S GIO DC & O TO H NI CHNH THC

K THI CHN HC SINH GII THNH PH LP 12 Nm hc 2011-2012 Mn thi: Ho hc Ngy thi: 18 10 2011 Thi gian lm bi: 180 pht ( thi gm 2 trang)

Cu I (2,5 im) 1/ n cht X dng bt mu , khi un nng X vi HNO3 c to ra cht kh T mu nu v dung dch Z. Tu theo lng NaOH cho vo dung dch Z ngi ta thu c mui Z 1, Z2 hoc Z3. Cho kh T tc dng vi dung dch KOH thu c dung dch cha 2 mui. X l cht g? Vit cc phng trnh ho hc. 2/ Kh CO2 tan trong nc to thnh dung dch axit cacbonic, khi tn ti cc cn bng CO2(kh) + H2O(lng) H2CO3 (dung dch) (1) H2CO3 (dung dch) H+ + HCO3(2) HCO3H+ + CO32(3) Lng CO2 (ho tan) thay i nh th no trong cc trng hp sau (c gii thch) a) un nng dung dch trn. b) Thm dung dch HCl vo dung dch trn. c) Thm dung dch NaOH vo dung dch trn. 3/ Cho a mol photphin vo mt bnh kn c dung tch khng i. Nng nhit ln 6410C, phn ng ho hc xy ra theo phng trnh : 4PH3(k) P4(k) + 6H 2(k). Khi phn ng t trng thi cn bng, khi lng mol trung bnh ca hn hp kh l 21,25 g/mol v p sut bnh phn ng l P. Tnh P bit phn ng trn c hng s cn bng KC l 3,73.10-4. Cu II (2,75 im) 1/ Ho tan hon ton m gam bt nhm trong dung dch cha HCl v HNO3 thu c 3,36 lt hn hp Y gm hai kh khng mu, dung dch cn li ch cha mui ca cation Al3+. em ton b lng hn hp kh Y trn vi 1 lt oxi thu c 3,688 lt hn hp gm 3 kh. Bit th tch cc kh u o iu kin tiu chun v khi lng ca hn hp kh Y nh hn 2 gam. Tm m. 2/ Cho 38,6 gam hn hp X gm Fe(NO3)2 v FeCO3 vo mt bnh khng cha kh. Nung bnh in khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c 9,24 lt (ktc) hn hp kh Y gm ba cht kh v cht rn Z. a) Vit cc phng trnh ho hc v tnh khi lng mi cht trong hn hp X. b) Nu cho ton b lng Z tc dng vi lng d kh CO nung nng thu c cht rn G, ho tan G trong dung dch HBr d ri c cn c cht rn khan T, Cho T tc dng vi dung dch H 2SO4 c nng d thu c V lt kh SO2 (ktc) l sn phm kh duy nht. Vit cc phng trnh ho hc v tnh V. Cu III (3,25 im) 1/ Nguyn t nguyn t R c tng s electron cc phn lp s l 7. a) Vit cu hnh electron nguyn t ca R, Xc nh tn nguyn t R. b) Vi R c phn lp 3d bo ho, ho tan hon ton m gam mt oxit ca R trong dung dch H2SO4 c, nng sinh ra 0,56 lt (ktc) kh SO2 l sn phm kh duy nht. Hp th ton b lng kh SO2 trn vo 2 lt dung dch KMnO4 thu c dung dch T (coi th tch khng thay i). - Vit cc phng trnh ho hc v tm m. - Bit lng KMnO4 phn ng va , tnh nng mol/l ca dung dch KMnO4 dng. - Tnh pH ca dung dch T. Bit axit H2SO4 c Ka1 = ; Ka2 = 10-2. 2/ Hai nguyn t phi kim X v Y c cc oxit thng gp l XO n, XOm, YOm v YO3 ( vi n, m l cc s nguyn dng v u nh hn 3). Hn hp Q gm a mol XO n v b mol XOm c khi lng mot trung bnh l 40 gam/mol. Hn hp R gm b mol XOn v a mol XOm c khi lng mol trung bnh l 32 gam/mol. T khi ca YO3 trn YOm l 1,25. a) Xc nh cc ch s n, m v t s a/b, bit a<b.

b) Xc nh cc nguyn t X, Y v cc oxit ca chng.

Cu IV (4,75 im) 1/ Khi clo ho isopentan (un nng, c chiu sng) thu c hn hp cc dn xut monoclo. a) Vit cng thc cu to cc dn xut monoclo. b) Vit c ch phn ng to ra 2-clo-3-metylbutan. 2/ Vit cng thc cu to cc cht trong s chuyn ho: a) X1(C2H6O) X2 X3 X4 X7 t ca chng khng cha qu 3 nguyn t cacbon.
+Cl2, t0 +KMnO4, t0

X5 X8

X6

X1 X9 (C2H6O).

Bit X1, X2, X3,l cc hp cht hu c khc nhau c th cha cc nguyn t cacbon, hiro, oxi, natri; phn
+KOH c t0 cao, P cao +HCl +(CH3CO)2O

b) A1 bt Fe

A2(o-clotoluen)

A3

A4

A5

A6

Cu V (3,0 im) 1/ Hn hp A gm 2 cht hu c n chc u cha C, H, O. Cho 25,92 gam hn hp A vo 360 ml dung dch NaOH 1M c dung dch B, trung ho lng kim d trong B cn 300 ml dung dch HCl 0,4M thu c dung dch D. Chia D thnh 2 phn bng nhau: Phn 1 em chng ct thu c 4,923 lt ( o 1270C v 1,2 atm) mt ancol duy nht. C cn phn 2 thu c 13,35 gam hn hp 2 mui khan. Xc nh cng thc cu to cc cht trong A v vit cc phng trnh ho hc. 2/ Cht X c thnh phn phn trm khi lng l 63,16% C; 31,58% O cn li l hiro. a) Xc nh cng thc phn t ca X, bit phn t khi ca X bng 152. b) Cht X khng tc dng c vi dung dch NaHCO3. X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH to ra cht Y (cht Y c cng s nguyn t cacbon vi X). Khi cho 2a mol X tc dng vi Na d thu c a mol H2. X c th tham phn ng trng bc. Vit cc cng thc cu to c th c ca X, bit trong phn t X cc nhm chc c gn vo cc nguyn t cacbon lin tip nhau. Cu VI ( 3,75 im) 1/ t chy hon ton 10,08 gam mt cacbohirat X bng O 2. Hp th ht sn phm chy vo dung dch Ca(OH)2 thu c 16 gam kt ta v dung dch Y. Cho dung dch Ba(OH)2 va vo dung dch Y li thu c thm 29,7 gam kt ta. Vit cc phng trnh ho hc, xc nh cng thc phn t ca X, bit phn t khi ca X c gi tr: 252<MX<756. 2/ Hp cht hu c P c cng thc phn t C8H11N tan c trong axit. P tc dng vi HNO2 to ra hp cht Q c cng thc phn t C8H10O. un nng Q vi dung dch H2SO4 c to ra hp cht E (C8H8). Khi un nng hp cht E vi thuc tm thu c mui ca axit benzoic. Xc nh cng thc cu to ca P, Q , E v vit cc phng trnh ho hc. 3/ t chy hon ton m gam cht hu c A cn dng va 15,4 lt khng kh (ktc) thu c hn hp B gm CO2, H2O v N2. Dn hn hp B vo bnh ng dung dch Ca(OH) 2 d thu c 10 gam cht kt ta, sau th nghim khi lng bnh nc vi tng 7,55 gam v thy thot ra 12,88 lt kh (ktc). a) Tm m, bit trong khng kh c cha 20% oxi v th tch, cn li l N2. b) Tm cng thc phn t, vit cng thc cu to v gi tn A. Bit phn t khi ca A nh hn 150 v A c iu ch trc tip t hai cht hu c khc nhau. Cho H = 1; C = 12; N = 14; O = 16; Na = 23; Mg = 24; Al = 27; P = 31; S = 32; Cl = 35,5; K = 39; Ca = 40; Cr = 52; Mn = 55; Fe = 56; Cu = 64; Br = 80; Ag = 108; Ba = 137. -------------Ht-------------(Gim th khng gii thch g thm)

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