cp nht theo Thng t s05/2008-TT BTNMT

TT i tng chu tc ng

Tc nhn Nc ma chy trn

Quy m tc ng Thi gian: Mc : Phm vi: Loi: Kh nng xy ra:

Nc v sinh xe my cng Thi gian: trnh Mc : Phm vi: Loi: Kh nng xy ra: Bn d t h thng x l Thi gian: nc rc Mc : Phm vi: Loi: Kh nng xy ra: Cht thi nguy hi Thi gian: Mc : Phm vi: Loi: Kh nng xy ra:

S c r r ha cht dng Thi gian: cho h thng x l nc rc Mc : Phm vi: Loi: Kh nng xy ra: S c hiu sut x l h Thi gian: thng x l nc rc khng Mc : t tiu chun thit k Phm vi: Loi: Kh nng xy ra: t v nc ngm Nc rc Thi gian: Mc : Phm vi: Loi: Kh nng xy ra:

45

Hng dn lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n Xy dng v vn hnh bi chn lp cht thi rn sinh hot - D tho cp nht theo Thng t s05/2008-TT BTNMT

TT i tng chu tc ng

Tc nhn Nc thi sinh hot

Quy m tc ng Thi gian: Mc : Phm vi: Loi: Kh nng xy ra: Thi gian: Mc : Phm vi: Loi: Kh nng xy ra:

Nc ma chy trn

Nc v sinh xe my cng Thi gian: trnh Mc : Phm vi: Loi: Kh nng xy ra: Bn d t h thng x l Thi gian: nc rc Mc : Phm vi: Loi: Kh nng xy ra: Cht thi nguy hi Thi gian: Mc : Phm vi: Loi: Kh nng xy ra:

S c r r ha cht dng Thi gian: cho h thng x l nc rc Mc : Phm vi: Loi: Kh nng xy ra: S c hiu sut x l h Thi gian: thng x l nc rc khng Mc : t tiu chun thit k Phm vi: Loi: Kh nng xy ra:
46

Hng dn lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n Xy dng v vn hnh bi chn lp cht thi rn sinh hot - D tho cp nht theo Thng t s05/2008-TT BTNMT

TT i tng chu tc ng 3.2 Mi trng sinh hc H thy sinh

Tc nhn Nc thi sinh hot

Quy m tc ng Thi gian: Mc : Phm vi: Loi: Kh nng xy ra: Thi gian: Mc : Phm vi: Loi: Kh nng xy ra:

Nc ma chy trn

Nc v sinh xe my cng Thi gian: trnh Mc : Phm vi: Loi: Kh nng xy ra: Bn d t h thng x l Thi gian: nc rc Mc : Phm vi: Loi: Kh nng xy ra: Cht thi nguy hi Thi gian: Mc : Phm vi: Loi: Kh nng xy ra:

S c r r ha cht dng Thi gian: cho h thng x l nc rc Mc : Phm vi: Loi: Kh nng xy ra:

47

Hng dn lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n Xy dng v vn hnh bi chn lp cht thi rn sinh hot - D tho cp nht theo Thng t s05/2008-TT BTNMT

TT i tng chu tc ng 3.3 Vn ha x hi

Tc nhn

Quy m tc ng

Cn tr giao thng v li i Thi gian: li ca ngi dn do hot Mc : ng ca xe ch rc Phm vi: Loi: Kh nng xy ra: Mi hi t bi chn lp Thi gian: Mc : Phm vi: Loi: Kh nng xy ra: Thi gian: Mc : Phm vi: Loi: Kh nng xy ra: Thi gian: Mc : Phm vi: Loi: Kh nng xy ra:

Bnh ngh nghip

Tnh trng ngp ng

3.4. nh gi tc ng Vic nh gi tc ng phi c c th ho cho tng ngun gy tc ng v tng i tng b tc ng. Mi tc ng u phi c nh gi mt cch c th v mc , c th v quy m khng gian v thi gian. Vic nh gi tc ng i vi mt d n c th phi c chi tit ho v c th ho cho d n ; khng nh gi mt cch l thuyt theo kiu vit gio trnh, quy ch, quy nh, hng dn. 3.4.1. nh gi tnh hp l v d n a. V tr d n nh gi tnh hp l ca v tr qui hoch d n, cc tiu ch sau c xem xt bao gm: Qui hoch pht trin kinh t - x hi ca tnh; Kh nng n b v ti nh c cc h dn trong khu vc d n; Khong cch t hng ro d n n cc khu dn c ln cn, cc khu vui chi gii tr, sng h, k c b bin v cc khu vc th.

48

Hng dn lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n Xy dng v vn hnh bi chn lp cht thi rn sinh hot - D tho cp nht theo Thng t s05/2008-TT BTNMT

Cc ri ro v thin tai nh l lt, st ln, st l trong khu vc iu kin a cht cng trnh v a cht thy vn trong khu vc d n, nh gi kh nng gy nhim ngun t v nc ngm iu kin thi tit, kh hu (nhit , ch gi, lng ma, bc hi) Cc ngun ti nguyn khong sn trong lng t; Cc di tch lch s vn ha trong khu vc d n; Cc loi ng thc vt qu him trong khu vc d n; Kh nng thot nc ca khu vc; Kh nng cp nc ca khu vc; Kh nng cp in ca khu vc; c. Qui hoch h tng k thut H thng giao thng H thng cp nc H thng cp in H thng thot nc ma H thng thu gom v x l nc thi Bi trung chuyn cht thi rn 3.4.2. nh gi tc ng trong giai on n b v gii phng mt bng Trong phn ny nh gi v d bo cc tc ng trong qu trnh thc hin n b v gii phng mt bng cho d n. Cc tc ng khi: + Xy dng k hoch n b v gii phng mt bng + Trin khai thc hin n b v gii phng mt bng Cc vn cn lm r: + nh hng n thu nhp ca cc h dn c quyn li lin quan n d n + nh hng n kh nng chuyn i ngh nghip hoc vic lm cho ngi dn c quyn li lin quan 3.4.3. nh gi tc ng trong giai on xy dng h tng c s a. Sinh khi thc vt do pht quang Hin trng sinh khi thc vt trong khu vc d n Thnh phn sinh khi pht quang Khi lng sinh khi thc vt c th pht quang Khi lng sinh khi thc vt cn li khng th pht quang Tc ng trong trng hp khng pht quang sinh khi thc vt Tc ng trong trng hp pht quang sinh khi thc vt nhng khng trit Lm r cc tc ng: nhim t v nc ngm b. Bn bc tch b mt
49

Hng dn lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n Xy dng v vn hnh bi chn lp cht thi rn sinh hot - D tho cp nht theo Thng t s05/2008-TT BTNMT

Hin trng lp bn b mt trong khu vc d n Khi lng lp bn b mt c th pht quang Khi lng lp bn b mt cn li khng th pht quang Tc ng trong hp khng pht quang lp bn b mt Tc ng trong hp pht quang lp bn b mt nhng khng trit Lm r cc tc ng: nhim t v nc ngm c. Bi khuch tn t qu trnh san nn, o p, thi cng xy dng Ti lng bi khuch tn t qu trnh san nn D bo ti lng theo tng nm xy dng d n D n tc ng n cht lng khng kh khu vc xung quanh, c bit n cc khu dn c k cn H s nhim bi (E) khuch tn t qu trnh san nn c tnh da trn:

(U / 2,2 )1,3 E = 0,16 k (M / 2 )1, 4


Trong : E = H s nhim (kg/tn) k = Cu trc ht c gi tr trung bnh (Khng th nguyn) U = Tc gi trung bnh (m/s) M = m trung bnh ca vt liu (%) Kh thi t phng tin vn chuyn Thnh phn kh thi Ti lng kh thi t phng tin vn chuyn D bo ti lng theo tng nm xy dng d n D n tc ng n cht lng khng kh khu vc xung quanh, c bit n cc khu dn c k cn Nc thi sinh hot c trng nc thi Lu lng pht sinh Ti lng nhim D n lu lng v ti lng theo tng nm xy dng d n D bo mc tc ng n mi trng xung quanh Cht thi rn sinh hot Thnh phn cht thi rn sinh hot Khi lng pht sinh D n khi lng theo tng nm xy dng d n D bo mc tc ng n mi trng xung quanh Cht thi xy dng Thnh phn cht thi xy dng Khi lng pht sinh
50

d.

e.

f.

g.

Hng dn lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n Xy dng v vn hnh bi chn lp cht thi rn sinh hot - D tho cp nht theo Thng t s05/2008-TT BTNMT

D n khi lng theo tng nm xy dng d n D bo mc tc ng n mi trng xung quanh h. Du m thi Phn loi theo Quyt nh s 23/2006/Q-BTNMT Khi lng pht sinh D n khi lng theo tng nm xy dng d n D bo mc tc ng n mi trng xung quanh i. Ting n do hot ng ca cc thit b, my mc, phng tin thi cng Cc ngun pht sinh ting n Mc n ti ngun ca cc ngun pht sinh D bo tc ng ca ting n n khu vc xung quanh, c bit n cc khu dn c k cn j. Chia ct dng chy v ngp ng Cc nguyn nhn c th xy ra tnh trng chia ct dng chy v ngp ng Kh nng thot nc ca khu vc xung quanh D bo mc ngp ng k. Cn tr giao thng v li i li ca ngi dn Cc nguyn nhn c th xy ra cn tr giao thng D bo mt ca cc phng tin vn chuyn ti khu vc d n D bo mt ca cc phng tin vn chuyn theo tng nm xy dng d n Nhu cu giao thng i li ca cc khu dn c ln cn D bo mc cn tr giao thng l. Mu thun gia cng nhn xy dng v ngi dn a phng Cc nguyn nhn c th xy ra mu thun D bo mc mu thun trong tp trung vo cc vn sau: + S khc nhau v vn ha + Hot ng sinh hot ca cng nhn m. Tai nn lao ng Cc nguyn nhn c th xy ra tai nn lao ng D bo mc thit hi n. Bom mn tn lu trong lng t Kh nng tn lu bom mn trong lng t D bo cc thit hi khi khng thc hin d ph bom mn hoc d ph khng trit o. S c chy/n Cc nguyn nhn c th xy ra s c chy D bo mc thit hi

51

Hng dn lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n Xy dng v vn hnh bi chn lp cht thi rn sinh hot - D tho cp nht theo Thng t s05/2008-TT BTNMT

3.4.4. nh gi tc ng trong giai on khai thc v vn hnh Mc tc ng n cht lng mi trng xung quanh ti mt bi chn lp rc trong giai on vn hnh tu thuc vo thit k v qui trnh vn hnh ca bi chn lp rc . Trong trng hp bi chn lp rc c thit k thnh nhiu chn lp th ngay trong giai on vn hnh t chn lp th hai tr i thi cc trc chuyn sang giai on ng ca khi cn phn tch v nh gi theo cc giai on khc nhau trong vng i ca tng chn lp. a. Kh bi rc pht thi Lng kh bi rc pht thi ph thuc vo cc yu t sau: Thnh phn rc em chn lp m ca rc Lng cht dinh dng sn sng cho hot ng ca vi sinh vt Gi tr pH Nhit Cng tc vn hnh bi chn lp bao gm c nn chn lp. Cc nghin cu cho thy khi rc c nn t trng khong 600 kg/m3 c tc phn hy cc cht hu c nhanh nht Cc kt qu cng cho thy, h s v hng s pht thi kh mtan t cc bi rc ti khu vc cc Quc gia ang pht trin v khu vc kh hu nhit i cao hn hn so vi khu vc cc Quc gia pht trin v cc vng kh hu khc. V l thuyt, lng kh bi rc pht thi c th c biu din qua hm s sau:
Q = LoR (e kc e kt ) QT,x = k Rx LO e-k(T-x)

trong : - Q= lng kh methane pht thi trong nm d bo (m3/nm) - Lo= tim nng pht thi kh methane (m3/T rc) - R= lng rc tip nhn trung bnh hng nm trong tui i ca chn lp (T/nm) - k= h s pht thi kh methane (1/nm) - c=thi gian tnh t khi chn lp ng ca (nm) - t=thi gian khi chn lp bt u tip nhn rc (nm) - QT,x = lng kh methane pht thi trong nm th (T) bi lng rc Rx - x= s nm chn lp rc - Rx = lng rc chn lp vo nm th x (T) - T= nm d bo M hnh trn do Cc Bo v Mi trng Lin Bang M (USEPA) xut v c IPCC xut p dng trong tnh ton lng kh mtan pht thi t cc bi rc [3]. Theo USEPA, gi tr Lo thng nm trong khong 6,2-270 m3/tn rc. Gi tr Lo c xut p dng ti M trong khong 100-170 m3/tn rc[3]; Ti c l 79
52

Hng dn lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n Xy dng v vn hnh bi chn lp cht thi rn sinh hot - D tho cp nht theo Thng t s05/2008-TT BTNMT

m3/tn rc [12] v 230 m3/tn rc ti Thi Lan [1]. Gi tr k theo USEPA, nm trong khong 0,003-0,21 nm-1, gi tr p dng ti M l 0,02 - 0,05 nm-1 [12]; Ti c l 0,058 nm-1 [2] v 0,15 nm-1 ti Thi Lan [1]. Trong iu kin ti TP. H Ch Minh, k = 0,21 nm-1 v Lo = 170- 200 m3/T rc [2]. Nm 1996, IPCC [5] hiu chnh m hnh d bo lng kh bi rc c tnh n cc yu t nh thnh phn cc-bon c th phn hu sinh hc, qui cch thu hi kh bi rc v nhit ti bi chn lp. Bng 3.2. Tng hp d bo lng kh methane theo m hnh ca IPCC 1996 Gii trnh Lng kh methane pht thi (T/nm)=(MSWT x MSWT x MCF x DOC x DOCF x F x 16/12 - R) x (1-OX) MSWT = Tng lng cht thi rn th (kg/nm) MSWF = Lng rc em chn lp (t l) MCF = H s hiu chnh kh methane (t l) DOC = Lng cc bon hu c c th phn hy sinh hc (t l) DOCF = Lng DOC phn hy (t l) DOCF v l thuyt ph thuc vo nhit vng phn hy k kh nh sau: 0,014T + 0,28, trong T = nhit (OC)(Tabasaran, 1981) F= t l CH4 trong kh bi rc (mc nh 0,5) H S HIU CHNH KH METHANE (MCF) Ph thuc vo dng chn lp rc C kim sot : 1 Khng kim sot - lp rc 5 m: 0.8 Khng kim sot - lp rc < 5 m: 0.4 Khng phn nhm c: 0.6 T l DOC (theo trng lng)=0,4 x A +0,17x B + 0,15xC+ 0,3 x D A = t l giy v vi (dt may) trong rc B = t l cht thi lm vn v cht thi hu c d thi nhng khng phi l thc phm trong rc C = t l thc phm trong rc D = t l g, rm r trong rc Ghi ch: t l trong lng t Nhit (0C) Gi tr

53

Hng dn lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n Xy dng v vn hnh bi chn lp cht thi rn sinh hot - D tho cp nht theo Thng t s05/2008-TT BTNMT

Ghi ch: * = lng kh methane pht thi qui i ra m3. b. Kh thi khng phi l metan (Non-Methane Organic Compounds) pht sinh t bi chn lp nh gi mc pht thi hng nm ca NMOCs t bi chn lp cht thi sinh hot, p dng cng thc tnh ton sau: M [ NOMC ] = 2 L0 R(1 e kt )C[ NMOC ]x3.595 x10 9 (1) Trong : - M [NMOC] = khi lng pht thi ca NMOC (tn/nm) - Lo = lng kh methane d kin pht sinh (m3/tn cht thi) - R = lng cht thi trung bnh hng nm (tn/nm) - k = hng s pht sinh kh bi rc/kh methane (nm-1) - t = thi gian hot ng ca bi rc (nm) - C [NMOC] = hm lng NMOC trong kh bi rc (ppmv as Hexane) - 3.595 x 10-9 = h s quy i i vi nhng bi chn lp bit trc lng lng cht thi hng nm th khi lng pht thi ca NMOCs t cc bi chn lp cht thi rn sinh hot c c tnh theo cng thc sau:
QT =

i =1, n

2kL M e
0 i

kti

C[ NMOC ]x3.595 x10 9 (2)

Trong : - QT = tng lng pht thi NMOC pht sinh t bi chn lp (tn/nm) - k = hng s pht sinh kh bi rc (nm-1) - Lo = lng kh methane d kin pht sinh (m3/tn cht thi) - Mi = khi lng rc thi ti th i (tn) - ti = tui ca th i (nm) - C [NMOC] = hm lng NMOC trong kh bi rc (ppmv as Hexane) - 3.595 x 10-9 = tha s quy i Trong trng hp khng c c cc d liu c th, mt s gi tr c th c s dng tng ng nh sau: - k = 0.02 nm-1 - Lo = 230 m3/ tn cht thi - C [NMOC] = 8,000 ppmv as hexane c. Kh thi ca cc phng tin vn chuyn Thnh phn kh thi Ti lng kh thi (bn nh lng) t phng tin vn chuyn D n tc ng n cht lng khng kh khu vc xung quanh, c bit n cc khu dn c k cn d. Mi hi do qu trnh phn hu rc ti cc chn lp
54

Hng dn lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n Xy dng v vn hnh bi chn lp cht thi rn sinh hot - D tho cp nht theo Thng t s05/2008-TT BTNMT

Thnh phn mi hi Hm lng chung (xem mc b) D n tc ng n cht lng khng kh khu vc xung quanh, c bit n cc khu dn c k cn e. Mi hi t h thng x l nc rc Thnh phn mi hi D n tc ng n cht lng khng kh khu vc xung quanh, c bit n cc khu dn c k cn Mi hi t h thng x l nc rc pht sinh ch yu t cc n nguyn m ti c xy ra qu trnh phn hy k kh. Qu trnh phn hy hiu kh cng pht sinh mi hi nhng mc rt thp. Cc sn phm dng kh chnh t qu trnh phn hy k kh gm H2S, Mercaptane, CO2, CH4 Trong , H2S v Mercaptane l cc cht gy mi hi chnh, cn CH4 l cht gy chy n nu b tch t mt nng nht nh. Bng 3.3. Cc hp cht gy mi cha lu hunh do phn hy k kh nc thi Cc hp cht Allyl mercaptan Amyl mercaptan Benzyl mercaptan Crotyl mercaptan Dimethyl sulfide Ethyl mercaptan Hydrogen sulfide Methyl mercaptan Propyl mercaptan Sulfur dioxide Tert-butyl Mercaptan Thiophenol Cng thc CH2=CH-CH2-SH CH3-(CH2)3-CH2-SH C6H5CH2-SH CH3-CH=CH-CH2-SH CH3-S-CH3 CH3CH2-SH H2S CH3SH CH3-CH2-CH2-SH SO2 (CH3)3C-SH C6H5SH Mi c trng Mi ti, c ph mnh Kh chu, hi thi Kh chu, mnh Mi chn Thc vt thi ra Bp ci thi Trng thi Bp ci thi Kh chu Hng, gy d ng Mi chn, kh chu Thi, mi ti Ngng pht hin (ppm) 0,00005 0,0003 0,00019 0,000029 0,0001 0,00019 0,00047 0,0011 0,000075 0,009 0,00008 0,000062

Ngun: 7th International Conference on Environmental Science and Technology Ermoupolis. Odor emission in a small wastewater treatment plant, 2001 f. Sol kh pht tn t h thng x l nc rc Thnh phn sol kh D n tc ng n cht lng khng kh khu vc xung quanh, c bit n cc khu dn c k cn
55

Hng dn lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n Xy dng v vn hnh bi chn lp cht thi rn sinh hot - D tho cp nht theo Thng t s05/2008-TT BTNMT

H thng x l nc rc c pht hin l ni sinh ra cc Sol kh sinh hc c th pht tn theo gi trong khng kh trong khong vi chc mt n vi trm mt. Trong Sol kh ngi ta thng bt gp cc vi khun, nm mc v chng c th l nhng mm gy bnh hay nguyn nhn gy nhng d ng qua ng h hp. g. Nc thi sinh hot c trng nc thi sinh hot Lu lng pht sinh Ti lng nhim D bo mc tc ng n mi trng xung quanh h. Nc rc c trng nc rc Lu lng pht sinh theo thi gian trong nm Ti lng nhim D bo mc tc ng n mi trng xung quanh Tng lng nc r rc t cc chn rc c tnh theo cng thc sau:

Wp + Wsr + Wir = I + R PERs = I E Ss PERr = I E Ss + Wd Sr = PERs + Wd Sr L = PERr + Wgw


Trong : - Wp - Wsr - Wir - I - R - PERs - PERr - Wd - Ss - Sr - E - L - Wgw : Lng nc ma vo chn rc : Lng nc ma chy t xung quanh vo chn rc. : Lng nc b sung cho rc : Lng nc ngm t trn xung : Dng chy trn mt : Lng nc thm qua t : Lng nc thm qua rc : Lng nc sinh ra do qu trnh phn hu rc : Chuyn vo m ca t : Chuyn vo m ca rc : bay hi : Tng lng nc r : Lng nc ngm ln t y h chn rc.

i vi cc bi chn lp cc vn thng gp trong thu gom x l nc rc bao gm:

56

Hng dn lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n Xy dng v vn hnh bi chn lp cht thi rn sinh hot - D tho cp nht theo Thng t s05/2008-TT BTNMT

H thng thu gom thng c thit k thi cng theo nguyn l t chy dn n tnh trng im thu gom cui c su ln v gy nh hng n cng trnh tip nhn nc rc - Lu lng nc rc sinh ra ph thuc rt nhiu vo thit k thi cng ca chn lp rc, ch ma, phng thc vn hnh chn lp rc i. Nc ma chy trn c trng nc ma chy trn Lu lng pht sinh Ti lng nhim D bo mc tc ng n mi trng xung quanh Lu lng nc ma c tnh ton theo phng php cng ma gii hn:
Qma = q x F x

Trong : F (ha) : lu vc tnh ton thot nc ma = 0,15 n 0,95: H s dng chy ly trong lu vc ng vi loi mt ph q (lt/giy.ha) : lu lng n v trn lu vc tnh ton; q = (1,667 x x H2/3 x p1/3)/t0.5 Trong : = 0,041 : H s kh hu ca khu vc tnh ton H=xxx mm/nm : lng nc ma trung bnh hng nm p = chu k trn cng chu k 10 -15 nm t (pht)
p = 2 nm : chu k trn cng

j. Nc v sinh xe my cng trnh c trng nc v sinh xe my cng trnh Lu lng pht sinh Ti lng nhim D bo mc tc ng n mi trng xung quanh k. Cht thi nguy hi Phn loi theo Quyt nh s 23/2006/Q-BTNMT Mc pht thi ca cc loi hnh cng nghip thu ht u t Khi lng pht sinh D bo mc tc ng n mi trng xung quanh i vi cht thi nguy hi vn thu gom x l hin cn rt bt cp do c s h tng tip nhn, x l cht thi nguy hi cha p ng c nhu cu x l c v khi lng cng nh cht lng.
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Hng dn lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n Xy dng v vn hnh bi chn lp cht thi rn sinh hot - D tho cp nht theo Thng t s05/2008-TT BTNMT

l. Bn d t h thng x l nc rc Thnh phn bn d Phn loi theo Quyt nh s 23/2006/Q-BTNMT Khi lng pht sinh D bo mc tc ng n mi trng xung quanh m. Chia ct dng chy, ngp ng Cc nguyn nhn c th xy ra tnh trng chia ct dng chy, ngp ng Kh nng thot nc ca khu vc xung quanh D bo mc ngp ng n. Tai nn lao ng Cc nguyn nhn c th xy ra tai nn lao ng D bo mc thit hi o. S c r r ha cht t h thng x l nc rc Cc loi ha cht s dng Khi lng ca cc ha cht s dng/lu tr ti khu vc c tnh ca cc ha cht Cc nguyn nhn c th xy ra s c r r ha cht D bo mc r r v thit hi p. S c chy/n Cc nguyn nhn c th xy ra s c chy D bo mc thit hi 3.4.5. nh gi tc ng trong giai on ng ca bi rc Mc tc ng n cht lng mi trng xung quanh ti mt bi chn lp rc vo giai on ng ca tu thuc vo thit k v qui trnh vn hnh ca bi chn lp rc . Trong trng hp bi chn lp rc c thit k thnh nhiu chn lp th ngay trong giai on vn hnh t chn lp th hai tr i thi cc trc chuyn sang giai on ng ca. Tuy nhin ch sau khi bi chn lp rc ngng tip nhn rc hon ton v ng ca ton b cc chn lp th khi mi c th coi nh bi rc c ng ca. Cc vn mi trng chnh trong giai on ng ca bi chn lp rc c lin quan n cc hot ng sau: Thi cng lp ph cui cng Vn hnh h thng thu gom v x l kh rc Vn hnh h thng thu gom v x l nc rc Cc vn mi trng v sc kho lin quan n giai on hu ng ca bi rc gm: Kh nng tim tng gy nt lp ph cui cng do qu trnh st ln xy ra trong chn lp rc dn n hu qu pht tn kh rc qua cc khe nt gy tc ng xu n cht lng mi trng xung quanh v sc kho cng ng. c bit cng v cui vng

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Hng dn lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n Xy dng v vn hnh bi chn lp cht thi rn sinh hot - D tho cp nht theo Thng t s05/2008-TT BTNMT

i ca cc cht thi t l cc kh NMOC trong kh rc s gia tng, cc loi kh ny n sc kho cng ng s rt ln nu khng kim sot c. Cc kh chnh ng quan tm trong thnh phn NMOC gm: 11,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane 21,1-Dichloroethylene 31,3-Butadiene 4Benzene 5Chloroethylene (vinyl chloride) 6Dichloromethane (methylene chloride) 7Hydrogen sulfide 8Methanethiol 9Toluene 10Trimethylbenzenes Kh nng tim tng gy nhim t v nc ngm nu xy ra r r ti lp y/ngn nc ca chn lp. nh gi tc ng ca giai on ng ca bi chn lp rc cn tin hnh d bo tc st/ln ca rc trong chn lp rc v nh gi kh nng nh hng ca qu trnh st ln n kt cu v kn ca lp ph cui cng. Ngoi ra cng tc d bo bin thin cht lng nc rc cng cn c thc hin nhm xut/thit k chng trnh gim st hu ng ca bi chn lp rc v xc nh im kt thc chng trnh quan trc hu ng ca bi () chn lp rc. 3.4.6. nh gi tc ng tng hp Vic nh gi tc ng tng hp ca cc ngun gy tc ng trong cc giai on trin khai thc hin d n v ng ca bi chn lp c bit trong trng hp bi chn lp rc c thit k thnh nhiu chn lp rc nhm xem xt mc tc ng tng hp. 3.4.7. nh gi v cc phng php s dng trong TM nh gi v tin cy ca cc phng php TM p dng, mc tin cy ca mi nh gi thc hin; nhng iu cn cha chc chn trong nh gi v l gii nguyn nhn. C tim nng gy ung th C tim nng gy ung th C tim nng gy ung th C tim nng gy ung th C tim nng gy ung th C tim nng gy ung th C tim nng gy ung th

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Hng dn lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n Xy dng v vn hnh bi chn lp cht thi rn sinh hot - D tho cp nht theo Thng t s05/2008-TT BTNMT

Chng 4. BIN PHP GIM THIU TC NG XU, PHNG NGA V NG PH S C MI TRNG

Yu cu: Trn c s cc tc ng mi trng nu ra trong Chng 3, xut mt cch c th cc bin php qun l v k thut mang tnh kh thi cao nhm phng trnh, gim thiu cc tc ng mi trng do vic thc hin d n gy nn. 4.1. Nguyn tc chung Cc bin php gim thiu xut phi m bo cc nguyn tc sau: - Gim thiu ti mc ti a c th c, ngun ti chnh cho php ca ch u t; - Bin php gim thiu phi c tnh kh thi cao, ph hp vi cc mc tiu ca d n; - C phng n ph hp i vi nhng tc ng mi trng khng th khc phc hoc gim nh; - Cc bin php bo v mi trng phi c thc thi sut c qu trnh chun b, xy dng cng trnh v vn hnh. Cc bin php gim thiu nu trn cn c c th ho v ln k hoch cho tng tc ng bt li, ph hp vi v tr v c im ca tc ng. ng thi c l gii r rng v u im, nhc im, mc kh thi, hiu sut/hiu qu x l. Trong trng hp khng th c bin php hoc c nhng kh kh thi trong khun kh ca d n th phi nu r l do v c kin ngh c th cc c quan lin quan c hng gii quyt, quyt nh. Phi c chng minh rng, sau khi p dng bin php th tc ng xu s c gim n mc no, c so snh, i chiu vi cc tiu chun, quy chun, quy nh hin hnh. Trng hp khng p ng c yu cu quy nh th phi nu r l do v c nhng kin ngh c th cc c quan lin quan c hng gii quyt, quyt nh. Bin php gim thiu tc ng tiu cc, phng nga v ng ph s c mi trng c th chia lm 2 nhm: - i vi cc tc ng tiu cc - i vi s c mi trng Bin php gim thiu c phn chia theo cc giai on trin khai thc hin d n gm: - Cc bin php gim thiu trong giai on n b v gii phng mt bng - Cc bin php gim thiu trong giai on xy dng h tng c s - Cc bin php gim thiu trong giai on khai thc v vn hnh 4.2. Cc bin php gim thiu trong giai on n b v gii phng mt bng - Cc vn bn php l lin quan trc tip n cng tc n b v gii phng mt bng cho d n - Qui trnh thc hin n b v gii phng mt bng - T chc thc hin n b v gii phng mt bng - Vai tr v trch nhim ca ch u t - M t s lc phng n n b v gii phng mt bng - Tnh trng thc hin cng tc n b v gii phng mt bng
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Hng dn lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n Xy dng v vn hnh bi chn lp cht thi rn sinh hot - D tho cp nht theo Thng t s05/2008-TT BTNMT

4.3. Cc bin php gim thiu trong giai on xy dng h tng c s a. Sinh khi thc vt do pht quang - C pht quang sinh khi thc vt hay khng - Kh nng pht quang sinh khi thc vt - V tr tp kt sinh khi thc vt pht quang - Phng thc thu gom sinh khi thc vt pht quang - Phng thc vn chuyn sinh khi thc vt pht quang - Bin php x l sinh khi thc vt pht quang b. Bn bc tch b mt - C bc tch lp bn b mt hay khng - Kh nng bc tch lp bn b mt - V tr tp kt lp bn b mt - Phng thc thu gom lp bn b mt - Phng thc vn chuyn lp bn b mt - Bin php x l lp bn b mt c. Bi khuch tn t qu trnh san nn - Cc bin php trong qu trnh vn chuyn nh tm bt che ph vt liu bn trn - Cc bin php trong qu trnh san nn nh san i ra ngay, phun nc d. Nc thi sinh hot - Xy dng h thng x l nc rc ngay t u c th tip nhn nc thi sinh hot ngay trong giai on xy dng c s h tng k thut ban u. e. Cht thi rn sinh hot - S lng cc thng rc sinh hot - Th tch ca cc thng rc sinh hot - V tr t cc thng rc sinh hot - Phng thc thu gom rc sinh hot - Phng thc vn chuyn rc sinh hot - Bin php x l rc sinh hot f. Cht thi xy dng - V tr tp kt cht thi xy dng - Phng thc thu gom cht thi xy dng - Phng thc vn chuyn cht thi xy dng - Bin php x l cht thi xy dng g. Du m thi - S lng cc thng cha du m thi - Th tch ca cc thng cha du m thi - V tr t cc thng cha du m thi

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Hng dn lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n Xy dng v vn hnh bi chn lp cht thi rn sinh hot - D tho cp nht theo Thng t s05/2008-TT BTNMT

- Phng thc thu gom du m thi - Phng thc vn chuyn du m thi - Bin php x l du m thi h. Ting n do hot ng ca cc thit b, my mc, phng tin thi cng - Trng cy xanh c tn cch ly - Xy hng ro kn (nu cn) i. Tnh trng ngp ng - Phng thc san nn - Cc rnh thot nc ma j. Cn tr giao thng v li i li ca ngi dn - iu tit cc phng tin vn chuyn phc v cho d n - Nhn lc thc hin iu tit cc phng tin vn chuyn k. Mu thun gia cng nhn xy dng v ngi dn a phng - Gio dc, tuyn truyn thc cng dn i vi cng nhn xy dng - Gii thiu vi lao ng nhp c v phong tc/tp qun ca ngi dn a phng - Kt hp cht ch vi cc c quan qun l a phng c lin quan thc hin cng tc qun l cng nhn nhp c lu tr l. Tai nn lao ng - Tp hun v an ton lao ng trc khi bt u xy dng d n. - Hng dn v gim st cht ch vic tun th an ton lao ng ca cng nhn xy dng. - Trang b cc phng tin bo h lao ng cho cng nhn xy dng theo cc qui nh hin hnh ca B Lao ng v Thng binh X hi. m. N bom mn tn lu trong lng t - Hp ng vi B t lnh cng binh hoc B ch huy Qun s tnh thc hin - Tin hnh trc khi bt u cc cng vic trin khai thi cng n. S c chy/n - Kh bi rc vi thnh phn ch yu l kh methane, l N - Phng thc phng chng chy - Trang thit b 4.4. Cc bin php gim thiu trong giai on khai thc v vn hnh 4.4.1. Gim thiu nhim khng kh - Trng cy xanh cch ly xung quanh bi chn lp - Ring i vi h thng x l nc rc, cc bin php s c thc hin: o Tun th cc yu cu thit k o Tun th cc yu cu vn hnh v gim st 4.4.2. Gim thiu nhim do nc thi - K hoch hnh ng nhm gim thiu nhim do nc thi
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Hng dn lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n Xy dng v vn hnh bi chn lp cht thi rn sinh hot - D tho cp nht theo Thng t s05/2008-TT BTNMT

Ni dung Lp n xin php x nc thi vo ngun tip nhn Xy dng h thng thot nc ma ring bit so vi h thng thu gom nc thi ca bi chn lp Kim sot nhim nc rc Kim sot nhim nc thi sinh hot Xy dng h thng x l nc rc Vn hnh h thng x l nc rc

Trch nhim

Thi gian d kin

Mc ch

- T chc qun l nc thi ti bi chn lp - Tiu chun nc thi u vo h thng x l nc rc - Cng ngh ti h thng x l nc rc - K hoch v tin xy lp h thng x l nc rc 4.4.3. Gim thiu nhim do cht thi rn v cht thi nguy hi - K hoch hnh ng gim thiu nhim cht thi rn v cht thi nguy hi - Cc bin php c th i vi cht thi rn sinh hot o Ch u t - Cc bin php c th i vi cht thi nguy hi o Ch u t 4.4.4. Gim thiu cc tc ng n mi trng vn ha - x hi - Mi hi t bi chn lp - Tnh trng ngp ng - Bnh ngh nghip 4.4.6. Gim thiu s c mi trng - Phng chng s c st ln y chn lp v rch mng chng thm - Phng chng chy n - Phng chng st - Kim sot cc s c lin quan n cc h thng x l cht thi tp trung o Kim sot s c r r ha cht v an ton tip xc vi ha cht - An ton v in

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Hng dn lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n Xy dng v vn hnh bi chn lp cht thi rn sinh hot - D tho cp nht theo Thng t s05/2008-TT BTNMT

CHNG 5. CHNG TRNH QUN L V GIM ST MI TRNG Yu cu: xut c cc bin php qun l v gim st, quan trc mi trng nhm m bo thc hin c hiu qu cc bin php bo v mi trng c nu trong Chng 4, ng thi kp pht hin nhng khim khuyt trong qu trnh thc hin cng nh nhng biu hin suy thoi, nhim mi trng do d n gy ra kp thi iu chnh. 5.1. Nguyn tc chung Chng trnh qun l mi trng, bao gm c K hoch ng cu khn cp, c tc dng h tr cho vic thc hin v tun th cc bin php gim thiu tc hi v bo v mi trng nu trong bo co TM. Sau khi d n c chp thun v bo co TM c ph duyt, ch u t, c quan qun l Nh nc v mi trng v cc bn lin quan khc thc hin cc hnh ng m bo cc bin php gim thiu xut c lng ghp vo khung k hoch thc hin d n. Trch nhim ca ch u t v b phn chuyn trch mi trng ca ch u t l: - Ch nh n v chuyn trch kt ni cc kt qu TM trong vic nh hng pht trin d n v thay i thit k (nu cn thit); - Thc hin chng gim st mi trng kim tra hiu qu ca cc bin php gim thiu v xut cc bin php iu chnh hoc b sung m bo tun th cc quy nh v cc tiu chun mi trng tng ng (nu cn thit); - Ch nh cc chuyn gia/n v t vn tr gip thc hin cc nhim v nu ch u t khng nng lc; - Phn b kinh ph ph hp thc hin chng trnh qun l mi trng. Nh vy, chng trnh qun l mi trng cn phi bao gm c chng trnh gim st sau thm nh TM, k hoch ng cu khn cp v chng trnh gim st mi trng trong tt c cc giai on thc hin d n. Chng trnh qun l mi trng bao gm cc ni dung sau: - K hoch gim thiu nhim, gim st mi trng v iu chnh cc bin php gim thiu tc hi; - K hoch gio dc/o to v truyn thng; - K hoch phng nga v ng cu s c; - Phn nh trch nhim v t chc, nhn s; - Th tc ghi chp v bo co 5.2. Chng trnh qun l mi trng - Chng trnh qun l mi trng - T chc v nhn s cho qun l mi trng 5.3. Chng trnh gim st mi trng a. Gim st cht thi Gim st cc vn c lin quan n cht thi Ni dung gim st: + Lng xe vo bi chn lp
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Hng dn lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n Xy dng v vn hnh bi chn lp cht thi rn sinh hot - D tho cp nht theo Thng t s05/2008-TT BTNMT

+ Lng rc/xe + Tng lng rc/ngy/tun/thng + n v/t chc c trch nhim thc hin: Ch u t (hoc n v vn hnh bi chn lp rc) + Thi gian d kin gim st: thi gian bt u thc hin gim st + V tr gim st v tiu chun so snh: cc im gim st phi c th hin c th trn s vi ch gii r rng + Thng s gim st: gim st nhng thng s nhim c trng cho cht thi ca d n theo tiu chun, quy chun hin hnh ca Vit Nam + Tn sut gim st: hng ngy Gim st nc rc V tr gim st v tiu chun so snh Bng 6.1. V tr gim st v tiu chun so snh V tr gim st Lu lng nc rc n h thng x l Nc thi u vo ca h thng x l nc rc Nc thi u ra ca h thng x l nc rc Thng s gim st - pH - BOD - COD - SS - Du m khong - Du m ng thc vt - CN- Tng N - Tng P - Phenol - Clorua - Cr - Hg - Cu - Zn - Ni - Mg - Fe Tiu chun Vit Nam v mi trng qui nh Tiu chun so snh

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Hng dn lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n Xy dng v vn hnh bi chn lp cht thi rn sinh hot - D tho cp nht theo Thng t s05/2008-TT BTNMT

- As - Coliform Tn sut gim st: hng ngy Kinh ph gim st Gim st bn d t h thng x l nc rc V tr: im thu gom tp trung bn d ca h thng x l nc rc Thng s gim st: - pH - m - T trng - Cr - Hg - Cu - Zn - Ni - Mg - Fe - As Tn sut gim st: 3 thng/ln Kinh ph gim st b. Gim st mi trng xung quanh Gim st mi trng xung quanh Ni dung gm: + Ni dung gim st: cht lng khng kh xung quanh bn trong v bn ngoi hng ro bi chn lp, cht lng mi trng nc mt, cht lng mi trng nc ngm, cht lng mi trng t + n v/t chc c trch nhim thc hin: Ch u t + Thi gian d kin gim st: thi gian bt u thc hin gim st + Mc ch gim st + V tr gim st v tiu chun so snh: cc im gim st phi c th hin c th trn s vi ch gii r rng + Thng s gim st: gim st nhng thng s nhim c trng cho d n theo tiu chun, quy chun, quy nh hin hnh ca Vit Nam trong trng hp ti khu vc thc hin d n khng c cc trm, im gim st chung ca c quan nh nc. Tn sut gim st: ti thiu 06 (su) thng mt ln Gim st khng kh xung quanh
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Hng dn lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n Xy dng v vn hnh bi chn lp cht thi rn sinh hot - D tho cp nht theo Thng t s05/2008-TT BTNMT

V tr gim st: S lng im gim st khng kh xung quanh ph thuc vo quy m bi chn lp - Bn trong hng ro bi chn lp: t nht 2 im, trong c v tr khu vc iu hnh bi chn lp - Bn ngoi hng ro bi chn lp: c ly ti 4 hng ng, Ty, Nam, Bc (ch cc khu dn c bn ngoi hng ro) Thng s gim st - Ting n - Bi - CO SO2 NO2 - Pb NH3 - H2S - Mercaptan Tn sut gim st: 6 thng/ln Kinh ph gim st Gim st mi trng nc mt V tr gim st: v tr ly mu kho st hin trng, v d: - im tip nhn nc thi ca bi chn lp - 500 m v pha thng ngun so vi im tip nhn nc thi ca bi chn lp - 500 m v pha h ngun so vi im tip nhn nc thi ca bi chn lp - Thng s gim st - pH - SS - BOD - COD - DO - NO2- NO3- NH4+ - Cu - Pb - Zn - Cd
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Hng dn lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n Xy dng v vn hnh bi chn lp cht thi rn sinh hot - D tho cp nht theo Thng t s05/2008-TT BTNMT

- Hg - Cr - Coliform - Du m khong Tn sut gim st: 6 thng/ln Kinh ph gim st Gim st nc ngm V tr gim st: s lng im gim st s ph thuc theo tng quy m ca bi chn lp, c th tham kho bng sau Bng 6.2. S lng im gim st cht lng nc ngm Quy m din tch bi chn lp (ha) 05 5 10 10 25 25 50 50 75 75 100 100 125 125 150 150 175 175 200 200 250 Trn 250 S lng im gim st cht lng nc ngm ti thiu 3 4 6 9 11 13 15 16 17 18 19 20

Thng ngun ca tng nc ngm: t nht 1 im ( 10 m so hng ro bi chn lp) - H ngun ca tng nc ngm: t nht 2 im ( 10 m so hng ro bi chn lp) Thng s gim st: i vi nc ngm, cc thng s gim st s ph thuc vo c trng ca nc rc v c trng nc ngm ti vng d n. Vic la chn cc thng s gim st phi linh ng v cc thng s c th mang tnh ch th m bo cho vic sm pht hin nhng thay i i vi cht lng nc. Mt vi thng s gim st nh: - pH

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Hng dn lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n Xy dng v vn hnh bi chn lp cht thi rn sinh hot - D tho cp nht theo Thng t s05/2008-TT BTNMT

- NH4+ - cng - Coliform - NO3- SO42- Cu - Pb - Zn - Cd - Hg - Cr - Fe - TOC - Phenol - Fluoride - Hydrocarbons Tn sut gim st: 6 thng/ln Kinh ph gim st Gim st cht lng t V tr gim st: c th ly gn v tr gim st nc ngm Thng s gim st - pH - N - P - Pb - Cu - Zn - Cd - Du m Tn sut gim st: 6 thng/ln Kinh ph gim st c. Gim st ng ca bi () chn lp rc Cc thng s gim st - n nh ca bi () chn lp rc (qu trnh st ln) - Lng kh rc pht thi - Thnh phn kh rc pht thi
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Hng dn lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n Xy dng v vn hnh bi chn lp cht thi rn sinh hot - D tho cp nht theo Thng t s05/2008-TT BTNMT

- Lng nc rc - Thnh phn ca nc rc Tn sut gim st: 6 thng 1 ln Thi gian ti thiu 15 nm i vi bi () chn lp c xoay vng nc rc v 30 nm i vi bi () chn lp khng thc hin xoay vng nc rc k t ngy thc hin xong lp ph cui. Kinh ph gim st

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Hng dn lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n Xy dng v vn hnh bi chn lp cht thi rn sinh hot - D tho cp nht theo Thng t s05/2008-TT BTNMT

Chng 6. THAM VN KIN CNG NG Yu cu: Tham vn cng ng c thc hin t c 2 mc ch: - Thu thp cc thng tin v kinh t x hi a phng - Ly kin bng vn bn ca UBND v UBMTTQ cp x v cc vn mi trng lin quan n vic thc hin d n a phng v cc bin php bo v mi trng d kin p dng. 6.1. Thu thp cc thng tin v kinh t - x hi Tham vn cng ng l mt trong cc ngun cung cp thng tin quan trng v cc vn kinh t x hi ca a phng. C 2 ni dung cn thc hin t c mc ch ny l: - T chc hp, phng vn v nghe bo co ca chnh quyn cp x - Pht phiu iu tra kinh t x hi Vic tham vn cng ng thu thp cc thng tin v kinh t x hi cn tin hnh ng thi vi vic kho st, ly mu phn tch hin trang mi trng t nhin. 6.2. Ly kin ca chnh quyn cp x v cc vn mi trng Tham vn cng ng v cc vn mi trng lin quan n vic thc hin d n c tin hnh sau khi c d tho bo co TM. Ch u t cn gi vn bn xin kin ca UBND v UBMTTQ cp x, km theo bn tm tt ni dung bo co TM. UBND v UBMTTQ s nghin cu bn tm tt bo co TM v cho kin nh gi v khuyn ngh bng vn bn. Hai vn bn ny s c a vo ni dung bo co TM (theo quy nh ti khon 2.4, iu 2, Mc III, Thng t 05/2008/TT-BTNMT) Nu cn thit, phi t chc i thoi hoc pht phiu iu tra i vi i din cng ng a phng (i din cc ban ngnh, cc t chc chnh tr x hi v cc t dn c). Kt qu cuc i thoi c ghi thnh bin bn, trong phn nh y nhng kin tho lun, kin tip thu hoc khng tip thu ca ch d n; bin bn c ch k (ghi h tn, chc danh) ca ngi ch tr cuc i thoi v ch d n hoc i din ch d n, km theo danh sch i biu tham d. Cc mu phiu tr li, bin bn hp i thoi cng s c gn vo bo co TM theo quy nh ca Thng t 05/2008/TT-BTNMT (ti cng iu khon nu trn) 6.3. Tch hp cc kin ng gp Tng hp kin ng gp ca UBND cp x v UBMTTQ cp x kin phn hi v cam kt ca ch d n trc cc kin ca U ban nhn dn cp x v U ban Mt trn T quc cp x - Nu nhng kin ng gp kh thi v cam kt s thc hin - Nu nhng kin ng gp cha kh thi v gii trnh l do

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Hng dn lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n Xy dng v vn hnh bi chn lp cht thi rn sinh hot - D tho cp nht theo Thng t s05/2008-TT BTNMT

Chng 7. CU TRC BO CO TM I VI D N XY DNG V VN HNH BI CHN LP CHT THI RN SINH HOT Yu cu: Cu trc bo co TM d n xy dng v vn hnh bi chn lp cht thi rn sinh hot phi tun th hng dn ti Ph lc 4 ca Thng t s 05/2008/TTBTNMT ngy 08/12/2008 ca B Ti nguyn v Mi trng v nh gi mi trng chin lc, nh gi tc ng mi trng v cam kt bo v mi trng. 7.1. M u 1. Xut x ca d n 2. Cn c php lut v k thut ca vic thc hin TM 3. Phng php p dng trong qu trnh TM 4. T chc thc hin TM 7.2. Chng 1: M t tm tt d n 1. Tn d n 2. Ch d n 3. V tr a l ca d n 4. Ni dung ch yu ca d n - Mc ch v phm vi hot ng + Mc ch + Phm vi thu gom + Cng sut hot ng ca d n + Tui th d kin ca d n - Cc li ch kinh t x hi - Qui trnh vn hnh bi chn lp rc - Nhu cu nguyn vt liu - Quy hoch mt bng tng th ca d n - Qui hoch h tng k thut + H thng giao thng + H thng cp nc + H thng cp in + H thng thot nc ma + H thng thu gom v x l nc thi - Chi ph u t - T chc qun l d n - Tin thc hin d n 7.3. Chng 2: iu kin t nhin, mi trng v kinh t - x hi 1. iu kin t nhin v mi trng a. iu kin a l v a cht - a hnh - a cht cng trnh
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Hng dn lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n Xy dng v vn hnh bi chn lp cht thi rn sinh hot - D tho cp nht theo Thng t s05/2008-TT BTNMT

- a cht thy vn b. iu kin v kh tng - Kh tng c. iu kin thu vn/hi vn - Thy vn d. Hin trng cc thnh phn mi trng t nhin - Cht lng khng kh - Cht lng nc mt - Cht lng nc ngm - Cht lng t - Ti nguyn sinh vt + H thc vt cn + H thc vt cn + H thy sinh 2. iu kin kinh t - x hi - iu kin kinh t - iu kin x hi 7.4. Chng 3: nh gi tc ng mi trng 1. nh gi tc ng a. Ngun gy tc ng c lin quan n cht thi - Giai on n b v gii phng mt bng - Giai on thi cng xy dng - Giai on khai thc v vn hnh - Giai on ng ca bi rc b. Ngun gy tc ng khng lin quan n cht thi: - Giai on n b v gii phng mt bng - Giai on thi cng xy dng - Giai on khai thc v vn hnh - Giai on ng ca bi rc c. i tng, quy m b tc ng - i tng chu tc ng - Quy m tc ng d. D bo nhng ri ro, s c mi trng do d n gy ra - Giai on n b v gii phng mt bng - Giai on thi cng xy dng - Giai on khai thc v vn hnh - Giai on ng ca bi rc 2. Nhn xt v mc chi tit, tin cy ca cc nh gi
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Hng dn lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n Xy dng v vn hnh bi chn lp cht thi rn sinh hot - D tho cp nht theo Thng t s05/2008-TT BTNMT

tin cy ca phng php nh gi; chnh xc ca kt qu v cc mc cha chc chn (l do) 7.5. Chng 4: Bin php gim thiu tc ng xu, phng nga v ng ph s c mi trng 1. i vi cc tc ng xu a. Tun th cc phng n qui hoch - Cc bin php - Lit k tng hng mc cng trnh - Kinh ph xy dng/lp t cho tng hng mc - Kinh ph vn hnh cho tng hng mc b. Giai on n b v gii phng mt bng - Cc bin php - Lit k tng hng mc cng trnh - Kinh ph xy dng/lp t cho tng hng mc - Kinh ph vn hnh cho tng hng mc c. Giai on thi cng xy dng - Cc bin php - Lit k tng hng mc cng trnh - Kinh ph xy dng/lp t cho tng hng mc - Kinh ph vn hnh cho tng hng mc d. Giai on khai thc v vn hnh - Cc bin php - Lit k tng hng mc cng trnh - Kinh ph xy dng/lp t cho tng hng mc - Kinh ph vn hnh cho tng hng mc e. Giai on ng ca bi rc - Cc bin php - Lit k tng hng mc cng trnh - Kinh ph xy dng/lp t cho tng hng mc - Kinh ph vn hnh cho tng hng mc 2. i vi s c mi trng - Giai on n b v gii phng mt bng - Giai on thi cng xy dng - Giai on khai thc v vn hnh 7.6. Chng 5: Chng trnh qun l v gim st mi trng a. Chng trnh qun l mi trng - Chng trnh qun l mi trng - T chc v nhn s cho qun l mi trng

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Hng dn lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n Xy dng v vn hnh bi chn lp cht thi rn sinh hot - D tho cp nht theo Thng t s05/2008-TT BTNMT

b. Chng trnh gim st mi trng Gim st cht thi - Gim st trong giai on thi cng xy dng + Ni dung gim st + Kinh ph gim st - Gim st trong giai on khai thc v vn hnh + Ni dung gim st + Kinh ph gim st Gim st mi trng xung quanh - Gim st trong giai on thi cng xy dng + Ni dung gim st + Kinh ph gim st - Gim st trong giai on khai thc v vn hnh + Ni dung gim st + Kinh ph gim st - Gim st hu ng ca + Ni dung gim st + Kinh ph gim st + im (thi gian, tiu ch) kt thc quan trc Gim st khc - Gim st trong giai on n b v gii phng mt bng + Ni dung gim st + Kinh ph gim st 7.7. Chng 6: Tham vn kin cng ng a. kin ca U ban nhn dn cp x b. kin ca U ban Mt trn T quc cp x c. kin phn hi v cam kt ca ch d n trc cc kin ca U ban nhn dn cp x v U ban Mt trn T quc cp x 7.8. Kt lun v kin ngh 1. Kt lun 2. Kin ngh 3. Cam kt a. Cam kt tun th cc phng n quy hoch b. Cam kt tun th cc tiu chun mi trng c. Cam kt trong giai on n b v gii phng mt bng d. Cam kt trong giai on xy dng h tng c s e. Cam kt trong giai on khai thc v vn hnh f. Cam kt trong giai on ng ca bi rc
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Hng dn lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n Xy dng v vn hnh bi chn lp cht thi rn sinh hot - D tho cp nht theo Thng t s05/2008-TT BTNMT

g. Cam kt bi thng thit hi nu xy ra s c mi trng

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Hng dn lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n Xy dng v vn hnh bi chn lp cht thi rn sinh hot - D tho cp nht theo Thng t s05/2008-TT BTNMT

TI LIU THAM KHO


1. Kanoksak Eam o pas at el. Landfill gas generation and recovery in Thailand. 2nd International Methane Mitigation Conference Proceedings, Novosibirsk, Russia, 2000.pp 631-638. 2. Environment Australia. Emission Estimation Technique Manual: Municipal Solid Wastes (MSW) Landfills version 1.1. January, 2002. 3. USEPA. Landfill Air Emission Model (Version 2.01). EPA 68 D1 0117, EPA 68 D3 0033, February, 1998. 4. USEPA. U.S. Methane Emissions 1990 2020: Inventories, Projections, and Oppotunities for Reduction, part 2 Landfills. September, 1999. 5. IPCC. Revised 1996 IPCC guidelines for National Greenhouse Gases Inventories: Reference Manual. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 1996. 6. Guidance on Monitoring of Landfill Leachate, Groundwater and Surface Water. USEPA 2001. 7. Guidance on Monitoring Of Landfill Leachate, Groundwater And Surface Water v 2. SEPA .July 2003. 8. Human health risk in relation to landfill leachate quality. British Geological Survey. DFID Project No. R6532 9. POLLUTEv7. Version 7 Reference Guide 10. Evaluation of Stability Parameters for Landfills. 2002 Virginia Polytechnic Institute 11. Environmental and Health Impact of Solid Waste Management Activities. Health Effects and Landfill Sites. The Royal Society of Chemistry 2002

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Hng dn lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n Xy dng v vn hnh bi chn lp cht thi rn sinh hot - D tho cp nht theo Thng t s05/2008-TT BTNMT

PH LC

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Hng dn lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n Xy dng v vn hnh bi chn lp cht thi rn sinh hot - D tho cp nht theo Thng t s05/2008-TT BTNMT

1. M HNH D BO NHIM NGUN NC Hin nay, c nhiu m hnh d bo nhim ngun nc ang c s dng ti Vit Nam nh: IPC, QUAL, QUAL2EU, QUAL2K, BASIN, SWAT Nhn chung, c th phn chia m hnh cht lng nc sng thnh 3 nhm nh sau: Nhm 1: m hnh dng nh gi nhanh + D bo cht lng nc sng trng thi n nh (steady state) + D liu u vo tng i n gin + H tr nhanh trong vic ra quyt nh + Cc m hnh nh IPC Nhm 2: m hnh d bo cht lng nc khng tch hp trn nn GIS + D bo cht lng nc sng theo thi gian (dynamic) + D liu u vo tng i phc tp + C nhiu thng s ng hc, thng s thc nghim cn phi nghin cu theo thi gian hon thin m hnh + Cc m hnh nh QUAL, QUAL2EU, QUAL2K Nhm 3: m hnh d bo cht lng nc tch hp trn nn GIS + D bo cht lng nc sng theo thi gian (dynamic) + Tch hp cc lp thng tin u vo cho m hnh nh: a hnh, mng li sng sui + Hin th kt qu v khng gian trn nn GIS + D liu u vo tng i phc tp + C nhiu thng s ng hc, thng s thc nghim cn phi nghin cu theo thi gian hon thin m hnh + Cc m hnh nh BASIN, SWAT i vi vic thc hin nh gi tc ng mi trng, c th s dng cc nhm m hnh 1 hoc 2 l . Nhm m hnh 3 l khng cn thit v tnh phc tp trong vic s dng rt cao. 1. Nhm m hnh 1 - M hnh IPC Version: 2.0 1998 T chc pht trin m hnh + Ngn hng Th gii + T chc Y t Th gii + T chc Y t Hoa K Cc c trng chnh - M hnh gm cc mun c lp v 01 mun lin kt. o M hnh cht lng nc sng (BOD, COD, DO, Coliform, cht nhim c coi khng b bin i) o M hnh cht lng nc h (ch yu l BOD v dinh dng N, P) o Ring m hnh tnh ton chi ph kinh t h tr ra quyt nh c lin kt vi cc mun trn

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Hng dn lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n Xy dng v vn hnh bi chn lp cht thi rn sinh hot - D tho cp nht theo Thng t s05/2008-TT BTNMT

Ngun din v ngun im Danh sch cc loi ngnh ngh c phn loi v lit k trong m hnh, qun l di dng cc ISIC. C s d liu v cc ngnh sn xut cho php cp nht Qu trnh tnh ton ti lng nhim pht thi t cc ngnh ngh, cc nh my, d n s dng bng h s pht thi ca T chc Y t Th gii. Bng h s ny c thit lp sn trong m hnh v cho php cp nhp ph hp cho tng a phng. Kt qu d liu u ra di dng cc bng d liu, th v c th xut qua GIS di dng Atlas. Cc thng s u vo chnh M hnh cht lng nc sng o Ch thy lc ca sng o Hin trng cht lng nc sng o Tiu chun cht lng mong mun o Cc ngun im (lu lng, ti lng nhim) o Cc ngun din (non-point source) o Qui m pht trin kinh t x hi M hnh cht lng nc h o Din tch h o Hin trng cht lng nc h o Tiu chun cht lng mong mun o Cc ngun thi vo h M hnh tnh ton chi ph kinh t h tr ra quyt nh: cc thng tin kinh t ti thiu yu cu trong m hnh o Gi nhn cng o Gi nng lng (in) o Gi vt t chuyn dng nh nc gii nhit, x l nc cp, du DO, xng, than hot tnh. Kt qu T trng gy nhim ca tng ngun- bng c th xut ra phn mm excel Ch kinh t kim sot nhim tng hp (long-run)- th M hnh cht lng nc sng o nh gi ti tng nhim cho php thi vo sng o D bo bin i cht lng nc sng trng thi steady state o Xy dng cc kch bn ct gim ti lng nhim o Tnh ton ti lng cn ct gim ca tng ngun thi cht lng nc sng t tiu chun mong mun. o Tnh ton kinh t ca cc gii php ct gim ti lng nhim i vi tng ngun thi khc nhau bng cc phng php khc nhau nh x l ha l, x l bc 1, x l bc 2, x l bc 3

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Hng dn lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n Xy dng v vn hnh bi chn lp cht thi rn sinh hot - D tho cp nht theo Thng t s05/2008-TT BTNMT

M hnh cht lng nc h o nh gi ti tng nhim cho php thi vo h o D bo bin i cht lng nc h trng thi steady state 2. Nhm m hnh 2 - M hnh QUAL2K M hnh QUAL2K l mt phin bn ca m hnh QUAL2E, c vit bng ngn ng Visual Basic chy trn mi trng Excel. M hnh ny c pht trin do s hp tc gia trng i Hc Tufts University v Trung tm M hnh Cht lng Nc ca Cc Mi Trng M (US.EPA). M hnh c s dng rng ri d bo din bin cht lng nc sng v d on ti trng ca cc cht thi cho php thi vo sng. M hnh QUAL2K cho php m phng 15 thnh phn thng s cht lng nc sng bao gm dn in, cht rn l lng v c, BOD5, DO, to di dng chlorophyll, nit hu c (N hu c), amoni (N-NH4), nitrat (N-NO3), pht pho hu c (P hu c), pht pho v c (P), thc vt phiu sinh (Phytoplankton), vi sinh gy bnh, mnh vn t bo (dentritus), kim v tng cacbon v c. M hnh c th p dng cho cc sng nhnh xo trn hon ton. Vi gi thit rng cc c ch vn chuyn chnh ca dng l lan truyn v phn tn dc theo hng chnh ca dng (trc chiu di ca dng v knh). M hnh cho php tnh ton vi nhiu ngun thi, cc im ly nc cp, cc nhnh ph v cc dng thm vo v ly ra. M hnh QUAL2K cng c th tnh ton lu lng cn thit thm vo t c gi tr xy ho tan theo tiu chun. Phm vi ng dng: M hnh QUAL2K c p dng rng ri trong vic d bo din bin cht lng mi trng nc cc sng sui v d on ti trng ca cc cht thi cho php thi vo sng vi cc k hoch hnh ng khc nhau h tr cng tc qui hoch, bo v v s dng bn vng ngun ti nguyn nc mt. iu kin bin: H thng sng c chia thnh cc on sng (reaches), trong ch thy lc, hng s tc phn ng, cc iu kin ban u, cc s liu v lu lng b sung l khng i cho tt c cc phn t tnh ton trong mt on sng. Khng xt dng triu trong qu trnh tnh ton v d bo ca m hnh. Gi thit rng cc c ch vn chuyn chnh ca dng l l lan truyn v phn tn dc theo theo hng chnh ca dng (trc chiu di ca dng v knh) C s ton hc ca m hnh: M hnh QUAL2K m phng cn bng lu lng theo hnh sau: Cn bng lu lng trong m hnh QUAL2K

Phng trnh cn bng lu lng nh sau:


Qi = Qi 1 + Qvo,i Q ra ,i

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Hng dn lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n Xy dng v vn hnh bi chn lp cht thi rn sinh hot - D tho cp nht theo Thng t s05/2008-TT BTNMT

Dng chnh ca sng c phn thnh cc phn on (segmentation) nh hnh v sau: Hnh 2.1. S m phng dng sng trong m hnh QUAL2K

Hnh 2.2. S phn on dng sng trong m hnh QUAL2K

Trong mi on sng s c chia thnh cc phn t tnh ton . Hnh 2.2 biu din mt on sng (n) c chia ra thnh cc phn t tnh ton, mi phn t tnh ton c chiu di x. i vi mi phn t tnh ton, vit phng trnh cn bng lu lng cc dng vo phn t t thng ngun (Qi-1), lu lng nc ly ra (Qxi) v lu lng nc i ra phn t (Qi) h ngun. Tng t ta cng c th vit phng trnh cn bng vt cht cho mt thnh phn vt cht C i vi phn t ny. Trong phng trnh cn bng vt cht chng ta xem c hai yu t vn chuyn (Q.C) v khuych tn ((A.DL.x)/ xx) nh l nhng ng lc vn chuyn vt cht dc theo trc hng dng chy. Vt cht c th c thm vo hoc ly ra khi h thng hoc loi b bi cc ngun bn ngoi v cc ngun bn trong nh qu trnh lng ng, qu trnh chuyn ha sinh hc v ng vt y. Mi phn t tnh ton c xem l xo trn hon ton.
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Hng dn lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n Xy dng v vn hnh bi chn lp cht thi rn sinh hot - D tho cp nht theo Thng t s05/2008-TT BTNMT

Nh vy, dng chy c th c quan nim nh l chui cc phn t tnh ton xo trn hon ton, chng lin kt vi nhau bng c ch vn chuyn v khuych tn nh ni trn. Mt nhm lin tc cc phn t ny c th c xc nh nh l mt on sng m trong cc phn t tnh ton c cng c trng thy lc v hnh hc nh: dc lng sng, mt ct ngang dng chy, h s nhm, hng s tc phn ng BOD, tc lng ca to, ... Phng trnh c bn tnh ton trong QUAL2K l o hm theo khng gian v thi gian i vi mi thnh phn cht lng nc. Phng trnh ny bao gm nh hng ca s lan truyn, phn tn, pha long, phn ng trao i ca cc thnh phn vi nhau, cc ngun v s trm lng ca cc thnh phn ny. i vi bt k thnh phn no, phng trnh tng qut c th c vit nh sau:

M = t (I)

( Ax .Dt .

C ) x .dx ( Ax .U .C ) .dx + ( A .dx ). dC + S x x x dt (II) (III) (IV) (V)

Vi: (I) (II) (III) (IV) (V) Trong : M x t C Ax Dt U

: c trng cho s bin thin khi lng (hay lu lng) theo thi gian. : c trng cho s khuych tn. : c trng cho s lan truyn. : c trng cho s bin thin thnh phn (nng ) theo thi gian. : c trng cho cc ngun t bn ngoi v s lng ng ca cc cht. : Khi lng : Khong cch : Thi gian : Nng : Din tch mt ct ngang : H s phn tn : Vn tc trung bnh

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Hng dn lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n Xy dng v vn hnh bi chn lp cht thi rn sinh hot - D tho cp nht theo Thng t s05/2008-TT BTNMT

Hnh 2.3. Biu din mt on sng (n) c chia ra thnh cc phn t tnh ton

Cc thng s u vo m hnh QUAL2K bao gm cc nhm thng s c bn sau: c trng hnh thi, thy lc/thu vn Hin trng cht lng nc sng c trng h thy sinh Cc thng s v ngun x thi Bng 2.1. Cc thng s thu vn/thu lc Cc thng s Lu lng dng chy (Q) cao so vi mc nc bin (H) p (chiu cao, chiu rng) Khc cong ( vn tc, chiu su) dc lng sng H s Manning (n) c dc sn sng Flow rate n v m3/s m m m3/s; m -

Elevation Weir (height, width) Rating curves (velocity, depth) Channel Slope Manning Side Slope

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Hng dn lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n Xy dng v vn hnh bi chn lp cht thi rn sinh hot - D tho cp nht theo Thng t s05/2008-TT BTNMT

Bng 2.2. Cc thng s thi tit kh hu Cc thng s Nhit khng kh Nhit im sng Vn tc gi my bao ph che ph Cc thng s v nh sng v nhit Air temperature n v
o o

C C

Dew point temperature Wind speed Cloud cover Shade Light and heat

m/s % %

Bng 2.3. Cc thng s cht lng nc Cc thng s dn in Cht rn l lng v c (SS) Oxy ho tan (DO) Nhu cu oxy sinh ho cacbon (CBOD chm) Nhu cu oxy sinh ho cacbon (CBOD nhanh) Nit hu c ho tan N NH4 N NO3 Photpho hu c ho tan Photpho v c Thc vt phiu sinh (phytoplankton) Mnh vn t bo (detritus) Vi khun gy bnh (pathogen) kim Tng cacbon v c To y Cc thng s v bn y K hiu s mi o cs cf no na nn po pi ap mo x Alk ct ab n v mhos mgD/L mgO2/L mgO2/L mgO2/L gN/L gN/L gN/L gP/L gP/L gA/L mgD/L Cfu/100mL mgCaCO3/L mole/L gD/m2

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Bng 2.4. Cc nhm h s Bin s Cc h s phn hy hu c H s oxy ho CBOD nhanh H s thy phn CBOD chm Cc h s v nit v photpho H s thy phn Nit hu c H s Nitrat ha H s Kh Nitrat H s thy phn Photpho hu c Cc h s phiu sinh thc vt (phytoplankton) H s tng trng cc i H s h hp H s cht Cc h s to y H s tng trng cc i H s h hp H s bi tit H s cht H s phn hy mnh vn t bo H s phn hy vi khun gy bnh Bng 2.5. Cc ngun x thi Thng s Tn ngun thi V tr ngun thi Lu lng thi Nhit nc thi Cc thng s cht lng nc thi Oxy ho tan Nhu cu oxy sinh ho cacbon chm Nhu cu oxy sinh ho cacbon nhanh Nit hu c ho tan
86
Cgb

K hiu kdc khc khn kna kdn khp kgp krp kdp

n v 1/ngy 1/ngy 1/ngy 1/ngy 1/ngy 1/ngy 1/ngy 1/ngy 1/ngy 1/ngy 1/ngy 1/ngy 1/ngy 1/ngy 1/ngy

krb keb kdb kdt kdx

n v

Name Location Inflow Temperature DO Slow CBOD Fast CBOD Organic N


km m3/s
o

mgO2/L mgO2/L mgO2/L gN/L

Hng dn lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n Xy dng v vn hnh bi chn lp cht thi rn sinh hot - D tho cp nht theo Thng t s05/2008-TT BTNMT

Thng s N NH4 N NO3, NO2 Photpho hu c ho tan Photpho v c Thc vt phiu sinh Mnh vn t bo Vi khun gy bnh kim axit

n v

Ammonia N Nitrate + Nitrite N Organic P Inorganic P Phytoplankton Detritus Pathogen Indicator Bacteria Alkalinity pH

gN/L gN/L gP/L gP/L gA/L mgD/L Cfu/100mL mgCaCO3/L

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2. NGUYN L M HNH POLLUTEv7 S lan truyn cc cht nhim trong t l mt vn cn quan tm d bo tc ng cht gy nhim t cc ngun nh bi chn lp, s c chy trn. C 3 c ch vn chuyn l bo ton, khuch tn v phn tn. Trong nhiu ng dng, s di chuyn ca cc cht nhim s i theo 1 hng, c th d bo c bng cch s dng phng trnh bo ton phn tn mt chiu cho tng lp [Rowe and Booker, 1985, 1991b; Rowe et al, 1994]. POLLUTEv7 l chng trnh c th tnh c hm lng cc cht gy nhim 1. C ch vn chuyn S lan truyn ca cc cht gy nhim phn hy qua lp b mt lin quan n cc c ch di chuyn khc nhau ph thuc vo cc loi t, bo ha Vn chuyn bo ton C ch vn chuyn bo ton l khi nc thm vo t s mang theo cc cht gy nhim. Cng thc tnh dng chy khi f nh sau: f = n v c = va c trong , - n = xp rng thc ca t, - v = vn tc nc ngm thm qua lp t ct, - va = vn tc Darcy = n v - c = hm lng cht gy nhim ti thi im quan trc Tng lng cht gy nhim thm t ngun nhim vo trong t c th c tnh nh sau: ma = A n v c dt trong , - ma = tng lng cht gy nhim thm vo trong t, - A = mt ct ca bi chn lp. Lu : vn tc di chuyn ca cht gy nhim trong t l vn tc nc ngm thm qua lp t ct ch khng phi l vn tc Darcy. Nu vn tc nc ngm thm qua lp t ct = 0 th c ngha l ko c hin tng vn chuyn bo ton. Hin tng khuch tn Hin tng khuych tn l qu trnh cc ha cht gy nhim trong t s dch chuyn t khu vc c hm lng ha cht cao sang khu vc c hm lng ha cht thp. Cng thc tnh dng chy khi nh sau: f = - n De dc/dz trong , - n = xp rng thc ca t, - De = h s khuch tn thc, - dc/dz = thang o nng . Du tr (-) phng trnh trn l do yu t cc cht gy nhim di chuyn t khu vc c hm lng cao n khu vc c hm lng thp. Tng lng cht gy nhim vn chuyn c tnh nh sau:
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Hng dn lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n Xy dng v vn hnh bi chn lp cht thi rn sinh hot - D tho cp nht theo Thng t s05/2008-TT BTNMT

md = A (- n De dc/dz ) d Vn chuyn khuch tn bo ton i vi lp t bn v st, c ch vn chuyn ti u s l vn chuyn bo ton. Dng chy khi, f, c tnh ton nh sau: f = n v c - n De dc/dz v tng lng cht gy nhim, m, c vn chuyn t bi chn lp l: md = A ( n v c - n De dc/dz ) d Hin tng phn tn Hin tng phn tn l hin tng pha trn trong tng t ngm nc hoc tng t b nt do nguyn nhn bin thin ring bit ng k trong dng chy nc ngm D = De + Dmd Trong , - D = h s phn tn thy lc - De = h s phn tn thc, - Dmd = h s phn tn c hc = v - = s phn tn, - v = vn tc nc ngm thm qua lp t ct. Dng chy khi i vi vn chuyn khuch tn bo ton (bao gm c hin tng phn tn) f = n v c - n D dc/dz Trong tt c cc thng s ging nh cng thc pha trn v D l h s phn tn thy ng lc hc 2. C ch km hm B sung vo cc c ch vn chuyn cp trn, s di chuyn ca cc cht gy nhim cng b kim sot bi c ch km hm. C hai c ch km hm l thm thu v phng x hoc s phn hy sinh hc. 2.1. Thm thu Qu trnh thm thu l qu trnh cc cht gy nhim c tch khi dung dch bng s tng tc vi cc cht rn trong t. S tng tc in hnh l qu trnh trao i cation trong t st v sc ht ca cc cht gy nhim hu c n cc cht hu c trong t. 2.2. Phng x hoc s phn hy sinh hc Tc phn hy phng x c th d on v kim sot bng chu k bn phn r ca cc cht gy nhim. Ngc li, tc phn hy sinh hc l 1 chc nng ca nhiu yu t bao gm s hin din ca cc vi khun, cht nn v nhit . C hai loi thng c m hnh ha bi ln phn hy u tin. 3. Thay i pha Nhiu cc vn trong thc t lin quan n vic thay i pha nh hp cht (v d nh hp cht hu c bay hi: dichloromethane, benzene, toluene,) di chuyn qua mt h thng nhiu pha. ca/w = KH cw/a
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Hng dn lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n Xy dng v vn hnh bi chn lp cht thi rn sinh hot - D tho cp nht theo Thng t s05/2008-TT BTNMT

trong - ca/w = hm lng trong khng kh ti b mt, - cw/a = hm lng trong nc ti b mt, - KH = KH / (R T) (nh lut Henry) (R: hng s kh & T: nhit tuyt i). 4. S di chuyn cht gy nhim mt chiu Theo nguyn l di chuyn cht gy nhim mt chiu: n dc/dt = n D d2c/dz2 - n v dc/dz Kd dc/dt - n c trong - c = hm lng cht gy nhim ti su z v ti thi im t - D = h s phn tn thy lc ti su z, - v = vn tc nc ngm thm qua lp t ct ti su z, - n = xp rng ca t ti su z, - = t trng kh ca t ti su z, - Kd = h s phn b ti su z, - va = nv = vn tc Darcy, - = h s phn hy cht gy nhim S di chuyn cc cht gy nhim trong tng rn nt l hng di chuyn mt chiu dc theo vt nt, nhng cc cht gy nhim c th di chuyn t nhng cho rn nt n vt liu nguyn vn trong c 3 chiu cn li nf dcf/dt = nf Df d2cf/dz2 - nf vf dcf/dz Kf dcf/dt - q - nf cf trong : - cf = hm lng ti ch rn nt su z v thi im t, - Df = h s phn tn thy lc ca ch rn nt, - vf = vn tc nc ngm thm qua ch rn nt - nf = xp rng ch rn nt trn b mt dng chy = h1/H1+h2/H2, - = din tch b mt ch rn nt trn n v khi lng t/ - Kf = h s phn b vt rn nt - q = cht gy nhim di chuyn t nhng cho rn nt n vt liu nguyn vn - = h s phn r cht gy nhim Ghi ch: chng trnh s t ng tnh ton nf, vf, v q t nhng thng tin do ngi s dng cung cp 5. Cc iu kin bin (Boundary Conditions) Chng trnh POLLUTEv7 gii quyt phng trnh di chuyn cht gy nhim mt chiu n cc iu kin bin ti im u v cui ca lp t. Bin nh tng dng chy bng 0 Bin nh c th c p dng khng cho php bt c s di chuyn cht gy nhim no. f (z=0) = 0 cho tt c t
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Hng dn lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n Xy dng v vn hnh bi chn lp cht thi rn sinh hot - D tho cp nht theo Thng t s05/2008-TT BTNMT

Bin nh hm lng hng s Trong iu kin bin, bin nh c th c p dng duy tr hm lng hng s: c (z=0) = cs cho tt c t trong : cs l hm lng hng s ti bin nh Bin nh khi lng hu hn Hm lng ti bin nh: c(t) = c0 + cr t - c() d - 1/Hr f (c, ) d - qc/Hr c() d + Rs /WC (1 - e-Kt) trong : - co = hm lng ngun ban u ti thi im bt u - cr = tc gia tng hm lng vi thi gian do b sung khi lng vo bi chn lp - f(c, , z=0) = dng chy b mt (khi lng trn din tch trn thi gian) xuyn qua lp t ti bin nh - qc = lu lng nc r rc c thu gom trn n v din tch ca bi chn lp trn n v thi gian, nu khng c h thng thu gom nc rc, qc=0. - = h s phn hy u tin c tnh da trn chu k bn phn r - Rs = khi lung cht gy nhim trong cht thi c chuyn sang dng pht tn Rs = p w - c0 WC trong : - p = lng cht gy nhim trong nc trn mt n v khi lng cht thi - w = khi lng cht thi; - WC = th tch nc ca cht thi. - = h s pht sinh c tnh da trn tc chuyn ha chu k bn phn r K khi = ln 2 / K. A gi tr ca = 0 ngha l khng c pht sinh tp trung. - Hr = chiu cao tham chiu ca nc rc v i din cho lu lng nc rc (trn n v din tch bi chn lp) Bin y tng dng chy bng 0 Bin y c th c p dng khng cho php bt c s di chuyn cht gy nhim no. f (z=Hb) = 0 cho tt c t trong : Hb l su ca lp a tng Bin y hm lng hng s Trong iu kin bin, bin y c th c p dng duy tr hm lng hng s: c (z=Hb) = cb cho tt c t trong : cs l hm lng hng s ti bin y v Hb l su ca bin y Tc dng chy c nh Bin y c th c xem nh dng chy c nh i din cho tng ngm nc: c(, z = Hb) = [ f(, z=Hb, c)/nbhb - vb c (, z=Hb)/nb L ] d
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Hng dn lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n Xy dng v vn hnh bi chn lp cht thi rn sinh hot - D tho cp nht theo Thng t s05/2008-TT BTNMT

trong : - c(, z=Hb) = hm lng ti tng ngp nc - f(, z=Hb, c) = tng lng dng chy ti tng ngm nc - nb = xp rng ca tng ngm nc - hb = dy ca tng ngm nc, - vb = vn tc Darcy ti tng ngm nc v dc ca cnh bi chn lp - L = di ca bi chn lp song song vi vn tc vb. dy v hn Bin y c th cng l khu vc v hn, c tnh ca bin y hu ht cc lp l thch nghi vi lp v hn

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Hng dn lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n Xy dng v vn hnh bi chn lp cht thi rn sinh hot - D tho cp nht theo Thng t s05/2008-TT BTNMT

3. MT S THNG TIN V QU TRNH ST LN CA BI () CHN LP RC There are four main mechanisms involved in settlement. They are mechanical (distortion, crunching and reorientation), ravelling (movement of fine particles into large voids), physical-chemical change (corrosion, oxidation, combustion) and biochemical decomposition (fermentation, decay) The settlement with the four main mechanisms occurs in four distinguishable stages (Park et al., 2002). The first one is initial compression, the second is primary compression and the third is secondary compression. Initial compression occurs immediately after the external load is applied in the landfill, and the main mechanism is mechanical. The equation used to calculate initial compression is:

Where

E s = modulus of elasticity (kN/m2)

q = stress increase in stratum (kN/m2)


Ho= initial height of refuse (m) Si = settlement due to initial compression (m).
Primary compression is usually described by Terzaghis theory, calculated by the following equation:

Where

S p = settlement due to primary compression (m) H i = height of refuse after primary compression (m) Cce = modified primary compression index p o = existing overburden pressure at midlevel of layer

p = increment of overburden pressure at midlevel of layer.


Secondary compression takes place over a longer period of time (years) and it is due to creep of the refuse skeleton and biological decay (Sowers 1973). According to a study by Coduto and Huitric (1990), biological decomposition affects between 18 - 24 % of the refuse thickness. Secondary compression becomes more evident when the filling of the landfill is finished (Edil et al., 1990). The magnitude of secondary compression is calculated by the following equations, which assume a linear relationship between settlement and the logarithm of time.

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Hng dn lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n Xy dng v vn hnh bi chn lp cht thi rn sinh hot - D tho cp nht theo Thng t s05/2008-TT BTNMT

Where

C a = the slope of the void-ratio versus log-time curve C ea = the slope of the strain versus log-time curve; rate of secondary compression.
There are four main models which trying to provide a single equation for both primary and secondary compression. a) Logarithmic function (Yen and Scanlon, 1975) expressed the strain rate (m) in terms of strain rate parameters.

Where m = the strain rate (T-1), S = the settlement (L), Ho = the initial height of the landfill, c and d = strain rate parameters (T-1). Sohn and Lee integrated this strain rate to give the settlement over time as

where to is the age of the fill at the beginning of the settlement computation period and t1 is the age at the end of this period. Limits for obtaining a positive settlement give t1 10c / d b) Rheological model: Edil (1990) proposed the reheological model of Gibson and Lo (1961) for secondary compression to predict long term settlement as

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Hng dn lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n Xy dng v vn hnh bi chn lp cht thi rn sinh hot - D tho cp nht theo Thng t s05/2008-TT BTNMT

where

(t) is strain, = compressive stress (M/ L2)


a = primary compressibility parameter (L2/M)

/b = the rate of secondary compression (T-1).


Plotting log10((t)/ t) versus log10t we get the slope of the line = 0.434(/b) and the intercept as log10( ). Denoting tk as the time to complete primary compression we get

c) Power Creep Law: Edil (1990) applied the power creep law as

Where m = reference compressibility (L2/M), n = rate of compression. d) Hyperbolic function has been used first by Ling et al. (1998) as

where Sult = ultimate settlement of the fill at t()

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Hng dn lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n Xy dng v vn hnh bi chn lp cht thi rn sinh hot - D tho cp nht theo Thng t s05/2008-TT BTNMT

4. CC TIU CHUN NH GI HIU QU CA H THNG X L NC THI - p ng tiu chun thi - Vn u t/sut u t Thit b Mt bng - Chi ph vn hnh in Ha cht Nhn cng Cht thi th cp nh bn nguy hi, hi kh thi v.v.. - Duy tu, bo dng - Kh nng nng cp Lu lng x l Tiu chun x thi

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Hng dn lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n Xy dng v vn hnh bi chn lp cht thi rn sinh hot - D tho cp nht theo Thng t s05/2008-TT BTNMT

I. 1. 2. 3.

5. MU PHIU IU TRA X HI HC (i tng: cc h dn c quyn li lin quan n trin khai thc hin d n) S: /200 Ngy thng nm 200 Tnh hnh kinh t - x hi Tn ch h: a ch: .. S nhn khu trong gia nh : ngi Nam: ngi Nam: ngi N: ngi

4. S ngi hin ang lao ng (c thu nhp): ngi N: . ngi 5. Ngh nghip: S ngi

- : ngi - : ngi - : ngi 6. Trnh hc vn: - Sau i hc - i hc v trung cp - Cp 3 (PTTH) - Cp 2 (PTCS) - Cp 1 (TH) : ngi : ngi : ngi : ngi : ngi

- Khng i hc/Cha i hc/Khng bit : ngi 7. Thu nhp bnh qun: .. ng/h gia nh/thng 8. Ngun thu nhp chnh t ngnh ngh: - Dch v - Cng nghip - Nng nghip - Ngnh ngh khc: ...................................................................... 9. Ngun nc cp: - Ging khoan su: m - Nc my (thy cc) II. Tnh hnh nm bt thng tin ca ngi dn v d n 10. Anh (Ch) bit thng tin g v d n?

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- K hoch n b - K hoch di di - Nhng thng tin khc: .. - Cha bit bt c thng tin g Nu bit, do ai cung cp: 11. Gia nh Anh (Ch) mun bit thm thng tin v d n t: - Ch u t d n - UBND phng - Hay mt n v khc: . 12. xut ca Anh (Ch) v cch thc trao i thng tin gia Ch u t/ UBND phng/x vi cc h gia nh trong din n b v gii ta: - Hp dn 1 ln - Hp dn 2 ln - Hp dn 3 ln - Kin ngh khc: ... III. kin v xut ca ngi dn v vic n b 13. Trong cc phng n n b, gii ta di y, gia nh Anh (Ch) s la chn phng n no sau y: - Di di n mt ni mi c gi tr tng ng vi ni hin ti - Nhn tin n b v t mnh tm ch mi - Phng n khc xut phng n khc: .. IV. Kh nng ti n nh cuc sng v chuyn i ngh nghip: 14. Vic di di c nh hng n cng vic hin ti ca cc thnh vin trong gia nh Anh (Ch) khng? C Khng Cha bit Nu l do: .. Nu cu 14 tr li l c, xin Anh (Ch) vui lng tr li tip cu 15, ri chuyn sang cu 16. Nu cu 14 tr li l khng, xin Anh (Ch) tr li tip cu 16 (b qua cu 15). 15. Nu c nh hng n cng vic hin ti th kh nng chuyn i ngh nghip ca gia nh Anh (Ch) l: C Khng Cha bit Nu l do: ..

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16. Theo kin ca gia nh Anh (Ch) th cn bao nhiu thi gian c th n nh cuc sng mi: - Di 01 thng - T 01 03 thng - T 03 06 thng - Trn 06 thng Ngoi nhng thng tin v kin trn, Anh (Ch) cn nhng mong mun hay nguyn vng khc: . . Xin chn thnh cm n s hp tc ca gia nh Anh (Ch) NGI PHNG VN NGI C PHNG VN

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