PHN II THUT NG V K HIU MI HN

THUT NG THUT NG 1. MT S KHI NIM 1.1 HIP HI AWS : American Welding Society. Hip hi hn M. p dng cho hn kt cu thp.

ASME : American Society Mechanical Engineers. Hip hi k s c kh M. p dng cho ch to ni hi v bnh, bn p lc. ASTM : American Society for Testing and Meterials. Hip hi M v vn kim tra v vt liu. p dng cho vt liu v kim tra. API : American Petrolium Institute. Quc gia Vin du m M. p dng cho ch to tc cha, bn cha.

1.2 QUC GIA KS JIS ANSI DIN 1.3 QUC T ISO : International Organization of Standardization T chc Tiu chun ho tiu chun Quc t
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: Korean Industrial Standard Tiu chun cng nghip Nam Triu Tin. : Japanese Industrial Standard Tiu chun cng nghip Nht Bn. : American National Standard Institute. Vin tiu chun quc gia M. : Deutschs Institute for Normung Quy phm ca vin quc gia c

Thut ng v k hiu mi hn VTH/Apave

2. THUT NG PHNG PHP HN CNG VI NH NGHA Flux Cored Arc Welding - (FCAW). Hn h quang dy hn c li thuc. L phng php hn h quang to ra s lin kt ca cc kim loi bng cch t nng chng bng h quang gia kim loi in y nng chy lin tc (in cc nng chy) v vt liu hn c bn. S bo v thu c t thuc hn nm bn trong li ca dy hn hnh ng. Phong php ny khng dng n kh bo v hoc c bo v thm bng kh hoc hn hp kh t ngun cung cp kh bn ngoi. Gas Metal Arc Welding - (GMAW). Hn h quang kim loi trong mi trng kh. L phng php hn h quang to ra s lin kt ca cc kim loi bng cch t nng chng bng h quang gia kim loi in y nng chy lin tc (dy hn nng chy) v vt hn. Kh bo v thu c hon ton t ngun cung cp kh hoc kh trn bn ngoi. Mt vi bin i ca phng php ny c gi l MIG, CO2, hoc hn MAG. Gas Tungsten Arc Welding - (GTAW). Hn h quang in cc tungsten trong mi trng kh. L phng php hn h quang to ra s lin kt ca cc kim loi bng cch t nng chng bng h quang gia in cc Tungsten khng nng chy v vt hn. S bo v thu c t kh hoc kh trn. Phng php ny thng c gi l hn TIG. Shielded Metal Arc Welding - (SMAW). Hn h quang tay.(Hn h quang que hn c v bc). L phng php hn h quang to ra s lin kt ca cc kim loi bng cch t nng chng bng h quang gia que hn c thuc bc v vt hn. S bo v thu c t s phn hu ca thuc bc que hn khi chy. Khng s dng lc p v kim loi in y thu c t que hn. Submerged Arc Welding (SAW). Hn h quang di lp thuc. L phng php hn h quang to ra s lin kt ca cc kim loi bng cch t nng chng cng vi mt h quang hoc nhiu h quang gia mt in cc kim loi trn hoc nhiu in cc v vt hn. H quang v kim loi nng chy c bo v bng lp chn hoc dng ht (thuc hn), l loi vt liu nng chy c ph bn trn vt hn. Khng s dng n p lc to mi hn, v kim loi in y thu c t in cc v mt vi phn t ngun b xung (hn dy li thuc, hoc kim loi dng ht)
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3. CC MINH HO MI LIN KT HN Cc mi hn c th c ng dng

Rnh vung Rnh ch V Rnh vt xin Rnh ch U Hn in tr i u Rnh ch J Rnh -V- loe Rnh vt xin loe Hn nng chay i u

Lin kt u u (Butt joint)

Cc mi hn c th c ng dng
Mi hn gc Rnh vung Rnh ch V Rnh vt xin Rnh ch J Rnh -V- loe Rnh ch U Rnh vt xin loe Hn im Hn in cc gi Hn ng lin Hn nng chy i u Mi hn gc b g Mi hn cnh b g

Lin kt gc (Corner joint)

Cc mi hn c th c ng dng
Hn gc Hn nt Hn khe hp Rnh vt xin Rnh ch J Rnh vt xin loe Hn im Hn in cc gi Hn ng lin

Lin kt chng (Lap joint)

Cc mi hn c th c ng dng
Hn gc Hn nt Hn khe hp Rnh vung Hn in cc gi Rnh ch J Rnh vt xin loe Rnh vt xin Hn im Hn ng lin Hn nng chy i u

Lin kt ch -T (Tee joint)

Cc mi hn c th c ng dng
Hn nt Hn khe hp Rnh vung Rnh vt xin Hn im Rnh ch U Rnh ch J Hn ng lin Rnh ch V Hn in cc gi Mi hn cnh b g Mi hn gc b g

Lin kt mp kn (Edge joint)

CC YU T C BN CA MI GHP
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4. CC MINH HO MI HN

1. Mi hn rnh vung Square - Groove weld

2. Mi hn rnh -V- n Single-V-Groove

3. Mi hn rnh -V- kp Double-V-Groove

4. Mi hn rnh vt n Single-Bevel-Groove

5. Mi hn rnh vt kp Double-Bevel-Groove

6. Mi hn rnh -U- n Single-U-Groove

7. Mi hn rnh -U-kp Double-U-Groove

8. Mi hn rnh -J- n Single-J-Groove

9. Mi hn rnh -J- kp Double-J-Groove

10. Mi hn gc mt bn Single-Fillet

11. Mi hn gc hai bn Double-Fillet

12. Rnh V loe Flare-V

13. Mi hn b g Flange-Edge

14. Git hn Bead

15. Mi hn nt Plug

16. Mi hn im hoc mi hn ng Arc Spot or Arc Seam

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5. NH NGHA TNG PHN MI HN RNH v MI HN GC

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3 2

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MI HN RNH 1. GROOVE ANGLE (A): Gc m mp hn. L ton b gc ca rnh gia cc phn c ghp mi to rnh hn 2. BEVEL ANGLE (A): Gc vt ca mp hn. L gc c to gia vic s l mp ca mt chi tit v mt phng vung gc vi b mt ca chi tit . 3. PLATE THICKNESS (T): Chiu dy vt liu Chiu dy ca vt liu c hn. 4. ROOT FACE (RF): ty mp hn (Mp cn). L mt rnh lin k ti chn ca mi ghp. 5. ROOT OPENING (RO): Khe h h. L s tch ra gia cc chi tit c ghp mi cnh chn ca mi ghp. 6. GROOVE FACE: B mt rnh. Bao gm b mt ca chi tit trong rnh. 7. SIZE OF WELD (S): Kch thc mi hn. ngu ca mi ni (chiu su ca gc xin cng vi ngu chn theo l thuyt ). Kch thc ca mi hn rnh v rnh c hiu lc chnh l mt

MI HN GC 1. LEG OF A FILLET WELD: Cnh ca mi hn gc. L khong cch t gc ca mi lin kt ti chn ca mi hn gc. 2. ACTUAL THROAT OF A FILLET WELD: Khong cch thc t ca mt mi hn gc. L khong cch ngn nht t gc ca mi hn gc ti b mt ca n. 3. FACE OF WELD: B mt ca mi hn. L b mt phi ra ca mi hn trn mt phng t bt k mi hn no hon thin. 4. SIZE OF WELD (S): Kch thc ca mi hn. di chn ca mi hn gc. 5. ROOT OF A WELD: Gc ca mi hn. Bt k cc im mt sau ca mi hn phn cch vi b mt kim loi c bn. 6. DEPTH OF FUSION: Chiu su ngu chy. L khong cch ngu chy m rng vo trong kim loi c bn hoc xuyn qua t b mt kim loi nu chy trong thi gian hn. 7. TOE OF A WELD: Chn ca mi hn. L s ni lin gia b mt ca mi hn v kim loi c bn

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6. THUT NG CC KHUYT TT HN Arc Strikes: Vt gy h quang. S thiu thn trng mang tnh cht khng lin tc c kt qu t h quang, gm c mt vi vng kim loi b nng chy, kim loi vng nh hng nhit, hoc thay i trong b mt nghing ca mt vi i tng kim loi. Vt gy h quang c th l l do ca in cc hn h quang, cc c thc kim tra t tnh, hoc cp hn b c sn. Blowhole: R hnh ng. L mt thut ng khng tiu chun thay th cho Porosity. Concavity: B mt lm. L khong cch ln nht t b mt ca mi hn gc lm vung gc vi ng ni cc chn mi hn. Cracks: Nt. Loi khe nt c tnh khng lin tc biu th c im bng u sc nhn v c t l rt ln gia chiu di v chiu rng khe h chim ch. Crater: H. Ch tht xung thnh h ti im kt thc ca mi hn. Crater Cracks (star crack): Nt hnh sao. Vt nt trong h, thng im kt thc ca mi hn. Incomplete Fusion: S nu chy khng hon ton. Mt mi hn c tnh khng lin tc trong s nu chy khng xy ra gia kim loi mi hn v nu chy b mt hoc phn tip gip cc ng hn. Lack of Fusion: Thiu chy L mt thut ng khng tiu chun th cho incomplete fusion. Longitudinal Crack: Nt theo chiu dc Mt mi nt cng vi phn ln trc ca n c nh hng gn nh song song vi trc ca mi hn. Overlap: Chng lp. S nh ra ca kim loi mi hn vt xa hn chn ca mi hn hoc gc mi hn.

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Porosity: Trng thi r, xp. L loi l hng c tnh khng lin tc c to nn bi kh cn nm li trong kim loi mi hn sau khi qu trnh ng c kt thc. Root Crack: Nt gc mi hn. Vt nt trong mi hn hoc vng nh nhit xy ra t gc ca mi hn. Slag inclusion: Ngm x L vt liu c phi kim loi nm li trong kim loi mi hn hoc gia kim loi mi hn v vt liu c bn. Spatter: Bn to. Cc ht nh kim loi b bn ra trong khi hn nng chy, cc ht khng hnh thnh t b phn ca mi hn. Toe Crack: Nt chn. Vt nt trong mi hn hoc trong vng nh hng nhit xy ra t chn ca mi hn. Transverse Crack: Nt theo chiu ngang. Mt mi nt cng vi phn ln trc ca n c nh hng gn nh vung gc vi trc ca mi hn. Undercut: Chy cnh (chy chn). Mt rnh b nu chy vo trong kim loi c bn gn st chn mi hn hoc gc mi hn v tri li khng c lp y bng kim loi mi hn. Underbead Crack: Nt di ng hn Mt vt nt trong vng nh hng nhit thng thng khng m rng ln b mt ca kim loi c bn. Underfill: Lm b mt Ch lm trn b mt mi hn hoc b mt gc c m rng xung thp hn lin k b mt ca kim loi c bn.

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7. MINH HO CC KHUYT TT TRONG MI HN

Nt gc (Root crack) Ngm x (Slag inclusion) Chy chn (Undercut) Nt di ng hn (Underbead Crack) R kh (Porosity 'blowhole') Chy chn (Undercut)

Ming b hn (Crater)

Nt dc mi hn (Longitudinal crack) H (Pit) Chng lp (Overlap) Ngu chy khng hon ton (Incomplete fusion) Nt chn (Toe Crack) Nt di ng hn (Underbead Crack)
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Thut ng v k hiu mi hn VTH/Apave

8. MINH HO CC KHUYT TT TRONG MI HN (TIP)

Nt lu hunh (Sulphur crack) Tch lp do lu hunh (Sulphur Segregation) Ngm x Lm b mt (Underfill)

Nt hnh sao (Crater crack)

Lm b mt (Underfill)

Nt ngang mi hn (Transverse crack) Ngm x (Slag inclusion) Chng lp (Overlap) Chng lp (Overlap) Ngu chy khng hon ton (Incomplete fusion)

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9. CC T TH HN

Trc ca mi hn nm ngang

Trc ca mi hn ng

Trc ca mi hn nm ngang

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K HIU MI HN K HIU MI HN 10. NHNG K HIU HN TIU CHUN

K HIU MI HN C BN V NGHA V TR CA CHNG vt song song i vi mi ghp hn ng thau Hn g Hn mp

ngha v tr

Gc

Hn nt hoc khe hp

Hn im hoc in cc gi

Hn ng

Hn mt sau hoc tm m

Hn ph b mt

Pha bn mi tn
Pha bn kia mi tn
C hai pha Khng s dng Khng s dng Khng s dng

K hiu mi hn rnh

K hiu mi hn rnh

Khng s dng

Khng s dng

Khng s dng

Khng s dng

Khng s dng

Khng s dng

Khng s dng

Khng s dng

Khng s dng

Khng s dng

CC K HIU B XUNG Mi hn tt c chu vi Mi hn ngoi hin trng Xuyn thu Tm m ng vin Bng Li Lm

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V TR CC YU T TIU CHUN CA K HIU MI HN

K hiu b xung i vi phng php hon thin K hiu b xung cho hnh dng b mt Kch thc c hiu lc (theo tnh ton) Chiu su ngu chy; Kch thc m bo cho mi hn chc chn

Gc m rnh hn;. gc tng ca l khot loe ming i vi hn nt Khe h;. chiu su ca mi hn c lp y i vi hn nt v hn khe hp

F A R

Chiu di mi hn, trong mi hn gc khng lin tc, hoc trong hn im Bc (khong cch t tm n tm ca mi hn) K hiu mi hn ngoi hin trng

C hai

c im k thut; Phng php hn, hoc tham chiu khc. ui (c b qua khi s tham chiu khng c s dng) K hiu mi hn c bn hoc nhng chi tit tham kho

S (E)

Kch thc bn kia ca mi tn ch Kch thc ni mi tn ch

bn

L-P
ng tham chiu

K hiu mi hn tt c xung quanh

(N)
S mi hn im, hn ng, hn inh tn, hn nt, hn khe hp, hoc cc mi hn in cc gi Cc yu t trong vng ny c gi nguyn trong khi ui v mi tn quay ngc li Mi tn ch mi hn

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CC K HIU HN C BN V CC NGHA V TR KHC Hn g Gc Vung Ch V Vt xin Rnh Ch U ngha v tr

Pha bn mi tn ch
Mt bn kia mi ghp
Khng s dng
C hai bn
Bn ny hoc bn kia khng quan trng

Ch J

Ch V loe

Vt xin loe

Khng s dng

Khng s dng

Khng s dng

Khng s dng

Khng s dng

Khng s dng

Khng s dng

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