Hng dn s dng loadrunner 9.

1. Chng 1: Gii thiu v Loadrunner Ti sao bn nn thc hin kim tra t ng hiu nng phn mm? Kim tra t ng hiu nng phn mm nhm gim bt nhng ri ro ca vic ng dng, nng cp v pht trin phn mm. Kim tra hiu nng phn mm c p dng trong vic kim tra trc khi trin khai h thng ng thi o lng hiu qu hot ng ca h thng v kinh nghim ca ngi s dng. Mt h thng kim tra t ng tt tr li c cho cc cu hi nh: a. Liu ng dng c p ng cho ngi dng mt cch nhanh chng? b. Liu vic x l ca ng dng c p ng c yu cu ngi dng, kh nng chu ti v hn th na? c. Liu ng dng c x l c s lng giao dch theo yu cu kinh doanh? d. Liu ng dng c n nh nh mong mun ca ngi dng v kh nng chu ti khng? e. Bn c chc rng ngi dng s c kinh nghim trong vic khi no th a vo s dng thc t? Bng vic tr li cc cu hi ny, kim tra t ng hiu nng phn mm tc ng lm thay i yu cu nghip v. iu ny cng lm r rng nhng ri ro ca vic trin khai. Hiu qu ca qu trnh t ng kim tra phn mm gip bn c c cc thng tin release v ngn nga h thng downtime v sn sng trc nhng vn gp phi. Nhng thnh phn ca Loadrunner l g? LoadRunner cha cc thnh phn sau y: a. Virtual User Generator: T ng to ra VuGen script lu li cc thao tc ngi dng tng tc ln phn mm. VuGen script ny cn c xem l hot ng ca mt ngi o m LoadRunner gi lp. b. Controller: T chc, iu chnh, qun l v gim st hot ng kim tra ti. Thnh phn ny c chc nng to ra nhng tnh hung (scenario) kim tra. c. Load Generator: Cho php gi lp hng ngn ngi dng, hot ng ca tng ngi s c thc hin theo VuGen script. Kt qu thc hin s c thng bo cho Controller. d. Analysis: Cung cp vic xem, phn tch v so snh cc kt qu kim tra hiu nng phn mm.
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e. Launcher: Ni tp trung tt c cc thnh phn ca LoadRunner cho ngi dng.

Thut ng dng trong Loadrunner a. Scenario: L mt file nh ngha cc s kin xy ra trong mi ln kim tra da trn hiu sut yu cu. b. Vuser: Trong Scenario, LoadRunner thay th ngi s dng bng ngi dng o hay cn gi l Vuser. Vuser m phng hnh ng ca con ngi lm vic vi ng dng ca bn. Mt Scenario c hng chc, hng trm v thm ch hng ngn Vuser. c. Vuser Script: Cc hnh ng m Vuser thc thi trong Scenario c m t trong Vuser Script. d. Transactions: Bn nh ngha mt transactions o lng hiu qu hot ng ca Server. Mt Transaction i din cho ngi s dng di vai tr End-User thc hin theo quy trnh nghip v m bn mun o lng.

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Phng php Load Test l g? Load Test thng bao gm 5 giai on: Lp k hoch, to script, nh ngha Scenario, thc thi Scenario v phn tch kt qu.

a. Plan Load Test: Thit k test case vi cc bc thc hin r rng, v ra cc thng s cn o lng c th b. Create Vuser Scripts: Dng cng c LoadRunner chng ta c th lu li cc thao tc ngi dng tng tc vi h thng di dng script c. Define Scenario: Thit k scenario, nhm gi lp mi trng m phn mm hot ng vi hiu nng ging trong thc t d. Run Screnario: Chy, qun l v gim st vic thc hin performance test e. Analyze Results: Phn tch kt qu da trn thng k m cng c LoadRunner cung cp. Nu kt qu thc t cha p ng c yu cu th phn mm c kim tra cn c iu chnh. 2. Chng 2: Kh nng ca LoadRunner minh ha kh nng ca Loadrunner, bn s phi chy v phn tch mt load test da vo mt ng dng c s d liu, vi 10 user truy cp ng thi. Chng trnh kim tra s m phng mt i l du lch ng thi s dng h thng t v my bay (v d nh: ng nhp vo chng trnh, tm kim chuyn bay, mua v my bay, kim tra tuyn bay v thot khi chng trnh). Trong thi gian Test, bn s theo di xem Web server chy nh th no di tc dng kim tra hiu nng thc t ca Loadrunner. c bit, bn s thy c s gia tng trong mt khong thi gian ging nh trong thc t s nh hng n sever nh th no v cc nguyn nhn gy ra li. Sau khi bn thy c LoadRunner c th c s dng to mi trng ging nh trong thc t nh th no o lng v tr li h thng c p ng c nhu cu thc t khng, bn s tm hiu cc thnh phn ca LoadRunner, iu khin v phn tch chy th nghim ca ring bn v phn tch kt qu kim tra. a. Creating the Load Test: M ca s HP LoadRunner: Chn Start Programs Launcher m ra: LoadRunner LoadRunner. Ca s HP LoadRunner

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M Controller Ti tab Load Testing, click Run Load Tests. Mc nh LoadRunner Controller m ra vi hp thoi New Scenario.

Click Cancel M cc v d v Test: Chn File Open trn menu Controller v m file demo_scenario.lrs trong th mc ci t LoadRunner Tutorial

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Tab design ca LoadRunner Controller m ra v demo_script s hin th trong Scenario Group. Bn c th thy c 10 Vuser c ch nh chy th nghim. Lu rng: Nu bn khng ci t cc hng dn trong th mc mc nh, file script s sai ng dn (hin th mu ). nhp ng ng dn, chn script v click vo mi tn ch xung. Click vo nt Brown chn ng ng dn cho file demo_script sau click OK.

By gi bn sn sng chy th nghim. b. Running the Load Test: Click chn nt Start Scenario, Controller hin th thng tin Scenario. Trong Scenario Group, bn c th nhn thy cc Vuser t t khi ng chy v to ra ti (load) trn h thng. Bn c th xem s p ng ca sever cho nhng hnh ng ca Vuser trong nhng biu trc tuyn.

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c. Monitoring the Load Test: Trong khi to ti trn mt ng dng, bn mun lm th no xem cc ng dng thc hin trong thi gian thc v mun bit im tt nghn u. Bn s dng LoadRunner tch hp mt lot cc bin php theo di, gim st hiu qu hot ng ca mi lp, mi thnh phn trong h thng trong sut qu trnh kim tra phn mm. Xem cc biu mt nh: Theo mc nh, Controller hin th Running Vuser, thi gian p ng cc giao dch (Transaction Response Time), s truy cp trn mi giy (Hits per Second) v minh ha bng th Windows resources. Ba ln u tin khng yu cu phi cu hnh. Windows resources c cu hnh sn sn cho bn thc thi Test. th Running Vuser whole Scenario cho php bn theo di s Vuser ang chy trong cng mt thi gian. Bn c th thy cc Vuser tng bc bt u hot ng c mi pht c 2 Vuser.

th Transaction Response Time whole Scenario cho php bn theo di tng s thi gian phi mt cho mi giao dch c hon thnh. Bn s bit c phi mt bao lu khch hng c th ng nhp vo, tm kim chuyn bay, mua v my bay, kim tra tuyn bay v thot khi h thng.
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Bn c th nhn thy ngy cng nhiu Vuser lm vic trn ng dng di s kim tra, thi gian p ng cc giao dch tng ln v mc dch v cung cp cho khch hng gim xung. th Hits per second whole Scenario cho php bn theo di s lt truy cp (HTTP requests) trn Web server c thc hin bi Vuser trong mi giy khi chy Scenario. iu ny cho php bn thc hin theo s ln ti (load) to ra trn server.

th Windows Resources cho php bn theo di vic s dng Windows Resources c o lng trong mt scenario (chng hn nh CPU, a, hoc s dng b nh) Lu rng mi h thng o tng ng vi mt dng mu trong th ghi ch. Mi hng tng ng vi mt ng trong th vi cng mt mu. Khi chn mt dng th s highlight tng ng trong th v ngc li. Xem thng tin li: Nu my tnh ca bn x l ti nng, c th xy ra li. Chn th thng k li (Error Statistics) trong Available Graphs tree, v ko n vo trong th Windows Resources. th Error Statistics cung cp thng tin chi tit s lng li v thi gian xy ra li trong qu trnh thc thi Scenario. Cc li c nhm li theo source, v d nh v tr trong script hoc tn ca chng trnh to lp ti.

Trong v d ny bn c th thy rng sau 5 pht, h thng bt u gp li v con s tng dn. Nhng li ny c gy ra bi timeouts do thi gian p ng chm. d. Analyzing Results: Khi kt thc vic test. LoadRunner cung cp cc th v bo co phn tch chi tit. Bn c th so snh nhiu th bng cch kt hp cc kt qu t mt s scenario. Ngoi ra, bn c th s dng cng c t ng merge tt c cc th c cha d liu m c Trang 8 th nh

hng n thi gian p ng xc nh nhng g xy ra ti thi im cc vn xy ra. Bng cch s dng nhng th v bo co, bn c th d dng xc nh c im tt nghn trong ng dng ca bn v xc nh

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nhng thay i cn phi thc hin ci thin hiu nng ca h thng. Bn c th m th phn tch kt qu ca Scenario bng cch chn Results Result settings hoc click vo nt Analyze Results. Kt qu s c lu vo th mc ci t Loadrunner ResultsTutorial_demo_res . 3. Chng 3: Building Script to ti, trc tin bn phi build mt script t ng m phng cch x l ca ngi s dng thc. Trong phn ny bao gm cc ch sau: Gii thiu Virtual User Generator (VuGen) Lm th no ghi li hnh ng ca ngi s dng? S dng VuGen ch Wizard Lm th no ghi li mt quy trnh tc nghip to ra mt script? Lm th no xem ni dung ca mt script? a. Gii thiu Virtual User Generator Trong mt mi trng Test, LoadRunner thay th con ngi s dng sc mnh ca my tnh, vi ngi s dng o hay cn gi l Vuser. Cc Vuser to ti trn h thng m phng hnh ng ca ngi s dng v lp i lp li nhiu ln. VuGen hot ng da trn nguyn tc record-and-playback. Khi bn i theo quy trnh nghip v trn ng dng ca bn, VuGen t ng ghi li cc hnh ng ca bn vo trong script t to thnh nn tng ca load test. b. Lm th no ghi li hnh ng ca ngi s dng? bt u ghi li hnh ng ca ngi s dng, bn m VuGen v to mt script trng. Bn in vo script trng bng cch ghi li cc s kin v chnh sa bng tay. Trong phn ny, bn s m VuGen v to mt Web script trng. Khi ng LoadRunner Chn Start Programs Launcher hin th: LoadRunner LoadRunner ca s HP LoadRunner

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M VuGen Ti ca s HP LoadRunner Launcher, click chn tab Load Testing. Click chn Create/Edit Scripts. VuGens Start Page hin th

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To mt Web script trng Ti VuGens Start Page click chn New Vuser Script trong tab Script. Hp thoi New Virtual User m ra, hin th nhng ty chn cho mt script n thc mi.

Mt giao thc l mt ngn ng m cc client s dng giao tip vi cc back-end ca h thng. HP Tours l mt ng dng da trn Web, do bn s to mt Web script cho ngi dng o. Trong mc Category chn All Protocols OK c. S dng VuGen ch Wizard M script trng trong VuGen ch Wizard vi Task pane hin th pha tri. (Nu Task pane khng c hin th th click vo nt Task trn thanh cng c. nu hp thoi Start Recording t ng m, click Cancel). Ch wizard ca VuGen hng dn bn tng bc trong quy trnh to mt script thch ng vi mi trng m bn kim tra. Task pane lit k tng bc trong quy trnh to script. Khi bn i qua tng bc VuGen hin th cc hng dn chi tit trong khu vc chnh ca ca s. Web (HTTP/HTML)

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Bn c th ty chnh ca s VuGen ca bn hin th hoc n cc thanh cng c. hin th hoc n cc thanh cng c chn View Toolbar v chuyn trng thi nh du vo cc cng c m bn mun hoc khng mun hin th. Bn c th quay li bt k giai on no bng cch m Task pane v chn vo mt trong nhng bc trong task. d. Lm th no ghi li mt quy trnh nghip v to ra mt script? Bc k tip trong vic to ra ngi dng m phng, ghi li cc s kin c thc thi bi ngi dng thc. Trong phn ny bn to ra mt Web script rng. By gi bn c th bt u ghi li cc s kin trc tip vo trong script. Trong phn ny, bn s theo di cc s kin ca mt hnh khch t trc mt chuyn bay t Denver n Los Angeles v sau kim tra hnh trnh chuyn bay. script: ghi

Bt u ghi trn trang web HP Tours Click Record Application ti bc 1 trong Task pane. Click Start Recording di cng ca hng dn.

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Ngoi ra, bn c th chn Vuser cng c pha trn. Hp thoi Start Recording m ra:

Start Record hoc chn nt Start Record thanh

Ti URL Address nhp vo http://localhost:1080/WebTours Ti Record into Action chn Action. Click OK Mt trnh duyt Web mi m ra v hin th trang Web HP Tours

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Lu : Nu c li khi m trang web v chc chn rng web server ang chy. Khi ng server chn Start Programs Loadrunner Samples Web Start Web Server. Thanh cng c Recording m ra.

ng nhp vo web site HP Tours Bn ng nhp vi username l jojo v password l been. Trang wellcome s m ra Nhp thng tin chi tit chuyn bay Click Flights. Trang tm kim chuyn bay m ra: Departure Date: Mc nh l ngy hin ti Arrival City: Los Angeles Return Date: Mc nh l ngy hm sau Seating Preference: Aisle Gi mc nh cc phn cn li v click Continue. Trang kt qu tm kim (Search Results) m ra. Chn chuyn bay Click Continue chp nhn chuyn bay c chn mc nh. Trang thng tin chi tit thanh ton (Payment Details) m ra. Nhp thng tin thanh ton v t ch chuyn bay Credit Card:
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12345678 Exp Date: 06/06 Click Continue. Trang Invoice m ra, hin th ha n ca bn. Kim tra hnh trnh Click Itinerary pane tri. Trang Itinerary m ra Click Sign Off pane tri Click Stop trn thanh cng c dng li qu trnh ghi. Ca s pop up Code Generation m ra trong khi Vuser script c to ra. VuGen wizard th t ng chuyn n bc k tip trong Task pane v hin th thng tin tm tt. (Nu bn khng xem c thng tin tm tt, click Recording Summary trong Task pane).

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Recording Summary bao gm thng tin cc giao thc v danh sch cc hnh ng c to ra trong sut thi gian thc thi. Mi bc bn thc thi trong qu trnh ghi VuGen to ra mt nh chp cho mt mn hnh trong thi gian ghi. Thumbnails ca nhng bc nh c ghi li c hin th pane phi. Nu v l do no , bn mun ghi li script ca bn, bn c th click nt Record Again cui cng ca trang. Chn File Save hoc click nt Save, nhp vo tn file v lu li. Vugen lu li trong th mc Loadrunner script v hin th tn script trong thanh tiu . e. Lm th no xem ni dung ca mt script? By gi bn c mt mu tin v mt khch du lch ng nhp vo chng trnh, t v chuyn bay v thot khi chng trnh. VuGen ghi li tng bc ca bn t lc bn bt u click vo nt Start Record n khi bn click vo nt Stop. By gi bn c th xem script trong VuGen. Bn c th xem script trong Tree View hoc Script View. Tree View l mt icon-base lit k nhng hnh ng ca Vuser theo tng bc. Trong khi xem script l xem mt text-base lit k nhng hnh ng ca Vuser theo tng function. Tree View xem script trong Tree View chn View Tree View hoc click vo nt Tree View. xem Tree View qua ton b ca s. Loi b Task pane bng cch click vo nt Task. Vi mi bc bn thc hin trong thi gian ghi. VuGen to ra mt biu tng v mt tiu trn Test Tree. Trong Tree View bn thy c nhng hnh ng ca ngi s dng theo script tng bc. Hu ht nhng bc ny c km theo mt bn chp tng ng trong qu trnh ghi. Cc nh chp lm cho script d hiu hn v d dng chia s gia cc thnh vin bi v bn c th xem chnh xc nhng mn hnh c ghi li. Bn c th so snh cc nh chp sau xc minh chnh xc ca script. VuGen cng to ra nh chp cho mi bc
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trong qu trnh chy li.

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Click vo du cng (+) bn cnh mi bc trong Test Tree. Bn xem Think Time c ghi li trong khi bn t v chuyn bay. Think Time tng trng cho thi gian thc m bn ch gia cc bc v c th c s dng m phng nhanh chng v lm chm hnh vi ca ngi s dng di ti. Think time l mt c ch m nh bn c th to load test phn nh thc s chnh xc hnh ng ca ngi s dng tht. Script View Script view l mt text-based lit k cc hnh ng ca Vuser bng hm API. xem cc tp lnh trong script chn View Script View hoc click nt Script View.

Trong Script View, VuGen hin th script trong mt chng trnh bin son vi mu sc ng vi hm v gi tr tham s. Bn c th nhp bng ngn ng C hoc bng hm LoadRunner API, cng nh kim sot lung x l r rng v trc tip trong ca s ny. 4. Chng 4: Chy li Script ca bn Bng cch ghi li nhng hnh ng ca ngi s dng nh l t v my bay, bn to ra mt m phng ngi dng thc. Bn chy li script c ghi xc minh rng n chy ng trc khi bn kt hp n vo trong Scenario load test. Trong thi gian chy li, bn c th xem nhng hnh ng trong mt trnh duyt v xem th mi th c nh bn mong i. Nu script chy khng ng, bn c th cn phi thm s tng quan nh c m t chng 5. Trc khi chy li script, bn c th cu hnh thi gian chy (Run-Time Settings), n s gip bn thit lp hnh vi ca Vuser. Trong phn ny bao gm cc ch sau y: Lm th no thit lp thi gian chy (Run-Time Settings)? Lm th no xem script ca bn ang chy trong thi gian
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thc? Xem thng tin chy li u? Lm th no bit c nu kim tra ca bn pass? - Lm th no tm kim hay lc cc kt qu?

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a. Lm th no thit lp thi gian chy (Run-Time Settings)? Ci t thi gian chy trong LoadRunner gip bn m phng nhng tnh cht khc nhau ca hot ng v hnh vi ca ngi s dng thc. V d, bn c th m phng mt ngi s dng p ng ngay lp tc thng tin t server, hay mt ngi dng dng li trc mi phn hi. Bn cng c th cu hnh ci t thi gian chy xc nh c bao nhiu ln Vuser nn lp li cc hnh ng v thng xuyn nh th no. Hin c ci t thi gian chy chung v ci t c th cho mt s loi Vuser. V d nh mt Website m phng, bn c th cho cc Vuser chy trong Netscape thay v trong Internet Explorer. C th ci t nh th no s c trnh by trong chng 6. Trong phn ny, ci t thi gian chy chung c p dng cho tt c cc loi script. Bao gm: Run Logic: S ln lp li Pacing: Thi gian ch gia cc ln lp Think Time: Thi gian ngi s dng dng ngh gia cc bc Log: Mc thng tin m bn mun thu thp trong qu trnh chy li Lu rng bn cng c th sa i ci t thi gian chy t LoadRunner Controller. M ci t thi gian chy (Run-time settings) Chc chn rng Task pane c hin th (Nu khng click vo nt Task). Click Verify Replay trong Task pane. Bn di tiu Run Time Settings click vo ng link Open Run-Time Settings. Ngoi ra, bn c th bm F4 hoc click vo nt Run-Time Settings trn thanh cng c. Hp thoi ci t Run-Time m ra.

M ci t Run Logic Chn nt Run

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Logic Trong nt ny bn thit lp s ln lp li, hay s ln lp li cc hnh ng trong chui. Thit lp s ln lp n 2.

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Thit lp cu hnh Pacing Chn nt Pacing

Nt ny cho php bn kim sot thi gian gia cc ln lp. Bn s ch nh mt thi gian ngu nhin. Nhng m phng chnh xc mt cu hnh real-life ni m ngi s dng ch gia cc hnh ng, nhng ti nhng khong thi gian ngu nhin bn khng th thy c ngi s dng thc ch chnh xc 60 giy gia cc ln lp. Chn option th ba v chn cc thng tin sau: At Random intervals, every 60.000 to 90.000 sec Thit lp ci t log Chn Log nt

Ci t Log ghi li thng tin trong qu trnh chy kim tra. Trong qu trnh trin khai, bn c th chn Enable logging cho mc ch debug, nhng mt khi bn xc nh c rng script ca bn l function, bn c th Enable logging ch tm li hoc Disable n. Chn Extended Substitution. log v hin th Parameter

Xem ci t thi gian

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Chn Time

nt

Think

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