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H CH MINH
B MN: CNG NGH HA HC
GVHD:
Ks. Nguyn Bo Vit
SVHD:
1. Nguyn Th Sada
08139040
08139134
08139299
4. Nguyn Th B Ngon
08139168
Giy lc
2. Ha cht:
CH3COOH 0,2 N
NaOH N / 20
Phenolphtalein
Than hot tnh
III.Cc bc tin hnh th nghim:
- Dng acid acetic CH3COOH 0,2M v nc ct cha trong burette, pha cc
DD sau trong 6 bnh nn c nt nhm
Bnh
CH3COOH
50
40
30
20
10
10
20
30
40
45
(ml)
Nc ct (ml)
- Lc u cc bnh va pha
- Cn 6 mu than hot tnh trong cc da nha, mi mu 1g.
- Cho vo mi bnh cha DD CH3COOH mt mu than, y nt, lc mnh trong vi pht.
yn 10 pht ri lc mnh vi pht. yn 30 pht. Xong em lc. Ghi nhit TN.
Nc qua lc nh phn bng DD NaOH 0,1 N vi ch th phenolphtalein.
Vi bnh 1, 2, 3 nh phn 3 ln, mi ln dng 5ml nc qua lc
Bnh 4,5 3 ln, mi ln dng 10 ml
6
2 ln, mi ln dng 20 ml
1. Kt qu th:
Th tch NaOH chun (ml):
Bnh
Ln 1
8.8
5.2
6.5
3.5
2.6
Ln 2
8.7
6.9
6.8
3.3
2.8
5.1
6.7
3.4
2.8
Ln 3
8.75
7.1
2. Kt qu tnh ton:
Bnh
Co
LnC
LnT
C/T
0.2
0.1756
-1.73955
0.009125
-4.69674
19.24384
0.16
0.13934
-1.97084
0.0073
-4.91988
19.08767
0.12
0.1026
-2.27692
0.00549
-5.20483
18.68852
0.08
0.067
-2.70306
0.003333
-5.70388
20.10201
0.04
0.0333
-3.4022
0.00166
-6.40094
20.06024
0.02
0.01425
-4.251
0.000727
-7.22658
19.6011
th ln lnC:
Ta c phng trnh : C / = ( C / ) + ( 1 / k )
Tng ng: y= -5.468x +19.94
Ta c: 1/ = -5.468 = -0.18288
k= -0.274222
V So = . N . Ao = -2.258*10^24
phu
Phng trnh ph hp vi qu trnh hp ph CH3COOH trn thang hot tnh l phng trnh ln T
theo ln C.
ax
NaOH CH3COONa
+ C2H5OH
bx
(7.1)
CoNaOH = b = A . no
Coester = a = A . (no - n)
Ct NaOH = b x = A . nt
Ct ester
vi : A - l hng s t l.
Thay cc gi tr trn vo (7.1)
kt =
1
A.n0 . A.( nt n )
. ln
A.( n0 n ) A.n0
A.nt . A.( n0 n )
kt =
1
n .( n n )
. ln 0 t
An
nt .( n0 n )
kt =
1
n .( n n )
. ln t 0
An
n0 .( nt n )
(7.2)
(7.3)
(7.4)
* Ha cht :
- CH3COOC2H5 M/200
- NaOH M/100
- HCl M/100
- Phenolphtalein
* Dng c :
- 3 erlen nt nhm 500 ml
- 6 erlen 250 ml
- 2 becher 100 ml
- 1 nhit k 100C
- 2 eprouvette 250 ml
- 2 pipette 25 ml
- 2 burette 25 ml
- 1 ng ngng hi bu
- 1 Qu bp cao su
- 1 bnh xt nc ct
- 2 b iu nhit
2- Cch tin hnh
Thc hin qu trnh thy phn ester hai nhit :
a)
Nhit phng T1
- Dng ng ong ly 150 ml DD NaOH M/100 v 150 ml ester M/200 cho vo 2 bnh
tam gic 500 ml khc nhau. y nt kn.
- Chun b 6 bnh tam gic, mi bnh cha 12,5 ml DD HCl M/100
- nhanh DD NaOH vo ester (ghi thi im t = 0), y np lc mnh.
- c nhit T1 ca DD phn ng (nhng nhit k sch vo DD).
Sau 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 pht dng pipette ht 25 ml hn hp phn ng cho vo bnh
cha 12,5 ml acid.
Chun HCl tha bng DD NaOH M/100, dng ch th phenolphtalein (2 git). (Ch
trnh chun tha, im tng ng t mu hng nht bn trong khong 30 giy).
Sau pht 50, un hon lu cch thy hn hp phn ng cn tha n 70C, gi t
trong 30 pht. ngui ti nhit phng, sau ly mu v chun nh trn. 70
phn ng xy ra rt nhanh nn sau 30 pht c th coi phn ng hon tt v d kin thu
c khi chun NaOH ln ny ng vi thi im t = .
b)
2.
Nhit
Thi im
5
10
20
30
40
50
T1
1.8
2.2
3.3
3.7
3.9
4.3
4.8
T2
1.4
2.1
3.1
3.4
3.6
3.8
4.2
2.Kt qu tnh:
Nhit
Thi im
VNaOH chun
HCl d(ml)
T1= 30oC
VNaOH c trong
25ml mu th
11.8
1.8
10.7
13.9298
10
2.2
10.3
10.37402
20
3.3
9.2
12.28289
30
3.7
8.8
11.06417
40
3.9
8.6
9.740342
50
4.3
8.2
11.2998
4.8
7.7
V cng
Trung bnh
0
T2= 40oC
11.4485
12.2
1.4
11.1
14.26905
10
2.1
10.4
13.83762
20
3.1
9.4
15.13464
30
3.4
9.1
12.96243
40
3.6
8.9
11.72001
50
3.8
8.7
11.68165
V cng
4.2
8.3
Trung bnh
13.2674
Ta c :
10,618
=
4,551
E1 1
(
)
4,575 30 40
y = ln(nt/(nt- n))
a = An*k
b = ln(no/(no- n))
(1)
y= at +b
T = 30+273=300(K). Tnh K1
nt
Ln(nt/(nt - n))
10.7
1.271631
10.3
1.376632
9.2
1.813738
8.8
2.079442
8.6
2.257123
8.2
2.797281
thi gian
ln(nt/(nt-n))
10
20
30
40
50
1.271631
1.376632
1.813738
2.079442
2.257123
2.797281
3
2.5
y = 0.0325x + 1.094
R2 = 0.9805
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
k1 = 10.55195 (A=1/2500)
nt
Ln(nt/(nt - n))
11.1
1.377326
10.4
1.599868
9.4
2.1454
9.1
2.431418
8.9
2.696877
8.7
3.079614
Thi gian
ln(nt/(nt-n))
10
1.37732
6
1.59986
8
20
30
2.1454
2.43141
8
40
50
2.69687
7 3.079614
3.5
y = 0.037x + 1.2668
R2 = 0.9844
ln(nt/(nt-nx))
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
thi gian(t)
Ta c:
XC NH BC PHN NG
1.Kt qu th :
* VB = VKI = 20 ml
Th nghim s
VA (ml)
10
15
20
t (giy)
98
61
42
TC
27
28
28
* VA = VK2S2O8 = 25 ml
Th nghim s
VB (ml)
15
10
t (giy)
42
66
150
TC
27
28
28
2.Kt qu tnh :
Dng phng php bnh phng cc tiu xc nh:
- Gin logt-logVA: logt =
2.5
2
y = -1.2189x + 3.2127
R2 = 0.9992
logt
1.5
Series1
Linear (Series1)
1
0.5
0
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
logVa
1.2
1.4
2.5
2
y = -1.1615x + 2.9861
R2 = 0.9998
logt
1.5
Series1
Linear (Series1)
1
0.5
0
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.2
1.4
logVb
CN BNG LNG - RN
I. Yu cu :
Sinh vin cn nm vng cc vn :
- Nm c nguyn tc phng php phn tch nhit
- p dng quy tc pha gii thch dng cc ng cong ngui lnh
- Thit lp gin nhit - thnh phn khi lng ca h hai cu t kt tinh khng to
hp cht ha hc hay DD rn.
II. L thuyt :
Phng php phn tch nhit t trn c s nghin cu s thay i nhit ca mt h
ngui hoc nng dn theo thi gian.
p sut nht nh, nhit kt tinh ca mt nguyn cht c gi tr khng i v gi
nguyn trong sut qu trnh kt tinh. i vi DD, nhit bt u kt tinh ph thuc thnh
phn DD v trong qu trnh kt tinh mt cu t, nhit gim dn cho ti khi xut hin cu
t th hai cng kt tinh th nhit gi nguyn Te (ng vi nhit eutecti ) cho ti khi qu
trnh kt tinh kt thc. Sau nhit tip tc gim.
Trn hnh 4.1, ng ngui (1) v (5) ng vi A v B nguyn cht. ng (2) v (4) ng
vi hn hp c gi tr %B tng dn. ng (3) ng vi hn hp c thnh phn bng ng
thnh phn eutecti.
Trn ng (1) v (5) cc on thng nm ngang ng vi qu trnh kt tinh A v B
nguyn cht.
Trn ng (2), (3), (4) on nm ngang b, c, e ng vi qu trnh kt tinh eutecti, cn cc
im b,c ng vi im bt u v kt tinh mt cu t no (cc hn hp 2, 4). Nhng im
ny xc nh d dng v dc ca ng biu din thay i do tc gim nhit
trc v trong khi kt tinh khng ging nhau. Trong thc nghim vic xc nh im eutecti
rt quan trng nhng li rt kh. Thng dng phng php Tamman - nu iu kin ngui
lnh han ton nh nhau th di ca on nm ngang (thi gian kt tinh) trn ng cong
ngui lnh s t l vi lng eutecti. Nh vy nu t trn on ad thnh phn v trn trc
tung l di cc on nm ngang ca ng ngui lnh tng ng ni cc u mt li., ta
s c tam gic aId. nh I ca tam gic ng vi thnh phn eutecti. Tam gic aId gi l
tam gic Tamman.
* Ha cht :
- Hn hp Naptalen Diphenylamin pha sn theo cc thnh phn nh sau :
ng nghim
Naptalen (g)
10
4.5
2.5
Diphenylamin (g)
5.5
7.5
10
3- Kt qu
a) Kt qu th : Ghi li nhit hn hp tng thi im ca 8 ng nghim.
b) Kt qu tnh:
- V th nhit - thi gian (ng cong ngui lnh) ca h. Xc nh nhit bt u kt
tinh ca tng hn hp. (nh du trn th)
- V th nhit - thnh phn ca h diphenylamin naptalen v xc nh nhit
eutecti, thnh phn eutecti ca h.
Bi lm :
Kt qu th:
Thigian Nhit
(pht)
ng
1
Nhit
ng
2
Nhit
ng
3
Nhit
ng
4
Nhit
ng
5
Nhit
ng
6
Nhit
ng
7
Nhit
ng
8
86
64
61
59.5
62
70
60
83
82
78
59
61
56
58
67
55
82
72
56
57
53
54.5
63
52
81
71
54.5
54
50
51.5
58
51.5
80.5
69.5
53
51
47.5
48.5
54
51.3
80
69
51
50
44.5
46
51
51
79
65
50
49
42
44
48
50
77
60
48
48.5
41
41.5
46
48
76
59
46
48
34
39
45.8
47
10
73
49
44.5
47
33
38
45.5
45
11
71
46
43
46.5
35
45
40
12
70
39
41
45
34
43
35
13
65
34
38
43
33
40
32
14
62
31
34
42
32.5
36
16
54
30
31
37
32
17
43
29.5
34
19
38
20
31
32
ng
Thnh phn
Nhit
1
1
82
2
0.8
78
3
0.6
59
0.4
5
0.3
0.2
5
0.1
50
34
39
46
8
0
51
100
90
ng 1
ng 2
ng 3
ng 4
ng 5
ng 6
80
70
60
50
40
ng 7
ng 8
30
20
10
0
0
10
15
20
25
Nhit
90
80
70
60
50
Nhit
40
30
20
10
0
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.2