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BI TP PHC CHT 1. Gi tn cc phc sau: [FeCl2(H2O)4]+ [Pt(NH3)2Cl2] [CrCl4(H2O)2][Co(NH3)5Br]SO4 [Pt(py)4][PtCl4] K2[NiF6] K3[Fe(CN)5CO] Cs[TeF5] K4[Fe(CN)6] Fe(acac)3 : Ioniclorotetraaquast(III) : icloroiamminplatin(II) : Ioniaquatetraclorocromat(III) : Bromopentaammincoban(III) Sunfat : Tetrakis-(Priin)platin(II) Tetracloroplatinat(II) : Kali hexafloronikentat(IV) : Kali cacbonylpentaxyanoferat(II) : Xesi pentafloroteluat(III) : Kali hexaxyanoferat(II) : Tris-(acetonacetyl)St(0)
2. Vit cng thc ca cc phc sau: Diclorobis(etylendiamin)coban(II) monohydrat Hexacacbonylcrom(0) Ion diclorocuprat(II) Sulfatopentaammincoban(III) bromua : [CoCl2(En)2]OH : [Cr(CO)6] : [Cu(Cl)2]: [Co(SO4)(NH3)5]Br
Tetraammindinitrocrom(III) diammintetranitrocromat(II) : [Cr(NH3)4(NO2)2][Cr(NH3)3(NO2)4] 3. Gi tn cc phc cht sau: K[Ag(CN)2] [CoCl2(En)2]Cl2 K2[HgI4] [Ag(NH3)2]4[Fe(CN)6] [Pt(NH3)4Cl2][PtCl4] : Diclorotetraamminplatin(III) Hexacloroplatinnat(III) Al[AuCl4]3 [Ni(H2O)(C2O4)] K3[Co(CrO4)3] [Ni(NH3)6]3[Co(NO2)6]2 [CrCl2(En)2]Cl2 4. Gi tn cc phc cht sau: [Pt(NH3)3Br]NO2 : MonobromotriamminPlatin(II) Nitrat : Nhm TetracloroAumat(III) : Monooxalatoaquaniken(0) : Kali TetracromatoCoban(III) : HexaamminNiken(II) HexanitritoCobantat(III) : Dicloro-bis-(Etylendiamin)Crom(IV) clorua :Kali dixyanoargentiumat : icloro-bis-(Etylendiamin)coban(IV) clorua : Kali Tetraiodohydrargyrumat : iamminBc(I) Hexaxyanolferat(II)
[Co(CN)2(En)2]ClO3 [Co(NH3)5CO3]2[CuCl4]
: Dixyano-bis-(Etylendiamin)Coban(II) Chlorate :
PentaamminmonocacbonatoCoban(II) Tetraclorocuprat(II) K3[FeCO(CN)5] [Pt(NH3)2(C2O4)] Na[Au(CN)2] [CoNH3Cl(En)2]SO4 : Kali pentaxyanomonocacbonylferat(II) : Diamminmonooxalatoplatin(0) : Natri dixyanoaumat(I) :
nng dung dch PtCl2 vi Trietyl photpho P(C2H5)3 v y l mt phi t ca Pt. Hai hp cht ny c cng mt gi tr phn tch: Pt 38,8%; Cl 14,1%; C 28,7%; P 12,4% v H 6,02%. Hy vit cng thc, cu trc v gi tn h thng ca 2 ng phn trn. Bi lm:
HexahidratCrom(III) Clorua(CrCl3.6H2O) cn 75 ml dung dicjh2N nitrat bc. Trn c s hy vit cng thc phn t ca phc cht trn. Bi lm:
8. 1. Hy v cng thc mt phng Lewis ca cc anion: NO2-, NO3-, SO32-.
2. Da trn cng thc Lewis trn, hy gii thch cc lin kt c th c vi ion trung tm ca cc phi t ny. Bi lm:
9. Hy m t cc dng ng phn c th c ca phc: [Cr(En)2(NCS)2]SCN.
Bi lm:
10. Dung dch phc FeSCN2+ c nng 10-1 M v s c mu nu t nng ln
+ SCN+ 2H2O
K= 103,03 K= 10-2.17
ca Co(NH3)3(NO2)3. Bi lm:
12. Hy so snh kh nng ha tan ca AgCl trong nc v trong dung dch NH3
1M. Cho bit tch s tan ca AgCl l TAgCl = 1,8.10-10 v hng s bn tng hp ca phc [Ag(NH3)2]+ bng 108. Bi lm:
tch
spin cao v spin thp. Phc no bn hn? Gii thch. Bi lm: Theo bi ta c: 0 < P Cr2+ c cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng l :3d4 + i vi phc spin cao th theo thuyt trng tinh th th phc c dng:teg3eg1(1) + i vi phc spin thp th theo thuyt trng tinh th th phc c dng:teg4eg0(2) Tnh nng lng n nh trng tinh th: E1= 3. 0 + 0 = 0 E2= 4. 0 = 0 Vy phc c spin cao c nng lng n nh trng tinh th ln hn nn bn hn phc c spin thp.
15. Nng lng tch mc ca phc Ti(H2O)63+ l 57,2 kcal.mol-1. Hy tnh bc
sng ca s hp th nh sang kch thch electron ca Ti3+ t mc t2g ln mc eg. Cho h= 6,62.10-34 J.s v c= 3.108m.s-1.6.625.10-3.3.108.6.023.1023 Bi lm:
16. Cho hai phc Fe(CN)64- v Fe(H2O)62+ u khng mu trong dung dch long.
2. C 2 phc u khng c mu mc d chng u c tr s ca nng lng tch v: + ion phc Fe(CN)64- th cn 2 AO trng phn lp 3d nhng cc electron ghp i khng th nhy qua cc AO trng nn dung dch ion phc khng c mu.
+ ion phc Fe(H2O)62+ khng cn cc AO trng phn lp 3d nn cc electron khng c cc bc nhy qua li gia cc AO nn lm cho dung dch ion phc khng c mu.
17. Da vo thuyt Vb v thuyt trng tinh th, hy gii thch ti sao ion
Co(NH3)63+ l phc spin thp, nghch t nhng ion CoF63- li l phc spin cao, thun t. Bi lm:
-
Nn di tc dng ca t trng lm cho cc electron c thn ca phn lp 3d ghp i vi nhau lm cho cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng ca Co3+ khng cn electron c thn: Phc Co(NH3)63+ c spin = 0 v c tnh nghch t.
F- l phi t trng yu nn lc t ca F- khng lm thay i cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng ca Co3+ : ion CoF63- c spin=1 v c tnh thun t.
t v nghch t. Bi lm:
Rh2+ trong trng bt din trong trng hp nng lng tch lng ghp i P?
ln hn nng
theo
v P)
Bi lm:
20. Hy v s tch ocbitan, xc nh phc spin thp hay cao, d on s
trong phc [Ni(CN)4]2- vi th nghim momen t ca n bng 0. Bi lm: 22. Dng thuyt lin kt ha tr, hy gii thch bng in vo bng di y, vi: 1. Cu hnh in t ca ion trung tm ( Dng lai ha g?) 2. Dng hnh hc ca phc 3. C t tnh hay khng Bi lm: Phc cht [Ag(CN)2][Cu(CN)4]2[Ni(CN)4]2[Fe(CN)6]31 2 3
[ZnCN)4]2-
23. Dng thuyt lin kt ha tr, hy gii thch ti sao tt c cc phc bt din ca Ni(II) u l phc lai ha ngoi. Bi lm: Ni2+ : 4s03d8 3d
4s
4p
4d
Dng lai ha: sp3d2 i vi phc bt din th Ni(II) ch c dng lai ha ngoi(lai ha dng sp3d2 ).
24. Cc phc [Cu(NH3)6]2+ , [Cu(En)3]2+ c s sng ca vch hp ph ln lt l
15000 cm-1 , 16400 cm-1. Hy tm bc sng ca sng hp ph v so snh nng lng tch ca cc phc trn. Cho nhn xt v cc phi t. Bi lm:
25. Gii thch s khc nhau v cu trc t din ca phc Co(II) v Ni(II). Cu trc no b hn. Bi lm:
26. 1. Trng hp no c nng lng tch
trng tinh th bng 0. C phi khi no nng lng n nh trng tinh th bng 0 th nng lng tch ha. bng 0 hay khng? Gii thch v cho v d minh
10
2. Gii thch ti sao thuyt trng tinh th khng p dng i vi phc ca kim loi thuc phn nhm chnh.
3. Cho cc ion d5, d6, d7, d8, d9, d10. Ion dn no s c nng lng n nh
trng tinh th nh nht ( Nng nh trng tinh th bng 0) trong trng hp nng lng tch ln hn nng lng ghp i P. Gii thch.
28. Gii thch ti sao Pt(II) v Pd(II) lun to phc vung phng nhng ch c mt s phc ca Ni(II) l vung phng? Bi lm: - Pt(II) v Pd(II) ch to phc vi phi t trng mnh nn dng lai ha ca chng l dsp2 nn dng hnh hc ca chng l dng vung phng. - Ni(II) to phc vi phi t trng yu v 1 s phi t trng mnh nh NH3 ; En; CN- nn dng lai ha ch yu ca chng l sp3 nn dng hnh hc ch yu ca phc l dng t din.
vung phng trong 2 trng hp: trng mnh v trng yu. Bi lm:
-
Trng hp trng mnh: Cu hnh electron ca phc cht l t2g8eg0. Vy Nng lng n nh trng tinh th E = 8. 0 +0. 0 = 0
Trng hp trng yu: Cu hnh electron ca phc cht l t2g5eg3. Vy nng lng n nh trng tinh th ca phc E2 = 5 0 +3 0 = 0
30. Ti sao phc ca Cu(II) c mu nhng phc Cu(I) li khng c mu? Bi lm:
31. Vit cu trc lp th v cho bit cc dng ng phn c th c ca ion phc:
[Co(NH3)2(En)2]+.
32. Hiu s ca 2 mc nng lng t2g v eg ca ocbitan nguyn t trong trng
hp tinh th bt din hoc t din ph thuc vo ion trung tm v c phi t to nn phc. 1. Ion kim loi no sau y c th cho gi tr ln nht: 1.1 Rh3+ 1.2 Cr3+ 1.3 Fe3+ 1.4 Co2+ 1.5 Mn2+
2. Phi t no sau y c th cho gi tr
0
ln nht:
2.5 F-
12 1. Ion kim loi no sau y c th cho gi tr ln nht: Co2+ 2. Phi t no sau y c th cho gi tr
0
ln nht: CN-
33. Hy v s cu hnh electron ca kim loi trung tm i vi mi ion sau y theo quan im ca thuyt trng tinh th:
1. [Pt(NH3)4]2+ 2. [Cu(NH3)4]2+ 3. [Cr(NH3)6]3+
Bi lm: V phi t NH3 l phi t trng mnh nn cc phc trn c spin thp
1. Phc [Pt(NH3)4]2+:Pt2+ c cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng l :5d8
) ca ion
Ni(II), Zn(II) trong trng vung phng, trng t din, trng bt din. Bi lm: Trong trng vung phng: Phc spin cao
+ Ion Zn(II): 3d10: Cu hnh electron ca phc cht: t2g6eg4: E= = 8. 0 +4. 0 = 0 Trong trng t din: Phc spin thp
Trong trng bt din: + Ion Ni(II): 3d8: Cu hnh electron ca phc cht: t2g6eg2: E= = 8. 0 +2. 0 = 0
trong phc [Ni(CN)4]2- vi tr thc nghim momen t ca n bng 0. Bi lm: Cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng ca ion Ni2+ : 3d8
-
Vi momen t = 0 nn s electron ca phc = 0. Vy cu hnh electron ca phc cht l t2g6eg2. Nng lng n nh trng tinh th E = 6. 0 +2. 0 = 0
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