1. CC NGUN NNG LNG V CC VN CHUNG 1.

.1 Khai thc v tiu th nng lng Nng lng rt quan trng cho cuc sng, n l ch s quan trng v mc pht trin ca nn kinh t. Kim tra tiu th nng lng ca c nhn mnh hng ngy s hiu c th hn v tc dng, ngun gc, v loi/dng, v qui m, v hiu qu. n v o nng lng: J (Joule) n v thng dng khc: kW.h kgOE, TOE kgCE, TCE Nng mt vt khi lng 1 kg trn mt t ln 1m cn mgH = 1m*9.8m/s2*1m = 9.8 J un si 1 lt nc tiu th ht: 1kg*(100oC-30oC)*4,186 kJ/(kg.oC) = 293 kJ Nu 1 ba n ht: ?kJ Ngi hc 1h di bng tup in ht: 40W*1h = 40W.h = 40J/s*3600s = 144 kJ Lp hc ta trong 3 tit tiu th ht ? kJ Chy xe my 100km ht ? kJ SX 1 tn ximng, tu cng ngh, cn 3,7 n 10 GJ
1 oil barrel (thng du) = 159 lt (khng qui ra J), dng ni n qui m khai thc du theo lu lng

Cc dng nng lng thng mi bao gm du m, gas, than , ci g, in vv. in, xng, du DO l nng lng cao cp. Cc ngun nng lng khc dng bin i thnh nng lng cao cp l nng lng s cp. Nng lng c vai tr ch o trong pht trin kinh t, n l h tng quan trng cho tt c cc ngnh sn xut v dch v. V vy nng lng phi c pht trin trc cc ngnh khc mt thi gian. Khng th xy cc loi nh my trong khu CN xong ri mi tnh xy mng cung cp in v xy cc cy xng trn ng i ti . Tiu th nng lng ca c th gii tng trng khng ngng (ch tr 2009) v tc hin ngy cng cao, khong 2% cho cc nm cui TK 20 ln 5% cho nm 2010. Th gii hin tiu th khong 12 t TOE, tc l khong gn 2 toe/ngi/nm, mt con s rt ln nn th gii ang nng dn ln cng chng c g l l. Tiu th trung bnh l vy nhng ta nn nh rng cc nc pht trin c mc tiu th nng lng theo u ngi cao gp hng ngn ln cc nc km pht trin. Nng lng tiu th ngay trong gia nh nc cng nghip c th bng mt xng nh nc ang pht trin, cn nhng vng cng thn cc nc ngho th ch cn t ci un v cht du ha thp sng cho ba n ti. Hot ng tit kim nng lng c cc nc cng nghip rt coi trng t nhiu thp k trc, nay th mang tnh cp thit ton cu. S dng nng lng hiu qu s gip ct gim tiu hao nng lng v cc ngun lc, gim pht thi. Cc nc ang pht trin, trong c Vit Nam, cn xem tit kim nng lng va l c hi va l tiu ch tt nm bt cc cng ngh v phng php t chc qun tr tin tin.

Source: BP Statistical Review of World Energy.

Hnh 1.1 Tng trng tiu th nng lng thng mi ca c th gii

Phn b nng lng tiu th theo ngun qua s bnh sau gip ta thy r hn ng gp ca tng ngun nng lng

Hnh 1.2. Cc ngun cung cp nng lng s cp

Hnh 1.2 cho ta thy du m vn l ngun nng lng chnh. Ngun ny d bo s t cc i trong thp k ny v cn kit dn ti gia th k, nh hnh sau:

URR (Ultimately Recoverable Resources)

Hnh 1.3. San lng dau mo th gii: lch s & d bo Vit Nam c tc tng trng tiu th nng lng khong 11%/nm, cao hn trung bnh th gii v ta ang thuc nhm kinh t km pht trin. Nn nh rng cng lc th tc tng trng GDP ca ta ch khong 7%/nm. Tnh hnh chung v sn xut v tiu th phn b theo cc ngun nng lng cng nh so snh vi mt s nc khc ca cc nm gn y nh sau: Du m 200 Tr lng ro (ke ca kh), triu TOE Khai thac dau, kh, triu TOE/nam 20 Ty le tr lng/ khai thac 10 Nam bat au khai thac 1986 Than a Tr lng ro, triu TCE Khai thac , triu TCE/nam Ty le tr lng/ khai thac 3500 25 140

Year Energy consumption per capita (kg of oil equivalent per capita)

1980 89

1985 102

1990 97

1995 135

2000 231

2005 360

Hnh 1.4. Tnh hnh tiu th nng lng ca Vit Nam

Tiu th nng lng ni chung v in nng ni ring bnh qun theo u ngi ca VN ang mc rt thp, phn nh nn kinh t ca ta. Nng lng in tnh trung bnh cho u ngi khong 1000 kW.h/(ngi.nm). Tng tiu th nng lng bnh qun u ngi ca VN khong 400 kgOE/(ngi.nm). hnh dung mc pht trin trong tng quan vi cc nc nm 2009, xem bng sau: USA Japan China Thailand Vietnam Tiu th kW.h/(ngi.nm) 14.340 8.530 2.570 2.260 880 Tiu th in nng mt s nc trong nm 2009 Nc

Cc n/m nhit in ln ca VN: Ph M 2500 MW, sx 22% in ca c nc Ph Li 4x110 + 600 MW, sx 6 t kW.h/nm khong 8,5% in ca c nc; Ninh Bnh sx khong 680 triu kW.h/n Ung B 300 MW (2007) + 300 MW, xs 2,7t kW.h/n C Mau 1500 MW, sx 9 t kW.h/n Mn 1: 2x330=660 MW 3,6 t kW.h/n Nhn Trch 2: 720 MW 1.2 Cac ac tnh cua ien thng pham in nng l dng nng lng cao cp. N c th d dng bin i qua bt c dng nng lng no khc vi hiu sut rt cao. Tuy vy c in nng ta phi tiu tn rt nhiu nng lng s cp, thng thng ti 3 ln nhiu hn in nng tiu th! Khong 70% nng lng s cp b tht thot vo mi trng theo gii hn ca nh lut nhit ng 2. Chng no chng ta cha nng gii hn nhit chu lc ca vt liu ln cao hn ng k so vi mc hin hnh ~550oC th cha th ci thin hiu sut c. Do vy sn xut v tiu th in lun cn s ch ca c x hi nng cao hiu qu. Vn hiu qu s dng in nng phi lun c t ln hng u. Sn xut in nng phi gn ngay vi tiu th, khng tch tr ng k c, ngun in ni vi ph ti qua dy in v nng lng truyn i nhanh nh in. iu ny t ra yu cu l cng sut pht phi lun lun ln hn cng sut s dng. Nu cha s dng n ni th cng sut pht phi ch. Khi nim v cng sut t: cng sut lp t hon thin, c kh nng huy ng pht in p ng nhu cu tiu th (ph ti). Biu ( th) ph ti: l hm ca ph ti in (kW) ph thuc theo thi gian. Trc tung l cng sut pht/tiu th v trc honh l thi gian 0 n 24h. Ph ti ca mng in ti mt thi im bng tng cng sut cc h tiu th ang vn hnh ngay lc . N lun thay i theo thi gian v lc no cng c nhng ai bt cu dao (CB/cng tc) ca mnh ln hoc ct ra khi mng. Nhn chung th th ph ti l mt ng cong c dng chu k ngy 24h v hot ng ca con ngi l theo chu k ngy m. Cng sut in tiu th hng ngy c dng ging nhau, thng l ng cong c hai nh trong ngy: l tra v 1 chiu, do thi quen sn xut & sinh hot ca con ngi. c bit nh cao nht l chiu-chp ti, trong khong 16:00-20:00, lc nhiu x nghip vn sx v hu ht n ng vi in gia dng (n TV, qut, HKK, gii tr vv) u a vo s dng, ph ti mng t

gi tr cao nht v gi l gi cao im. EVN hin qui nh 2 vng cao im l t 9:30 n 11:30 v t 17:00 n 20:00 cho cc ngy t th 2 n th 7, ch nht khng c gi cao im. Khong 22:00 4:00 l vng ti thp nht (hu ht cc gia nh tt in i ng, ch cn t x nghip duy tr sx ca 3 mt s xng, mt s n ng ). Khong thi gian 4:00 n 18:00 gi l vng bnh thng. Nhng ngy ngh, l, biu ph ti c dng khc vi ngy thng.

Hnh 1.5 V d v biu ph ti in mt ngy Biu cng sut tch lu hng nm (ph ti in hng nm) l cng s gi c cng cng sut tiu th ca tng ngy trong nm, v cho c 8760 gi (365 ngy) trong nm. Trc ng th hin cng sut, trc ngang l thi gian. N cho hay trong c nm h thng vn hnh my gi cng sut max,

my gi cng sut no , v bao nhiu gi cng sut min. Din tch di ng cong ny l tng nng lng tiu th trong nm.
En = Nd
0

N MW Nmax

Nmin

En

8760 h Hnh 1.6 V d v biu ph ti in mt nm Ch s tmax = En/Nmax cho hay gi nh ta ch pht n nh vi cng sut max th sau bao nhiu gi ta sn xut nng lng in cho c nm nh bnh thng. N c gi l ch s gi s dng cng sut cc i. C ngha l: gi nh c th tch tr in thoi mi c th ngi ta chy my pht tmax gi cng sut n nh Nmax, xong ton b nhn vin in lc c th i ngh n ht nm! Ch s khc gi l h s s dng cng sut cc i o bng u max = En/(Nmax.8760), n cng phn nh bn cht ging nh ch s tmax trn. Cht lng in i ngi s dng th hin qua cc thng s in p, tn s v tin cy. Tn s cn c n nh cht ch 50 Hz +/- 0,5Hz. in p th thay i c trong khong rng hn, c th l 220V +5% -10%. tin cy l s m bo kh nng cung cp in lin tc (hay nguy c b ct in), bt c h thng k thut no cng n cha ri ro. 1.3 Mng in v Gi thnh in nng Cc nh my nhit in ni song song vi nhau to thnh mng in hay h thng in. Cc thnh phn chnh ca mng in gm cc NM in, trm bin p, ng truyn (dy) cao th, trm v ng phn phi h th. Cng sut t ca h thng bng tng cng sut t trong cc nh my ca mng cng li, cng sut ny phi cao hn nh ph ti cao nht ca mng. Nu cng sut ph

ti nh vt cng sut pht cc i ca h thng th s xy ra kh nng r mng do cc thit b t ng bo v tng nh my in s ct mnh ra khi mng khi b qu ti. C ngha l cc nh my in cn li phi ti nng hn, c th m ln lt ct ra (tan r) trong thi gian rt ngn. ngn nga tnh trng ny c quan iu phi c k hoch bo ng mc ph ti nguy him v ch ng ct gim ti, trc ht l ct cc mng c vai tr kinh t - x hi thp. t gi thnh thp l mt trong cc nhim v thng xuyn ca h thng nng lng. Gi thnh sn phm ca in nng o bng VND/(kW.h). Cc thnh phn chnh ca gi thnh gm: Gi thnh = khu hao (hon vn) + nhin liu + chi ph vn hnh & bo tr + ch ph khc Phn khu hao trong gi thnh c th rt ng k. Cng sut t ca h thng cc nh my in phi cao hn nh ph ti cao nht ca mng. iu ny ko theo yu cu u t c bn rt ln (xy thm cc NM in) lm tng gi thnh in nng do tng phn khu hao ( tr li tin u t). Nu cng sut ln ny ch c khai thc mt phn (chy mt vi gi trong ngy) cho phn ln s ngy trong nm th hiu qu u t s thp, tc l gi thnh cng cao. V vy cn c cc bin php gim tiu th in vo gi cao im, tc l gim chiu cao ca cc nh (ca th ph ti) xung. Tng gi in trong cc gi cao im l mt bin php gim ti nh. Tuy nhin s tt hn nu ta tng ng thi c thc ca x hi tng hiu qu s dng. in lc Vit Nam (EVN) hin p dng chnh sch 3 gi in (479; 871 v 1706 /kW.h) cho cc x nghip cng nghip c bin p ring, nhm khuyn khch gim ti gi cao im v chuyn hot ng sn xut t gi cao im sang gi thp im. Nh vy s gim c bin dao ng ph ti, to iu kin gim u t vo cng sut t m vn bo m c n nh h thng. in tht s l mt loi hng ho c bit, c ngha quan trng cho pht trin kinh t quc dn, an ton x hi v an ninh quc phng. Tt c cc chnh ph u can thip iu tit sx v tiu th in, khng ph mc hon ton cho c ch th trng iu phi. Cc chnh ph u yu cu ngi dn tit kim in, dnh in cho nhng lnh vc khng th thay th c. 1.4 Cc phng php nng cao hiu qu s dng nng lng: Li ch ca tit kim nng lng Chi ph nng lng trong SX: mt s ngnh ngh ch ph nng lng (nhin liu) chim phn ln gi thnh sn phm, nh NM in, xi mng, gch ngi (VLXD ni chung), giy, thu tinh, st thp Chi ph nng lng trn 1 ng ($, hay 1 v.) sn phm gi l t trng nng lng trong gi thnh. Nhu cu bc thit v gim t trng nng lng trong gi thnh sn phm ca cc x nghip; ca c nn kinh t c nn kinh t ni chung. C th th mi c sc cnh tranh trong qu trnh hi nhp. TKNL l gp phn bo v mi trng v gim c tiu hao cc ngun lc v gim x thi Mi kg nhin liu tiu hao s sn ra cc loi kh hiu ng nh knh v hiu ng ph hu ozone. Tnh th cho 1 kg C thun tu xem t ht s to ra bao nhiu kg CO2?. Th gii c cc quy nh v trn kh x, cc ch tiu ct gim. VN cng phi tham gia cc hip nh quc t. Tit kim in gip gim chi ph u t cho mng in Cc bin php tit kim nng lng gm cc nhm chnh nh sau: Cc bin php k thut: kim ton nng lng; cch nhit; thay i qui trnh vn hnh cho hp l hn;

lp t b, chn cng sut thit b hp l, s dng bin tn, ng dng cc cng ngh (cc dy chuyn sx) tin tin: cng sn xut mt mt hng (ximng hay giy chng hn) nhng t trng nng lng s khc nhau tu vo cng ngh. Cc bin php nhn s: o to nng cao trnh v thc ti t chc i ng, ti sp xp sn xut; Cc chnh sch v m (Nh nc): Lut v cc cc hng dn, nh mc; lut ho cc kha cnh tiu th nng lng; tuyn truyn qui m v m khuyn khch v ti tr pht trin cng ngh tin tin H s n hi = (tng trng tiu th nng lng)/(tng trng GDP) Nu HSH = 1 tng trng ch thun tu c hc (lm nhiu gi hn/tng ca) HSH < 1 l tng trng c cht lng, nh ci tin cng ngh m gi tr lm ra cao hn khi tiu th NL t hn HSH > 1 l tng trng bt hp l, gi tr sn phm c tng nhng chi ph nhiu hn gi tr lm ra. Tng trng ny l khng bn vng, ni ng hn l nguy him cho con ngi v mi trng. Ct in v tc hi Nh ni trn, ct in c th phi p dng nu ph ti nh cao hn tng cng sut pht ca h thng in. Lc nu khng ch ng ct th h thng cng t ng ct (r mng). Tuy vy ta phi hiu cc tc hi ca ct in khn cp (t xut/ khng bo trc) - Thit hi kinh t k thut: khng sn xut c, khng m bo sn lng (b thit v s lng thit doanh thu); khng m bo tin hp ng (b pht chm hp ng); b h hi my mc (luyn kim, nha . . nu ngng gia chng s b ng cng, cc qu trnh vi sinh/ln men b h thnh ph liu); Dch v b ngng tr: ngn hng, siu th, trng hc, bn vin . . . An ton, nh hng n sinh mng: thang my; h thng gi ng hm; phng m bnh vin; h dn ng cc phng tin giao thng. Quc phng: radar, bo tr kh ti, thng tin lin lc gia cc b phn quc phng. Sinh hot gim cht lng

Ph lc:
NH MY IN UI HI L G? Kh t dng cho cc Nh my in trn c tn dng ti a va c thm in m khng gy nhim mi trng. l nh chun trnh khp kn trong khi s dng kh t. Kh t sau khi dng cho tuabin kh to ra in s c chuyn qua mt l thu hi nhit ch khng x ra ng khi. L thu hi nhit ny s un nc to ra hi y tuabin hi v tip tc to ra in. Nhit thi ra tuabin kh l khong 5-700 oC, cn khi qua l thu hi nhit, to ra in tuabin hi ch cn

khong 120 oC. Nu nh khng c l thu hi nhit y tuabin hi pht in th mi trng s rt nhim. Hin nay, cc nh my in Ph M hot ng theo cng thc: 3-3-1 hoc 2-2-1, tc l 3 tuabin kh3 l thu hi nhit v 1 tua bin hi hoc 2 tuabin kh- 2 l thu hi nhit v 1 tuabin hi. Cc phng n pht trin ngun in n nm 2020 1. Phng n kh cho in 12 t m3/nm Phng n ny c tnh ton trn c s kh cp cho in khong 12 t m3/nm (trong tng sn lng 15 t m3/nm), than khong 7-9 triu tn/nm (trong tng sn lng 15-20 triu tn/nm). Kt qu tnh ton phng n pht trin ngun in ng vi cc phng n ph ti c d kin nh sau: 1.1. Phng n ph ti c s Trn c s d bo nhu cu in v kh nng cung cp ca cc ngun nng lng c xt n trin vng trao i in nng gia cc nc trong khu vc, chng trnh pht trin ngun in ca nc ta trong giai on 2000-2020 i vi phng n ph ti c s (khong 26 t Kwh vo nm 2000; 167 t Kwh vo nm 2020) c xc nh nh sau: tng cng sut cc nh my in xy dng mi t khong 30.000 MW, trong thu in hn 9.000 MW (thu in Sn La quy m 3.600 MW bt u vo xy dng nm 2012 v hon thnh vn hnh nm 2016), nhit in kh (TBKHH v nhit in ngng hi) khong 10.000 MW, nhit in than 4.400 MW, in nguyn t 1.200 MW. Vi chng trnh pht trin ngun in ny, n nm 2020 tng cng sut cc nh my in nc ta l hn 33.000 MW, trong thu in chim 38,4%, nhit in kh 31,6%, nhit in than 13,3%, in nhp khu 12%, in nguyn t 4,2% v a nhit 0,3% m bo p ng nhu cu ph ti mc hn 28.000 MW vi t l d phng khong 23% vo cc thng ma nc v trn 10% vo cc thng ma kh. Trong c cu sn xut in nng nm 2020, thu in chim 32,1%, nhit in kh 34,9%, nhit in than 15,7%, in nhp khu 10,9%, in nguyn t 6,2% v a nhit 0,2%. Tng nhu cu cc loi nhin liu s cp dng sn xut in nng khong 20 triu TOE. Tin a cc cng trnh ngun in vo vn hnh (xem ph lc). 1.2. Phng n ph ti cao i vi phng n ph ti cao (khong 26 t Kwh vo nm 2000, 70,5 t Kwh vo nm 2010 v 201 t Kwh vo nm 2020, tng cng sut cc nh my in xy dng mi t gn 35.000 MW, trong thu in hn 9.000 MW (thu in Sn La quy m 3.600 MW bt u xy dng nm 2012 v hon thnh vo nm 2016), nhit in kh (TBKHH v nhit in ngng hi) khong 10.000 MW, nhit in than 7.400 MW, a nhit 100 MW, trao i lin kt vi cc nc lng ging 4.000 MW v in nguyn t 4.000 MW. Vi chng trnh pht trin ngun ny, n nm 2020, tng cng sut cc nh my in ca nc ta khong 38.600 MW, trong thu in chim 32,9%, nhit in kh 27%, nhit in than 19,2%, in nhp khu 10,4% v in nguyn t 10,4%, a nhit 0,3% m bo p ng nhu cu ph ti mc hn 32.700 MW vi t l d phng khong 19% vo cc thng ma nc v 10% vo cc thng ma kh. Trong c cu sn xut in nng nm 2020, thu in chim 26,6%, nhit in kh 31,3%, nhit in than 19,3%, in nhp khu 9%, in nguyn t 13,6% v a nhit 0,2%. Tng nhu cu cc loi nhin liu s cp dng sn xut in nng khong 27,7 triu TOE. Tin a cc cng trnh ngun in vo vn hnh (xem ph lc). Theo kt qu tnh ton, tu thuc vo phng n pht trin ph ti, quy m cng sut ca cc nh my nhit in than mi s ln ti 4400-7400 MW, tiu th khong 7-8 triu tn than vo nm 2010 v 11-17 triu tn than vo nm 2020. Trong trng hp sn xut than khng m bo cung cp cho sn xut in v cc ngnh kinh t khc, c th phi xem xt n kh nng nhp khu than cho sn xut in t sau nm 2010 tr i. i vi vic trao i v lin kt vi cc nc lng ging, n xem xt nhp khu in t Lo vi quy m ti 1.000 MW n nm 2010 s nng dn ln ti 2.000 MW theo hai hng chnh bg ng dy 500

KV, hng th nht t Nam Lo n Pliku, hng th hai t Trung Lo n H Tnh. Giai on sau nm 2015 c th xem xt nhp in tip t Lo nu bn cn kh nng hoc nhp t Cmpuchia nu bn xy dng cc cng trnh thu in ln (nh Sambo, Stungtreng), hoc t cc cng trnh thu in trn sng MKng ti tnh Vn Nam- Trung Quc trn c s hp tc tiu vng sng MKng (GMS). Quy m nhp khu in giai on ny cng c th ln ti 2.000 MW. Bng vic trao i in vi cc nc lng ging, li in nc ta s c lin kt vi li in cc nc thuc tiu vng sng MKng ni ring v cc nc ng Nam ni chung (xem hinh H.3.3). khi vic vn hnh h thng in s c an ton, tin cy v linh hot v hiu qu hn. Thng qua li in lin kt c th nhp khu thng qua ngun cung cp khng p ng nhu cu v xut khu khi cung vt cu. V quy m cng sut nh my in nguyn t u tin nc ta, theo kinh nghim mt s nc, n kin ngh chn mc 3.000- 4.000 MW. Ngha l ng vi phng n ph ti c s, chn quy m 3.000 MW theo cu hnh (3x600+3x400) MW hoc (2x700=2x800) MW, vi t my u tin vn hnh vo nm 2019 v t my cui cng nm 2022; hoc cu hnh (3x1000) MW vi t my u tin vn hnh nm 2020 v t my th ba vo nm 2022. ng vi mc ph ti cao, chn quy m 4.000 MW theo cu hnh (4x1000) MW vi t my u tin vn hnh nm 2017 v t cui cng vn hnh nm 2020. Nh my in nguyn t, v nguyn tc, lun lm vic y th ph ti ca h thng in, s gi pht cng sut cng ln hiu qu kinh t cng cao (thng cc nh my in nguyn t lm vic vi Tmax=7000 gi/nm hoc cao hn). V vy m bo vn hnh ti u v linh hot giai on ny h thng cn c ngun cng sut ph nh vi quy m khong 5% cng sut ph ti cc i ca h thg in. Do , ng thi vi nghin cu pht trin in nguyn t cn tin hnh nghin cu kho st cc a im c th pht trin cc d n thu in tch nng. Theo tnh ton cng sut ca cc ngun in tch nng n nm 2020 vo khong 1.000 MW. Trong trng hp c kh khn v a im xy dng thu in tch nng, cn phi xy dng cc cm turbin kh ln ph nh. 2. Phng n kh cho in 17 t m3/nm Phng n ny c tnh trn c s kh cp cho sn xut in khong 17 t m 3/nm (trong tng sn lng 20 t m3/nm). Kt qa tnh ton phng n pht trin ngun in ng vi cc phng n ph ti c d kin nh sau: 2.1. Phng n ph ti c s Trong giai on t nay n nm 2020, tng cng sut cc nh my in xy dng mi khong 30.000 MW, trong thu in hn 9.000 MW (thu in Sn La quy m 3.600 MW bt u vo xy dng nm 2012 v hon thnh vn hnh nm 2016), nhit in kh (TBKHH v nhit in ngng hi) khong 14.000 MW, nhit in than 2.900 MW, a nhit 100 MW, trao i lin kt vi cc nc lng ging khong 2000 MW, n nm 2020 cha cn xut hin in nguyn t. Vi chng trnh pht trin ngun ny, n nm 2020, tng cng sut cc nh my in ca nc ta l hn 32.100 MW, trong thu in chim 39,6%, nhit in kh 44,8%, nhit in than 9%, in nhp khu 6,2% v a nhit 0,3%., m bo p ng nhu cu ph ti mc hn 28.000 MW vi t l d phng khong 20% vo cc thng ma nc v 10% vo cc thng ma kh. C cu sn xut in nng nm 2020, thu in chim 32,1%, nhit in kh 50,2%, nhit in than 12,3%, in nhp khu 5,1% v a nhit 0,2%. Tng nhu cu cc loi nhin liu s cp dng sn xut in nng khong 20 triu TOE. 2.2. Phng n ph ti cao n nm 2020, tng cng sut cc nh my in xy dng mi gn 35.000 MW, trong thu in hn 9.000 MW (thu in Sn La quy m 3.600 MW bt u vo xy dng nm 2012 v hon thnh vn hnh nm 2016), nhit in kh (TBKHH v nhit in ngng hi) khong 14.000 MW, nhit in than 5.400 MW, a nhit 100 MW, trao i lin kt vi cc nc lng ging 4.000 MW v in nguyn t 2000 MW. Vi chng trnh pht trin ngun ny, n nm 2020 tng cng sut cc nh my in nc ta khong 28.600 MW, trong thu in chim 32,9%, nhit in kh 37,3%, nhit in than 14%, in nhp

khu 10,4%, in nguyn t 5,2% v a nhit 0,3%., m bo p ng nhu cu ph ti mc hn 32.700 MW vi t l d phng khong 19,4% vo cc thng ma nc v 10% vo cc thng ma kh. Trong c cu sn xut in nng nm 2020, thu in chim 26,6%, nhit in kh 42,5%, nhit in than 14,9%, in nhp khu 9%, in nguyn t 6,8% v a nhit 0,2%. Tng nhu cu cc loi nhin liu s cp dng sn xut in nng khong 26 triu TOE. 3. D kin pht trin ngun in 2001-2005 p ng yu cu ph ti vo nm 2005 d kin k hoch pht trin ngun in 2000-2005, sau khi xem xt mt s nh my ca k hoch 1996-2000 chm tin a vo sn xut phi li li t 1-2 nm nh sau: Cng sut (MW) 1150 Thu in Ialy t 1, 2 2 x 180 Phn turbin kh 1 t 1, 2, 3 3 x 240 Thu in Sng Hinh 2 x 35 2001 1085 Nhit in Ph Li 2 2 300 Thu in Ialy t 3, 4 2 180 Thu in Hamg Thun- a Mi 475 ui hi Ph M 1 370 2002 1019 ui hi B Ra 306-2 56 ui hi Ph M 2-1 143 Nhit in Na Dng 2 50 Ph M 2-2 720 2003 1032 Thu in Cn n 72 ui hi Ph M 2-1 M rng 140 Nhit in Cao Ngn 2 x 50 Turbin kh hn hp Ph M 3 720 2004 600 Nhit in Mn t 1 300 Nhit in Ung B M rng 300 2005 1090 Nhit in Mn t 2 300 Turbin kh hn hp C Mau 1 360 Thu in i Ninh 2 x 150 Thu in Ro Qun 80 a nhit 50 Tng cng sut d kin vo vn hnh 2001-2005 l 4826 MW, cc nh my c ngun vn vay ODA ca Nht Bn, Hn Quc hoc vay c vn ca Chnh ph nh: Nh my in Ph Li 2 Nh my T Ialy Nh my T Hm Thun- a Mi Nhit in Ph M 1 Nhit in Mn Thu in i Ninh ui hi 306 t 2 B Ra ui hi Ph M 2-1 - Cc nh my in BOT trong nc, BOT nc ngoi: Ph M 2, Ph M 3, Cn n. - Cc nh my cha r ngun vn, hoc ngnh than xy dng cng cha r ngun vn nh: Nhit in Cao Ngn Nhit in Na Dng Nhit in Ung B m rng Thu in Ro Qun Nm 2000 Tn ngun

ui hi Ph M 2-1 m rng Turbin kh C Mau (N ENRON)

Nh vy, ngun in chc chn vo sn xut c 2001-2005 ch l 3696 MW, gm cc nh my in ca EVN v BOT trong nc v nc ngoi. Mt s kin ngh v Tng s pht trin in giai on V - Thnh lp U ban nng lng quc gia nghin cu chnh sch s dng nng lng quc gia. - Tng gi in ln 7 US cents/Kwh vo nm 2001. - Dng vn vay u i cho d n in (vay ODA, vay trong nc). - Cp vn Ngn sch xy dng li in vng su, vng xa khi d n vay vn khng c hiu qu kinh t, ch c hiu qu x hi.
Ngun: V Cng nghip - B K hoch v u t

Thng 8/2009: Sn lng in tiu th tng 20,95%

08:50 05/9/2009 (InfoTV) - Thng 8/2009, sn lng in tiu th trung bnh ca ton h thng l 261,5 triu kWh/ngy, tng 20,95% so cng k 2008 (thng 8/2008 l 216,2 tr.kWh/ngy). Theo , sn lng ngy cao nht t 274,57 triu kWh (ngy 25/8) tng 19,08% so vi ngy cao nht thng 8/2008 (230,56 triu kWh). Cng sut cao nht l 13.952 MW (ngy 20/8), tng 24,35% so vi thng 8/2008 (11.220MW). Ring min Bc, sn lng ngy cao nht t 112,14 triu kWh (ngy 4/8), tng 18,04% so vi ngy cao nht thng 8/2008 (95 tr.kWh) v cng sut cao nht t 5.929 MW (ngy 20/8), tng 26,52 % so vi thng 8/2008 (4.686 MW). in do Tp on in lc Vit Nam (EVN) sn xut v mua t cc nh my bn ngoi EVN trong thng 8/2009 c t 7,804 t kWh, tng 18,03% so vi thng 8/2008, trong in sn xut l 5,523 t kWh, in mua ca cc nh my ngoi EVN l 2,28 t kWh, mua ca Trung Quc l 356 triu kWh. Ly k 8 thng u nm 2009, in do EVN sn xut v mua t cc nh my bn ngoi EVN l 54,904 t kWh, tng 11% so vi cng k nm trc, trong , in sn xut ca EVN l 36,961 t kWh, in mua ca cc nh my ngoi EVN l 17,943 t kWh, mua Trung Quc l 2,549 t kWh. Trong thng 9/2009, EVN cng d bo sn lng trung bnh mc 260 triu kWh/ngy, cng sut max khong 13.80014.100 MW. Trong thng 9/2009 tng cng sut d phng ca h thng in khng cao do c sa cha mt s t my (ton b nh my in Ph M 3, t my GTT11 nh my in Ph M 1, t my S1 nh my in Hip Phc...) v ngng cp kh Nam Cn Sn t ngy 17 23/9/2009. Mc tiu vn hnh h thng in thng 9/2009 l tip tc p ng nhu cu in cho sn xut v sinh hot, m bo cp in an ton cho ngy Quc khnh 2-9. Cc nh my thu in khai thc ti a trong giai on ct kh Nam Cn Sn (t 17 - 23/9), huy ng cao thu in Ho Bnh, cc thu in min Trung v min Nam. Khai thc nhit in than, kh, nhit in du theo tnh hnh nc v ph ti, ng thi sn sng ng ph vi cc tnh hung c th xy ra trong ma ma bo. Hi Yn

V sao phi ct in lun phin?

Ct in lin tip nh hng n sinh hot ca ngi dn.
T NGUYN, http://vneconomy.vn/20100617120012567p0c9920/vi-sao-phai-cat-dien-luan-phien.htm
14:06 (GMT+7) - Th Nm, 17/6/2010

Tp on in lc Vit Nam (EVN) cho bit, tnh trng ct in c th cn din ra trong nhiu ngy ti bi ngun cung ang rt cng thng. Theo EVN, do thi tit nm nay c nhiu bt thng, nng nng v hn hn ko di nn ngun nc lun mc bo ng. Bn cnh , do phi kt hp sa cha ng dy, m bo an ton mng li nn trong thi gian ti tnh trng ct in lun phin ti nhiu a phng trn c nc l khng trnh khi. Ct in trn lan

T hn mt thng nay, tnh trng ct in xy ra trn din rng, khng ch cc th ln c mc tiu th qu ti m khp cc khu vc nng thn t cc tnh min Trung t H Tnh tr ra n cc tnh Bc B nh Thi Bnh, Nam nh, Hng Yn... u phi chu cnh thp n du, dng qut giy. Khng nhng th, ngoi nh hng n sinh hot hng ngy, do in b ct lin tc, c cch mt ngy li tip din, c ni ct lin tc trong mt tun lin, nn hot ng sn xut, kinh doanh ca nhiu doanh nghip v ngi dn b nh hng nghim trng. Trong khi ti H Ni, tnh trng ct in trn din rng trong nhiu ngy tng t nh h nm 2005 li ti din. Hu ht cc khu vc ni, ngoi thnh u b ct in t 6 ting/ngy, thm ch c nhiu khu vc 12 ting/ngy. Trong ngy hm qua (16/6), tnh trng nhiu tuyn ng, khu vc nh Cu Giy, Hon Kim, ng a v cc trc ng ln nh Hong Quc Vit, Lng, B Triu, Ph Hu... u phi chu cnh ct in t sng, tra n chiu ti. Ch V Tuyt Ngn, Lng Thng (ng a) cho bit, u gi sng ln c quan mt in nn cng vic b nh li, nng nng oi bc khng chu c nn lnh o cng ty cho ngh. Th nhng, v nh th c khu vc ny cng u b ct in. Rt cc l c gia nh phi cn rng i thu nh ngh trnh nng. Cng trong ngy hm qua (16/6), khch sn 5 sao Hanoi Daewoo (Kim M, Ba nh) l ni c B Ti chnh chn la lm a im t chc i thoi vi hng nghn doanh nghip trn khp c nc v th tc thu v hi quan. Th nhng, khi hi ngh mi din ra c khong 15 pht th ton b khch sn b ct in, c hi trng nho nhc v ti v nng. Mt lc sau, khch sn ny khc phc bng vic s dng my pht in nhng cng ch cho khong cha y chc bng n chiu sng, cn h thng iu ha, qut in th... tm ngh. Theo kho st ca VnEconomy, trong my ngy qua, nhiu doanh nghip, t chc, c quan trn a bn H Ni phi gin on lm vic hoc cho nhn vin ngh hn v khng c in sut c ngy. V sao phi ct in? T lu nay, li gii thch ca ngnh in mi khi xy ra ct in l do hn hn, thiu nc hay sa cha bo dng ng dy. Bi ca y ngi dn qu quen thuc, nhng v trc y, mt ct khng di c v thi gian ct cng khng di nh my ngy gn y nn t nhiu h cng thng cm c. Th nhng, theo nh gii thch ca Gim c in lc ng a Ng t c, l do phi ct in trn a bn ny l sa cha bo dng ng dy m bo cung ng in trong ma ma bo th c v khng thuyt phc. Nhiu ngi dn thc mc, nu ct in ch v bo dng ng dy (khng phi v thiu in) th ti sao ngnh in li chn vo ng nhng ngy nng nng nht lm vic trn. Ch nh ngnh in li khng bit rng, thi tit thng 6, thng 7 th nng hn nhiu so vi nhng thng u nm, mt cn b hu tr trn ng Hong Quc Vit thc mc. Cn theo gii thch ca ng Nguyn Vn Thnh, Gim c Cng ty Thy in Ha Bnh, vi VnEconomy trong sng nay cn c v lt tai hn. Theo ng Thnh, l do m EVN phi ct in l do cc h thy in hin nay thiu nc nghim trng. Hin mc nc h Ha Bnh tnh n ngy 17/6 ch mc 81 m, cch mc nc cht 1 m v bng vi mc nc ma kh nm 2005. ng Thnh cho bit, vi mc nc trn, cng ty phi cho dng chy nhiu t my, mt s t my cn li ch hot ng cm c. Thm ch, trong vi ngy ti khng bit ton b nh my c hot ng c khng. V ny cng cho bit, do thi tit nm nay qu bt thng, khng theo quy lut nh mi nm nn nc hu ht cc sng u cn kit. Bn cnh , do c th ca h thng sng l chy qua c Lo v Trung Quc nn nhiu khi cc c quan chc nng cng khng nm r c. Nhng, theo ng Thnh, ngay c khi nc trn h thng sng ny c c ci thin trong vi ngy ti th cc nh my ca Trung Quc thng ngun h cng khai thc li th trc chng ta nn khng ai dm chc thi im tnh hnh c ci thin.

Hy vng EVN s huy ng thm cc nh my chy du, nhit in v c ngun in ca Tp on Du kh Vit Nam... th mi mong ci thin tnh hnh. Nu ch trng ch vo thy in th tnh hnh kh m ci thin trong thi gian ngn, ng Thnh cho bit. Trong khi , trao i vi VnEconomy, Ch tch Hip hi Nng lng Vit Nam Trn Vit Ngi cho rng, l do n gin dn n ct in trn lan l do ph ti tng qu cao trong nhng ngy nng nng. V ngay c khi huy ng in chy du hay mua bn ngoi th cng khng phc v nhu cu trong nhng giai on nng nng nh hin nay. V th, theo ng Ngi, nu v l thuyt l khng th trch EVN c v h suy cho cng cng ch l mt doanh nghip nn vn phi hch ton l li. Chnh v vy, theo ng Ngi, khc phc c tnh trng trn trong tng lai th cn s vo cuc quyt lit hn ca Chnh ph bi t nhiu nm nay, Vit Nam vn lun trong tnh trng khng c ngun in d phng. Ngay c vic Chnh ph ch o trin khai 13 d n in va qua th theo ng Ngi nhanh nht cng phi mt 5 -7 nm na mi a vo khai thc c nn vic thiu in, ct in c l khng ch dng li trong nm nay.

Lut s dng nng lng tit kim thc thi

(Dn tr) - B KHCN cng b cho ht tiu chun hiu sut s dng nng lng ca sn phm; dn mc hiu sut tiu hao nng lng sn phm khi no lm c tnh kh thi ca d lut S dng nng lng tit kim hiu qu c UB thng v QH m x chiu 15/4. Th trng B Cng thng Hu Ho nhn mnh ni dung quy nh v Chng trnh mc tiu quc gia v s dng nng lng tit kim, hiu qu. Theo , mc ch a vo lut v kh nng Vit Nam c th tit kim 15 - 30% lng in nng tiu th hin nay. ng Ho ly v d, t mc tng trng GDP 6% nh thi gian qua, tng trng in nng ln ti 22%. Nh vy, hn 3 n v tng trng in mi to ra c 1 n v tng GDP l mc tiu ph qu cao trong khi con s trung bnh cc nc ch dao ng 1 - 2%. Mc tng hn 20% ph ti in trong 3 thng u nm 2010 theo ng Ho l s t bin kinh khng, kh p ng. Tuy nhin, ch nhim UB quc phng an ninh L Quang Bnh cho rng khng th ly l do cn thit tit kim in a ni dung Chng trnh mc tiu quc gia vo trong lut. Hin c qu nhiu chng trnh mc tiu quc gia, c nhng x chng cht ti 10 - 11 chng trnh m khng thy hiu qu - ng Bnh kin ngh bc khi d lut ni dung ny v vn thuc thm quyn ca Th tng Chnh ph. ng Bnh cng ph quy nh v vic qun l phng tin, thit b s dng nng lng trong c nhiu iu lut buc dn nhn hiu sut s dng nng lng, nhn tit kim nng lng trn sn phm. Ch nhim UB quc phng an ninh nu bn khon: nh vy c ngha l quy nh ngi tiu dng phi la chn sn phm dn nhn tit kim nng lng? Nhiu loi nhn nh vy bit dn vo u, lm sao chng nhn gi? T ng tnh, ch nhim UB php lut Nguyn Vn Thun cng t vn , n khi no thc hin c vic dn nhn v ngn sch s phi chi bao nhiu tin ca, nhn lc cho vic ny. ng Thun cn bt bnh v mt quy nh bt kh thi: giao cho B KHCN nhim v cng b tiu chun hiu sut s dng nng lng ca sn phm. Mi lnh vc nh giao thng vn ti, sinh hot c hng triu cc loi sn phm khc nhau, mi ngy mt nhiu, ngun gc nhp khu rt ln cng b tiu chun th no cho ? Ph Ch tch QH Ung Chu Lu gt u tn ng: quy nh nh vy khng ph hp vi tnh nng ng ca kinh t th trng v quyn la chn ca ch s hu. Mun hng ngi dn ti vic s dng cng c, phng tin, my mc tiu hao t nng lng nhng khng ch trng n sn xut trong nc th hng ca cc nc tin tin s p o. Th trng Cng thng thanh minh: nhn nng lng ging nh nhn hng ha, ngi sn xut phi t lm, nhn tit kim nng lng cng khuyn khch t lm, nh nc khng tn km g, ch phi m bo vic kim tra, thm nh tnh trung thc.

Vic cng b tiu chun nh mc tiu hao nng lng th th trng Ho xc nhn l nhim v nng n nhng trc mt ch c 8 nhm sn phm tiu th nhiu nng lng nh t, iu ha, t lnh c kho st, ban hnh tiu chun. Ch nhim UB KH-CN&MT ng V Minh th yu cu lm r quy nh c s s dng nng lng trng im (gm c s sn xut cng nghip, n v vn ti, cng trnh xy dng dn dng c mc s dng nng lng ln) phi thc hin kim ton nng lng bt buc. Vic kim ton nng lng cc c s ny s do t chc kim ton nng lng c lp thc hin. Ch nhim UB php lut vn khng giu nghi ngi: Phm vi iu chnh ca lut qu rng nn quy nh ch chung chung, nng v h ho, khng mong g c th hng dn thi hnh cho thc thi. Th trng Cng thng thm mt ln tha nhn nhiu ci kh trong vic xy dng lut ny v qu m, nhiu quy nh ch mang tnh gi , khuyn khch ch khng bt buc nh cc lut khc. Sau tho lun, UB thng v QH thng nht g quy nh v s dng nng lng ti to v Chng trnh mc tiu quc gia v s dng nng lng tit kim hiu qu ra khi d lut. P. Tho

Vit Nam hao ph nng lng gp 2 ln th gii

Th hai, 14/9/2009, 16:20 GMT+7

to ra 1.000 USD GDP, Vit Nam phi tiu tn khong 600 kg du quy i, cao gp 1,5 ln so vi Thi Lan v gp 2 ln mc bnh qun ca th gii. Vit Nam ang ng trc nguy c ph thuc vo nng lng nhp khu.
http://vnexpress.net/GL/Xa-hoi/2009/09/3BA136F2/

Sng nay, y ban Thng v Quc hi nghe bo co t trnh ca Chnh ph v tho lun d n Lut s dng nng lng tit kim v hiu qu. Theo B trng Cng thng V Huy Hong, c thin nhin u i v c gn nh tt c cc ngun ti nguyn nng lng, nhng kh nng khai thc, ch bin v s dng nc ta cn hn ch. Giai on 2010-2020 c th xut hin s mt cn i gia kh nng cung cp v nhu cu s dng cc ngun nng lng ni a, v Vit Nam chuyn t nc xut khu thnh nc nhp khu nng lng, mc ph thuc vo nng lng nhp khu ngy mt tng. B trng Hong cng cho hay, tnh trng lng ph nng lng nc ta rt ln. Hiu sut s dng ngun nng lng trong cc nh my in t than, du ch t 28-32%, thp hn so vi cc nc pht trin 10%; hiu sut cc l hi cng nghip ch t khong 60%, thp hn mc trung bnh ca th gii chng 20%.

Ma h va qua, vic ct cp in thng xuyn, ko di do qu ti khin ngi dn khn n. nh: Hong H.

Theo B Cng thng, cng nng lng trong cng nghip ca Vit Nam cao hn Thi Lan v Malaysia khong 1,5-1,7 ln (tc l lm ra mt gi tr sn phm nh nhau, nc ta phi tiu tn nng lng gp 1,5-1,7 ln). T l gia tng trng nhu cu nng lng so vi tng trng GDP ca Vit Nam ln n 2 ln, trong khi cc nc pht trin t l ny l di 1. B trng V Huy Hong cho bit, tim nng tit kim nng lng trong cng nghip sn xut xi mng, thp, snh s, ng lnh... ca nc ta c th t trn 20%; lnh vc xy dng dn dng, giao thng vn ti c th ln ti trn 30%; khu vc sinh hot v hot ng dch v tim nng tit kim cng khng nh. Chi ph b ra tit kim 1 kWh in nng t hn nhiu so vi chi ph u t sn xut ra 1 kWh trong cc nh my in. Ngoi ra, do hn 80% ngun nng lng nc ta s dng nhin liu ha thch, nhin liu c ngun gc hu c nn qu trnh chy nhin liu ni ring v hot ng nng lng ni chung u l nhng nhn t ln tham gia gy nhim mi trng. "Vic s dng nng lng to ra khong 25% lng pht thi CO2 v khong 15% tng lng kh nh knh. Nu tit kim s dng nng lng cng c ngha l gim thiu tc ng xu n mi trng", ng Hong ni. Ch nhim y ban Khoa hc, Cng ngh v Mi trng ng V Minh cng cho rng, cn thit phi ban hnh Lut S dng nng lng tit kim v hiu qu m bo an ninh nng lng quc gia, bo v mi trng v ng ph vi bin i kh hu... " to ra 1.000 USD GDP, nc ta phi tiu tn khong 600 kg du quy i, cao gp 1,5 ln so vi Thi Lan v gp 2 ln mc bnh qun ca th gii. Ngnh in mi nm phi tng trng n 1415% mi p ng c yu cu tng 6-8% GDP, trong khi bnh qun th gii, tng 1% GDP cng ch tng 1,2-1,5% nng lng tiu th", ng Minh a ra dn chng. V nguyn nhn gy lng ph v s dng khng hiu qu nng lng, theo ng Minh l do cng ngh lc hu; in b ct gim thng xuyn; h thng thit b, ng dy truyn ti mt s khu

vc qu c, cha c thay th; mc tiu s dng nng lng tit kim v hiu qu cha t ra ng tm quan trng; cng tc qun l s dng nng lng cn nhiu bt hp l... Gp v d tho Lut, Ch nhim y ban Vn ha, Gio dc, Thanh nin, Thiu nin v Nhi ng o Trng Thi cho rng, vic tch ri khai thc, sn xut v s dng nng lng l khng hp l. Sn xut phi gn lin vi s dng bi nu sn xut tha th tit kim my cng khng hiu qu. Cng quan im, Ch nhim y ban Php lut Nguyn Vn Thun cho hay, khng nc no c Lut s dng nng lng tit kim m ch l Lut qun l v s dng nng lng hiu qu. "Cch tip cn nh th ny th khng phi. o lut ny c ln ch c ngha g. Nu c th nn gi l Lut Qun l v s dng nng lng tit kim thy c vai tr ca B Cng thng", ng Thun ni. Khng nh vic khai thc v s dng l quy trnh khp kn, Ch nhim y ban Ti chnh, Ngn sch Phng Quc Hin cho rng cn xem xt li phm vi iu chnh ca Lut. "Ti k vng d n lut ny s gii quyt c nhiu vn nhng c th thy c nhiu im chung chung, tng rng l chng trnh quc gia v tit kim nng lng ch khng phi l lut", ng Hin by t. ng gc ngi dn, Trng ban Dn nguyn Trn Th Vng cho bit, ai cng mong mun s dng nng lng hiu qu trong khi tnh trng khai thc ti nguyn khong sn ca chng ta hin nay rt lng ph. "Ngnh in thiu in nn ct, ngi dn dng t in cng tit kim nhng tnh hiu qu th cha chc c. Hao ph trn ng truyn ti ht vo gi in cho ngi dn. c phi l lng ph khng? Nu ch khoanh li trong phm vi s dng th khng tha ng", ng Vng cho bit thm. Theo d n Lut, Nh nc khuyn khch, to iu kin thun li cc t chc, c nhn tham gia s dng nng lng tit kim v hiu qu trong mi lnh vc ca i sng kinh t x hi v mc tiu bo v mi trng v pht trin bn vng; y mnh nghin cu pht trin v s dng nng lng ti to... Cc phng tin, thi b s dng nng lng s c qun l cht ch tng bc nng cao hiu sut s dng nng lng thng qua hot ng dn nhn tit kim nng lng. Tin ti loi b dn cc trang thit b, cng ngh tiu tn nng lng. Chuyn giao cng ngh s dng nhin liu ti sinh, nhin liu sinh hc trong giao thng vn ti... Bn cnh vic khuyn khch ngi dn s dng nng lng tit kim v hiu qu, d n Lut cng ch r, cc c quan, t chc s dng ngn sch Nh nc phi xy dng phng n tit kim nng lng, bo co tnh hnh tiu th hng nm... Tin Dng

Tp on kinh t - "th phm" chnh phung ph in,

(GMT+7)

22:29' 23/06/2009

- lm ra mt tn thp, cc nh my ca Vit Nam tiu th nng lng gn gp ba ln mc tiu hao nng lng trung bnh ca th gii. Gia lc chng ta ang phi n ong in tng ngy,

th s phung ph trn li ang xy ra mi ngnh kinh t t sn xut cng nghip, xy dng dn dng cho n giao thng vn ti Ngn in gn gp i khu vc Theo tnh ton ca B Cng Thng, tng c 1 ng GDP, nhu cu nng lng ca Vit Nam phi tng trng gp i, trong khi t l tng ng ca cc nc pht trin cha ti mt. Con s cho thy, d nn kinh t nc ta ang phi gng mnh v thiu nng lng m in hnh l in th cc nh sn xut li qu phung ph. Theo ng Nguyn nh Hip, Ph V trng V Khoa hc v Cng ngh, B Cng Thng, so vi th gii, hiu sut s dng nng lng trong sn xut cng nghip ca Vit Nam rt thp. C th, hiu sut s dng nng lng trong cc nh my in t than, du ch t 28-32%, thp hn 10% so vi cc nc khc, hiu sut ca cc l hi cng nghip cng ch t khong 60% thp hn mc trung bnh ca th gii khong 20%... Nng lng tiu hao cho mt n v sn phm cc ngnh cng nghip chnh ca Vit Nam cng cao hn nhiu nc pht trin, nht l trong cng nghip thp v xi mng. Chng hn lm ra 1 tn thp t nguyn liu qung, cc nh my Vit nam cn ti 13 triu Kcal, gp 3 ln mc tiu hao nng lng ca th gii. Thm ch, ch so snh vi hng xm, cng nng lng trong cng nghip ca Vit Nam cao hn Thi Lan v Malaysia t 1,5-1,7 ln. Nh vy lm ra cng mt gi tr sn phm nh nhau, sn xut cng nghip ca ta ngn nng lng gn gp i. ng ni l i tng ny li tiu th ti 50% lng in thng phm v phn ln cc ngun nng lng khc. Trc nay, c cch hiu sai v tit kim nng lng khi c cho rng li ti chiu sng, ti thy chnh cc tp on kinh t, doanh nghip mi l cc th phm phung ph in nht, TS. Nguyn Vn Khi, Gim c Trung tm T vn tit kim nng lng khng nh. Hiu sut thp v cng ngh lc hu D hi t gn nh cc ngun nng lng nhng vi tc khai thc, s dng lng ph nh hin nay cng thm nhu cu nng lng tng 8%/nm, B Cng Thng d bo c th ngay trong giai on 2010-2020, Vit Nam s chuyn thnh nc nhp khu v ph thuc nng lng nhp khu. Gii php khng tn km, c th thc hin ngay l tit kim nng lng bi theo tnh ton ca B Cng Thng, chi ph b ra tit kim 1kWh in nng thp hn nhiu chi ph u t sn xut ra 1kWh in. D a tit kim nng lng trong sn xut li cn rt nhiu. Xi mng, thp, snh s, ng lnh, hng tiu dng, c th tit gim trn 20%, xy dng dn dng, giao thng vn ti c th gim lng ph nng lng n trn 30% Th nhng tr v t chuyn i kho st cc tnh v hng lot khu cng nghip tun trc, TS. Nguyn Vn Khi tht vng cho bit tnh trng phung ph nng lng trong sn xut din ra rt ph bin bi ro cn t duy t chnh cc doanh nghip. Ti n 1 nh my ang phi tr ti 75 triu tin in/thng, ti c th ch ra cch ci tin tit kim 1-2 triu tin in/ngy. Nhng h khng thc hin v cho rng my mc thit b mua khng th b c, nh xng xy xong khng mun sa, ng Khi than phin. Theo ng Khi, bn cnh nhng bt hp l trong kin trc, t chc sn xut, s dng thit b khin tht thot

nng lng, vic s dng cng ngh lc hu, tiu hao nhiu nng lng l l do c bn. Theo mt thng k cha y , c n 50-60% doanh nghip ang s dng cng ngh i c bao gm c nhng dy chuyn mi mua nhng thc t lc hu v mt cng ngh. Ti cho rng ci ct yu l i mi ngay t t duy nhp khu mua my mc, thit b. Cc doanh nghip nh mnh thng tham r m qun rng tit kim c mt ng trc mt l lng ph hng ngn ng v sau, ng Khi cnh bo. y l khuyn co rt cn thit trong bi cnh khng t doanh nghip Vit Nam ang ua nhau nhp my mc, thit b v cng ngh gi r nhng hao xng, tn in v nhim mi trng t Trung Quc. Cc nh my xi mng, thp gn y vn cn l nhng v d ti nguyn v ci s r m t ny. Phan Hng