Cu hi v tr li v s dng LaTeX v VieTeX (2)

Nguyn Hu in Khoa Ton - C - Tin hc HKHTN H Ni, HQGHN

Mc lc
1 Thay i trong mi trng LaTeX 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 T mu nn v ch vn bn nh th no? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lm khung mt vn bn hoc mt cng thc ton bng lnh g? . . . . . . . . . . Lnh lm ch nt rng nh th no? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . nh ngha tn mt hm ton hc s dng nh th no? . . . . . . . . . . . . . nh s cc trng hp ca mi trng cases th no? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mi trng hoc nh mi trng trng hp lm th no? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . T TeX lm mt tp PDF kch thc nh ch hnh hoc ni dung th no? . . . . cc tp hnh vo mt th mc ring, tch cc tp TeX lm nh th no? . . . . Khai bo dng tp nh c ui mc nh nh th no? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 2 2 2 3 3 4 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 7 7 8 9 9 10 11 11

1.10 nh s cng thc theo chng hoc on lm th no . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Cc cu hi v bng 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 ng k t on trong bang hoc ma trn c thc hin th no? . . . . . . . Ngt mt bng di hn mt trang th lm th no? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lp bng chia u cc ct theo chiu ngang vn bn nh th no? . . . . . . . . . C ch ng ngt dng trong tng ca bng c khng? . . . . . . . . . . . . . K ng cho mt ca bng dng gi lnh no? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vn bn xuyn qua cc ct dng lnh g? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vn bn nm xuyn cc dng trong bng dng gi lnh no? . . . . . . . . . . . . Chnh khong cch gia vn bn v ng k bng? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . dy ng k bng c thc hin nh th no? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2.10 T mu hng v ct dng lnh no? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.11 a nh vo mt trong bng th lm th no . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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Thay i trong mi trng LaTeX

1.1 T mu nn v ch vn bn nh th no?
Dng gi lnh mu \usepackage{color} v \usepackage{colortbl} trc phi c \usepackage{graphicx}, v d cc lnh

{\color[named]{Red}mu ch} \colorbox[named]{Yellow}{Mu nn} mu ch Mu nn Trong VieTeX c Menu v nt ly mu ra (xem hng dn s dng).

\colorbox[rgb]{0.0,1.0,0.0}{T mu nn}, \textcolor[rgb]{1.0,0.0,0.0}{T mu cc ch} Tm c bi trn web: Gi lnh t mu color.sty v colortbl.sty T mu nn , T mu cc ch

1.2 Lm khung mt vn bn hoc mt cng thc ton bng lnh g?

Dng lnh \fbox{...} v d

\fbox{Khi vn bn} \fbox{$z^2=x^2+y^2$}

Khi vn bn z2 = x2 + y2

C th chnh khong cch t khung ti vn bn v cng thc \fboxsep=3\fboxsep hoc \fboxsep=3pt. Nt v \fboxrule=3\fboxrule \fboxrule=0.4pt C lnh \frame{...} tng t nhng thng b st ch v cng thc Khi vn bn z = x + y
2 2

\frame{Khi vn bn} \frame{$z^2=x^2+y^2$}

Ngoi ra cn rt nhiu gi lnh lm khung khc nh:ascmac.sty, boites.sty, boxedminipage, dashbox.sty, fancyvrb.sty, fancybox.sty, niceframe.sty, refract.sty, shadbox.sty, tboxit.sty, eclbkbox.sty, framed.sty, shadethm.sty, thmbox.sty, umrand.sty

1.3 Lnh lm ch nt rng nh th no?

Trong gi lnh thng dng amssymb.sty c lnh \mathbb{..} trong mi trng ton nh: $\mathbb{R}, \mathbb{N}$ l R, N. V d

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$x\in \mathbb{R}^2$

xR

Mt s gi lnh cng c lnh ch rng nh fourier.sty, txfonts.sty, pxfonts.sty.

1.4 nh ngha tn mt hm ton hc s dng nh th no?

Mt hm ton hc trong mi trng ton l ch ng v tch ri cc t quanh n. Hy dng nh ngha \DeclareMathOperator{\cotag}{cotag} v d $y=\cotag(x)$ l y = cotag(x).

1.5 nh s cc trng hp ca mi trng cases th no?

Mi trng cases khi nh s vo ga cc dng nh

\begin{equation} |x|= \begin{cases} x, & \text{for $x \geq 0$ }\\ -x, & \text{for $x < 0$} \end{cases} \end{equation}

x, for x 0 x = x, for x < 0

(1)

Gi lnh cases.sty nh ngha li mi trng trn khng cn bao quanh mi trng ton nh

\begin{numcases}{|x|=} x, & for $x \geq 0$ \\ -x, & for $x < 0$ \end{numcases} nh s cng thc con

x = x, x, for x < 0 for x 0 (2) (3)

\begin{subnumcases}{|x|=} x, & for $x \geq 0$ \\ -x, & for $x < 0$ \end{subnumcases}

x = x, x, for x 0 for x < 0 (4a) (4b)

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1.6 Mi trng hoc nh mi trng trng hp lm th no?

Nh cu hi 1.5 cc mc nhn c thay bng mc vung hoc cc mc khc. Ti nh ngha trong gi lnh bcases.sty vi cc mi trng tng t thm vo mt k t nh matrix - bnumcases, subbnumcases l mi trng c du ngoc vung

\begin{bnumcases}{f(x)=} 0& \mbox{ nu } x>0\\ 1& \mbox{ nu } x< 0\\ a& \mbox{ nu } x= 0 \end{bnumcases}

0 f (x) = 1 a nu x>0 nu x< 0 nu x= 0 (5) (6) (7)

\begin{subbnumcases}{f(x)=} 0& \mbox{ nu } x>0\\ 1& \mbox{ nu } x< 0\\ a& \mbox{ nu } x= 0 \end{subbnumcases}

0 f (x) = 1 a nu x>0 nu x< 0 nu x= 0 (8a) (8b) (8c)

- vnumcases, subvnumcases l mi trng c du ng thng

\begin{vnumcases}{f(x)=} 0& \mbox{ nu } x>0\\ 1& \mbox{ nu } x< 0\\ a& \mbox{ nu } x= 0 \end{vnumcases}

f (x) = 0 1 a nu x>0 nu x< 0 nu x= 0 (9) (10) (11)

\begin{subvnumcases}{f(x)=} 0& \mbox{ nu } x>0\\ 1& \mbox{ nu } x< 0\\ a& \mbox{ nu } x= 0 \end{subvnumcases}

f (x) = 0 1 a nu x>0 nu x< 0 nu x= 0 (12a) (12b) (12c)

- Vnumcases, subVnumcases l mi trng c du ng thng

\begin{Vnumcases}{f(x)=} 0& \mbox{ nu } x>0\\ 1& \mbox{ nu } x< 0\\ a& \mbox{ nu } x= 0 \end{Vnumcases}

f (x) = 0 1 a nu x>0 nu x< 0 nu x= 0 (13) (14) (15)

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\begin{subVnumcases}{f(x)=} 0& \mbox{ nu } x>0\\ 1& \mbox{ nu } x< 0\\ a& \mbox{ nu } x= 0 \end{subVnumcases}

f (x) = 0 1 a nu x>0 nu x< 0 nu x= 0 (16a) (16b) (16c)

- pnumcases, subpnumcases l mi trng c du ng thng

\begin{pnumcases}{f(x)=} 0& \mbox{ nu } x>0\\ 1& \mbox{ nu } x< 0\\ a& \mbox{ nu } x= 0 \end{pnumcases}

0 f (x) = 1 a nu x>0 nu x< 0 nu x= 0 (17) (18) (19)

1.7 T TeX lm mt tp PDF kch thc nh ch hnh hoc ni dung th no?

Khng dng lnh di v rng \textheight 24truecm v \textwidth 16truecm m dng gi lnh geometry.sty nh sau: \usepackage[paperwidth=15cm,paperheight=12cm, margin=5pt,top=2pt,nofoot,nohead]{geometry}

1.8 cc tp hnh vo mt th mc ring, tch cc tp TeX lm nh th no?

Khi c nhiu hnh ta c th cc hnh trong mt th mc d kim sot. Th mc nm trong th mc cha cc tp TeX. V d trong th mc cha tp TeX ta lm th mc Hinh cha caccs tp nh th u vn bn ta khai \graphicspath{{Hinh/}}

1.9 Khai bo dng tp nh c ui mc nh nh th no?

Mc nh khi ta dch TeX ra DVI th mc nh tp nh c ui eps, bmp, ps; cn dch ra PDF th c ui phong ph hn nh pdf,jpg,png,tiff,... khng nh tp c ui no ta c th khai bo nh \DeclareGraphicsExtensions{.pdf, .jpg}

1.10 nh s cng thc theo chng hoc on lm th no

Mc nh lp arcticle.cls nh s t nhin tng dn, mun nh s theo on dng lnh \numberwithin{equation}{section} Mc nh lp book.cls nh s theo chng, mun nh s theo on ta li dng lnh trn.

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Cc cu hi v bng

2.1 ng k t on trong bang hoc ma trn c thc hin th no?

Dng gi lnh \usepackage{arydshln} vi cc lnh phong ph sau y ch l mt v d nh

\begin{tabular}{|l:c:r|} \hline A & B & C \\ \hdashline AAA & BBB & CCC \\ \hline \end{tabular}

A AAA B BBB C CCC

2.2 Ngt mt bng di hn mt trang th lm th no?

Trong LaTeX mi trng bng tabular l mt khi khng ngt c khi vt qu mt trang. khc phc iu ny dng gi lnh \usepackage{longtable} khi mi trng tabular khng thay i g ch cn i tabular thnh longtable l xong. V d \begin{longtable}{c l} A&B\\ C&D\\ ........ \end{longtable} Kh nng p dng: 1. Ngt bng khi bng qu di hn 1 trang. 2. Ngt bng khng khong trng cui trang trc, n bng cui trang trc, na bng u trang sau.

2.3 Lp bng chia u cc ct theo chiu ngang vn bn nh th no?

Dng gi lnh \usepackage{tabularx} vi i s X cn mi trng bng tabularx thm i s b rng.

\begin{tabularx}{\textwidth}{|X| X |X|} \hline 1&2&3\\ 4&5&6\\ \hline \end{tabularx}

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1 4 2 5 3 6

2.4 C ch ng ngt dng trong tng ca bng c khng?

Mc nh trong mi trng bng khng ngt dng ma chng trong mi ca bng, mi trng bao gi cng tnh b rng ca ct mi ngt xung dng. ch ng ngt dng phi dng gi lnh \usepackage{makecell} Ti mi dng lnh \makecell[l]{Left aligned \\ cell text} vi cc du ngt dng, trong [l] c th l r, c, b, t

\begin{tabular}{|l|c|c|}% \hline \diaghead(-4,1){\hskip4.2cm}%^^A {Diag \\Column Head I}{Diag Column \\Head II}& \thead{Second\\column}&\thead{Third\\column}\\ \hline \makecell[l]{Left aligned \\ cell text} & A & 37--43\\ \hline \makecell*[r]{Right aligned \\ cell text} & B & 37--43\\ \hline \makecell[b]{Bottom aligned\\ cell text} & C & 52--58\\ \hline \end{tabular}%

XX XXX Diag XXX Column Second Diag Head II column Column Head I XXXX X X
Third column

Left aligned cell text

A B C

3743 3743 5258

Right aligned cell text Bottom aligned cell text

2.5 K ng cho mt ca bng dng gi lnh no?

Dng gi lnh \usepackage{makecell} nh cu hi 2.4 phn k ng cho - K ng cho u tin \diaghead(H t l cao,V t l ngang){Vn bn hoc di ct}% {u gc 1}{u gc 2}

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\begin{tabularx}{.62\hsize}{|X|c|c|}% \hline \diaghead(4,1){\hskip\hsize}% %^^A{\theadfont Diag ColuDiag Column}%^^A {Diag \\Column Head I}{Diag Column \\Head II}& \thead{Second\\column}&\thead{Third\\column}\\ \hline \makecell[l]{Left aligned \\ cell text} & A & 37--43\\ \hline \makecell*[r]{Right aligned \\ cell text} & B & 37--43\\ \hline \makecell[b]{Bottom aligned\\ cell text} & C & 52--58\\ \hline \end{tabularx}%

  Diag Column   Head II Second   Diag column   Column Head I 
Third column

Left aligned cell text

A Right aligned cell text B C

3743 3743 5258

Bottom aligned cell text

2.6 Vn bn xuyn qua cc ct dng lnh g?

Dng lnh \multicolumn{ncolumn}{|c|}{text} - ncolumn: S ct gp li - |c| : Mt loi cn vn bn c, r, l. - text: Vn bn hng mi

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\begin{tabular}{ |cc||cccc|} \hline & & \multicolumn{4}{|c|}{Gp ct} \\ \hline \multicolumn{2}{|c||}{Hng} & 0 & 1 & 2 & 3 \\ \hline $S_1$& 0 & 1 & 8 & 14 & 7 \\ & 1 & 1 & 0 & 15 & 7 \\ & 2 & 6 &11 & 3 & 4 \\ & 3 & 13&12 & 0 & 5 \\ \hline \end{tabular}

Hng S1 0 1 2 3 0 1 1 6 13 Gp ct 1 2 8 14 0 15 11 3 12 0 3 7 7 4 5

2.7 Vn bn nm xuyn cc dng trong bng dng gi lnh no?

Dng gi lnh \usepackage{multirow} v c lnh \multirow{nrows}{width}{text} - nrows: S hng gp li - width: rng ca ct - text: Vn bn ct mi

\begin{tabular}{|l|l|p{2cm}|} \hline Ct 1 & Ct 2 & Ct 3 \\ \hline Hng1 & \multirow{3}{3cm}{ Ch trng ba hng: Hng1, Hng2,Hng3}& Mt ct rng hn\\ \cline{1-1} \cline{3-3} Hng2 && Mt ct rng hn\\ \cline{1-1} \cline{3-3} Hng3 && Mt ct rng hn\\ \hline Hng4 &Cui cng & Mt ct rng hn\\ \hline \end{tabular}

Ct 1 Hng1 Hng2 Hng3 Hng4 Cui cng Ct 2 Ch trng ba hng: Hng1, Hng2,Hng3 Ct 3 Mt ct rng hn Mt ct rng hn Mt ct rng hn Mt ct rng hn

2.8 Chnh khong cch gia vn bn v ng k bng?

l lnh \arraystretch{1.25} c th thay i s bng mt s thc, khi ta nh ngha li \renewcommand\arraystretch{2}

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\begin{tabular}{|c|c|} \hline Mt&Hai\\ \hline Ba&Bn\\ \hline \end{tabular} nh ngha li

Mt Ba Hai Bn

{\renewcommand\arraystretch{2} \begin{tabular}{|c|c|} \hline Mt&Hai\\ \hline Ba&Bn\\ \hline \end{tabular} }

Mt Ba Hai Bn

C th dng lnh t li khong cch ngang \setlength{\tabcolsep}{0.8cm}

{\setlength{\tabcolsep}{0.8cm} \begin{tabular}{| l | l |} \hline 1&2\\ \hline 3&4\\ \hline \end{tabular} }

1 3 2 4

2.9 dy ng k bng c thc hin nh th no?

t li lnh \setlength{\arrayrulewidth}{1.5pt}

{\renewcommand\arraystretch{2} \setlength{\arrayrulewidth}{1.5pt} \begin{tabular}{|c|c|} \hline Mt&Hai\\ \hline Ba&Bn\\ \hline \end{tabular} }

Mt Ba Hai Bn

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2.10 T mu hng v ct dng lnh no?

Lnh t mu mt hng t ti v tr hng \rowcolor[rgb]{0.0,0.0,1.0}. T mu mt ct th t ngay trn u ty chn vi >{\columncolor{red}}

\begin{flushright} \begin{tabular}{ >{\columncolor[rgb]{0.8,0.8,0.8}}p{2cm} rr} \hline \rowcolor[rgb]{0.525,0.113,0.600} & \textcolor{white}{Tun 1} & \textcolor{white}{Tun 2}\\ \hline Ch nht & 10 & 10\\ \rowcolor[rgb]{1.0,1.0,0.0} \arrayrulecolor[rgb]{0.835,0.835,0.835} \hline \setlength{\arrayrulewidth}{0.1mm} Th hai & 10 & 10\\ \hline Th ba& 10 & 10\\ \hline \rowcolor[rgb]{1.0,0.50,1.0}Th bn & 10 & 10\\ \hline Th nm & 10 & 10\\ \hline \rowcolor[rgb]{0.50,1.0,0.50}Th su & 10 & 10\\ \hline Th by & 10 & 10\\ \hline \end{tabular} \end{flushright}

Ch nht Th hai Th ba Th bn Th nm Th su Th by Tun 1 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 Tun 2 10 10 10 10 10 10 10

2.11 a nh vo mt trong bng th lm th no

Dng \multirow{2}{4cm} cha hnh trn cc dng, cn lnh a nh vo bnh thng

\begin{tabular}{| p{2cm} | p{4cm} | l | l | >{\columncolor{red}}l |} \hline\rowcolor[rgb]{1.0,1.0,0.50} Hng & Hng & Hng & Hng & Hng \\ \hline \multirow{4}{14mm}{\includegraphics[height=2cm,width=1.8cm]{dhkhtnhn.eps}} & \multirow{2}{4cm}{y l biu tng nh trng} & * & * & Ct \\ & & * & * & Ct \\ & & * & * & Ct \\

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Hng Hng y l biu tng nh trng Hng * * * * Hng * * * * Hng Ct Ct Ct Ct