N TP HC K 1 MN HA HC 8 PHN 1. NH NGHA, KHI NIM 1) Nguyn t, nguyn t khi, ng.

t ha hc, n cht, hp cht, phn t, phn t khi, hin tng vt l, hin tng ha hc, mol, khi lng mol (M), th tch mol ca cht kh? 2) cho v d? 3) ngha cch vit? 4) p dng lm bi tp. PHN 2. HA TR V BI TP P DNG QUY TC HA TR 1) ha tr l g? 2) p dng: Tm ha tr ca nguyn t Cu trong Cu2O v Cu(NO3)2,. Bit (NO3) (I) 3) p dng: Lp CTHH ca hp cht to bi: a/ Fe(III) v O b/ K(I) v (SO4)(II) PHN 3. NH LUT BO TON KHI LNG V BT P DNG I) Pht biu v gii thch nh lut bo ton khi lng? II) p dng: 1) t chy 16g kh metan CH4 trong bnh ng kh oxi, thu c 44g kh cacbon di oxit CO2 v 36g nc a) Vit cng thc khi lng v tnh khi lng kh oxi cn dng? b) Lp PTHH ca phn ng trn v cho bit t l s nguyn t, s phn t ca cc cht trong phn ng? 2) nhit , ngi ta cho 1,68g st Fe tc dng hon ton vi 0,64g kh oxi, to thnh st t oxit Fe3O4. a) Vit cng thc khi lng v tnh khi lng st t oxit Fe3O4 to thnh ? b) Lp PTHH ca phn ng trn v cho bit t l s nguyn t, s phn t ca 2 cp cht (ty chn) trong phn ng? 3) t chy 9,2g kim loi natri Na trong bnh ng kh oxi, thu c 12,4g natri oxit Na2O a) Vit cng thc khi lng v tnh khi lng kh oxi cn dng? b) Lp PTHH ca phn ng trn v cho bit t l s nguyn t, s phn t ca 2 cp cht (ty chn) trong phn ng? 4) Phn hy 10kg canxi cacbonat CaCO3, thu c kh cacbon di oxit CO2 v 5,6kg canxi oxit CaO.
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a) Vit cng thc khi lng v tnh khi lng kh CO2 thu c? b) Lp PTHH ca phn ng trn v cho bit t l s nguyn t, s phn t ca cc cht trong phn ng? 5) t chy hon ton 1,56g kim loi kali K trong bnh cha 0,32g kh oxi, thu c Kali oxit K2O a) Vit cng thc khi lng v tnh khi lng kali oxit K2O thu c ? b) Lp PTHH ca phn ng trn v cho bit t l s nguyn t, s phn t ca 2 cp cht (ty chn) trong phn ng? PHN 4. LP PTHH V NGHA CA PTHH CU 1. Lp PTHH ca cc phn ng sau: 1) ?K + ? 2K2O 2) 4Na + ? ?Na2O 3) ?Li + O2 ?Li2O 4) ?KOH + FeCl2 Fe(OH)2 + ? 5) 4Al + ? ?Al2O3 6) ?NaOH + MgCl2 Mg(OH)2 + ? 7) ? + Cl2 CuCl2 8) ? + ?Cl2 2FeCl3 9) Na2CO3 + ? ?NaCl + H2O + 10) H2SO4 + 2KOH K2SO4 + ?

CO2

CU 2. Lp PTHH v cho bit t l s nguyn t, s phn t ca cc cht trong cc phn ng sau: 1) Fe + Cl2 - - -> FeCl3 2) Cu + O2 - - -> CuO 3) K + H2O - - -> KOH + H2 4) KOH + CuCl2 - - -> Cu(OH)2 + KCl 5) Al + O2 - - -> Al2O3 6) Na2O + H2O - - -> NaOH 7) K2O + H2O - - -> KOH 8) Ba + H2O - - -> Ba(OH)2 + H2 9) Zn(OH)2 + HCl - - -> ZnCl2 + H2O 10) NaOH + ZnCl2 - - -> Zn(OH)2 + NaCl 11) SO3 + H2O - - -> H2SO4 12) CO2 + H2O - - -> H2CO3 13) HCl + NaOH - - -> NaCl + H2O 14) MgO + HNO3 - - -> Mg(NO3)2 + H2O 15) Al + CuO - - -> Al2O3 + Cu
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CU 3. Lp PTHH v cho bit t l s nguyn t, s phn t ca 2 cp cht (ty chn) trong cc phn ng sau: 1) Al + HCl - - -> AlCl3 + H2 2) Fe + O2 - - -> Fe3O4 3) P2O5 + H2O - - -> H3PO4 4) Na + H2O - - -> NaOH + H2 5) Fe + HCl - - -> FeCl2 + H2 6) NaOH + CuCl2 - - -> Cu(OH)2 + NaCl 7) Zn + HCl - - -> ZnCl2 + H2 8) H2SO4 + Al(OH)3 - - -> Al2(SO4)3 + H2O 9) BaCl2 + H2SO4 - - -> BaSO4 + HCl 10) Ba(NO3)2 + Na2SO4 - - -> BaSO4 + NaNO3 11) HCl + Cu(OH)2 - - -> CuCl2 + H2O 12) Fe3O4 + H2 - - -> Fe + H2O 13) C + O2 - - -> CO2 14) CaCO3 - - -> CaO + CO2 15) Zn + Cl2 - - -> ZnCl2 PHN 5. CC CNG THC v BI TON HA HC N GIN 1) Bit khi lng (m), tnh c s mol (n)
n= m M

Vd:

Tnh s mol ca 28g st Fe Tnh s mol ca 4,9g H2SO4

2) Bit s mol (n), tnh c khi lng (m) m = n.M Vd: Tnh khi lng ca 0,25mol nc H2O Tnh khi lng ca 0,2mol Na2CO3 3) Bit s mol ca cht kh (n), tnh c th tch cht kh (V) ktc V = n.22,4 Vd: Tnh th tch (ktc) ca 0,25mol kh CO2 Tnh th tch (ktc) ca 0,2mol kh O2 4) Bit th tch cht kh (V) ktc, tnh c s mol ca cht kh (n)
n= V 22, 4

Vd:

Tnh s mol ca 5,6 lt kh metan CH4 (ktc) Tnh s mol ca 2,8 lt kh clo Cl2 (ktc) BT vn dng kt hp: 1) Tnh khi lng ca 5,6 lt kh oxi O2 (ktc)?
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2) Tnh th tch (ktc) ca 11g kh CO2? 5) Cng thc tnh t khi ca kh A i vi kh B v kh A i vi khng kh
d A/ B = MA MB d A / KK = MA M = A M KK 29

Vd1. Kh CO2, O2 nng hay nh hn kh hidro H2 bao nhiu ln? Vd2. Kh CO2, O2 nng hay nh hn khng kh bao nhiu ln? Vd3. Tnh khi lng mol ca kh A, bit kh A c t khi i vi oxi l 1,375 Vd4. Tnh khi lng mol ca kh A, bit kh A c t khi i vi khng kh l 2,207 6) Cng thc tnh thnh phn %, khi bit khi lng v ngc li
%A = mA 100% mhc % A.mhc 100%

=> mA =

Vd. Tnh thnh phn % v khi lng cc nguyn t trong hp cht Na2CO3 PHN 6. CC LOI BI TON HA HC IN HNH 1) Bi ton tnh thnh phn % v khi lng cc nguyn t CC BC GII C BN Bc 1. Tnh khi lng mol ca hp cht cho. Bc 2. Suy ra s mol nguyn t ca mi nguyn t c trong 1 mol cht. Bc 3. Tnh thnh phn % khi lng cc nguyn t trong hp cht cho. BT1. Tnh thnh phn % v khi lng cc nguyn t trong hp cht K2CO3; CuO; Cu(NO3)2; HCl; ZnCl2; CH4; CO2; H2O BT2. Tnh thnh phn % v khi lng cc nguyn t trong hp cht FeCl3; NaOH; Al(NO3)2; K2O; ZnO; Al2O3; Ba(NO3)2; Na2SO4; BaSO4; NaNO3 2) Bi ton tm CTHH ca hp cht CC BC GII C BN Bc 1. Tnh khi lng ca mi nguyn t trong 1 mol cht cho.
mA = % A.mhc 100%

Bc 2. Tnh s mol nguyn t ca mi nguyn t trong 1 mol cht.

n= m M

Bc 3. Suy ra t l s nguyn t ca mi nguyn t c trong 1 phn t cht Bc 4. Vit thnh CTHH BT1: Tm CTHH ca hp cht A c thnh phn cc nguyn t l 71,43%Ca; 28,57%O. bit hp cht A c khi lng mol l 56 g.

BT2. Tm CTHH ca hp cht A c thnh phn cc nguyn t l 2,04%H; 32,65%S; 65,31%O. bit hp cht A c khi lng mol l 98 g. BT3. Tm CTHH n gin ca mt loi lu hunh oxit. Bit rng trong oxit ny c 2 g lu hunh kt hp vi 3 g oxi. BT4. Mt hp cht kh c thnh phn % theo khi lng cc nguyn t l 75%C v 25%H. Tm CTHH ca hp cht. bit hp cht ny c t khi i vi kh hidro l 8. BT5. Hp cht A c khi lng mol l 152g, bit thnh phn cc nguyn t l 36,84%Fe; 21,05%S v 42,11%O. Tm CTHH ca hp cht A? 3) Bi ton tnh theo PTHH CC BC GII C BN Bc 1. Tnh s mol ca cht cho
n= m M

hoc n =

V 22, 4

Bc 2. -Vit PTP (nh cn bng PT) -Lp t l mol ca phng trnh -in s mol bit vo phng trnh -Suy ra s mol cc cht cn li ca phng trnh Bc 3. Tnh theo yu cu ca bi -tnh khi lng (m): m = n.M -tnh th tch cht kh (V) ktc: V = n.22,4 BT1. Cho s phn ng sau: Na + O2 - - -> Na2O a) Hy lp PTHH ca P b) Nu c 4,6 g natri tham gia P th cn dng bao nhiu lt kh oxi O2 ( ktc)? c) Tnh khi lng Na2O to thnh? BT2. Cho s phn ng sau: Zn + HCl - - -> ZnCl2 + H2 a) Hy lp PTHH ca P b) Nu c 13 g km tham gia P th cn dng bao nhiu gam axit clohidric HCl ? c) Tnh th tch kh hidro sinh ra (ktc)? BT3. St tc dng vi axit clohidric HCl theo s phn ng sau: Fe + 2HCl FeCl2 + H2 Nu c 1,12 g st tham gia phn ng, em hy tm: a) Th tch kh hidro thu c (ktc)? b) Khi lng axit clohidric cn dng?
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BT4. t chy hon ton 5,6 lt kh metan CH4 trong khng kh, phn ng xy ra theo s sau: CH4 + O2 - - -> CO2 + H2O a) Hy lp PTHH ca P? b) Tnh th tch kh oxi cn dng (ktc)? c) Tnh th tch kh CO2 sinh ra sau P(ktc)? d) Tnh khi lng nc to thnh sau P? BT5. Phn hy canxi cacbonat CaCO3 nhit cao, thu c kh cacbon di oxit CO2 v 11,2 g canxi oxit CaO. a) Lp PTHH ca P trn? b) Tnh khi lng CaCO3 cn dng? c) Tnh th tch kh CO2 sinh ra (ktc)? BT6. Phn hy nc H2O, thu c kh hidro H2 v kh oxi O2. a) Hy lp PTHH ca P? b) Nu mun iu ch c 11,2 lt kh oxi (ktc), th phi dng bao nhiu gam nc ? c) Tnh th tch kh H2 sinh ra sau P(ktc)? BT7. Cho 20 g NaOH tc dng ht vi H2SO4, thu c Na2SO4 v H2O. a) Hy lp PTHH ca P ? b) Tnh khi lng H2SO4 dng ? c) Tnh khi lng Na2SO4 sinh ra sau P ? BT8. Cho s phn ng sau: Na + H2O - - -> NaOH + H2 a) Hy lp PTHH ca P b) Nu c 2,3 g natri tham gia P th sinh ra bao nhiu lt kh hidro H2 ( ktc)? c) Tnh khi lng NaOH to thnh? BT9. t chy hon ton 3 g cacbon trong khng kh, phn ng xy ra theo s sau: C + O2 - - -> CO2 a) Hy lp PTHH ca P ? b) Tnh th tch kh CO2 sinh ra sau P (ktc) ? c) Tnh th tch khng kh cn dng, bit oxi chim 1/5 th tch khng kh (cc kh o ktc)?