B6-319 Ly Thng Kiet, Phng 15, Quan 11, HCMC Tel: 08.38665645 Fax: 08.38665644 Web: www.congnghexanh.com.

vn

X L NC THI SINH HOT THEO PHNG PHP SINH HC HIU KH

TM TT H thng x l nc thi (HTXLNT) cng sut 600 m3/ngy ca Cng ty TNHH Furukawa c thit k v xy dng vi phng php x l sinh hc hiu kh. Kt qu phn tch nc thi sau khi qua HTXLNT cho thy kh nng x l hu hiu cc cht nhim c trong nc thi sinh hot. Vi hiu qu x l cc ch tiu > 95%, cng ngh x l sinh hc hiu kh chng t hiu qu vt tri trong vic x l nc thi sinh hot. Nc thi u ra khng nhng t tiu chun cho php loi C, TCVN 5945:2005 nh yu cu m cn tha mn tiu chun loi A, TCVN 5945:2005 tt c cc ch tiu tin hnh kho st.
T kha: Nc thi sinh hot, B sinh hc hiu kh

1. GII THIU Nc thi sinh hot l nc thi pht sinh t cc hot ng sinh hot ca cc cng ng dn c nh: khu vc th, trung tm thng mi, khu vc vui chi gii tr, c quan cng s, Thng thng, nc thi sinh hot ca h gia nh c chia lm hai loi chnh: nc en v nc xm. Nc en l nc thi t nh v sinh, cha phn ln cc cht nhim, ch yu l: cht hu c, cc vi sinh vt gy bnh v cn l lng. Nc xm l nc pht sinh t qu trnh ra, tm, git, vi thnh phn cc cht nhim khng ng k. Cc thnh phn nhim chnh c trng thng thy nc thi sinh hot l BOD5, COD, Nit v Pht pho. Trong nc thi sinh hot, hm lng N v P rt ln, nu khng c loi b th s lm cho ngun tip nhn nc thi b ph dng mt hin tng thng xy ra ngun nc c hm lng N v P cao, trong cc loi thc vt thy sinh pht trin mnh ri cht i, thi ra, lm cho ngun nc tr nn nhim. Mt yu t gy nhim quan trng trong nc thi sinh hot, c bit l trong phn, l cc loi mm bnh c ly truyn bi cc vi sinh vt c trong phn. Vi sinh vt gy bnh t nc thi c kh nng ly lan qua nhiu ngun khc nhau, qua tip xc trc tip, qua mi trng (t, nc, khng kh, cy trng, vt nui, cn trng), thm nhp vo c th ngi qua ng thc n, nc ung, h hp,,v sau c th gy bnh. Vi sinh vt gy bnh cho ngi bao gm cc nhm chnh l virus, vi khun, nguyn sinh bo v giun sn. Vi thnh phn nhim l cc tp cht nhim bn c tnh cht khc nhau, t cc loi cht khng tan n cc cht t tan v c nhng hp cht tan trong nc, vic x l nc thi sinh hot l loi b cc tp cht , lm sch nc v c th a nc vo ngun tip nhn hoc a vo ti s dng. Vic la chn phng php x l thch hp thng c cn c trn c im ca cc loi tp cht c trong nc thi. Cc phng php chnh thng c s dng trong cc cng trnh x l nc thi sinh hot l: phng php ha hc, phng php ha l, v phng php sinh hc. Cc phng php ha hc dng trong HTXLNT sinh hot gm c: trung ha, oxy ha kh, to kt ta hoc phn ng phn hy cc hp cht c hi. C s ca phng php ny l cc phn

B6-319 Ly Thng Kiet, Phng 15, Quan 11, HCMC Tel: 08.38665645 Fax: 08.38665644 Web: www.congnghexanh.com.vn

ng ha hc din ra gia cht nhim v ha cht thm vo, do , u im ca phng php l c hiu qu x l cao, thng c s dng trong cc h thng x l nc khp kn. Tuy nhin, phng php ha hc c nhc im l chi ph vn hnh cao, khng thch hp cho cc HTXLNT sinh hot vi quy m ln. Bn cht ca phng php ho l trong qu trnh x l nc thi sinh hot l p dng cc qu trnh vt l v ho hc a vo nc thi cht phn ng no gy tc ng vi cc tp cht bn, bin i ho hc, to thnh cc cht khc di dng cn hoc cht ho tan nhng khng c hi hoc gy nhim mi trng. Nhng phng php ho l thng c p dng x l nc thi l: keo t, tuyn ni, ng t, hp ph, trao i ion, thm lc ngc v siu lc Giai on x l ho l c th l giai on x l c lp hoc x l cng vi cc phng php c hc, ho hc, sinh hc trong cng ngh XLNT hon chnh. Bn cht ca phng php sinh hc trong qu trnh x l nc thi sinh hot l s dng kh nng sng v hot ng ca cc vi sinh vt c ch phn hu cc cht hu c v cc thnh phn nhim trong nc thi. Cc qu trnh x l sinh hc ch yu c nm nhm chnh: qu trnh hiu kh, qu trnh trung gian anoxic, qu trnh k kh, qu trnh kt hp hiu kh trung gian anoxic k kh cc qu trnh h. i vi vic x l nc thi sinh hot c yu cu u ra khng qu kht khe i vi ch tiu N v P, qu trnh x l hiu kh bng bn hot tnh l qu trnh x l sinh hc thng c ng dng nht. i vi HTXLNT sinh hot ca Cng ty TNHH Furukawa cng sut 600 m3/ngy, yu cu ca nc thi u ra khng qu kht khe (loi C, TCVN 5945:2005) nn cng ngh c chng ti la chn s dng l phng php bn sinh hc hiu kh. Cc bc kho st v vn hnh h thng x l nc thi sinh hot ca Cng ty TNHH Furukawa s c cp v tm tt trong bi bo ny. 2. VT LIU V PHNG PHP 2.1. Vt liu Bn c s dng trong HTXLNT c ly t cc b sinh hc hiu kh vn hnh n nh cc HTXLNT c tnh cht tng t. Nc thi c cp trong bi bo ny l nc thi sinh hot ca Cng ty TNHH Furukawa (Khu ch xut Tn Thun, Qun 7, TPHCM, Vit Nam). 2.2. Phng php 2.2.1. Cng ngh x l Nc thi sinh hot ca 8000 cng nhn thuc Cng ty TNHH Furukawa t cc Hm t hoi c bm vo B iu ha. V nc thi c thnh phn du m tng i cao nn ngn tch du s c lp t ti b iu ha tch du m v cc tp cht nh c trong nc thi. T b iu ha, nc thi c a vo B sinh hc hiu kh c ha trn vi bn vi sinh hot tnh to thnh hn hp vi sinh v nc thi. Vi sinh vt hiu kh trong hn hp bn hot tnh s chuyn ha cc cht hu c trong nc thi di dng thc n thnh cc hp cht n gin hn v v hi vi mi trng. Hn hp vi sinh v nc thi c chy vo B lng, ni bn hot tnh c lng li v nn y b. Bn lng c tun hon (khong 25-80 % tng lu lng) vo b

B6-319 Ly Thng Kiet, Phng 15, Quan 11, HCMC Tel: 08.38665645 Fax: 08.38665644 Web: www.congnghexanh.com.vn

sinh hc hiu kh duy tr nng vi sinh n nh trong b. Nc sau lng t tiu chun mi trng loi C, TCVN 5945:2005 v c a vo ngun tip nhn. Cng on x l cui cng l x l v thi b bn t b lng. Bn t b lng c bm vo B phn hy bn hiu kh ni phn hy cc hp cht hu c c trong bn trong mi trng hiu kh. Sau x l, bn ch cn cha cht v c v cc cht rn vi sinh. Bn ti y b ca b phn hy bn c bm n ni x l sau mi 6 (hay 12 thng). Nc thi sinh hot Hm t hoi Ngn tch du m B iu ha My thi kh B Aerotank B lng B phn hy bn k kh chn lp

Ngun tip nhn

Hnh 1: S cng ngh x l ca HTXLNT sinh hot

2.2.2. Cc thng s kho st v phng php ly mu tin hnh xc nh hiu qu x l ca tng h thng, cc thng s cn c kho st l: COD, BOD5, TSS, pH, N-NH3, Nit tng, Pht pho tng. Vic ly mu c tin hnh nh sau: Bnh ly mu 500 ml c dng thu mu nc thi trc khi vo HTXLNT, v nc thi sau khi x l. Cc mu c ly 2 mu/ln v c tr trong t tr mu trc khi c a i phn tch bi Phng th nghim Trung tm Cng ngh & Qun l mi trng.

B6-319 Ly Thng Kiet, Phng 15, Quan 11, HCMC Tel: 08.38665645 Fax: 08.38665644 Web: www.congnghexanh.com.vn

3. KT QU V BN LUN Kt qu phn tch cht lng nc ca cc mu nc ly ti H thng x l nc thi dt nhum Cng ty TNHH Furukawa c trnh by Bng 1.
Bng 1: Tnh cht nc thi u vo v u ra ca HTXLNT ti Cng ty TNHH Furukawa. Ngun: Cng ty Cng ngh xanh, 15/01/2008

pH u vo u ra sau x l Tiu chun loi C, TCVN 5945:2005 Tiu chun loi A, TCVN 5945:2005 6,8 6,04 5-9 6-9

COD, mg/l 595 15 400 50

BOD5, mg/l 432 5 100 30

Tng cht rn ha tan, mg/l 266 5 200 50

N-NH3, mg/l 25 1,0 15 5

Nit tng, mg/l 33 8,0 60 15

Pht pho tng, mg/l 4,7 0,23 8 4

3.1. Hiu qu x l COD, BOD Hnh 2 th hin hiu qu x l COD ca HTXLNT sinh hot Cng ty TNHH Furakawa. Kt qu cho thy sau B sinh hc hiu kh, COD gim n 97,48%. i vi ch tiu COD, cng ngh x l sinh hc hiu kh bng bn hot tnh chng t hiu qu vt tri trong vic x l nc thi sinh hot khi nng COD u ra khng nhng thp hn nhiu so vi tiu chun mi trng u ra loi C, TCVN 5945:2005 m cn thp hn so vi tiu chun loi A, TCVN 5945:2005.

Hnh 2: Hiu qu x l COD ca HTXLNT sinh hot % CODb x l=(CODu vo CODu ra)/CODu vo

B6-319 Ly Thng Kiet, Phng 15, Quan 11, HCMC Tel: 08.38665645 Fax: 08.38665644 Web: www.congnghexanh.com.vn

Hiu qu x l BOD c th hin hnh 3, vi hiu qu x l ln n 98,84%. Nng BOD u ra thp hn tiu chun u ra loi A v loi C, TCVN 5945:2005.

Hnh 3: Hiu qu x l BOD ca HTXLNT sinh hot

3.2. Hiu qu x l cht rn l lng

Hnh 4: Hiu qu x l cht rn l lng ca HTXLNT sinh hot

Hnh 4 cho thy hiu qu x l cht rn l lng ca HTXLNT sinh hot ca Cng ty TNHH Furakawa rt cao v tha mn tiu chun u ra kht khe nht ca TCVN 5945:2005: loi A. Trong HTXLNT, nng cht rn l lng b loi tr n 98,12% sau b sinh hc hiu kh chng t kh nng x l hiu qu ca cng ngh la chn.

B6-319 Ly Thng Kiet, Phng 15, Quan 11, HCMC Tel: 08.38665645 Fax: 08.38665644 Web: www.congnghexanh.com.vn

3.3. Hiu qu x l N-NH3 Hiu qu x l N-NH3 c th hin hnh 5, hiu qu x l ln n 96%, nng N-NH3 sau x l thp hn nhiu khng nhng so vi tiu chun u ra loi C, m cn tiu chun loi A, TCVN 5945:2005. Kt qu ny cho thy hiu qu x l vt tri ca cng ngh la chn trong vic x l Nit mt cht nhim thng thy trong nc thi sinh hot.

Hnh 5: Hiu qu x l N-NH3 ca HTXLNT sinh hot

3.4. Hiu qu x l P

Hnh 6: Hiu qu x l P ca HTXLNT sinh hot

B6-319 Ly Thng Kiet, Phng 15, Quan 11, HCMC Tel: 08.38665645 Fax: 08.38665644 Web: www.congnghexanh.com.vn

Sau HTXLNT sinh hot, tng P c loi tr n 95,11%, nng u ra l 0,23 mg/l, t yu cu ca tiu chun loi C v c loi A ca TCVN 5945:2005. 4. KT LUN HTXLNT sinh hot ca Cng ty TNHH Furukawa vi cng sut 600 m3/ngy c thit k v xy dng bi Green Tech th hin kh nng x l vt tri cc cht nhim c trong nc thi sinh hot, khng nhng t tiu chun u ra loi C theo quy nh chung ca KCX Tn Thun m cn t tiu chun loi A, TCVN 5945:2005 cho tt c cc ch tiu.

THAM KHO
[1] Mara, Duncan. Domestic Wastewater Treatment in Developing Countries. Earthscan, 2004. [2] Metcalf & Eddy. Wastewater Engineering-Treatment and Reuse, Fourth Edition, McGraw

Hill. Inc., 2003.

[3] Nguyn Vn Phc. X l nc thi bng bn hot tnh. NXB i hc Quc gia

TPHCM, 2004.