TRNG I HC K THUT CNG NGHIP

KHOA IN T
B MN: K THUT MY TNH

N MN HC
MN HC

H THNG NHNG
Nhm sinh vin

: Trn Quang Hp
Nguyn Vit Hin
Nguyn Vn Hng
Lp
: K43K
Gio vin hng dn : Ths.Nguyn Vn Huy

B mn K Thut My Tnh
Nghip

i hc K Thut Cng
Thi Nguyn 2011

Nhn xt ca gio hng dn

Thi Nguyn, Ngy

Thng

Nm 2011

Gio Vin hng dn

(K ghi r h tn)

Nhn xt ca gio vin chm

Thi Nguyn, Ngy Thng

Nm 2011
Gio Vin chm

(K ghi r h tn)

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MC LC

MC LC.........................................................................................................3
LI NI U..................................................................................................5
CHNG 1 . PHN TCH BI TON..........................................................6
1.1.Kho st v phn tch bi ton.........................................................6
1.1.1.Cch hin th thi gian......................................................................6
1.1.2.Mc ch............................................................................................7
1.1.3.Cc cng ngh chip ng dng trong thit k thi gian thc c mt
trn th trng.......................................................................................................8

1.2. La chn gii php..........................................................................9

1.2.1.Gii php cng ngh.........................................................................9
1.2.2 .Gii php thit k.............................................................................9
1.2.3.Cc yu cu......................................................................................9
1.2.4.Gii hn cho h thng.......................................................................9

CHNG 2: THIT K H THNG...........................................................10

2.1. S tng qut..............................................................................10
2.2. S Call graph............................................................................11
2.3. S c t...................................................................................11
2.4. S thut ton.............................................................................12
2.5.Cc module trong h thng............................................................14
2.5.1.Khi ngun......................................................................................14
2.5.2.Khi iu khin trung tm...............................................................14
2.5.3.Khi to thi gian thc....................................................................15
2.5.4.Khi hin th....................................................................................16
2.5.5.Khi giao tip phm bm.................................................................16

2.6.La chn linh kin..........................................................................16

2.6.1.Vi iu khin AT89C51....................................................................16
2.6.2.IC thi gian thc DS1307.................................................................23
2.6.3. LCD 16x2.......................................................................................31
2.6.4.IC n p 7805..................................................................................34
2.6.5. T in ..........................................................................................35

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2.6.6.in tr...........................................................................................36
2.6.7.Nt bm button...............................................................................36
2.6.8.Bin tr...........................................................................................36
2.6.9.Thch anh.......................................................................................37
2.6.10.Pin CMOS 3V.................................................................................37

CHNG 3. XY DNG H THNG........................................................38

3.1.Thit k phn cng..........................................................................38
3.2.Thit k phn mm..........................................................................40
3.3.Kt qu m phng...........................................................................50
3.4.Mch thi cng thc t.....................................................................50
KT LUN............................................................................................51
Danh mc ti liu tham kho................................................................51

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Li ni u
Ngy nay, cc h thng nhng tr nn ph bin v ng vai tr
quan trng trong i sng con ngi. V d quanh ta c rt nhiu sn
phm nhng nh l vi sng, ni cm in, iu ha, in thoi di ng,
t, my bay, tu thy, cc u o, c cu chp hnh thng minh, robot
v.v... ta c th thy hin nay h thng nhng c mt mi lc mi ni
trong cuc sng ca chng ta.
Qua mn hc h thng nhng, chng em hiu thm v cc h
thng nhng trong thc t, v c im, tnh u vit cng nh tnh ng
dng ca chng i vi con ngi. Vi mong mun lm r cc kin thc
hc v gii thiu cc ng dng c bn ca h thng nhng, nhm
chng em a ra m hnh thit k ng h thi gian thc mt sn phm
rt quen thuc v cn thit trong i sng.
Do thi gian thc hin v kin thc cn hn ch nn cn nhiu sai
st trong qu trnh thc hin ti, rt mong c s b sung ng gp
ca cc thy c v cc bn.
Chng em xin chn thnh cm n cc thy c trong khoa in t b mn k thut my tnh, cm n thy Ths. Nguyn Vn Huy tn tnh
hng dn v gip chng em thc hon thnh ti ny.

Trn trng v chn thnh cm n!

Nhm thc hin ti:
Trn Quang Hp
Nguyn Vit Hin
Nguyn Vn Hng

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CHNG 1 . PHN TCH BI TON

1.1.Kho st v phn tch bi ton
ng h l mt cng c o c nhng mc thi gian nh hn mt
ngy; i lp vi lch, l mt cng c o thi gian di hn mt ngy.
Nhng loi ng h dng trong k thut thng c chnh xc rt cao v cu
to rt phc tp. Trong khi , ngi ta c th to ra nhng loi ng h nh
d dng mang theo bn mnh (gi l ng h eo tay). Nhng loi ng h
hin i (t th k 14 tr i) thng th hin ba thng tin: gi, pht, giy.
1.1.1.Cch hin th thi gian
ng h c:
ng h c th hin thi gian s dng cc gc. Mt ng h c
nhng con s t 1 n 12 v s dng kim ch gi v c pht. T
mt s n mt con s k cn l 5 pht (i vi kim pht), 1 gi (i
vi kim gi) hay 5 giy (i vi kim giy).
Mt loi ng h c khc c s dng l ng h mt tri. N hot
ng nh theo di thng xuyn nh sng Mt Tri, v ngi ta theo
di bng cch nhn bng ca chng.
ng h in t:
ng h in t s dng h thng s th hin thi gian. Thng
thng c 2 cch th hin:
24 gi m gi t 00-23
12 gi vi k hiu AM / PM (ch yu M)
Nhng ng h in t s dng mn hnh LCD hay LED, ng catode
th hin hnh nh nhng con s. Khi nhng ng h in t thay
pin, chng thng "qun" d liu v thi gian trc .
ng h m thanh:
tin li hn, c mt s ng h s dng m thanh bo hiu gi.
m thanh c th c s dng nh ngn ng t nhin ("By gi l
mi su gi ba mi pht) hay mt m (s ting chung bo hiu s
gi).
ng h ch:
Loi ng h ny hin thi gian dng ch. Nu nh ng h in
t chng ta c c nhng con s 12:35 th ng h ch, chng ta
c th c c "Mi hai gi ba mi lm pht". Mt s loi ng
h khc s dng c ch gn ng khin ngi s dng cm thy d
chu hn khi s dng ng h (v d "Khong mi hai gi ri").

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1.1.2.Mc ch
ng h treo tng c dng trong nh v vn phng, ng h eo
tay c mang trn tay, v nhng loi ng h ln c t nhng
ni cng cng (nh th hay bn xe). Hu ht nhng my tnh v in
thoi di ng u c gc di mn hnh hin th gi.
Tuy nhin, ng h khng phi lc no cng c s dng hin
th thi gian. N cn c th s dng iu khin mt vt theo thi
gian. V d nh ng h chung c th c dng lm chung bo
tit hc. N c th c gi chnh xc hn l mt h thng m gi.
My tnh s dng nhng tn hiu ng h ng b qu trnh x l
(mc du c mt s nghin cu v b x l khng ng b). My tnh
lu tr thi gian bo hiu hay ch l hin th thi gian. Bn
trong my tnh c mt ng h c nui bng pin. My tnh vn c
th hot ng ngay c khi ng h trong my b cht nhng khi khi
ng my li, ng h ca my tnh s c khi ng li.
Thi gian l mt khi nim c bn trong mn vt l. Do , ch to
dng c o thi gian chnh xc c ngha quan trng trong cc th
nghim.

ng h in t

ng h in t trn mt l vi sng

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1.1.3.Cc cng ngh chip ng dng trong thit k thi gian thc c mt
trn th trng
Do yu cu v thi gian thc nn chng ta s khng xt ti cc mch
in thit k ng h s dng cc mch in tng t v cc IC s thng
thng, chng ta s xt ti vic s dng IC thi gian thc, vi iu khin, cch
thc hin th thi gian thc.
IC thi gian thc:
Hin nay trn th trng c 2 loi IC thi gian thc ph bin l
DS1307 v DS12887.
Cc IC ny u c chc nng chy thi gian thc v lu gi khi mt
in, vi DS1307 cn c thm ngun nui l mt pin cmos 3V, vi
DS12887 c sn pin tch hp bn trong.
Thc hin giao tip vi vi iu khin hin th thi gian v ci t
gi
Trn c s th chng ta c th s dng c 2 loi IC ny, nhng vi
nhm em th vic la chn s l DS1307 v n cng thc hin c
yu cu m gi thnh th r hn.
Vi iu khin:
C rt nhiu loi vi iu khin khc nhau c th s dng trong mch
ng h ny nh vi iu khin pic, avr, 8051
Cc loi vi iu khin pic hay avr c nhiu u im hn so vi 8051
nh h tr kt ni ngoi vi tt hn, tc x l nhanh hn, lp trnh
n gin hn. Nhng gi thnh th li cao hn nhiu so vi 8051 m
trong mch ny chng em s dng AT89C51. Vic s dng qu tn
km cho 1 mch l khng cn thit trong khi mt chip cng c th
lm c iu ny m gi thnh r hn th l la chn ti u hn.
Hin th:
Chng ta c 2 cch hin th l : s dng led 7 thanh v s dng lcd.
Led 7 thanh :
u im: hin th r rng v thu ht c s ch v c th
nhn xa.
Nhc im: mch in phc tp cn thm cc IC cht.
LCD 16x2:
u im: hin th d dng, c th linh ng hn trong vic hin
th thi gian,kt ni n gin mch in khng phc tp
Nhc im: khng thu ht c s ch bng led 7 thanh,gi
thnh cao
Xt trn iu kin lm mch ny th s led 7 thanh tng i nhiu
v cn thm cc IC cht do v gi c th s tng ng vi mt
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LCD 16x2. Thm na khi s dng LCD chng ta s khng phi mc
phc tp. Vi ng h s dng cho c nhn ny th chng ta c th
cn dng LCD l .
1.2. La chn gii php
1.2.1.Gii php cng ngh
Qua phn tch trn, nhm chng em a ra gii php xy dng ng
h da trn IC thi gian thc. c gi t IC thi gian thc, hin th thi gian
lin tc v c th ci t c gi, lu gi khi mt in v sai lch thi gian
l t nht (theo qung co ca nh sn xut : vi mt pin lithium 48mAh hoc
ln hn s lu gi cho DS1307 khong hn 10 nm khi khng c ngun in
cung cp cho mch iu kin +25C ).
1.2.2 .Gii php thit k
Vic la chn gii php thng c xem xt trn nhiu phng din
nhng quan trng l gii php c kh thi khng? C ph hp vi vi thc t
v tha mn yu cu v kinh t?
ng h thi gian thc vi b no iu khin l AT89C51 v cc linh
kin khc: LCD hin th, IC n p7805, IC thi gian thc DS1307.
AT89C51 c cc u im: tnh nng v tc p ng c yu cu k
thut trong ng dng khng i hi cao;gi thnh thp hn h vi iu
khin khc; c h tr lp trnh iu khin bng c hp ng v C...
IC DS1307 l IC chuyn dng, cho kh nng chnh xc v thi gian.
LCD hin th mt cch r rng, linh ng.
IC n p 7805 c s dng rng ri trong cc b ngun.
V vy gii php thit k ng h thi gian thc dng cc linh kin
trn c nhiu u th hn so vi nhng gii php khc. ng thi m bo
c yu cu v kinh t.
Trong thc t hin nay lch vn nin l mt sn phm tng t ng
h thi gian thc v rt gn gi vi mi ngi.
1.2.3.Cc yu cu
Vi sn phm ng h thi gian thc i hi cc yu cu:
Hin th ng thi gian:ngy, thng, nm, gi, pht, giy.
iu chnh v thay i c thi gian.
m bo ng v thi gian sau khi mt in.
Kh nng thc thi:Thi gian p ng, chnh xc
m bo v kch thc v trng lng cho php.
an ton, kh nng chng li s ph hoi hay xm nhp
1.2.4.Gii hn cho h thng
S dng ngun in 5V.
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Lm vic lin tc.
Kch thc ph hp vi ngi s dng.
H thng nh gn.
H thng lu c thi gian khi mt ngun cp (c ngun d tr).
Ngun nui (pin CMOS) cho IC thi gian thc m bo.
Lm vic trong iu kin mi trng bnh thng.

CHNG 2: THIT K H THNG

2.1. S tng qut

Khi ngun

Khi
thi
gian
thc

Khi hin
th
Khi X
l

Khi giao tip

phm bm

Khi Ngun: cung cp ngun cho h thng.

Khi Thi gian thc: lu tr thi gian thc, thi gian ci t.
Khi X l: Dng vi iu khin AT89C51 ly d liu t khi thi
gian thc, lu tr v a ra khi hin th v nhn tn hiu t khi giao
tip.
Khi Hin th: ly tn hiu ra t vi iu khin, thc hin giao tip vi vi
iu khin hin th gi v ngy.
Khi giao tip: l khi bn phm, thc hin ci t gi vi iu khin
lu d liu vo trong khi thi gian thc.

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2.2. S Call graph

Module x
l thi gian
thc
IC thi gian
thc

Chng
trnh iu
khin
chnh
Module x
l chng
trnh

Hin th

Bn phm

2.3. S c t

Ci
t

C ngt &
n phm
c

Kim tra
ngt ngoi 0

X l

Thi gian
trong
RTC
Ghi

Hi
n
th

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2.4. S thut ton

i hc K Thut Cng

Bt
u
Khi to LCD

Kim tra d liu thi

gian trong rtc

t thi gian
mc nh

X l d liu t rtc

Hin th gi bnh
thng LCD
C ngt ngoi
0
(1)

Ci t + hin th thi
gian ci t trn LCD
(2)

Cp nht thi gian

vo RTC

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Khi ci t +hin th thi gian ci t trn LCD:
(1)
:

menu
=0
S

con tr LCD ti
v tr gi

Thay i gi

con tr LCD ti
v tr pht

Kim tra tng

menu
=0

Kim tra tng

Thay i pht

tng =0

gi+1

tng =0

pht+1
S

Kim tra gim

con tr LCD ti
v tr giy
S

menu
=0

gim =0

con tr LCD ti
v tr ngy

Kim tra tng

Thay i giy

Kim tra tng

Thay i ngy

tng =0

ngy+1

tng =0

Kim tra gim

con tr LCD ti
v tr nm

menu
=0
S
Kim tra tng

Thay i thng

Kim tra tng

tng =0

nm+1

tng =0

thng-1

menu
=0
S

Thay i nm

thng+1

S
gim =0

ngy-1

con tr LCD ti
v tr thng

Kim tra gim

S
gim =0

giy-1

menu
=0
S

giy+1

pht-1

gim =0

gi-1

Kim tra gim

Kim tra gim

Kim tra gim

S
gim =0

gim =0

nm-1

con tr LCD ti
v tr th

menu
=0

(2)

S
Kim tra tng

Thay i th

tng =0

th+1

th-1

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Kim tra gim

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2.5.Cc module trong h thng

2.5.1.Khi ngun
y l module dng to ra ngun in p chun +5V. S dng
IC7805.
u vo l in p xoay chiu sau khi c bin i qua my bin p,
a vo b Diode cu cho ra dng in mt chiu ( lc ny in p
nm trong khong t 7->10V). Sau khi i qua IC n p 7805 s to ra
ngun in p chun +5V cung cp cho mch.

2.5.2.Khi iu khin trung tm

Khi iu khin trung tm s dng vi iu khin AT89C51, qua chng
trnh lp trnh c np cho chip, vi iu khin s iu khin vic
c, ghi thi gian thc, hin th thi gian ln khi hin th l LCD.
B dao ng thch anh c tc dng to xung nhp vi tn s 12MHz cho
VK hot ng. Hai u ny c ni vo 2chn XTAL1 v XTAL2
ca VK.
B RESET c tc dng a vi iu khin v trng thi ban u. Khi nt
Reset c n in p +5V t ngun c ni vo chn Reset ca vi
iu khin c chy thng xung t lc ny in p ti chn vi iu
khin thay i t ngt v 0, VK nhn bit c s thay i ny v
khi ng li trng thi ban u cho h thng.

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2.5.3.Khi to thi gian thc

DS1307 l mt IC thi gian thc vi ngun cung cp nh, dng cp
nht thi gian v ngy thng vi 56 bytes SRAM. a ch v d liu c
truyn ni tip qua 2 ng bus 2 chiu. N cung cp thng tin v gi,
pht, giy , th, ngy , thng, nm. Ngy cui thng s t ng c iu
chnh vi cc thng nh hn 31 ngy,bao gm c vic t ng nhy nm.
ng h c th hot ng dng 24h hoc 12h vi ch th AM/PM.
khng phi iu chnh li thi gian vo nhng lc b mt ngun, c th
ni thm 1pin 3V vo chn s 3 ca IC DS1307 (sao cho chn(+) ca pin
ni vo IC v chn () ca pin ni xung t). Hai chn 1 v 2 ca
DS1307 c ni vo b dao ng thch anh c tn s 32,768KHz to
dao ng cho IC hot ng.

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2.5.4.Khi hin th
S dng LCD 16x2, hin th thi gian linh hot, hin th c nhiu k
t, gip cho vic quan st thi gian khi ng h chy bnh thng cng
nh lc ci t trc quan v linh hot hn.

2.5.5.Khi giao tip phm bm

Gm 3 nt n, hot ng tng t nt Reset. Khi n nt th cc chn vi
iu khin c ni vi phm bm a in p xung t lc ny in p
ti cc chn vi iu khin bng 0 lm cho vi iu khin nhn bit c s
thay i ny v thc hin lnh cn iu khin. Nt th ba c tc dng
thit t ch cho vi iu khin lm vic.

2.6.La chn linh kin

2.6.1.Vi iu khin AT89C51
c im v chc nng hot ng ca cc IC h MSC-51 hon ton
tng t nh nhau. y gii thiu IC AT89C51 l mt h IC vi iu
khin do hng Intel ca M sn xut. Chng c cc c im chung
nh sau:
+ 4K Bytes Flash rom.
+ 128 Bytes Ram.
+ 4 port 8 bit.
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+ 2 b nh thi 16 bit.
+ C port ni tip.
+ C th m rng b nh chng trnh ngoi 64 K Byte.
+ B x l bit.
AT89C51 l mt b vi x l 8 bit, loi CMOS, c tc cao v cng
sut thp vi b nh Flash c th lp trnh c. N c sn xut vi
cng ngh b nh khng bay hi mt cao ca hng Atmel, v tng
thch vi h MCS-51TM v chn ra v tp lnh.
AT89C51 c cc c trng c bn nh sau: 4 K byte Flash, 128 byte
RAM, 32 ng xut nhp, hai b nh thi/m 16-bit, mt cu trc
ngt hai mc u tin v 5 nguyn nhn ngt, mt port ni tip song
cng, mch dao ng v to xung clock trn chip.
AT89C51 c thit k vi logic tnh cho hot ng c tn s gim
xung 0 v h tr hai ch tit kim nng lng c la chn bng
phn mm. Ch ngh dng CPU trong khi vn cho php RAM, cc
b nh thi/m, port ni tip v h thng ngt tip tc hot ng.
Ch ngun gim duy tr ni dung ca RAM nhng khng cho mch
dao ng cung cp xung clock nhm v hiu ho cc hot ng khc
ca chip cho n khi c reset cng tip theo.

Hnh nh AT89C51

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S khi ca AT89C51
2.6.1.1. M t cc chn

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S cc chn
AT89C51 c tt c 40 chn vi cc chc nng nh sau:
Vcc (40): Chn cung cp in (5V).
GND (20): Chn ni t (0V).
Port 0 (32-39):
Port 0 l port xut nhp 8-bit hai chiu.
Port 0 cn c cu hnh lm bus a ch (byte thp) v bus d liu a
hp trong khi truy xut b nh d liu ngoi v b nh chng trnh
ngoi.
Port 0 cng nhn cc byte m trong khi lp trnh cho Flash v xut cc
byte m trong khi kim tra chng trnh (Cc in tr ko ln bn ngoi
c cn n trong khi kim tra chng trnh).
Port 1(1-8) :
Port 1 l port xut nhp 8-bit hai chiu. Port 1 cng nhn byte a ch
thp trong thi gian lp trnh cho Flash.
Port 2 (21-28):
Port 2 l port xut nhp 8-bit hai chiu.
Port 2 to ra cc byte cao ca bus a ch trong thi gian tm np lnh
t b nh chng trnh ngoi v trong thi gian truy xut b nh d liu
ngoi s dng cc a ch 16-bit. Trong thi gian truy xut b nh d
liu ngoi s dng cc a ch 8-bit, Port 2 pht cc ni dung ca thanh
ghi chc nng c bit P2. Port 2 cng nhn cc bt a ch cao v vi
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tn hiu iu khin trong thi gian lp trnh cho Flash v kim tra
chng trnh.
Port 3 (10-17) :
Port 3 l Port xut nhp 8-bit hai chiu. Port 3 cng cn lm cc chc
nng khc ca AT89C51. Cc chc nng ny c lit k nh sau:
Chn
3.0
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7

Tn
RxD
TxD
INT0
INT1

T0
T1
WR

RD

Chc nng
Ng vo Port ni tip
Ng ra Port ni tip
Ng vo ngt ngoi 0
Ng vo ngt ngoi 1
Ng vo bn ngoi ca b nh thi 1
Ng vo bn ngoi ca b nh thi 0
iu khin ghi b nh d liu ngoi
iu khin c b nh d liu ngoi

Port 3 cng nhn mt vi tn hiu iu khin cho vic lp trnh Flash v

kim tra chng trnh.
RST (9):
Ng vo reset. Mc cao trn chn ny trong 2 chu k my trong khi b
dao ng ang hoat ng s reset AT89C51.

ST

Mch reset tc ng bng tay v t ng reset khi khi ng my

ALE/ PROG

(30):

ALE l mt xung ng ra cht byte thp ca a ch trong khi truy

xut b nh ngoi. Chn ny cng lm ng vo xung lp trnh ( PROG )
trong thi gian lp trnh cho Flash.
Khi hot ng bnh thng, xung ng ra ALE lun c tn s khng i
l 1/6 tn s ca mch dao ng, c th c dng cho cc mch ch
nh thi t bn ngoi v to xung clock. Tuy nhin, lu l mt xung
ALE s b b qua trong mi mt chu k truy xut b nh d liu ngoi.
Khi cn, hot ng ALE c th c v hiu ho bng cch set bit 0 ca
thanh ghi chc nng c bit c a ch 8Eh. Khi bit ny c set, ALE
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ch tch cc trong thi gan thc hin lnh MOVX hoc MOVC. Ngc
li, chn ny s c ko ln cao. Vic set bit khng cho php hot
ng cht byte thp ca a ch s khng c tc dng nu b vi iu
khin ang ch thc thi chng trnh ngoi.

(29):
PSEN (Program Store Enable) l xung iu khin truy xut b nh
chng trnh ngoi. Khi AT89C52 ang thc thi chng trnh t b
nh chng trnh ngoi, PSEN c kch hot hai ln mi chu k my,
nhng hai hot ng PSEN s b b qua mi khi truy cp b nh d
liu ngoi.

/Vpp (31):
EA (External Access Enable) l chn cho php truy xut b nh
chng trnh ngoi (bt u t a ch t 0000H n FFFFH).
EA = 0 cho php truy xut b nh chng trnh ngoi, ngc li EA
=1 s thc thi chng trnh bn trong chip.
Tuy nhin, lu rng nu bit kho 1 (lock-bit 1) c lp trnh, EA s
c cht bn trong khi reset.
Chn ny cng nhn in p cho php lp trnh Vpp=12V khi lp trnh
Flash (khi in p lp trnh 12V c chn).

PSEN

EA

XTAL1 v XTAL2:
XTAL1 v XTAL2 l hai ng vo v ra ca mt b khuch i o ca
mch dao ng, c cu hnh dng nh mt b dao ng trn chip.

Hnh 8: Xung clock

Khng c yu cu no v chu k nhim v ca tn hiu xung clock bn
ngoi do tn hiu ny phi qua mt flip-flop chia hai trc khi n
mch to xung clock bn trong, tuy nhin cc chi tit k thut v thi
gian mc thp v mc cao, in p cc tiu v cc i cn phi c
xem xt.
2.6.1.2. Cc ch c bit
2.6.1.2.1.Ch ngh
Trong ch ngh, CPU t i vo trng thi ng trong khi tt c cc
ngoi vi bn trong chip vn tch cc. Ch ny c iu khin bi
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phn mm. Ni dung ca RAM trn chip v ca tt c cc thanh ghi chc
nng c bit vn khng i trong khi thi gian tn ti ch ny. Ch
ngh c th c kt thc bi mt ngt bt k no c php hoc
bng cch reset cng.
Ta cn lu rng khi ch ngh c kt thc bi mt reset cng, chip
vi iu khin s tip tc bnh thng vic thc thi chng trnh t ni
chng trnh b tm dng, trong vng 2 chu k my trc khi gii thut
reset mm nm quyn iu khin.
ch ngh, phn cng trn chip cm truy xut RAM ni nhng cho
php truy xut cc chn ca cc port. trnh kh nng c mt thao tc
ghi khng mong mun n mt chn port khi ch ngh kt thc bng
reset, lnh tip theo yu cu ch ngh khng nn l lnh ghi n chn
port hoc n b nh ngoi.
2.6.1.2.2. Ch ngun gim
Trong ch ny, mch dao ng ngng hot ng v lnh yu cu ch
ngun gim l lnh sau cng c thc thi. RAM trn chip v cc
thanh ghi chc nng c bit vn duy tr cc gi tr ca chng cho n khi
ch ngun gim kt thc. Ch c mt cch ra khi ch ngun gim,
l reset cng.
Vic reset s xc nh li cc thanh ghi chc nng c bit nhng khng
lm thay i RAM trn chip. Vic reset khng nn xy ra (chn reset
mc tch cc) trc khi Vcc c khi phc li mc in p bnh thng
v phi ko di trng thi tch cc ca chn reset lu cho php
mch dao ng hot ng tr li v t trng thi n nh.
Trng thi ca cc chn trong thi gian tn ti ch ngh va ch
ngun gim c cho trong bng sau:

Ngh

B nh
chng
trnh
Bn trong

Ngh

Ch

ALE

PSEN PORT 0

PORT
1

D liu

D liu

Bn ngoi

Th ni

D liu

Ngun Bn trong
gim
Bn ngoi

D liu

D liu

Th ni

D liu

n H Thng Nhng
22

PORT
PORT 3
2
D
liu
D
liu
D
liu
D
liu

D liu
D liu
D liu
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2.6.1.3. Cc bt kho b nh chng trnh

i hc K Thut Cng

Trn chip c ba bit kho, cc bt ny c th khng cho php lp trnh

hoc cho php lp trnh, cc bit ny cho ta thm mt s c trng na ca
AT89C51 nh sau.Khi bit kho 1 LB1 c lp trnh, mc logic chn
EA c ly mu v c cht trong khi reset. Nu vic cp ngun cho
chip khng c cng dng reset, mch cht c khi ng bng mt gi
tr ngu nhin v gi tr ny c duy tr cho n khi c tc ng reset.
iu cn thit l gi tr c cht ca EA phi ph hp vi mc logic
hin hnh chn ny.
Cc bit kha chng trnh
Ch LB1 LB2 LB3

1
U
U
U
2
P
U
U

Loi bo v

Khng c c trng kha chng trnh

Cc lnh MOVC c thc thi t b nh
chng trnh ngoi khng c php tm
np lnh t b nh ni, EA c ly mu
v c cht khi reset, hn na vic lp
trnh trn Flash b cm
Nh ch 2, cm thm vic kim tra
chng trnh
Nh ch 3, cm thm vic thc thi
chng trnh ngoi

2.6.2.IC thi gian thc DS1307

2.6.2.1.Gii thiu chung v DS1307:
IC thi gian thc l h vi iu khin ca hng dalat. DS1307 c mt s
c trng c bn sau:
DS1307 l IC thi gian thc vi ngun cung cp nh dng cp nht
thi gian v ngy thng .
- SRAM : 56 bytes.
- a ch v d liu c truyn ni tip qua 2 ng bus 2 chiu.
- DS1307 c mt mch cm bin in p dng d cc in p li
v t ng ng ngt vi ngun pin cung cp 3V:
+ DS1307 c 7 bytes d liu nm t a ch 0x00 ti 0x06, 1
byte iu khin, v 56 bytes lu tr ( dnh cho ngi s dng ).
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+ Khi x l d liu t DS1307, h t chuyn cho ta v dng
s BCD, v d nh ta c c d liu t a ch 0x04 (tng ng vi
Day- ngy trong thng) v ti 0x05 (thng) l 0x15, 0x11.
+ Lu n vai tr ca chn SQW/OUT. y l chn cho xung
ra ca DS1307 c 4 ch 1Hz, 4.096HZ, 8.192Hz, 32.768Hz... cc ch
ny uc quy nh bi cc bt ca thanh ghi Control Register (a ch
0x07 ).
+ a ch ca DS1307l 0xD0.
C ch hot ng : DS1307 hot ng vi vai tr slave trn ng bus
ni tip.Vic truy cp c thi hnh vi ch th start v mt m thit b
nht nh c cung cp bi a ch cc thanh ghi. Tip theo cc
thanh ghi s c truy cp lin tc n khi ch th stop c thc thi.

IC thi gian thc DS1307

2.6.2.2.C ch hot ng v chc nng ca DS1307:

Vcc: ni vi ngun , GND: t

X1,X2: ni vi thch anh 32,768 kHz
Vbat: u vo pin 3V
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SDA: chui data , SCL: dy xung clock
SQW/OUT: xung vung/u ra driver
DS1307 l mt IC thi gian thc vi ngun cung cp nh, dng cp
nht thi gian v ngy thng vi 56 bytes SRAM. a ch v d liu
c truyn ni tip qua 2 ng bus 2 chiu. N cung cp thng tin
v gi, pht, giy, th, ngy, thng, nm. Ngy cui thng s t ng
c iu chnh vi cc thng nh hn 31 ngy, bao gm c vic t
ng nhy nm. ng h c th hot ng dng 24h hoc 12h vi
ch th AM/PM. DS1307 c mt mch cm bin in p dng d
cc in p li v t ng ng ngt vi ngun pin cung cp.
DS 1307 hot ng vi vai tr slave trn ng bus ni tip. Vic truy
cp c thi hnh vi ch th START v mt m thit b nht nh
c cung cp bi a ch cc thanh ghi. Tip theo cc thanh ghi s
c truy cp lin tc n khi ch th STOP c thc thi.
S khi ca DS1307:

*M t hot ng ca cc chn:
Vcc, GND: ngun mt chiu c cung cp ti cc chn ny. Vcc l
u vo 5V. Khi 5V c cung cp th thit b c th truy cp hon
chnh v d liu c th c v vit. Khi pin 3 V c ni ti thit b ny
v Vcc nh hn 1,25Vbat th qu trnh c v vit khng c thc thi,
tuy nhin chc nng timekeeping khng b nh hng bi in p vo
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thp. Khi Vcc nh hn Vbat th RAM v timekeeper s c ngt ti
ngun cung cp trong (thng l ngun 1 chiu 3V).
Vbat: u vo pin cho bt k mt chun pin 3V. in p pin phi c
gi trong khong t 2,5 n 3V m bo cho s hot ng ca thit
b.
SCL(serial clock input): SCL c s dng ng b s chuyn d
liu trn ng dy ni tip.
SDA(serial data input/out): l chn vo ra cho 2 ng dy ni tip.
Chn SDA thit k theo kiu cc mng h, i hi phi c mt in
tr ko trong khi hot ng.
SQW/OUT(square wave/output driver) - khi c kch hot th bit
SQWE c thit lp 1 chn SQW/OUT pht i 1 trong 4 tn s (1Hz,
4kHz, 8kHz, 32kHz). Chn ny cng c thit k theo kiu cc mng
h v vy n cng cn c mt in tr ko trong. Chn ny s hot
ng khi c Vcc v Vbat c cp.
X1,X2: c ni vi mt thch anh tn s 32,768kHz. L mt mch
to dao ng ngoi, hot ng n nh th phi ni thm 2 t 33pF .
Cng c DS1307 vi b to dao ng trong tn s 32,768kHz, vi cu
hnh ny th chn X1 s c ni vo tn hiu dao ng trong cn chn
X2 th h.
2.6.2.3.S a ch RAM v RTC:

Thng tin v thi gian v ngy thng c ly ra bng cch c cc byte

thanh ghi thch hp. Thi gian v ngy thng c thit lp cng thng
qua cc byte thanh ghi ny bng cch vit vo nhng gi tr thch
hp. Ni dung ca cc thanh ghi di dng m BCD (binary coded
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decreaseimal). Bit 7 ca thanh ghi seconds l bit clock halt (CH), khi
bit ny c thit lp 1 th dao ng disable, khi n c xo v 0 th
dao ng c enable.
Ch : enable dao ng trong sut qu trnh cu hnh thit lp
(CH=0).Thanh ghi thi gian thc c m t nh sau:

DS1307 c th chy ch 24h cng nh 12h. Bit th 6 ca thanh

ghi hours l bit chn ch 24h hoc 12h, khi bit ny mc cao th ch
12h c chn. ch 12h th bit 5 l bit AM/PM vi mc cao l
l PM. ch 24h th bit 5 l bit ch 20h (t 20h n 23h).
Trong qu trnh truy cp d liu, khi ch th START c thc thi th
dng thi gian c truyn ti mt thanh ghi th 2, thng tin thi gian
s c c t thanh ghi th cp ny, trong khi ng h vn tip tc
chy. Trong DS1307 c mt thanh ghi iu khin iu khin hot
ng ca chn SQW/OUT :

OUT(output control): bit ny iu khin mc ra ca chn SQW/OUT

khi u ra xung vung l disable. Nu SQWE = 0 th mc logic chn
SQW/OUT s l 1 nu OUT=1 v OUT = 0 nu OUT = 0 .
SQWE(square wave enable): bit ny c thit lp 1 s enable u ra
ca b to dao ng. Tn s ca u ra sng vung ph thuc vo gi
tr ca RS1 v RS0.
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DS1307 h tr bus 2 dy 2 chiu v giao thc truyn d liu, thit b gi

d liu ln bus c gi l b pht v thit b nhn gi l b thu, thit b
iu khin qu trnh ny gi l master, thit b nhn s iu khin ca
master gi l slave. Cc bus nhn s iu khin ca master, l thit b
pht ra chui xung clock(SCL),master s iu khin s truy cp bus, to
ra cc ch th START v STOP.
2.6.2.4.S truyn nhn d liu trn chui bus 2 dy :
Tu thuc vo bit R/ w m 2 loi truyn d liu s c thc thi:
Truyn d liu t master truyn v slave nhn: Master s truyn byte
u tin l a ch ca slave. Tip sau l cc byte d liu, slave s gi
li bit thng bo nhn c (bit acknowledge) sau mi byte d liu
nhn c, d liu s truyn t bit c gi tr nht (MSB).
Truyn d liu t slave v master nhn: byte u tin (a ch ca slave)
c truyn ti slave bi master. Sau slave s gi li master bit
acknowledge, tip theo slave s gi cc byte d liu ti master.
Master s gi cho slave cc bit acknowledge sau mi byte nhn c tr
byte cui cng, sau khi nhn c byte cui cng th bit acknowledge s
khng c gi. Master pht ra tt c cc chui xung clock v cc ch
th START v STOP. s truyn s kt thc vi ch th STOP hoc ch th
quay vng START. Khi ch th START quay vng th s truyn chui
d liu tip theo c thc thi v cc bus vn cha c gii phng. D
liu truyn lun bt u bng bit MSB.
DS1307 c th hot ng 2 ch sau:
Ch slave nhn( ch DS1307 ghi): chui d liu v chui xung
clock s c nhn thng qua SDA v SCL. Sau mi byte c nhn
th 1 bit acknowledge s c truyn, cc iu kin START v STOP
s c nhn dng khi bt u v kt thc mt truyn 1 chui, nhn
dng a ch c thc hin bi phn cng sau khi chp nhn a ch
ca slave v bit chiu. Byte a ch l byte u tin nhn c sau khi
iu kin START c pht ra t master. Byte a ch c cha 7 bit
a ch ca DS1307, l 1101000, tip theo l bit chiu (R/ w) cho
php ghi khi n bng 0, sau khi nhn v gii m byte a ch th thit b
s pht i 1 tn hiu acknowledge ln ng SDA. Sau khi DS1307
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nhn dng c a ch v bit ghi th master s gi mt a ch thanh
ghi ti DS1307, to ra mt con tr thanh ghi trn DS1307 v master s
truyn tng byte d liu cho DS1307 sau mi bit acknowledge nhn
c, sau master s truyn iu kin STOP khi vic ghi hon thnh.

Ch slave pht ( ch DS1307 c): byte u tin slave nhn

c tng t nh ch slave ghi. Tuy nhin trong ch ny th bit
chiu li ch chiu truyn ngc li. Chui d liu c pht i trn
SDA bi DS 1307 trong khi chui xung clock vo chn SCL. Cc iu
kin START v STOP c nhn dng khi bt u hoc kt thc truyn
mt chui. byte a ch nhn c u tin khi master pht i iu kin
START. Byte a ch cha 7 bit a ch ca slave v 1 bit chiu cho
php c l 1. Sau khi nhn v gii m byte a ch th thit b s nhn 1
bit acknowledge trn ng SDA. Sau DS1307 bt u gi d liu
ti a ch con tr thanh ghi thng qua con tr thanh ghi. Nu con tr
thanh ghi khng c vit vo trc khi ch c c thit lp th
a ch u tin c c s l a ch cui cng cha trong con tr
thanh ghi . DS1307 s nhn c mt tn hiu Not Acknowledge khi kt
thc qu trnh c. c d liu - ch slave pht.

Thi gian thc hin vic c, ghi d liu ca DS1307: s ng b:

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2.6.3. LCD 16x2

Ging nh led 7 thanh, LCD l mt thit b ngoi vi dng giao tip
vi ngi dng, so vi led 7 thanh th LCD c u im l hin th c
tt c cc k t trong bng m ascci, trong khi led 7 thanh ch hin th
c mt s k t, nhng LCD li c nhc im l gi thnh cao v
khong cch nhn gn.

Hnh nh LCD 16x2

Chc nng ca cc chn LCD :
Chn

K Hiu

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Vss

Ngun (GND)

Vcc

Ngun (+5V)

Vee

Chnh tng phn

RS

0/1

0=Nhp lnh
1=Nhp d liu

R/W

0/1

0=Ghi d liu
1=c d liu

DB0

1,1

Tn hiu cho php

0/1

I/O

Bt d liu 0

DB1

0/1

I/O

Bt d liu 1

DB2

0/1

I/O

Bt d liu 2

10

DB3

0/1

I/O

Bt d liu 3

11

DB4

0/1

I/O

Bt d liu 4

12

DB5

0/1

I/O

Bt d liu 5

13

DB6

0/1

I/O

Bt d liu 6

14

DB7

0/1

I/O

Bt d liu 7

15

Lamp-

n LCD

16

Lamp+

n LCD

Cc chn Vcc, Vss v Vee:

Chn Vcc cp dng ngun 5V, chn Vss ni t, chn Vee c dng
iu khin tng phn ca mn hnh LCD.
RS ( Register select):
Khi mc thp, ch th c truyn n LCD nh xo mn hnh ,v tr
con tr .Khi mc cao, k t c truyn n LCD.
R/W (Read/Write):
Dng xc nh hng ca d liu c truyn gia LCD v vi iu
khin. Khi n mc thp d liu c ghi n LCD v khi mc cao,

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d liu c c t LCD. Nu chng ta ch cn ghi d liu ln LCD th
chng ta c th ni chn ny xung GND tit kim chn.
E (Enable):
Cho php ta truy cp/xut n LCD thng qua chn RS v R/W. Khi chn
E mc cao (1) LCD s kim tra trng thi ca 2 chn RS v R/W v
p ng cho ph hp. Khi d liu c cp n chn d liu th mt
xung mc cao xung thp phi c p n chn ny LCD cht d
liu trn cc chn d liu. Xung ny phi rng ti thiu l 450ns. Cn khi
chn E mc thp (0), LCD s b v hiu ho hoc b qua tn hiu ca 2
chn RS v R/W.
Cc chn D0 - D7:
y l 8 chn d liu 8 bt, c dng gi thng tin ln LCD hoc c
ni dung ca cc thanh ghi trong LCD. Cc k t c truyn theo m
tng ng trong bng m ascii. Cng c cc m lnh m c th c gi
n LCD xo mn hnh hoc a con tr v u dng hoc nhp nhy
con tr.
LCD c 2 ch giao tip:
Ch 4 bit (ch dng 4 chn D4 n D7 truyn d liu) v ch 8
bit (dng c 8 chn d liu t D0 n D7), ch 4 bit, khi truyn 1
byte, chng ta s truyn na cao ca byte trc, sau mi truyn na
thp ca byte.
Trc khi truyn cc k t ra mn hnh LCD ta cn thit lp cho LCD
nh chn ch 4 bit hoc 8 bit, 1 dng hay 2 dng ,bt/tt con tr
Di y l bng tp lnh ca LCD :

Bng Tp Lnh Ca LCD

M (Hex)

Lnh n thanh ghi ca LCD

Xa mn hnh hin th

Tr v u dng

Gi con tr (dch con tr sang tri)

Tng con tr (dch con tr sang phi)

Dch hin th sang tri

Dch hin th sang phi

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Tt con tr, tt hin th

Tt hin th, bt con tr

Bt hin th, tt con tr

Bt hin th, nhp nhy con tr

Tt con tr, nhp nhy con tr

10

Dch v tr con tr sang tri

14

Dch v tr con tr sang phi

18

Dch ton b v tr hin th sang tri

1C

Dch ton b v tr hin th sang phi

80

p con tr v u dng th nht

C0

p con tr v u dng th hai

38

Hai dng v ma trn 5x7

c thanh ghi lnh,ta phi t RS=0 v R/W =1 v xung cao xung

thp cho bt E. Sau khi c thanh ghi lnh,nu bit D7(c bn ) mc cao
th LCD bn, khng c thng tin hay lnh no c xut n n. Khi
D7=0 mi c th gi lnh hay d liu n LCD. Chng ta nn kim tra
bit c bn trc khi ghi thng tin ln LCD.
2.6.4.IC n p 7805
Vi nhng mch in khng i hi n nh ca in p qu cao, s
dng IC n p thng c ngi thit k s dng v mch in kh n
gin. Cc loi n p thng c s dng l IC 78xx, vi xx l in p
cn n p. V d 7805 n p 5V, 7812 n p 12V. Vic dng cc loi IC
n p 78xx tng t nhau, di y l minh ha cho IC n p 7805:

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S pha di IC 7805 c 3 chn:

* Chn s 1 l chn IN.
* Chn s 2 l chn GND.
* Chn s 3 l chn OUT.
Ng ra OUT lun n nh 5V d in p t ngun cung cp thay i.
Mch ny dng bo v nhng mch in ch hot ng in p 5V
(cc loi IC thng hot ng in p ny). Nu ngun in c s c
t ngt: in p tng cao th mch in vn hot ng n nh nh c IC
7805 vn gi c in p ng ra OUT 5V khng i.
Mch trn ly ngun mt chiu t mt my bin p vi in p t 7V
n 9V a vo ng IN. Khi kt ni mch in, do nhiu nguyn
nhn, ngi dng d nhm ln cc tnh ca ngun cung cp khi u ni
vo mch, trong trng hp ny rt d nh hng n cc linh kin trn
board mch. V l do mt diode c lp thm vo mch, diode m
bo cc tnh ca ngun cp cho mch theo mt chiu duy nht, v ngui
dng cng khng cn quan tm n cc tnh ca ngun khi ni vo ng
IN na.
2.6.5. T in
T in l linh kin in t th ng c s dng rt rng ri trong cc
mch in t, chng c s dng trong cc mch lc ngun, lc nhiu,
mch truyn tn hiu xoay chiu, mch to dao ng.Trong mch ny ta
s s dng mt t ha cho khi reset, v hai t gm cho khi dao ng.

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T gm

T ha

2.6.6.in tr
Trong thit b in t in tr l mt linh kin quan trng, chng c

lm t hp cht cacbon v kim loi tu theo t l pha trn m ngi ta

to ra c cc loi in tr c tr s khc nhau.

Hnh dng ca in tr trong thit b in t.

2.6.7.Nt bm button
Trong mch ny ta s dng 3 nt bm iu khin menu, tng , gim
cho vic ci t gi , ngy, thng, nm.

Nt bm
2.6.8.Bin tr
Trong mch ta s s dng mt bin tr 10k iu chnh tng phn
ca LCD.

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Bin tr
2.6.9.Thch anh
Trong mch ta s s dng hai thch anh, mt loi 12Mhz to dao ng
cho AT89C51, mt loi 32,768 Mhz to dao ng cho DS1307.

Thch anh 12 Mhz

Thch anh 32,768 Mhz

2.6.10.Pin CMOS 3V
Ta s s dng mt v pin CMOS 3V lm ngun nui cho DS1307
n c th lu c gi khi mt in ngun cung cp cho mch.

Pin CMOS

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CHNG 3. XY DNG H THNG

3.1.Thit k phn cng
H thng s gm 5 khi nh phn tch chng hai, ta s c s
nguyn l nh sau:

Trn c s s nguyn l, v mch in trn Orcad v c kt qu nh sau:

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Mch v trn orcad

Mch in mt lp

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3.2.Thit k phn mm
Phn mm cn thc hin cc chc nng chnh nh sau :
Hin th thi gian bnh thng: khi khi to, vi iu khin kim tra xem
trong IC thi gian thc c thi gian hay cha, nu cha c thi gian
ci t trc th hin th gi tr thi gian mc nh m ta thit lp sn;
cn bnh thng c thi gian ci t trc vi iu khin c d liu
thi gian t IC thi gian thc, x l v hin th kt qu ln mn hnh
LCD.
Ci t thi gian: khi xut hin ngt ngoi 0, vi iu khin bt u thc
hin ci t ngy gi. Trn LCD, theo ln xut hin ngt ngoi 0 m ln
lt v tr con tr ca n s nhy ti gi tr thi gian ln lt l gi, pht,
giy, ngy, thng, nm; ty vo yu cu ci t m tng gim gi tr thi
gian sau ghi d liu vo IC thi gian thc; km theo mt c vo thanh
ghi ram u tin nhn bit l c ci t thi gian.
Chng trnh

#include <AT89X51.H>
#include <intrins.h>
// DINH NGHIA 1 SO CONG
#define sda P1_1
#define scl P1_0
#define rs P3_7
#define rw P3_6
#define en P3_5
#define menu P3_2
#define tang P3_1
#define giam P3_0
#define congLCD P2
#define D7 P2_7
unsigned char *rtc[]={"0","1","2","3","4","5","6","7","8","9"}
unsigned char *day[]={"CNhat","Thu 2","Thu 3","Thu 4","Thu
5","Thu 6","Thu 7"};
unsigned char giatrikhoitao_rtc[8];
/******************************************************/
//
CAC CHUONG TRINH CON GIAO TIEP VOI LCD
//
void busy()
{ D7=1;
rs=0; rw=1;
while(D7!=0) {en=0; en=1;
}
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}

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void ghilenhLCD(unsigned char x)

{ busy();
congLCD=x; // gia tri x
rs=0;
// chon thanh ghi lenh
rw=0;
// ghi len lcd
en=1;
// cho phep muc cao
en=0;
//xung cao xuong thap
}
void khoitaoLCD(void)
{ ghilenhLCD(0X38); // hai dong va ma tran 5x7
ghilenhLCD(0X0C); //bat man hinh , bat con tro
ghilenhLCD(0X01); //xoa man hinh
ghilenhLCD(0X06);//dich hien thi sang phai(tang con tro sang
phai)
}
void ghi_kytu(unsigned char value)
{ busy();
congLCD=value;
rs=1; rw=0;
en=1; en=0; }
void ghi_chuoi(unsigned char *string)
{ unsigned char i;
for(i=0;string[i]!='\0';i++)
ghi_kytu(string[i]); }
void ghiso(unsigned char a)
{ unsigned char i;
i=a/10; ghi_chuoi(rtc[i]);
i=a%10; ghi_chuoi(rtc[i]); }
void hienthi_dulieu_rtc(unsigned char x)
{ unsigned char temp;
temp = x/16;
//chuyen luon so sang decima
ghi_chuoi(rtc[temp]);
temp = x%16;
ghi_chuoi(rtc[temp]); }
/***********************************************************
// CAC CHUONG TRINH CON GIAO TIEP VOI RTC
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// ca 2 dk start va stop dc tao ra boi
thiet bi chu
void start_rtc(void) //dk start: 1 su cdoi tthai tu cao xuong thap tren
duong sda trong khi duong scl dang o muc cao
{scl=1; sda=1;
_nop_();_nop_();
sda=0; scl=0; }
void stop_rtc(void) //dk stop: 1 su cdoi trang thai tu muc thap len cao
tren duong sda trong khi duong slc dang o muc cao
{ sda=0; scl=1;
_nop_();_nop_();
sda=1; }
void gui_rtc(unsigned char x)
{ unsigned char i;
for(i=0;i<8;i++){
sda=(x&0x80)? 1:0; //dua bit du lieu ra chan SDA
scl=1;
_nop_();_nop_();
scl=0;
x<<=1; //bit co trong so lon hon dc truyen truoc
}
scl=1;//nhan bit ACK tu SLAVER
_nop_();_nop_();
scl=0; }
unsigned char nhan_rtc(void)
{
unsigned char Data,i;
for(i=0;i<8;i++) // nhan vao 8 bit
{
scl=1;
Data<<=1;
Data=Data|sda;
scl=0; }
sda=1;
scl=1; //master nhan/gui bit du lieu(sda) khi scl o muc cao
_nop_();
scl=0;
_nop_(); //du lieu(sda) thay doi khi scl muc thap
return Data; //tra gia tri cho ham
}
unsigned char docdulieu(unsigned char diachi)
{
unsigned char Data;
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start_rtc();
gui_rtc(0xd0);
gui_rtc(diachi); //bat dau doc du lieu tu thanh ghi co dia chi
0x00
start_rtc();
gui_rtc(0xd1);
Data=nhan_rtc();
stop_rtc();//Stop I2C
return Data; }
void ghidulieu(void)
{ unsigned char t;
for(t=0;t<9;t++){start_rtc();
gui_rtc(0xd0);
gui_rtc(t);
gui_rtc(giatrikhoitao_rtc[t]);
stop_rtc();}
}
/
**************************************************************
*/
// HIEN THI GIO , NGAY THANG TREN LCD
//
void hienthi_rtc(void)
{ ghilenhLCD(0xca); // ep con tro den vi tri thu 11 dong thu 2
hienthi_dulieu_rtc(docdulieu(0)); //hien thi giay
ghilenhLCD(0xc7); // ep con tro den vi tri thu 8 dong thu 2
hienthi_dulieu_rtc(docdulieu(1)); // hien thi phut
ghi_kytu(':');
ghilenhLCD(0xc4); // ep con tro den vi tri thu 5 dong thu 2
hienthi_dulieu_rtc(docdulieu(2)); //hien thi gio
ghi_kytu(':');
ghilenhLCD(0x80); //ep con tro den dau dong thu 1
ghi_chuoi(day[docdulieu(3)-1]); ghi_kytu(',');
//hien thi thu
ghilenhLCD(0x86); //ep con tro den vi tri thu 7 dong thu 1
hienthi_dulieu_rtc(docdulieu(4));//hien thi ngay
ghi_kytu('-'); hienthi_dulieu_rtc(docdulieu(5));//hien thi thang
ghi_chuoi("-20"); hienthi_dulieu_rtc(docdulieu(6)); //nam
}
/
**************************************************************/
//
TAO THOI GIAN TRE DUNG TIMER 0
//
void delay(long time)//tre time ms
{
while(time--){
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TMOD=0x01;// che do 16 bit khong tu nap lai
TH0=0xFC;TL0=0x67;
//6*(65536- FC67+1)*(1/12000)=1000us =1ms
TR0=1;
while(TF0!=1){};
TF0=0; TR0=0;}
}
/
**************************************************************
*/
// CHUONG TRINH CON THUC HIEN VIEC CAI DAT NGAY GIO, THANG
NAM
//
unsigned char bcd_dec(unsigned char bcd)
{return((bcd/16)*10+(bcd%16)); //vd bcd=66 -> dec =42}
unsigned char dec_bcd(unsigned char dec)
{return((dec/10)*16+(dec%10)); }
//~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~//
void caidat_rtc()
{
unsigned char giay,phut,gio,thu,ngay,thang,nam;
giay = bcd_dec(docdulieu(0)&0x7f); // de bit 7 (bit clock halt)
cua
thanh ghi giay = 0 => ko bi treo)
phut = bcd_dec(docdulieu(1));
gio = bcd_dec(docdulieu(2)& 0x3f); //che do 24 h
thu = bcd_dec(docdulieu(3));
ngay = bcd_dec(docdulieu(4));
thang = bcd_dec(docdulieu(5));
nam = bcd_dec(docdulieu(6));
//~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~//
// CAI DAT GIO
ghilenhLCD(1);
ghi_chuoi("CHINH GIO:");
ghilenhLCD(0x0e);
ghilenhLCD(0xc4);
ghiso(gio); ghi_kytu(':');ghiso(phut);ghi_kytu(':'); ghiso(giay);
/////////////////////////////////////////
ghilenhLCD(0xC5);
while(menu==0);
caidatgio:while(tang!=0 && giam!=0 && menu!=0);
if(tang==0) {gio++;
if(gio==24) gio=0;
ghilenhLCD(0xC4);
ghiso(gio);
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ghilenhLCD(0xC5);
delay(300);
goto caidatgio;
}
if(giam==0) {gio--;
if(gio==0xff)gio=23;
ghilenhLCD(0xC4);
ghiso(gio);
ghilenhLCD(0xC5);
delay(300);
goto caidatgio;}
///////////////////////////////////////////////////
while(menu==0);
ghilenhLCD(0xC8);
caidatphut: while(tang!=0 && giam!=0 && menu!=0);
if(tang==0) {phut++;
if(phut==60) phut=0;
ghilenhLCD(0xC7);
ghiso(phut);
ghilenhLCD(0x10);
delay(300);
goto caidatphut;}
if(giam==0){phut--;
if(phut==0xff)phut=59;
ghilenhLCD(0xC7);
ghiso(phut);
ghilenhLCD(0x10);
delay(300);
goto caidatphut; }
///////////////////////////////////////////////////
while(menu==0);
ghilenhLCD(0xCB);
caidatgiay: while(tang!=0 && giam!=0 && menu!=0);
if(tang==0) {giay++;
if(giay==60) giay=0;
ghilenhLCD(0xCA);
ghiso(giay);
ghilenhLCD(0xCB);
delay(100);
goto caidatgiay; }
if(giam==0) {giay--;
if(giay==0xff) giay=59;
ghilenhLCD(0xCA);
ghiso(giay);
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ghilenhLCD(0xCB);
delay(100);
goto caidatgiay; }
//~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~//
// CAI DAT NGAY - THANG - NAM
while(menu==0);
ghilenhLCD(1);
ghi_chuoi("CHINH NGAY :");
ghilenhLCD(0xc4);
ghiso(ngay); ghi_kytu('-'); ghiso(thang);
ghi_chuoi("-20"); ghiso(nam);
///////////////////////////////////////////////////
ghilenhLCD(0xc5);
caidatngay:while (tang!=0 && giam!=0 && menu!=0);
if(tang==0){ ngay++;
if(ngay==32) ngay=1;
ghilenhLCD(0xC4);
ghiso(ngay);
ghilenhLCD(0x10);
delay(300);
goto caidatngay; }
if(giam==0) {ngay--;
if(ngay==0) ngay=31;
ghilenhLCD(0xC4);
ghiso(ngay);
ghilenhLCD(0x10);
delay(300);
goto caidatngay; }
////////////////////////////////////////////////////
while(menu==0);
ghilenhLCD(0xC8);
caidatthang:while(tang!=0 && giam!=0 && menu!=0);
if(tang==0) { thang++;
if(thang==13)
thang=1;
ghilenhLCD(0xC7);
ghiso(thang);
ghilenhLCD(0x10);
delay(300);
goto caidatthang; }
if(giam==0){ thang--;
if(thang==0) thang=12;
ghilenhLCD(0xC7);
ghiso(thang);
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ghilenhLCD(0x10);
delay(300);
goto caidatthang; }
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
while(menu==0);
ghilenhLCD(0xCD);
caidatnam:while(tang!=0 && giam!=0 && menu!=0);
if(tang==0)
{
nam++;
if(nam==100)
nam=0;
ghilenhLCD(0xCC);
ghiso(nam);
ghilenhLCD(0xCE);
delay(300);
goto caidatnam; }
if(giam==0)
{
nam--;
if(nam==0) nam=99;
ghilenhLCD(0xCC);
ghiso(nam);
ghilenhLCD(0xCE);
delay(300);
goto caidatnam; }
//~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~//
// CAI DAT THU
while(menu==0);
ghilenhLCD(1);
ghi_chuoi("CHINH THU :");
ghilenhLCD(0xc4);
ghi_chuoi(day[thu-1]);
caidatthu:while(tang!=0 && giam!=0 && menu!=0);
if(tang==0)
{
thu++;
if(thu==8) thu=1;
ghilenhLCD(0xC4);
ghi_chuoi(day[thu-1]);
delay(300);
goto caidatthu; }
if(giam==0)
{ thu--;
if(thu==0) thu=7;
ghilenhLCD(0xC4);
ghi_chuoi(day[thu-1]);
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delay(300);
goto caidatthu; }

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while(menu==0);
// ket thuc cai dat
ghilenhLCD(1);
//thi thuc hien xoa man hinh
ghilenhLCD(0x0C);
//bat hien thi tat con tro
//CAP NHAT THOI GIAN VAO RTC
giatrikhoitao_rtc[0] = dec_bcd(giay);
giatrikhoitao_rtc[1] = dec_bcd(phut);
giatrikhoitao_rtc[2] = dec_bcd(gio);
giatrikhoitao_rtc[3] = dec_bcd(thu);
giatrikhoitao_rtc[4] = dec_bcd(ngay);
giatrikhoitao_rtc[5] = dec_bcd(thang);
giatrikhoitao_rtc[6] = dec_bcd(nam);
giatrikhoitao_rtc[7] = 0x00;
giatrikhoitao_rtc[8] = 'c';
//ghi vao vi tri dau tien cua ram1 co
flag
ghidulieu();
ghilenhLCD(1);
}
/**********************************************************/
//
CHUONG TRINH CON KIEM TRA DU LIEU TU DS1307 KHI KHOI
DONG
//
void kiemtra_rtc(void)
{
unsigned char temp;
start_rtc(); gui_rtc(0xd0);
gui_rtc(0x08);
//doc du lieu tu vi tri ram dau tien
start_rtc(); gui_rtc(0xd1);
temp=nhan_rtc() ; //con tro dang tro toi dia chi 0x08 chua du
lieu flag (co?`) xem da cai dat hay chua
stop_rtc();
if(temp!='c') // neu gia tri thu 8 nhan duoc khac voi co 'c' cap
nhat khi cai dat gio thi tuc la lan dau duoc khoi tao,
ta se chon gia tri ghi vao ban dau theo y minh
{
giatrikhoitao_rtc[0]=0x50;
giatrikhoitao_rtc[1]=0x59;
giatrikhoitao_rtc[2]=0x09;
giatrikhoitao_rtc[3]=0x04;
giatrikhoitao_rtc[4]=0x04;
giatrikhoitao_rtc[5]=0x05;
giatrikhoitao_rtc[6]=0x11;
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giatrikhoitao_rtc[7]=0x00;
giatrikhoitao_rtc[8]='c';
ghidulieu();}
}
//~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~//
void doccacdulieu(void){
int i;
for(i=0;i<=6;i++){docdulieu(i);} }
//~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~//
//
CHUONG TRINH CHINH
//
bit co=0;
void caidatco() interrupt 0 //ngat ngoai 0 thi co =1
{co=1; }
void main()
{
khoitaoLCD();
ghilenhLCD(1);
ghilenhLCD(0x80);
ghi_chuoi("GVHD: THAY HUY");
ghilenhLCD(0xc0);
ghi_chuoi("SV:HOP-HIEN-HONG");
ghilenhLCD(1);
kiemtra_rtc();
IE=0x81;// EA_ET2.ES.ET1.EX1.ET0.EX0 cho phep ngat ngoai
0
doccacdulieu();
while(1)
{
doccacdulieu();
hienthi_rtc();
if(co==1) //co =1 ngat 0 xay ra => cai dat gio
{ caidat_rtc();
co=0; }
}
}

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3.3.Kt qu m phng

3.4.Mch thi cng thc t

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KT LUN
Sau mt thi gian tm hiu, di s hng dn nhit tnh ca thy
Ths.Nguyn Vn Huy, nhm chng em hon thnh ti Thit k ng
h thi gian thc hin th trn LCD.
ng h hin th c th, ngy, thng, nm, gi, pht, giy, c th ci
t c thi gian thng qua giao tip phm n.
Qua chng em c cng c kin thc hc, kt hp c vi
thc tin, phc v cho cng vic tng lai rt nhiu.
Chng em c gng ht sc thc hin ti mt cch hon thin
v nhanh nht c th, nhng do trnh cn hn ch nn cn nhiu thiu st,
ti mi dng li vic lm mt chic ng h hin th thi gian n gin.
Cng vi ti ny, trong tng lai chng em s pht trin n mc
cao hn, c th kt hp chng vi cc thit b khc s dng trong thc tin
cuc sng nh ng h km o nhit , hn gi, chung bo, lch lm vic
c nhn hay tp th,

Danh mc ti liu tham kho

Bi ging vi x lvi iu khin i hc K Thut Cng Nghip
Bi ging H thng Nhng i hc K Thut Cng Nghip
Gio trnh h vi iu khin 8051 Tng Vn n
Hng dn s dng kit 8051 BKIT HARDWARE CLUB
Programing Embedded Systems II Michael J.Pont Unisversity
of Leicester
Cc trang web tham kho:
http://www.keil.com/forum/
http://vagam.dieukhien.net/
http://vidieukhien.net/
http://www.8051projects.net/
http://www.hocavr.com/index.php/app/textlcd
http://www.hocavr.com/index.php/app/ds1307
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