Professional Documents
Culture Documents
1.1 Cc h thng x l tp truyn thng. 1.2 Cc h CSDL: cc khi nim c bn, cc tnh nng ca mt h qun tr CSDL v nhng ngi dng ca mt h CSDL. 1.3 S phn loi cc h CSDL.
2
Hn ch ca cc h thng x l tp truyn thng D tha v khng m bo nht qun d liu Kh khn trong truy nhp d liu C lp v hn ch chia s d liu Cc vn v an ton v ton vn Cc vn v tin cy S ph thuc d liu ca cc chng trnh ng dng
5
Ni dung chng
1.1 Cc h thng x l tp truyn thng v nhng hn ch ca n. 1.2 Cc h CSDL: cc khi nim c bn, cc tnh nng ca mt h qun tr CSDL v nhng ngi dng ca mt h CSDL. 1.3 S phn loi cc h CSDL.
6
1.2 Cc h c s d liu C s d liu (CSDL) (ting Anh:DataBase-DB) l g ? H qun tr CSDL (DataBase Management System-DBMS) l g ? H CSDL (Database Systems) ?
Gio vin
Danh sch sinh vin lp Tin2-K49 ? Thi kha biu ca lp Tin2-K49 ?
Thc hin
Xc nh yu cu nghip v Xc nh thng tin cn lu tr Xc nh cch thc lu tr
Gio v
Danh sch sinh vin K47 tt nghip loi gii ?... Chng trnh ng dng/ng dng
9
Cc khi nim c bn
ng dng
C s d liu (DataBase)
L mt b su tp cc d liu tc nghip
L cc d liu ca mt x nghip C quan h logic vi nhau c lu tr phc v cho mt ng dng cn tin hc ha.
H CSDL
CSDL
H QTCSDL
11
H qun tr c s d liu
H c s d liu
L mt h thng gm 4 thnh phn
CSDL v cc ng dng Nhng ngi s dng Phn mm DBMS Phn cng
14
H CSDL
Cc chng trnh ng dng DBMS CSDL Ngi s dng trc tuyn
15
16
...
nh x ngoi-quan nim1
m t cch m ngi s dng c th nhn thy d liu nh ngha cu trc logic ca d liu, d liu no c lu tr v mi quan h gia cc d liu nh ngha cu trc cc tp v ch dn c s dng trong c s d liu (cch lu tr d liu nh th no)
Mc trong (vt l)
CSDL lu tr
18
Tnh c lp d liu
c lp d liu mc vt l: cc chng trnh ng dng l bt bin i vi cc thay i trong s vt l. c lp d liu mc logic: cc chng trnh ng dng l bt bin i vi cc thay i trong s logic.
Mc vt l: mt bn ghi khch_hang c m t nh mt khi nh, chng trnh dch che du cc chi tit mc ny i vi ngi lp trnh. Mc logic: mi bn ghi c m t bi mt nh ngha kiu, ngi lp trnh s dng ngn ng lp trnh lm vic ti mc tru tng ny. Mc khung nhn: ngi s dng my tnh thy mt tp cc chng trnh ng dng, che du nhng chi tit v cc kiu d liu
19
20
Cc ngn ng c h tr bi DBMS
Ngn ng nh ngha d Definition Language - DDL) liu (Data
M t cu trc cc i tng trong CSDL Khai bo mi lin h gia cc d liu v cc quy tc, rng buc p t ln d liu Thay i cc m t cu trc
B x l cu hi
Ngn ng thao tc d liu Manipulation Language - DML) Ngn ng iu khin d Control Language - DCL)
(Data
B qun l lu tr
liu
(Data
Khai bo bo mt thng tin Phn quyn cho ngi dng trong khai thc CSDL
21
D liu (data)
22
Qun l lu tr
Yu cu
lu tr v truy xut d liu trn cc thit b nh Yu cu
B qun l lu tr Qun l buffer Qun l tp Qun l giao dch
X l cu hi
B x l cu hi B bin dch B ti u B nh gi
Thc hin
Thc hin
Bin i truy vn mc cao thnh cc yu cu c th hiu c bi h CSDL. La chn mt k hoch tt nht tr li truy vn ny.
T chc ti u d liu trn thit b nh Tng tc hiu qu Metadata & vi b qun l tp Data dictionary
B qun l lu tr
(t in d liu)
24
Ngi dng
Ngi thit k v ci t h QTCSDL: chu trch nhim thit k v ci t cc module ca h QTCSDL v cc giao din di hnh thc cc gi phn mm Ngi pht trin cng c: chu trch nhim thit k v ci t cc gi phn mm h tr cho vic thit k, s dng cng nh tng cng hiu nng ca cc h CSDL.
26
Thc hin
Qun l iu khin tng tranh. Pht hin li v phc hi CSDL
25
Ngi dng
Ngi thit k CSDL: chu trch nhim xc nh cc d liu c lu tr trong CSDL v cc cu trc biu din cng nh lu tr nhng d liu ny Ngi qun tr CSDL: chu trch nhim cho php truy nhp CSDL, iu phi v kim tra s dng CSDL, qun l ti nguyn phn cng v phn mm khi cn thit Ngi bo tr h thng: l nhng ngi qun tr h thng chu trch nhim cho vic hot ng v bo tr mi trng (phn cng v phn mm) cho h CSDL
27
Ngi dng
Ngi phn tch h thng v pht trin ng dng: chu trch nhim xc nh yu cu ca ngi dng cui, xc nh cc giao dch cn thit p ng cc yu cu ngi dng, lp trnh ng dng ci t nhng yu cu ny trong chng trnh, kim th, g ri, lp ti liu cho chng trnh Ngi s dng cui: l ngi khai thc cc h CSDL t terminal.
28
Ni dung chng
1.1 Cc h thng x l tp truyn thng v nhng hn ch ca n. 1.2 Cc h CSDL: cc khi nim c bn, cc tnh nng ca mt h qun tr CSDL v nhng ngi dng ca mt h CSDL. 1.3 Phn loi cc h CSDL.
29
S ngi s dng
Mt ngi dng vs. nhiu ngi dng
Cc h CSDL tp trung
H CSDL c nhn: mt ngi s dng va thit k, to lp CSDL, vit cc chng trnh tin hc ha mt vi ng dng n l v cp nht, khai thc d liu.
m nhim vai tr: ngi qun tr CSDL, ngi vit chng trnh ng dng, end-user.
H CSDL trung tm: d liu c lu tr trn mt my tnh trung tm, ngi dng truy cp CSDL t cc terminal. H CSDL khch-ch:
Cc my tnh trung tm ln t so vi cc my nh v my trm. Cc ng dng my khch truy nhp d liu c qun l bi my ch.
31
H CSDL khchch
32
Cc h CSDL phn tn
CSDL phn tn? L mt tp cc CSDL c quan h logic vi nhau nhng c tri ra trn nhiu trm lm vic ca mt mng my tnh. C 2 tnh cht: quan h logic v phn tn H QTCSDL phn tn: L mt h thng phn mm cho php to lp CSDLPT v iu khin cc truy nhp i vi CSDLPT ny. Chia ra 2 loi: CSDLPT thun nht v khng thun nht
33
Cc h CSDLPT (tip)
34
Kt lun
CSDL cho php lu tr v khai thc d liu mt cch thng nht v hiu qu (c bit trong trng hp khi lng d liu ln). S tru tng v d liu v tnh c lp d liu cho php pht trin ng dng d dng hn. H qun tr CSDL cung cp cc cng c hu hiu tr gip vic to lp CSDL v pht trin ng dng
35
Nghin cu
36
Cc im cn lu trong chng ny
Cch tip cn tp vs. cch tip cn CSDL CSDL vs. h QTCSDL vs. h CSDL Kin trc 3 mc ca h CSDL Cc chc nng chnh ca mt h QTCSDL Ngi s dng trong mt h CSDL Phn loi cc h CSDL
37
38
10