NH GI MT TIT DY NG DNG CNTT

I. PHN BIT CC KHI NIM - Gio n in t - Bi ging in t - ng dng cng ngh thng tin v truyn thng (CNTT&TT). 1. Gio n K hoch v dn gi ln lp ca GV, bao gm ti ca gi ln lp, mc ch gio dc v gio dng, ni dung, phng php, thit b, nhng hot ng c th ca thy v tr, khu kim tra nh gi... Tt c c ghi ngn gn theo trnh t thc t s din ra trong gi ln lp. Gio n c thy gio bin son trong giai on chun b ln lp v quyt nh phn ln s thnh cng ca bi hc. (Ngun: http://dictionary.bachkhoatoanthu.gov.vn ). 2. Gio n in t (gio n c NG DNG CNTT: - Gio n truyn thng ca GV nhng c a vo my vi tnh, gio n truyn thng nhng c lu tr, th hin dng in t (trn my tnh). Khi gio n truyn thng c a vo my tnh th nhng u im, th mnh ca CNTT s pht huy: lu tr, hnh thc, chia s, x l, qun l - Gio n in t khng bao hm c hay khng vic NG DNG CNTT&TT trong tit hc m gio n th hin. (Ngun: Nhng vn chung v i mi gio dc THCS-mn Tin hc V Gio dc Trung hc-B Gio dc v o to, 2007, trang 95, 96.) - Khi nim gio n in t quen dng trong thc t hin nay, nhng trong ting nc ngoi (Anh, Php) khng c khi nim gio n in t (e-lesson plan) nh e-learning, e-banking hay, e-commerce, e-mail bi v khi ni e-(electronic) ni hm trn my tnh v thng qua cc mng truyn thng - my tnh. V d: Email, e-mail: Vic truyn th tn v cc thng bo bt k c chun b di dng in t (trn my tnh), thng qua cc mng truyn thng - my tnh. (Ngun: http://dictionary.bachkhoatoanthu.gov.vn ). 3. Bi ging v bi ging in t: - Nu coi gio n l kch bn th bi ging c coi l v kch c cng din. Bi ging l tin trnh GV trin khai gio n ca mnh trn lp. Nh vy bi ging in t l bi ging ca GV c th hin trn lp nh s h tr ca cc thit b in t v phng tin CNTT&TT. 4. ng dng CNTT&TT trong dy hc. a) Cc hnh thc ng dng CNTT trong dy hc: - Computer-based learning: Bi ging trn lp c mt s khai thc ng dng CNTT di s hng dn ca GV (s tng tc ngi hc-my cn hn ch). - E-learning: S dng my tnh v qua mng t hc cc bi ging m GV son sn (tnh tng tc cao). c im ca dy hc c ng dng CNTT l tnh tng tc (interactive) gia ngi hc vi phng tin CNTT. b) Phng tin CNTT&TT ng dng cho bi ging trn lp thng gm: - My mc, thit b in t. - Phn mm trnh chiu nh powerpoint (n gin v thun tin nht) hay mt s phn mm trnh chiu khc. y l dng ph bin nht hin song hay nhm ln gi y l gio n in t. V vy vic s dng powerpoint son bi, c th gi l bn trnh chiu. - Cc phn mm dy hc nh phn mm th nghim o - Cc cng c th hin multimedia. Mt sn phm, mt phn mm, mt thit b tin hc c cho l multimedia khi n cho php khai thc thng tin a thc, nhiu kiu nh: vn bn vn bn

(text), m thanh (sound), ting ni (voice), hnh nh tnh (image), video-clip, hnh ng (animation), ho (graphic)... II. NH GI MT TIT DY C NG DNG CNTT&TT (Xem xt tng th tit D-H va c ng dng CNTT&TT, va s dng cc TBDH khc) - Trong thc tin dy hc cc trng ph thng hin nay, c nhiu kin khc nhau v nh gi cht lng ng dng CNTT&TT trong dy hc. Nhiu tit hc s dng cng c trnh chiu powerpoint rt hp dn, nhng hiu qu s phm khng cao. HS ch theo di cc hnh nh chiu trn mn hnh, cha kt hp ghi chp v, v tt nhin khng c cc hot ng hc tp c nhn. - Cn c nhng tiu ch nh gi tit D-H c ng dng CNTT&TT nh hng cho vic s dng CNTT&TT trong dy hc ph thng. 5 tiu chun: * Tiu chun 1: V ni dung - Bo m tnh chnh xc, khoa hc, ph hp vi c trng b mn v ni dung, phng php bi dy. Th hin ni bt c bi hc, khi gi c tnh tch cc, ch ng, sng to ca HS trong nhn thc, luyn tp. - Yu cu c th : + m bo chnh xc v ni dung kin thc, t tng, chnh t, t ng... + Khoa hc trong cch thit k, trnh by. Cc slide khng qu nhiu (bnh thng nn 30 slide /1tit), c thit k khoa hc, ph hp vi c trng b mn, c tc dng gip HS suy ngh, tm ti, khm ph, luyn tp. Ni dung cc slide c thit k, trnh by sao cho th hin ni bt kin thc, c tnh h thng, trnh t, logic ; hnh thc thm m, hp dn, gip HS tp trung ch , khng gy phn tn ch ca HS; ph hp vi PPDH tch cc - th hin r dng dn dt HS suy ngh, tm ti, khm ph... + Cc phn mm ng dng v cc slide, cc phim t liu (nu c) cn c lm r v th hin c sinh ng ni dung bi hc, t hiu qu cao cho minh ho, khm ph, h thng ha v khc cht kin thc. Ghp ni gia phn mm ng dng v phim t liu kho lo, ph hp trnh t b cc, logic bi hc. Ty bi chn dng phn mm ng dng v cc slide ch, hnh, s cho ph hp. Ni dung v d liu trong cc slide phi m bo minh ha, khc cht hoc h thng ha c kin thc (c bit phn trng tm bi), hng dn HS tm ti, khm ph bi hc. Phn mm ng dng t hiu qu cao v sinh ng trong th hin kin thc v dn dt HS xy dng bi hc. + Trc nghim sinh ng, t hiu qu cng c, luyn tp, nh gi tit hc. * Tiu chun 2: V phng php - PPDH ph hp vi c trng b mn, vi ni dung ca kiu bi ln lp. - Kt hp tt cc phng php trong hot ng dy v hc; kt hp tt vic ng dng CNTT vi cc PPDH ph hp vi ni dung ca kiu bi ln lp. Xem xt s kt hp nhun nhuyn gia vic s dng phng php c th ca b mn; trnh vic xem ng dng CNTT&TT l mt PPDH mi bi v ng dng CNTT&TT ch gip h tr i mi PPDH. V d c nhiu trng hp cn ti t chc hot ng hc tp c nhn v nhm th GV li trnh chiu Powerpoint theo kiu dy hc ng lot. * Tiu chun 3: V phng tin v k thut a) Tiu ch v hnh thc : - Trnh by thm m, r nt, d hiu, d nm, kch thch c s hng phn, tch cc, ch ng, sng to ca HS. Khng lm HS mt tp trung vo bi hc. - Yu cu c th : + Hnh v ch phi r, nt, c ch ln xem, gn li, trnh by p v c tnh trc quan, th hin ni bt c kin thc.

+ Cc hiu ng hnh nh, mu sc, m thanh, chuyn ng c s dng c mc , hp l, khng b lm dng, khng qu ti i vi HS, khng gy nhiu lon lm mt tp trung vo bi hc. Cc hiu ng khng lm HS phn tn ch , khng qu nhiu, s dng c cn nhc n nh hng bt li ca n. b) Tiu ch v k thut (K thut trnh chiu v s dng my) - GV lm ch c k thut, thao tc nhun nhuyn, trnh chiu khng trc trc. - Phi hp nhp nhng gia trnh chiu vi ghi bng, ghi v, n khp gia cc slide vi li ging, hot ng ca GV - HS, vi tin trnh bi dy. - Nhp trnh chiu v trin khai bi dy va phi, ph hp vi s tip thu ca phn ng HS. HS theo di kp v ghi v kp. * Tiu chun 4: V t chc lp hc - Thc hin linh hot cc khu ln lp, phn phi thi gian hp l cc phn, cc khu. - T chc v iu khin HS hc tp tch cc, ch ng ph hp vi ni dung ca kiu bi; m bo tnh tng tc GV-HS, HS-GV, HS-HS. + nh gi s phn phi thi gian hp l gia cc bc ln lp, cc ni dung (chnh, ph), cc khu (n, ging, luyn). + nh gi vic t chc HS hc tp tch cc. + nh gi bi ging bo m s tng tc gia HS vi bi hc, s p ng vi tnh c th trong bi hc, c th gip HS t hc mi lc, mi ni. + T chc hp l vic trnh chiu, minh ha vi vic t chc hot ng hc tp, rn luyn theo t, nhm; iu khin HS ng gp xy dng bi; to iu kin cho HS tng tc vi bi ging in t. + C cc cu hi tng tc vi bi hc thng qua bi tp thc hnh: Cc cu hi c xy dng nhm kch thch tnh ng no ca ngi hc, thc hin phng chm ly ngi hc lm trung tm, ch trng tnh ch ng. + C ngun t liu phong ph lin quan n bi hc, ti liu, websites tham kho ngi hc t ch c thm, nhng trch dn c liu lng thch hp. * Tiu chun 5: V hiu qu (KT, PP, KN, nh gi). - Thc hin c mc tiu bi hc - HS hiu bi bi v hng th hc tp. - HS tch cc, ch ng tm ra bi hc. - HS c thc hnh-luyn tp (RLKN). - nh gi c kt qu gi dy. - Pht huy c tc dng ni bt ca CNTT m bng en v cc TBDH khc kh t c. III. KT LUN - ng dng CNTT&TT trong D-H khng phi l mt phng php mi m ch l s h tr i mi PPDH bng cc cng c, phng tin CNTT&TT. Do iu cn trnh l tuyt i khng th ng nht vic thc hin tit dy c ng dng CNTT&TT vi bi trnh chiu Powerpoint n thun. - Cn trnh vic lm dng ng dng CNTT&TT m khng xem xt k nhng ni dung no cn thit v khi no cn thit, hoc loi b hn nhng phng tin khc. - Cn trnh vic chuyn t c-chp sang nhn-chp. - Vic ng dng CNTT&TT trong mt tit D-H khng c ngha l thi lng ton b tit D-H ch dnh duy nht cho ng dng CNTT&TT. GV cn linh hot s dng phng tin CNTT&TT hay phng tin truyn thng khc trong tit D-H khi no xt thy cn thit v hiu qu.