Bi vi t c ng trn t p ch ha h c v ng d ng BI T P V pH C A DUNG D CH Tr n Th Thu Trang L p K34 Ha HSP H N i 2 i v i cc b n h c sinh THPT vi c ti p c n v i nh ng bi t p v pH l i u r t m i m . V v y c th g p ph i m t s kh khn. V v y A. L thuy t v pH I.

I. N ng mol/l c a ion H+: H2O H+ + OHV i [H+].[OH-]= 10-14 [H+] = [OH-]= 10-7M - Dung d ch axit: H2O H+ + Cl- (1) H2O H+ + OH-(2) V [H+](1) >[H+](2) nn [H+] >[OH-] [H+] >10-7M - Dung d ch baz: NaOH Na+ + OHH2O H+ + OHV [OH-](1) >[OH-](2) nn [H+] <[OH-] [H+]<10-7M K t lu n: Dung d ch axit: [H+] >10-7M Dung d ch bazo: [H+]<10-7M Dung d ch trung tnh ho c n c c [H+] = 10-7 Trong dung d ch lun c [H+].[OH-]= 10-14 c trng cho [H+] trong dung d ch: [H+] = 10-a th a g i l pH c a dung d ch gip cc b n c thm nh ng k nng lm bi

t p hi u qu em a ra m t s ki n th c v bi t p v pH. Chc cc b n h c sinh h c t p t t.

- N c nguyn ch t:

II. pH c a dung d ch - pH l i l ng Vi t [H+] = 10-a thi pH = a Bi u th c tnh pH: pH = - lg[H+]

Bi vi t c ng trn t p ch ha h c v ng d ng - N c v dung d ch trung tnh c pH = 7 do [H+] = 10-7 - Dung d ch axit c pH < 7 - Dung d ch baz c pH>7 Ch : - pH ch xc nh v i dung d ch long c gi tr t 0 nh b ng my o pH, gi y, ch t ch th n 14 g i l thang pH

- pH c th xc

+ Qu tm chuy n xanh khi pH >8 + Qu tm chuy n khi pH <5 khng mu sang mu hoongfkhi pH<8: thnh mu khi pH 10 nh c pH t 0 -14 tm khi

+ Phenolphtalein chuy n t 8 pH 10; chuy n sang mu + gi y o pH c th xc xc A. M t s v d :

VD1: Ha tan 4,48l HCl( ktc) vo n c c 2l dung d ch a.Tnh pH c a dung d ch A. C n pha long dung d ch A bao nhiu l n L i gi i: Ta c : nHCl = 4, 48 = 0,2 mol 22, 4 c dung d ch c pH = 5.

L i c : HCl H+ +Cl-

nHCl = nH + = 0,2 mol [H+] =

0, 2 = 0,1 M 2

pH = -lg [H+] = 1
G i th tch dung d ch c pH = 1 l V1

n1 = 0,1 V1
G i th tch dung d ch c pH = 5 l V2

n2 = 10-5 V2
L i c : s mol H+ khng thay n1 = n2 i sau ph n ng nn:

0,1 V1 = 10-5 V2
V y ph i pha long 104 l n

V1 = 104 V2

Bi vi t c ng trn t p ch ha h c v ng d ng

VD2: Dung d ch HCl c pH= 3 c n pha long dung d ch ny bao nhiu l n

c pH = 4

c dung d ch HCl

L i gi i:
V dung d ch HCl c pH = 3 [H+] = 10-3M G i V1; V2 l n l t l th tch dung d ch tr c v sau khi pha long Khi ta c: S mol H+ tr c khi pha long l: n1 = 10-3 V1 V sau pha long c dung d ch co pH = 4

S mol H+ sau khi pha long l: n2 = 10-4 V2

M s mol H+ khng thay i khi pha long nn

n1 = n2 10-3V1 = 10-4V2
V1 = 10 V2

V y c n pha long 10 l n

c dung d ch HCl c pH = 4

VD3: Cho dung d ch HCl co pH = 3. C n tr n dung d ch HCl v i dung d ch NaOH c pH = 13

theo t l nh th no a. pH = 5 b. pH = 7 c. pH = 8

c dung d ch c cc gi tr pH sau:

L i gi i:
G i V1, V2 l n l t l th tch dung d ch HCl v NaOH c n dng. Khi : Dung d ch HCl c pH = 3 nn [H+] = 10-3M n1 = 10-3 V1 Dung d ch NaOH c pH = 13 nn [H+] = 10-13M [OH-] = 0,1M

n2 = 10-1 V2
Khi tr n dung d ch NaOH v HCl x y ra ph n ng: H+ + OH- H2O a. dung d ch thu c c pH = 5 axit ph i d

[H+] = 10-5M
Th tch dung d ch sau khi tr n l V = V1 +V2

Bi vi t c ng trn t p ch ha h c v ng d ng

nH + = 10-5 ( V1 + V2)
pu L i c: nH + = nOH = 0,1 V2 du nH + = 10-3 V1 - 10-1 V2

10-5 ( V1 + V2) = 10-3 V1 - 10-1 V2=

V1 = 993 V2

V y

c dung d ch c pH = 5 th ph i pha cc dung d ch theo t l th tch l 993 :1

Tng t v i hai ph n cn l i

K t qu :
b. C n tr n theo th tch l 100:1 c. C n tr n theo th tch l 98999:1

VD4: Cho 2dung d ch: X l dung d ch HCl, Y l dung d ch NaOH.

L y 10ml dung d ch X pha long b ng n c thu c 1000ml dung d ch HCl co pH = 2. trung ha 100g dung d ch y c n 150ml dung d ch X. Tnh C c a dung d ch Y,

L i gi i:
Ta c: HCl H+ +Cl[H+] = 10-2M Trong 150ml dung dichj co soos mol H+ l:
nH + = 0,01.

150 = 0,15 mol 10

Khi tr n 2dung d ch x y ra ph n ng: NaOH + HCl NaCl + H2O Theo ptpu: nH + = nOH = 0,15 mol L i c : nNaOH = nOH = 0,15 mol

mNaOH = 0,15 . 40 = 6g C%NaOH =

6 , 100% = 6% 100

Bi vi t c ng trn t p ch ha h c v ng d ng

Bi t p t luy n: BT1: Tnh th tch dung d ch KOH 0,001M c n pha long v i n c

c dung d ch c pH = 9
S : pha long 103 l n

BT2: Tnh pH c a dung d ch thu c khi cho 1l dung d ch H2SO4 0,005M tc d ng v i 4l dung
d ch NaOH 0,005M S: pH = 12

BT3: Tr n 250ml dung d ch h n h p g m HCl 0,08M v H2SO4 0,01M v i 250ml dung d ch

NaOH aM c 500ml dung d ch c pH= 12. Tnh a S : 0,12M

BT4: Tr n 250ml dung dich h n h p g m HCl 0,08M v H2SO4 0,01M v i 250ml dung d ch
Ba(OH)2 aM th c m(g) k t t a v dung d ch c pH = 12. Tnh m v a S: a = 0,6M ; m= 1,165g

Ban bin t p chn thnh cm n b n Tr n Thu Trang g i bi cho chng ti