c Din n Ton hc VMF

p n thi th s 1
Ngy 28 thng 11 nm 2011
Cu I (2 im) Cho hm s (I) : y =
2x
x + 2
1. Kho st s bin thin v v th hm s (I).
Li gii :
Tp xc nh : R = {2}
S bin thin :
Chiu bin thin :
y

=
4
(x + 2)
2
> 0, x = 2.
Hm s ng bin trn tng khong (; 2), (2; +).
Cc tr : hm s khng c cc tr.
Gii hn: lim
x
y = 2; lim
x(2)
+
y = ; lim
x(2)

y = +. th c tim cn
ng l x = 2, tim cn ngang l y = 2.
Bng bin thin :
th i qua O(0; 0) v c tm i xng l I(2; 2)
2
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2. Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ca th (I), bit rng khong cch t tm i xng
ca th (I) n tip tuyn l ln nht.
Li gii : Tm i xng I(2; 2).
Tip tuyn ca th (I) ti im c honh x
0
= 2 c phng trnh dng :
y =
4(x x
0
)
(x
0
+ 2)
2
+
2x
0
x
0
+ 2
Hay 4x (x
0
+ 2)
2
y + 2x
2
0
= 0
Ta c :
d
(I;)
=
|8 2(x
0
+ 2)
2
+ 2x
2
0
|
_
16 + (x
0
+ 2)
4
=
|8x
0
+ 16|
_
16 + (x
0
+ 2)
4
=
8
_
16
(x
0
+ 2)
2
+ (x
0
+ 2)
2
p dng bt ng thc C-si cho hai s dng
16
(x
0
+ 2)
2
v (x
0
+ 2)
2
:
d
(I;)
2

2
Vy max d
(I;)
= 2

2 khi
_
x
0
= 0
x
0
= 4
Do 2 tip tuyn cn tm l y = x v y = x + 8. 2
Cu II.1 (1 im) Gii phng trnh: sin x sin 2x + sin 3x = 6 cos
3
x
Li gii : Phng trnh cho tng ng vi
sin x (2 sin x cos x) + 3 sin x 4 sin
3
x = 6 cos
3
x
4 sin
3
x 3 sin x 2 sin
2
x cos x + 6 cos
3
x = 0 ()
Nu cos x = 0 l nghim ca () th:
_
cos x = 0
4sin
3
x 3 sin x = 0

_
_
sin x = 1
sin x = 1
4sin
3
x 3 sin x = 0
(v l)
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Vy cos x = 0. Ta chia hai v ca () cho cos
3
x ta c :
() tan
3
x 2 tan
2
x 3 tan x + 6 = 0

_
tan
2
x 3
_
(tan x 2) = 0

_
_
tan x = 2 = tan
tan x =

3 = tan

3

_
_
x = + k
x =

3
+ k
(k Z)
Vy phng trnh cho c nghim l x =
_
+ k,

3
+ k
_
, tan = 2, k Z. 2
Cu II.2 (1 im) Gii phng trnh

4 x
2
+

1 + 4x +
_
x
2
+ y
2
2y 3 =

x
4
16 y + 5 (x R, y R)
Li gii : iu kin xc nh ca phng trnh
_

_
4 x
2
0
1 + 4x 0
x
2
+ y
2
2y 3 0
x
4
16 0

_
|x| 2
x
1
4
x
2
+ y
2
2y 3 0
|x| 2

_
x = 2
(y 1)
2
0
Vy x = 2. Vi x = 2 phng trnh tr thnh :
_
(y 1)
2
= 2 y
|y 1| = 2 y
y =
3
2
Kt lun : phng trnh c mt cp nghim (x, y) duy nht l
_
2,
3
2
_
. 2
Cu III (1 im) Tnh tch phn
I =
_
3
0
|x
2
x|
x
2
+ 3
dx.
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Li gii :
I =
_
1
0
|x
2
x|
x
2
+ 3
dx +
_
3
1
|x
2
x|
x
2
+ 3
dx
=
_
1
0
x
2
x
x
2
+ 3
dx +
_
3
1
x
2
x
x
2
+ 3
dx
Xt
I
1
=
_
1
0
x
2
x
x
2
+ 3
dx
=
_
1
0
_
1
x
x
2
+ 3

3
x
2
+ 3
_
dx
=
_
1
0
dx +
_
1
0
x
x
2
+ 3
dx +
_
1
0
3
x
2
+ 3
dx
=
_
1
0
dx +
1
2
_
1
0
d(x
2
+ 3)
x
2
+ 3
+
_
1
0
3
x
2
+ 3
dx
= 1 +
1
2
ln
4
3
+
_
1
0
3
x
2
+ 3
dx
t x =

3 tan t, th th dx =

3
cos
2
t
dt
Do :
I
1
= 1 +
1
2
ln
4
3
+
_
6
0
3
3 tan
2
t + 3
.

3
cos
2
t
dt
= 1 +
1
2
ln
4
3
+

3
_
6
0
dt
= 1 +
1
2
ln
4
3
+

3.

6
Hon ton tng t ta tnh c :
I
2
=
_
3
1
x
2
x
x
2
+ 3
dx
= 2
1
2
ln 3

6
Kt lun : I = I
1
+ I
2
= 1 + ln
2
3
.
2
Cu IV (1 im) Cho lng tr ng ABC.A

c y ABC l
tam gic vung ti A. Gi khong cch gia AA

v mt phng (BCC

)
l a, khong cch t im C n mt phng (ABC

) l 2a, gc gia hai

mt phng (ABC

) v (ABC) bng . Tnh th tch khi lng tr

cho theo a v .
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Li gii :
Dng A

IB

.
Ta li c CC

(A

) nn CC

I.
Do A

I(B

CB) hay A

I = a.
Dng CKAC

Ta li c (BAC

)(CAA

) v (BAC

(CAA

) = AC

Do CK(BAC

) hay CK = 2a
Mt khc

(ABC

, ABC) =

CAC

=
t A

= x, A

= y v CC

= h. Ta s tnh x, y, h theo a v .
Xt cc tam gic ACK v CKC

ta c :
y =
2a
sin
h =
2a
cos
Tam gic A

vung ti A

, do :
1
a
2
=
1
x
2
+
1
y
2
x =
2a
_
4 sin
2

Th tch hnh lng tr ABC.A

: V =
1
2
xyh =
4a
3
sin cos
_
4 sin
2

2
Cu V(1 im) Cho cc s thc dng a, b, c tha mn: 9 (a
4
+ b
4
+ c
4
)25 (a
2
+ b
2
+ c
2
)+
48 = 0. Tm gi tr nh nht (GTNN) ca biu thc:
P =
a
2
b + 2c
+
b
2
c + 2a
+
c
2
a + 2b
Li gii : p dng bt ng thc AM - GM ta c:
a
2
b + 2c
+
a
2
(b + 2c)
9
2

a
2
b + 2c
.
a
2
(b + 2c)
9
=
2a
2
3
Tng t:
b
2
c + 2a
+
b
2
(c + 2a)
9

2b
2
3
;
c
2
a + 2b
+
c
2
(a + 2b)
9

2c
2
3
Suy ra:
P
2
3
_
a
2
+ b
2
+ c
2
_

1
9
_
a
2
(b + 2c) + b
2
(c + 2a) + c
2
(a + 2b)
_
(1)
Li p dng bt ng thc AM - GM, ta c:
a
2
c + b
2
a + c
2
b
a
3
+ a
3
+ c
3
3
+
b
3
+ b
3
+ a
3
3
+
c
3
+ c
3
+ b
3
3
= a
3
+ b
3
+ c
3
(2)
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T (1) v (2) suy ra:
P
2
3
_
a
2
+ b
2
+ c
2
_

1
9
(a + b + c)
_
a
2
+ b
2
+ c
2
_
P
2
3
_
a
2
+ b
2
+ c
2
_

1
9
_
a
2
+ b
2
+ c
2
_
_
3 (a
2
+ b
2
+ c
2
)
t t =
_
3 (a
2
+ b
2
+ c
2
). T gi thit ta c:
25
_
a
2
+ b
2
+ c
2
_
48 = 9
_
a
4
+ b
4
+ c
4
_
3
_
a
2
+ b
2
+ c
2
_
2
3
_
a
2
+ b
2
+ c
2
_
2
25
_
a
2
+ b
2
+ c
2
_
+ 48 0
3 a
2
+ b
2
+ c
2

16
3
Do P
2
9
t
2

1
27
t
3
= f (t) vi t [3; 4]. Mt khc min
t[3;4]
f (t) = f (3) = 1. Suy ra P 1.
Vy GTNN ca P l 1, t c khi v ch khi a = b = c = 1. 2
Cu VI.a (2 im)
1. Trong mt phng ta 0xy cho hai im A(5; 0) v B(1; 2). Hy tm ng thng
(d) sao cho khong cch t A n (d) bng 3 v khong cch t B n (d) bng 1.
Li gii :
Trng hp 1 (d) : x = a
Theo bi ta c :
_
|5 a| = 3
|1 a| = 1
a = 2
Trng hp 2 (d) : y = ax + b
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Theo bi ta c :
_
|5a + b| = 3

a
2
+ 1
|a 2 + b| =

a
2
+ 1

_
|5a + b| = |3a + 3b 6|
|a 2 + b| =

a
2
+ 1

_
_
2a + 6 = 2b
|a 2 + b| =

a
2
+ 1
_
8a 6 = 4b
|a 2 + b| =

a
2
+ 1

_
_
a + 3 = b
|2a + 1| =

a
2
+ 1
_

_
2a +
3
2
= b

a +
1
2

a
2
+ 1

_
_
a + 3 = b
3a
2
+ 4a = 0
_

_
2a +
3
2
= b

a +
1
2

a
2
+ 1

_
_
a = 0
b = 3
_

_
a =
4
3
b =
5
3
_
a =
3
4
b = 0
Vy c 4 ng thng tha mn yu cu bi ton :
(d
1
) : x = 2
(d
2
) : y = 3
(d
3
) : y =
4
3
x +
5
3
(d
4
) : y =
3
4
x
2
2. Cho mt cu (C) : (x 1)
2
+ (y + 1)
2
+ z
2
= 11 v hai ng thng
(d
1
) :
x
1
=
y + 1
1
=
z 1
2
; (d
2
) :
x + 1
1
=
y
2
=
z
1
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c Din n Ton hc VMF
Vit phng trnh cc mt phng tip xc vi (C) ng thi song song vi (d
1
) v
(d
2
).
Li gii : (d
1
) qua M
1
(0; 1; 1) c vect ch phng

S
1
= {1; 1; 2}
(d
2
) qua M
2
(1; 0; 0) c vect ch phng

S
2
= {1; 2; 1}
Mt phng song song vi (d
1
) v (d
2
) phi c vect php tuyn

n =

S
1


S
2
=
{3; 1; 1} v mt phng c dng : 3x + y + z + D = 0 (P).
Mt khc mt phng (P) tip xc vi mt cu (C) th khong cch t tm
I(1; 1; 0) n (P) phi bng

11 :

3 1 + D

11

11
_
D = 15
D = 7
Vy c 2 mt phng tha mn yu cu bi ton :
(P
1
) : 3x + y + z + 15 = 0
(P
2
) : 3x + y + z 7 = 0
2
Cu VI.b (1 im) Tnh tng gm 2n s hng :
S =
1
2
C
1
2n

1
3
C
2
2n
+ + (1)
k
1
k
C
k1
2n
+ ..... + (1)
2n+1
1
2n + 1
C
2n
2n
,
trong C
k
n
l cc h s ca s khai trin nh thc Newton.
Li gii : Nhn xt rng vi mi k = 2, 3, ..., 2n + 1 ta c
1
k
C
k1
2n
=
1
k
.
(2n)!
(k 1)!(2n k + 1)!
=
1
2n + 1
.
(2n + 1)!
k!(2n + 1 k)!
=
C
k
2n+1
2n + 1
Do :
S =
2n+1

k=2
(1)
k
.
C
k
2n+1
2n + 1
=
1
2n + 1
_
2n+1

k=0
(1)
k
C
k
2n+1
C
0
2n+1
+ C
1
2n+1
_
=
1
2n + 1
_
(1 1)
2n+1
1 + 2n + 1
_
=
2n
2n + 1
2
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