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com
1
PT-BPT M LGARIT TRONG THI I HC T NM 2002-2011
***

1. H-D-2011 Gii phng trnh
( ) ( )
2
2 1
2
log 8 log 1 1 2 0( ) x x x x R + + + = e
2. H-B-2010. Gii h phng trnh
( )
2
2
log (3 1)
,
4 2 3
x x
y x
x y R
y
=

+ =

3. H-D-2010 Gii phng trnh
( )
3 3
2 2 2 4 4
4 2 4 2
x x x x x x x
x R
+ + + + +
+ = + e
4. H-D-2010 Gii h phng trnh
2
2
2
4 2 0
( , )
2log ( 2) log 0
x x y
x y R
x y

+ + =

5. H-A-2009. Gii h phng trnh:
2 2
2 2
2 2
log ( ) 1 log ( )
3 81
x y xy
x y xy
+
+ = +

6. *C-2009. Cho 0<a<b<1. Chng minh BT:
2 2
ln ln ln ln a b b a a b >
7. H-A-2008. Gii phng trnh:
2 2
2 1 1
log (2 1) log (2 1) 4
x x
x x x
+
+ + =
8. H-B- 08 Gii bt phng trnh:
2
0,7 6
log log 0
4
x x
x
| | +
<
|
+
\ .

9. H-B-08 Gii bt phng trnh:
2
1
2
3 2
0
x x
x
+
> log
10. H-A-07 Gii bt phng trnh:
3 1
3
2log (4 3) log (2 3) 2 x x + + s

11. *H-B-07 Gii phng trnh:
( ) ( )
2 1 2 1 2 2 0
x x
+ + =

12. *H-D-07 Gii phng trnh:
2 2
1
log (4 15.2 27) log 0
4.2 3
x x
x
+ + + =

13. *Tham kho 2007. Gii BPT:
( )
2
4 2
log 8 log log 2 0
x
x x + >

14. *Tham kho 2007. Gii PT:
4 2
2 1
1 1
log ( 1) log 2
log 4 2
x
x x
+
+ = + + .
15. Tham kho 2007. Gii PT:
2
3
3
log ( 1) log (2 1) 2 x x + =
16. *Tham kho 2007. Gii PT:
3 9
3
4
(2 log )log 3 1
1 log
x
x
x
=

17. Tham kho 2007. Gii BPT: ( )
2
1
1 log
2
1
1 3 2 log
2
2
2
2
1
> + + x x x
18. Tham kho 2007. Gii BPT:
3x 1 2x x
2 7.2 7.2 2 0
+
+ =
19. *H-A-2006 Gii phng trnh3.8 4.12 18 2.27 0
x x x x
+ =
20. Tham kho 2006 Gii PT
2
2
log 2 2log 4 log 8
x x
x
+ =

21. H-B-2006 Gii BPT
( ) ( )
x x 2
5 5 5
log 4 144 4log 2 1 log 2 1

+ < + +
22. Tham kho 2006
3
1 8
2
2
log 1 log (3 ) log ( 1) 0 x x x + =
23. *Tham kho 2006
1 2
2 2
9 10.3 1 0
x x x x + +
+ =
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24. H-D-2006 CM vi mi a>0 h sau c nghim duy nht
ln(1 ) ln(1 )
x y
e e x y
y x a

= + +

25. H-D-2006 Gii PT
2 2
2
2 4.2 2 4 0
x x x x x +
+ =
26. Tham kho 2006 Gii PT
( ) ( )
x x 1
3 3
log 3 1 log 3 3 6
+
=
27. ***Tham kho 2006 Gii HPT
2 2
ln(1 ) ln(1 )
12 20 0.
x y x y
x xy y
+ + =

+ =

28. Tham kho 2006 Gii
( )
2 4 2
1
2 log x 1 log x log 0
4
+ + =

29. *H-B-2005 Gii h
x y
log ( x ) log y .
2 3
9 3
1 2 1
3 9 3

+ =

30. ***H-D-2005 CMR
12 15 20
3 4 5
5 4 3
x x x
x x x
| | | | | |
+ + > + +
| | |
\ . \ . \ .

31. Tham kho-2005 Gii
x x
x x

| |
s
|
\ .
2
2
2
2
1
9 2 3
3

32. ***Tham kho-2005 Cho x +y +z = 0. CMR:
x y z
. 2 4 2 4 2 4 3 3 + + + + + >
33. H-A-2004 Gii HPT:
log (y x) log
y
x y
1 4
4
2 2
1
1
25

+ =

34. Tham kho-2004 Gii BPT
( )
log log x x x .
2
2
4
2 0

(
+ <
(


35. Tham kho-2004 Gii BPT:
2 2
1 3
log log
2 2
2. 2
x x
x >
36. ***Tham kho-2004 CMR phng trnh sau c nghim duy nht ( )
1
1 ( 0)
x
x
x x x
+
= + >
37. H-B-2004 Tm GTNN ca hm s:
ln x
y
x
( = e

2
3
x 1;e
38. ***Tham kho 2004 Gii BPT: 4
2
11 6 2
1
>

x
x
x

39. ***Tham kho 2004
Cho hm s
2
sin
2
x
x
y e x = + Tm GTNN ca hm s v CMR f(x)=3 c ng 2 nghim.
40. *Tham kho 2004 Gii BPT
3 x
log x log 3 >
41. ***Tham kho 2004 Gii HPT

=
+ = +
+
. y x
x y y x
x y x 1
2 2
2 2

42. Tham kho 2003 Gii BPT
1 1
15.2 1 2 1 2
x x x + +
+ > +
43. Tham kho 2003 Tm m PT c nghim thuc (0;1):
( ) 0 4
2
1
2
2
= + m x x log log

44. H-D-2003 Gii PT:
2
2 2
2 2 3
x x x x +
=
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45. Tham kho 2003 Gii PT:
( )
x
5
log 5 4 1 x =
46. H-A-2002 Cho PT 0 1 2 1
2
3
2
3
= + + m x x log log
1) Gii PT khi m=2
2) Tm m PT c nghim trn [1 ; 3
3
]
47. Tham kho 2002 Gii PT
2
2
3
27
16log 3log 0
x
x
x x =
48. Tham kho 2002 Tm k h BPT sau c nghim:
( )

s +
<
1 1
3
1
2
1
0 3 1
3
2
2
2
3
x x
k x x
log log

49. H-B-2002 Gii BPT
( ) ( ) 3
log log 9 72 1
x
x
s
50. Tham kho 2002 Gii HPT
4 2
4 3 0
log log 0
x y
x y
+ =

51. Tham kho 2002 Tm m PT sau c nghim:
( )
2
1 1 1 1
2
9 2 3 2 1 0
x x
a a
+ +
+ + + =
52. Tham kho 2002 Gii PT:
( ) ( ) ( )
8
4 2
2
1 1
log 3 log 1 log 4
2 4
x x x + + =

53. H-D-2002 Gii HPT
3 2
1
2 5 4
4 2
2 2
x
x x
x
y y
y
+
=

+
=

+

54. Tham kho 2002 Gii PT :
( )
( )
3 2
3 2
log 2 3 5 3
log 2 3 5 3
x
y
x x x y
y y y x

+ =

+ =

55. Tham kho 2002 Gii BPT
( ) ( ). 2 . 3 2 log 4 4 log
2 1 2
2
1
2
1
> +
+ x x



PT-BPT M LGARIT
***

1.
2.
3. H-A-2009. Gii h phng trnh:
2 2
2 2
2 2
log ( ) 1 log ( )
3 81
x y xy
x y xy
+
+ = +

HD: HPT tng ng
2 2
2 2
0
2
4
xy
x y xy
x y xy
>

+ =

+ =

2 2
0
4
xy
x y
x y xy
>

+ =

2 2
2 2
x x
y y
= =
v

= =


4. *C-2009. Cho 0<a<b<1. Chng minh BT:
2 2
ln ln ln ln a b b a a b >
HD: a BT v dng tng ng
2 2
(1 ) ln ln (1 ) a b a b + > +
2 2
ln ln
1 1
a b
a b
<
+ +

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4
Xt hm s
2
ln
( )
1
x
f x
x
=
+
vi 0<x<1
( )
2
2
2
1 (1 2ln )
( ) 0
1
x x
f x
x x
+
' = >
+
v lnx<0 v 0<x<1
Suy ra f(x) ng bin trn (0;1) M 0<a<b<1 nn f(a)<f(b). Bi ton c chng minh.
5. H-A-2008. Gii phng trnh:
2 2
2 1 1
log (2 1) log (2 1) 4
x x
x x x
+
+ + =
HD: Vi iu kin
1
2
x > , PT tng ng:
2 1 1
log (2 1)( 1) 2log (2 1) 4
x x
x x x
+
+ + =
2 1 1
log ( 1) 2log (2 1) 3
x x
x x
+
+ + =
t
2 1
log ( 1)
x
t x

= + ta c:
2
3 t
t
+ =
1
2
t
t
=

Vi t=1 ta c:
2 1
log ( 1) 1 1 2 1 2
x
x x x x

+ = + = = tha K
1
2
x >
Vi t=2 ta c:
2
2 1
log ( 1) 2 1 (2 1)
x
x x x

+ = + =
2
4 5 0 x x =
0
5
4
x
x
=

Do K ta ch nhn
5
4
x = . S: x=2,
5
4
x =

6. H-B- 08 Gii bt phng trnh:
2
0,7 6
log log 0
4
x x
x
| | +
<
|
+
\ .

HD:
2
2 6
0,7 6
2
6
log 0
4
log log 0
4
log 1
4
x x
x x
x
x
x x
x
+
>

| | + +
<
|
+
+
\ .

>

+

2
2
6
2
0
4
log 1
4
6
4
x x
x x
x
x
x x
x
+
>

+ +
>

+
+

>

+
2
6
4
x x
x
+
>
+

4 3 8 x x < < v >
7. H-B-08 Gii bt phng trnh:
2
1
2
3 2
0
x x
x
+
> log
HD:
2
1
2
3 2
0
x x
x
+
> log
2
2
3 2
0
3 2
1
x x
x
x x
x
+
>

2
0 1 2
4 2
0
x x
x x
x
< < v >

+
s

2
0 1 2
4 2
0
x x
x x
x
< < v >

+
s

( )
( )
0 1 2
0 2 2 2 2
x x
x x
< < v >

< v s s +

( ) ( )
2 2 1 2 2 2 x x s < v < s +
8. H-A-07 Gii bt phng trnh:
3 1
3
2log (4 3) log (2 3) 2 x x + + s

HD: BPT tng ng
2
3 3
3
4
log (4 3) log (2 3) 2
x
x x

>

+ s

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5
2
3
3
4
(4 3)
log 2
2 3
x
x
x

>

+
2
3
4
(4 3)
9
2 3
x
x
x

>

+

2
3
4
8 21 9 0
x
x x

>

3
4
3
3
8
x
x

>

s s

3
3
4
x < s

9. *H-B-07 Gii phng trnh:
( ) ( )
2 1 2 1 2 2 0
x x
+ + =

HD: t
( )
2 1
x
t = + ta c PT:
1
2 2 t
t
+ =
2
2 2 1 0 t t + = 2 1 2 1 t t = v = + 1 1 x x = v =
10. *H-D-07 Gii phng trnh:
2 2
1
log (4 15.2 27) log 0
4.2 3
x x
x
+ + + =

HD: t t=2
x
, t>0 ta c:
2
2 2
1
log ( 15 27) log 0
4 3
t t
t
+ + + =

2
4
3
15 27 4 3
t
t t t

>

+ + =

2
4
3
11 30 0
t
t t

>

+ + =

Phng trnh v nghim t nn phng trnh cho v nghim x


11. *Tham kho 2007. Gii BPT:
( )
2
4 2
log 8 log log 2 0
x
x x + >

HD: K: x>0, x1
a v
2 2
1 1
3log 2 log log
2 2
x
x x + = +
2
6
2 1 ( log ) t t t x
t
+ = + =
2
6 0 t t + = 3 2 t t = v =
1
8
4
x t = v =
12. *Tham kho 2007. Gii PT:
4 2
2 1
1 1
log ( 1) log 2
log 4 2
x
x x
+
+ = + + .
HD: K: x>1 a v
2 2
2 1
1 1 1 1
log ( 1) log ( 2)
2 2log 2 2 2
x
x x
+
+ = + +
2 2 2
log ( 1) log (2 1) 1 log ( 2) x x x + + = + +
2 2
log ( 1)(2 1) log 2( 2) x x x + = +
2
2 3 5 0 x x =
5
1
2
x x = v = Do K, ch nhn nghim
5
2
x =
13. Tham kho 2007. Gii PT:
2
3
3
log ( 1) log (2 1) 2 x x + =
HD: K x>1
a v
3 3
2log ( 1) 2log (2 1) 2 x x + =
3
log ( 1)(2 1) 1 x x = ( 1)(2 1) 3 x x =
2
2 3 2 0 x x =
1
2
2
x x = v =
.
Do K ch nhn x=2
14. *Tham kho 2007. Gii PT:
3 9
3
4
(2 log )log 3 1
1 log
x
x
x
=

HD: K x>0, x
1
9

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6
a v
3
3 3
1 4
(2 log ) 1
log 9 1 log
x
x x
=

3
3 3
2 log 4
1
2 log 1 log
x
x x

=
+

3
2 4
1 ( log )
2 1
t
t x
t t

= =
+
(2 )(1 ) 4(2 ) (2 )(1 ) t t t t t = +
2
4 0 t t + =
1 17 1 17
2 2
t t
+
= v =
Do K ch nhn
1 17
2
t
+
=

15. Tham kho 2007. Gii BPT: ( )
2
1
1 log
2
1
1 3 2 log
2
2
2
2
1
> + + x x x
HD: K
1
1
2
x x < v >
a v ( )
2
2 2
1 1 1
log ( 1)(2 1) log 1
2 2 2
x x x + >
( )
2
2
1
log 1
( 1)(2 1)
x
x x

>

( )
2
1
2
( 1)(2 1)
x
x x

>


2
3 4 1
0
( 1)(2 1)
x x
x x
+
>

( 1)( 3 1)
0
( 1)(2 1)
x x
x x
+
>

3 1
0
2 1
x
x
+
>

1 1
3 2
x s <
Kt hp K:
1
1
2
1 1
3 2
x x
x

< v >

s <

1 1
3 2
x s <

16. Tham kho 2007. Gii BPT:
3x 1 2x x
2 7.2 7.2 2 0
+
+ =
HD:
3 2
2 7 7 2 0 ( 2 , 0)
x
t t t t t + = = >
2
( 1)(2 5 2) 0 t t t + =
1
1 2
2
t t t = v = v = 0 1 1 x x x = v = v =
17. *H-A-2006 Gii phng trnh3.8 4.12 18 2.27 0
x x x x
+ =
HD:
3 2 2 3
3.2 4.3 2 3 2 2.3 0
x x x x x x
+ =
Chia 2 v ca PT cho 3
3x
ta c:
3 2
2 2 2
3. 4 2 0
3 3 3
x x x
| | | | | |
+ =
| | |
\ . \ . \ .

t
2
3
x
t
| |
=
|
\ .
, t>0 ta c:
3 2
3 4 2 0 t t t + =
2
1
3
t t = v =
Do K ta ch nhn
2
3
t = x=1
18. Tham kho 2006 Gii PT:
2
2
log 2 2log 4 log 8
x x
x
+ =

HD: K x>0, x1, x
1
2
. PT tng ng vi:
2 4 8
1 2 1
log log 2 log 2 x x x
+ =

2 2 2
1 4 6
log 1 log 1 log x x x
+ =
+ +
2 2
1 2
log 1 log x x
=
+
2 2
1 log 2log x x + =
2
2x x = 2 x =
19. H-B-2006 Gii BPT:
( ) ( )
x x 2
5 5 5
log 4 144 4log 2 1 log 2 1

+ < + +
HD: Bin i BPT
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7
( )
x
x 2
5 5
4 144
log log 5.2 5
16

| | +
< +
|
\ .

x
x 2
4 144
5.2 5
16

+
< +
x x
4 -20.2 64 0 + <
2
t -20.t 64 0(t=2 0)
x
+ < > ( 4)( 16) 0 t t < 4 16 t < < 2 4 x < <


20. Tham kho 2006:
3
1 8
2
2
log 1 log (3 ) log ( 1) 0 x x x + =
HD: K 1<x<3. Bin i PT
2 2 2
log ( 1) log (3 ) log ( 1) 0 x x x + + =
2
( 1)(3 )
log 0
1
x x
x
+
=

( 1)(3 )
1
1
x x
x
+
=

2
4 0 x x =
1 17 1 17
2 2
x x
+
= v = Do K ch nhn
1 17
2
x
+
=
21. *Tham kho 2006:
1 2
2 2
9 10.3 1 0
x x x x + +
+ =
HD:
2 2 1 10
9 .3 1 0
9 9
x x x x + +
+ = . t
2
3 , 0
x x
t t
+
= >
Ta c
2
10 9 0 t t + = 1 9 t t = v =
2 2
0 2 0 x x x x + = v + = 2 1 0 1 x x x x = v = v = v =
22. ***H-D-2006 CM vi mi a>0 h sau c nghim duy nht:
ln(1 ) ln(1 )
x y
e e x y
y x a

= + +

HD: Bin i
ln(1 ) ln(1 ) 0
x a x
e e x a x
y x a
+

+ + + + =

= +

Xt hm s
( ) ln(1 ) ln(1 ), 1
x a x
f x e e x a x x
+
= + + + + >
( ) ( 1) 0
(1 )(1 )
x a
a
f x e e
x x a
' = + >
+ + +
(v a>0 v x>1)

1
lim ( ) , lim ( )
x
t
f x f x
+

+
= + = , f(x) lin tc trn ( 1; ) + . T hai kt qu trn, f(x)=0 c nghim x
0

trn ( 1; ) +
Do ( ) 0, 1 f x x ' > > nn f(x)=0 c khng qu 1 nghim
Kt lun f(x)=0 c nghim duy nht x
0
v HPT c nghim duy nht.(x=x
0
;y=x
0
+a)

23. H-D-2006 Gii PT:
2 2
2
2 4.2 2 4 0
x x x x x +
+ =
HD: t
2
2
2
2
x x
x x
u
v
+

Suy ra
2
. 2
x
u v = (u>0,v>0)
Phng trnh thnh:
u 4v uv 4 0 + = u(1-v)+4(1-v)=0 (u+4)(1-v)=0 v=1
2
x 0 x = x 0 1 x = v =
24. Tham kho 2006 Gii PT:
( ) ( )
x x 1
3 3
log 3 1 log 3 3 6
+
=
HD: a v:
( ) ( )
x x
3 3
log 3 1 log 3(3 1) 6 =
( ) ( )
x x
3 3
log 3 1 1+log 3 1 6
(
=


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8
( ) ( )
x
3
(1 ) 6 log 3 1 t t t + = =
2
6 0 t t + = 2 3 t t = v =
( ) ( )
3 3
log 3 1 2 log 3 1 3
x x
= v =
1
3 1 9 3 1
27
x x
= v =
28
3 10 3
27
x x
= v =
3 3
28
log 10 log
27
x x = v =
25. ***Tham kho 2006 Gii HPT:
2 2
ln(1 ) ln(1 )
12 20 0.
x y x y
x xy y
+ + =

+ =

HD:
Xt PT th nht ln(1+x)-x=ln(1+y)y
t f(t)=ln(1+t)t (t>1)
1
( ) 1
1 1
t
f t
t t

' = =
+ +

Nu 1<t<0 th f(t)>0, Nu t>0 th f(t)<0
PT thnh f(x)=f(y)
Xt x
2
12xy+20y
2
=0 x=10y V x=2y
Nu y=0 th x=0 tha h PT
Nu y>0 th x=10y hay x=2y u cho x>0, y>0
Nu 1<y<0 th x=10y hay x=2y u cho x<0, y<0
Vy y>1 (y0) th x,y cng du v tnh cht n iu ca hm s trn cc khong ( ) 1; 0 , (0; ) + lm cho
PT u thnh f(x)=f(y) x=y
H cho thnh
1, 0
10 2
y y
x y x y
x y
> =

= v =

v nghim
Kt lun: h c nghim (x=0;y=0)
26. Tham kho 2006 Gii:
( )
2 4 2
1
2 log x 1 log x log 0
4
+ + =

HD: a v
( )
2 2
log x 1 log x 2 0 + = .
t t=log
2
x
2
t +t 2 0 = t=1 t= 2 v
1
x=2 x=
4
v

27. *H-B-2005 Gii h:
x y
log ( x ) log y .
2 3
9 3
1 2 1
3 9 3

+ =

HD: Vi iu kin x1, 0<y2 ta c h tng ng
x y
log ( x) log y

+ =

3 3
1 2 1
3 1
x y
x
log
y

+ =

| |
=
|
\ .
3
1 2 1
3
1
x y
x y

+ =

1 2 1
y x
x x
=

+ =

1 2 1

Xt x x + = 1 2 1 (112) ta c
x x x x + + = 1 2 2 1 2 1 x x = 1 2 0 x x = v = 1 2
Nghim ca h l
1 2
1 2
x x
y y
= =
v

= =


www.vnmath.com
9
28. ***H-D-2005 CMR:
12 15 20
3 4 5
5 4 3
x x x
x x x
| | | | | |
+ + > + +
| | |
\ . \ . \ .

HD: Dng BT Csi ta c:
12 15 12 15
2 2.3
5 4 5 4
x x x x
x
| | | | | | | |
+ > =
| | | |
\ . \ . \ . \ .

12 20 12 20
2 2.4
5 3 5 3
x x x x
x
| | | | | | | |
+ > =
| | | |
\ . \ . \ . \ .

15 20 15 20
2 2.5
4 3 4 3
x x x x
x
| | | | | | | |
+ > =
| | | |
\ . \ . \ . \ .

Suy ra
12 15 20
3 4 5
5 4 3
x x x
x x x
| | | | | |
+ + > + +
| | |
\ . \ . \ .

29. Tham kho-2005 Gii:
x x
x x

| |
s
|
\ .
2
2
2
2
1
9 2 3
3

HD: t
2
2
3 , 0
x x
t t

= > ta c t
2
2t30 1t3
BPT thnh
2
2 2
3 3 2 0
x x
x x

s s 0 2 x s s
30. ***Tham kho-2005 Cho x +y +z = 0. CMR:
x y z
. 2 4 2 4 2 4 3 3 + + + + + >
HD: Mt bi ton hay. D on x=y=z=0 th = xy ra. Ta dng BT Csi vi ch x=0 th 4
x
=1.
3
2 4 1 1 4 3 4
x x x
+ = + + >
3
2 4 32
x
x
+ >
Tng t vi y,z ta c:
x y z
x y z
| |
+ + + + + > + +
|
|
\ .
3 3 3
2 4 2 4 2 4 3 2 2 2
x y z + +
> =
3
3
3 3 2 3 3 (v x+y+z=0)

31. H-A-2004 Gii HPT:
log (y x) log
y
x y
1 4
4
2 2
1
1
25

+ =

HD:
log (y x) log
y
x y
1 4
4
2 2
1
1
25

+ =

log (y x) log y
x y
+ =

+ =

4 4
2 2
1
25
y , y x
y
log
y x
x y

> >

+ =

4
2 2
0
1
25
y , y x
y
y x
x y

> >

+ =

2 2
0
4
25
y , y x
x
y
x y
> >

+ =

2 2
0
4
3
25
y , y x
x
y
x
> >

2
0
4
3
9
y , y x y , y x
y y
x x
> > > >


= v =


= =

0 0
4 4
3 3
x
y
=

3
4


www.vnmath.com
10
32. Tham kho-2004 Gii BPT:
( )
log log x x x .
2
2
4
2 0

(
+ <
(


HD:
( )
log log x x x .
2
2
4
2 0

(
+ <
(

( )
( )
log x x x
log x x x

+ >

+ >

2
2
2
2
2 0
2 1
( )
log x x x + >
2
2
2 1
x x x
x x x

+ >

+ >

2
2
2 0
2 2
x x x + >
2
2 2 x x x >
2
2 2
x x
x x x x x x
< >
v

> > +

2 2 2
2 0 2 0
2 0 2 4 4
x x
x x x x
s >
v

s v > + >

2
2 2
0 2 3 4 0
x
x
x x
s
> v

< v >

2
2
4 1
( ) ( ) x x < v < 4 1
33. Tham kho-2004 Gii BPT:
2 2
1 3
log log
2 2
2. 2
x x
x >
HD:
2 2
1 3
log log
2 2
2. 2
x x
x >
2 2
1 3
log log
2 2
2 2
log 2. log 2
x x
x
| |
>
|
\ .
2 2
1 3
1 log log
2 2
x x + >
2
1 log x > 0 2 x < s
34. ***Tham kho-2004 CMR phng trnh sau c nghim duy nht: ( )
1
1 ( 0)
x
x
x x x
+
= + >
HD: ( )
1
1
x
x
x x
+
= + ( )
1
ln ln 1
x
x
x x
+
= + ( ) ( 1) ln ln 1 x x x x + = + ( 1) ln ln( 1) 0 x x x x + + =
t ( ) ( 1) ln ln( 1) f x x x x x = + +
1 1
( ) ln ln( 1)
1
f x x x
x x
' = + + +
+

2
2 2
1
( ) 0
( 1)
x x
f x
x x

'' = <
+
Suy ra f(x) nghch bin trn R
+

M:
1 1
lim ( ) lim ln 0
1 1
x x
x
f x
x x x
+ +
| |
' = + + =
|
+ +
\ .
f(x)>0 vi mi x>0 f(x) ng bin trn R
+

0
lim ( )
x
f x
+

= f(e)=e+1eln(e+1)>0
Vy c x
0
thuc (0;e) f(x
0
)=0 v x
0
l nghim duy nht.


35. H-B-2004 Tm GTNN ca hm s:
ln x
y
x
( = e

2
3
x 1;e
HD:
ln x
y f (x)
x
( = = e

2
3
x 1;e
ln x( ln x)
f (x)
x

' =
2
2
f (x) x x e ' = = v =
2
0 1
f(1)=0;
2
2
4
( ) f e
e
= ;
3
3
9
( ) f e
e
= GTNN l f(1)=0; GTLN l
2
2
4
( ) f e
e
=
36. ***Tham kho 2004 Gii BPT: 4
2
11 6 2
1
>

x
x
x

HD:
1
2 2 3
0
2
x
x
x

+
>

x<1 th
1
2 2 3 0
2 0
x
x
x

+ <

<

suy ra x<1 tha BPT

x=1 khng tha BPT
www.vnmath.com
11
1<x<2 th
1
2 2 3 0
2 0
x
x
x

+ >

<

suy ra 1<x<2 khng tha BPT

x>2 th
1
2 2 3 0
2 0
x
x
x

+ >

>

suy ra x>2 tha BPT

Kt lun: nghim l x<1, x>2
37. Tham kho 2004 Cho hm s
2
sin
2
x
x
y e x = +
Tm GTNN ca hm s v CMR f(x)=3 c ng 2 nghim.
HD:
2
( ) sin
2
x
x
y f x e x = = + ( ) cos
x
f x e x x ' = + ( ) sin 1 0
x
f x e x '' = + + >
Suy ra f(x) ng bin trn R, f(0)=0
Suy ra f(x)>0 khi x>0 v f(x)<0 khi x<0
Suy ra f(x) ng bin khi x>0 v nghch bin khi x<0
GTNN l f(0)=1

2 2
( ) 1 1 sin 1
2 2
x x
x x
y f x e x e = = + + > +
M
2
lim 1
2
x
x
x
e
+
| |
+ = +
|
\ .
( ) lim
x
f x
+
= +
V
2
lim 1
2
x
x
x
e

| |
+ = +
|
\ .
( ) lim
x
f x

= +
Bng bin thin hm s cho ta f(x)=3 c ng 2 nghim phn bit.
38. *Tham kho 2004 Gii BPT
3 x
log x log 3 >
HD: a v
3
0, 1
log
1
x x
t x
t
t

> =

>

3
2
0, 1
log
1
0
x x
t x
t
t

> =

>

3
0, 1
log
1 0 1
x x
t x
t t
> =

< < v >

3 3
0, 1
1 log 0 log 1
x x
x x
> =

< < v >

1
1 3
3
x x < < v >
39. ***Tham kho 2004 Gii HPT

=
+ = +
+
. y x
x y y x
x y x 1
2 2
2 2

HD: Xt PT th nht: (xy)(x+y1)=0
Thay y=x vo PT th hai
2 1
2 2 0
x x
= 2 1 1 x x x = = (y=1)
Thay y=1x vo PT th hai
1
2 2 3 0
x
x

+ = Hm s
1
( ) 2 2 3
x
f x x

= + ng bin trn R v f(1)=0 nn

f(x)=0 c nghim duy nht x=1 (y=0)
Kt lun (x=1;y=1), (x=1;y=0)
40. Tham kho 2003 Gii BPT
1 1
15.2 1 2 1 2
x x x + +
+ > +
HD: t t=2
x
ta c 30 1 1 2 t t t + > +
t=1 tha BPT
t>1 ta c 30 1 3 1 t t + >
2
1
30 1 9 6 1
t
t t t
>

+ > +

2
1
4 0
t
t t
>

1 4 t < s
www.vnmath.com
12
t<1 ta c
30 1 1 t t + > +
2
1
1 1
1
30 1 2 1
30
t
t
t t t t
<
s <

v

> + > + +

2
1 1
1
1
30 28 0
t
t
t t
s <

s < v

s

1 1
1
1
0 28 30
t
t
t
s <
s < v

s s

1
1 0 1
30
t t

s < v s <

Tng hp cc trng hp v iu kin t>0 ta c 0 4 t < s 0 2 4 2
x
x < s s

41. Tham kho 2003 Tm m PT c nghim thuc (0;1) :
( ) 0 4
2
1
2
2
= + m x x log log

HD:
( ) 0 4
2
1
2
2
= + m x x log log ( )
2
2 2
log log 0 x x m + + = ( )
2
2 2
log log m x x =
Vi 0<x<1 th
2
0 1 log 0 x x < < <
PT c nghim thuc (0;1) khi v ch khi m thuc min gi tr ca hm s
2
( ) ( 0) f t t t t = <
Kho st hm s cho kt qu
1
4
m s

42. H-D-2003 Gii PT:
2
2 2
2 2 3
x x x x +
=
HD:
2
2 2
2 2 3
x x x x +
=
2
2
4
2 3
2
x x
x x

=
2
2
2
3 4 0
x x
t
t t

=

2
2 4
x x
=
2
2 0 x x = 1 2 x x = v =
43. Tham kho 2003 Gii PT:
( )
x
5
log 5 4 1 x =
HD:
( )
5
log 5 4 1
x
x =
1
5 4 5
x x
=
5
5
4
x
t
t
t
=

2
5
4 5 0
x
t
t t
=

5
5
x
t
t
=

1 x =
44. H-A-2002 Cho PT : 0 1 2 1
2
3
2
3
= + + m x x log log
1) Gii PT khi m=2
2) Tm m PT c nghim trn [1 ; 3
3
]
HD:
1)
2 2
3 3
log log 1 5 0 x x + + =
2
3
2
log 1
6 0
t x
t t

= +

+ =

2
3
log 1
2
t x
t

= +

2
3
log 3 x =
3
log 3 x =
3
3 x

=
2) Xt
3
3
1 3 0 log 3 x x s s s s
0 1 2 1
2
3
2
3
= + + m x x log log
( )
2
3
2
log 1
1
( ) 2
2
t x
m f t t t

= +

= = +

PT ban u c nghim x tha
3
1 3 x s s khi v ch khi m thuc min gi tr ca f(t) vi 1 2 t s s
Kho st hm s ta c 0 2 m s s
45. Tham kho 2002 Gii PT:
2
2
3
27
16log 3log 0
x
x
x x =
www.vnmath.com
13
HD: Vi K
1 1
0, ,
3 3
x x x > = =
a v dng
3 3
3 3
8log 3log
3 2log 1 log
x x
x x
=
+ +

Hoc
3
log 0 1 x x = =
Hoc
3 3
8 3
3 2log 1 log x x
=
+ +
3
1
log
2
x = 3 x =
Tham kho 2002 Tm k h BPT sau c nghim:
( )

s +
<
1 1
3
1
2
1
0 3 1
3
2
2
2
3
x x
k x x
log log

HD: Xt BPT ta c
( )
3
2
2 2
1 1
log log 1 1
2 3
x x + s

Gii xong c 1 2 x s s
Xt BPT
3
1 3 0 x x k <
3
( ) 1 3 k f x x x > =
Xt 1 1 x s s , ( )
3
( ) 1 3 k f x x x > =

46. H-B-2002 Gii BPT :
( ) ( ) 3
log log 9 72 1
x
x
s
HD:
( ) ( ) 3
log log 9 72 1
x
x
s
( )
( )
( )
( )
3 3
3 3
0 1 1
log 9 72 0 log 9 72 0
log 9 72 log 9 72
x x
x x
x x
x x

< < >


> v >


> s



( )
3
1
0 1
9 72 1
log 9 72
9 72 3
x
x
x x
x
x
x
>
< <

v >

>

1
0 1
3 6 2
9 72 3
9 3 72 0
x
x x
x x
x
x
>
< <
v >

>

s

1 0 1
3 8 3 9 6 2 3 9
x x x
x x > < <

v

s v > s s

( ) 3
log 6 2 2 x < s


47. Tham kho 2002 Gii HPT
4 2
4 3 0
log log 0
x y
x y
+ =

HD:
4 2
4 3 0
log log 0
x y
x y
+ =

4 2
1, 1
4 3
log log
x y
x y
x y
> >

2
1, 1
4 3
x y
x y
x y
> >

2
1, 1
4 3
4 3 0
x y
x y
y y
> >

+ =

1 9
1 3
x x
y y
= =
v

= =


48. Tham kho 2002 Tm m PT sau c nghim:
( )
2
1 1 1 1
2
9 2 3 2 1 0
x x
a a
+ +
+ + + =
HD:
www.vnmath.com
14
( )
2
1 1 1 1
2
9 2 3 2 1 0
x x
a a
+ +
+ + + =
2
1
2
3
9 3( 2) 2 1 0
x
t
t a t a

+ + + =

Vi 1x1 ta c
1
3
3
t s s
Ta tm a PT
2
9 3( 2) 2 1 0 t a t a + + + = c nghim t tha
1
3
3
t s s
Bin i PT
2
9 6 1
( )
3 2
t t
a f t
t
+
= =

2
2
9(3 4 1)
( )
(3 2)
t t
f t
t
+
' =

,
1
( ) 0 1
3
f t t t ' = = v =
x - 1/3 2/3 1 +
f(t) + 0

0 +
f(t)


0


+

-


4

PT c nghim khi a0 V a4
49. Tham kho 2002 Gii PT:
( ) ( ) ( )
8
4 2
2
1 1
log 3 log 1 log 4
2 4
x x x + + =

HD:
( ) ( ) ( )
8
4 2
2
1 1
log 3 log 1 log 4
2 4
x x x + + =
( )
2 2 2
0, 1
log 3 log 1 log (4 )
x x
x x x
> =

+ + =

2 2
0, 1
4
log 1 log
3
x x
x
x
x
> =

+
0, 1
4
1
3
x x
x
x
x
> =

+
0 1 1
4 4
1 1
3 3
x x
x x
x x
x x
< < >

v

+ = =

+ +
2 2
0 1 1
2 3 4 2 3 4
x x
x x x x x x
< < >
v

+ = + =

2 2
0 1 1
6 3 0 2 3 0
x x
x x x x
< < >
v

+ = =

3 2 3 3 x x = + v =
50. H-D-2002 Gii HPT
3 2
1
2 5 4
4 2
2 2
x
x x
x
y y
y
+
=

+
=

+

HD:
3 2
1
2 5 4
4 2
2 2
x
x x
x
y y
y
+
=

+
=

+
3 2
2 5 4
(2 2)2
2 2
x
x x
x
y y
y
=

+
=

+
3 2
2 5 4
2
x
x
y y
y
=

3 2
2
5 4 0
x
y
y y y
=

+ =

2
2
5 4 0
x
y
y y
=

+ =

2
1 4
x
y
y y
=

= v =

0 2
1 4
x x
y y
= =
v

= =



51. Tham kho 2002 Gii PHNG TRNH :
( )
( )
3 2
3 2
log 2 3 5 3
log 2 3 5 3
x
y
x x x y
y y y x

+ =

+ =

HD:
www.vnmath.com
15
( )
( )
3 2
3 2
log 2 3 5 3
log 2 3 5 3
x
y
x x x y
y y y x

+ =

+ =

3 2 3
3 2 3
0, 1, 0, 1
2 3 5
2 3 5
x x y y
x x x y x
y y y x y
> = > =

+ =

+ =

2
2
0, 1, 0, 1
2 3 5 0
2 3 5 0
x x y y
x x y
y y x
> = > =

2 2
2 2
0, 1, 0, 1
2( ) 3( ) 5( ) 0
4( ) 3( ) 5( ) 0
x x y y
x y x y y x
x y x y x y
> = > =

+ + + =

2 2
0, 1, 0, 1
( )( 1) 0
4( ) 8( ) 0
x x y y
x y x y
x y x y
> = > =

+ + =

+ + =

2 2
0, 1, 0, 1 0, 1, 0, 1
1
8 16 0 8 8 13 0
x x y y x x y y
x y y x
x x x x
> = > = > = > =

= v =


= + + =

2
2
x
y
=

52. Tham kho 2002 Gii BPT:
( ) ( ). . log log
2 1 2
2
1
2
1
2 3 2 4 4 > +
+ x x

HD: ( ) ( ). . log log
2 1 2
2
1
2
1
2 3 2 4 4 > +
+ x x
2 1 2
2 1 2
2 3.2 0
4 4 2 3.2
x
x x
+
+
>

+ s

4 16
x
>
2 x >
51.
( ) ( ). 2 . 3 2 log 4 4 log
2 1 2
2
1
2
1
> +
+ x x

HD:
( ) ( ). 2 . 3 2 log 4 4 log
2 1 2
2
1
2
1
> +
+ x x
4 4 +
x

2 1 2
2 . 3 2
+ x
2
2x
+ 4 2.2
2x
+ 12 0 - 2
2x
+ 2
4
0
2
4
2
2x
2x > 4 x > 2