Cu hi n thi Cu 1: Nhng iu kin lch s x hi hnh thnh t tng HCM. Cu 2: Ngun gc ra i t tng HCM. Cu 3: HCM quan nim th no l vn dn tc.

. Vn dng t tng ca Ngi v vn dn tc trong cng cuc i mi hin nay. Cu 4: T tng HCM v cch mng gii phng dn tc. Cu 5: Nhng quan nim c bn ca HCM v i on kt dn tc. Cu 6: T tng HCM v xy dng Nh nc ca dn do dn v v dn Cu 7: T tng HCM v nhng phm cht o c c bn ca con ngi VN trong thi i mi.

Cu 1: Nhng iu kin lch s x hi hnh thnh t tng HCM. 1. Tnh hnh th gii: Gia th k 19, Ch ngha T bn t t do cnh tranh pht trin sang giai on quc Ch Ngha, xm lc nhiu thuc a (10 quc ln M, Anh, Php, c, B o Nha, Ty Ban Nha, H Lan... dn s: 320.000.000 ngi, din tch: 11.407.000 km2). Bn cnh mu thun vn c l mu thun gia T sn v V sn, lm ny sinh mu thun mi l mu thun gia cc nuc thuc a v cc nc Ch ngha quc, phong tro gii phng dn tc dng ln mnh m nhng cha u ginh c thng li. Ch Ngha T bn pht trin khng u, mt s nc T bn gy chin tranh chia li thuc a lm i chin Th gii 2 n ra, Ch Ngha Quc suy yu, to iu kin thun li cho Cch Mng Thng 10 n ra v thnh cng, m ra thi i mi, thi i qu t Ch Ngha T Bn ln Ch Ngha X Hi, lm pht sinh mu thun mi gia Ch Ngha T Bn v Ch Ngha X hi. Cch mng Thng 10 v s ra i ca Lin X, ca quc t 3 to iu kin tin cho y mnh Cch mng gii phng dn tc cc thuc a pht trin theo xu hng v tnh cht mi. 2. Hon cnh Vit Nam: Trc khi Php xm lc, nc ta l mt nc phong kin, kinh t nng nghip lc hu, chnh quyn phong kin suy tn, bc nhc khin nc ta khng pht huy c nhng li th v v tr a l, ti nguyn, tr tu, khng to sc mnh chin thng s xm lc ca thc dn Php. T gia 1958 t mt nc phong kin c lp, Vit Nam b xm lc tr thnh mt nc thuc a na phong kin. Vi truyn thng yu nc anh dng chng ngoi xm, cc cuc khi ngha ca dn ta n ra lin tip, rm r nhng u tht bi. Cc phong tro chng Php din ra qua 2 giai on: T 1858 n cui Th k 19, cc phong tro yu nc chng Php din ra di d dn dt ca thc h Phong kin nhng u khng thnh cng: nh Trng nh, Chiu, Th Khoa Hun. Nguyn Trung Trc (Nam B); Tn Tht Thuyt, Phan nh Phng, Trn Tn, ng Nh Mai, Nguyn Xun n (Trung B); Nguyn Thin Thut, Nguyn Quy Binh, Hong Hoa Thm (Bc B). Sang u th k 20, x hi Vit Nam c s phn ha su sc: giai cp CN, T sn dn tc, tiu t sn ra i, cc cuc ci cch dn ch t sn Trung Quc ca Khang Hiu Vi, La Khi Siu (di hnh thc Tn Th, Tn Sinh) tc ng vo Vit Nam lm cho phong tro yu nc chng Php chuyn dn sang xu hng dn ch t sn gn vi phong tro ng Du, Vit Nam Quang Phc Hi ca Phan Bi Chu, ng Kinh Ngha Thc ca Lng Vn Can, Nguyn Quyn, Duy Tn ca Phan Chu Trinh, do cc s phu phong kin lnh o. Nhng do bt cp vi xu th lch s nn u tht bi (12/1907 ng Kinh Ngha Thc b ng ca, 4/1908 cuc biu tnh chng thu min Trung b n p mnh m, 1/1909 cn c Yn Th b nh ph; phong tro ng Du b tan r, Phan Bi Chu b trc xut khi nc 2/1909, Trn Qu Cp, Nguyn Hng Chi lnh t phong tro Duy Tn min Ty b chm u Phan Chu Trinh, Hunh Thc Khng, Ng c K, ng Nguyn Cn b y ra Cn o, Tnh hnh en ti nh khng c ng ra. Trc b tc ca Cch Mng Vit Nam v bi cnh th gii , Nguyn Tt Thnh tm ng cu nc, tng bc hnh thnh t tng ca mnh, p ng nhng i hi bc xc ca dn tc v thi i.

Cu 2: Ngun gc ra i t tng HCM. T tng HCM bt ngun t nhng nhn t c bn sau y: 1. Truyn thng lch s vn ha ca dn tc Vit Nam: L ngi con u t nht ca dn tc, T tng HCM bt ngun trc ht t nhng truyn thng tt p ca dn tc; qu hng gia nh. Ch Ngha yu nc Vit Nam: Tinh thn anh hng bt khut trong cng cuc dng nc v gi nc l dng chy xuyn sut lch s, l nhn t ng u, l gi tr tinh thn con ngi Vit Nam, l o l lm ngi, l nim t ho dn tc, l bn sc vn ha to thnh ng lc, thnh sc mnh tn ti v pht trin ca dn tc sut 4000 nm. H 2 (2/1957) HCM khng nh: Dn tc ta c mt lng yu nc nng nn, l truyn thng qu bu ca ta. T xa n nay mi khi T quc b xm lng, th tinh thn y li si ni, n kt thnh mt ln sng v cng mnh m, to ln, n lt qua mi s nguy him, kh khn, n nhn chm tt c l bn nc v cp nc. Truyn thng on kt tng thn tng i: Nhn ngha, thy chung, cu mang m bc, l lnh m l rch, truyn thng ny bt ngun t yu cu chng thin tai thng xuyn ca dn tc. K tha nng cao truyn thng ny trong qu trnh Cch mng, H Ch Minh lun yu cu cn b, ng vin, Nhn dn ta phi thc hin bn ch: ng lng, ng sc, ng tnh, ng minh. Truyn thng thng minh, sng to, cn c, nhn ni: Trong lao ng sn xut v chng xm lc Truyn thng hiu hc, cu tin, ha hp, lc quan yu i: Lun sn sng n nhn nhng tinh hoa vn ha ca nhn loi, nhng t tng bi ngoi, th cu, hp hi, cc oan u xa l vi truyn thng con ngi Vit Nam, Bc H l biu hin sng ng ca truyn thng tt p ny. H Ch Minh tip thu truyn thng tt p ca dn tc bt u t truyn thng qu hng, gia nh. Ngh Tnh, qu hng ngi l mnh t giu truyn thng yu nc, chng ngoi xm, l vng a linh, nhn kit, ni sn sinh nui dng nhiu anh hng dn tc nh Mai Thc Loan (chng nh ng, xy thnh Vn An 722), Nguyn Biu, tng nh Trn, ng Dung, Phan nh Phng, Phan Bi Chu, Phm Hng Thi, Trn Ph; ni c thnh quch, i vc, i hu do H Qu Ly, H Hn Thng xy dng, c di tch thnh Lc Nin do L Li xy dng. L ni con ngi hiu hc: s hc nh mt ngh lun c quan tm, lo lng, hnh din, t ho, lun hng ti s thnh t bng ngh n sch, khoa bng. Ni sinh i thi ho, danh nhn Nguyn Du, t 1635 1901 c 193 ngi u t ti, c nhn, c mt Nguyn Sinh Sc u i khoa ph bng. Truyn thng gia nh: T tng H Ch Minh bt ngun trc ht t truyn thng gia nh bn ni, ngoi, nht l T tng, phong cch ca Nguyn Sinh Sc_ Thn sinh H Ch Minh. Ph bng Nguyn Sinh Sc l ngi b m ci cha, m t nh, nh ngho, thng minh, c ch kin cng, ngh lc qu cm phi thng, khc phc mi kh khn quyt thc hin bng c ch hng ca mnh, chim lnh nh cao ca tr tu, l ngi sng gn gi vi dn, c lng thng dn su sc, ng ch trng da vo dn thc hin mi ci cch Chnh tr, x hi, thng xuyn trn tr con ng cu nc, cu dn, lun lin h vi Phan Bi Chu, Nguyn Thiu Qu, Trn Thu, nhng ngi c t tng yu nc mu i s. H Ch Minh chu nh hng su sc lng v tha, nhn hu, thy chung cn mn ca ngi m, tnh yu thng nhn hu su nng ca ng b ngoi, Tt c nhng nhn cch gn gi, thn thng l tc ng mnh m ti vic hnh thnh nhn cch H Ch Minh t tm b. 2. Tinh hoa vn ha nhn loi:

Tinh hoa vn ha phng ng: Trc ht l Nho gio: H Ch Minh coi trng k tha v pht trin nhng mt tch cc ca Nho gio. l th trit hc hnh ng, t tng nhp th, hnh o, gip i, trit l nhn sinh: tu thn, dng tnh, cao vn ha, o c, l gio, nhn ngha, Tr, Tn, Cn, Kim, Lim, Chnh. Ngi ph phn nhng hn ch, tiu cc ca Nho gio nh t tng ng cp, qun t, tiu nhn, chnh danh nh phn, coi khinh ph n, lao ng chn tay, thu nghip doanh li, Vi Pht gio, ngi tip thu t tng v tha, chn, thin, t bi, cu nn, cu kh, thng ngi nh th thng thn, li sng o c, trong sch gin d, chm lm iu thin (khng ni di, khng t dm, khng st sinh, khng trm cp, khng ung ru,) Pht gio Thin tng vo Vit Nam ra lut chp tc: Nht nht bt tc, nht nht bt thc, thin phi Trc Lm Vit Nam ch trng nhp th gn vi dn chng k th xm lc. Ngi tip thu lng nhn i, hi sinh cao c ca Thin cha gio. Ngi tip thu ch ngha Tam dn ca Tn Trung Sn (dn tc c lp, dn quyn t do, dn sinh hnh phc) Ngi vit: c Pht l ng t bi cu nn cu kh. Hc thuyt ca Khng T c u im l tu dng o c c nhn. Ch ngha Mc c u im l php bin chng. Ch Ngha Tn Dt Tin c u im l chnh sch Tam dn thch hp vi ta. Khng T, Gi Su, Mc, c Pht, Tn Dt Tin chng c nhng u im sao? Cc v y u mu cu hnh phc cho loi ngi, cho x hi. Nu cc v y cn sng trn ci i ny, nu cc v y hp li mt ch, ti tin rng cc v y nht nh s sng vi nhau hon m nh nhng ngi bn thn nht. Ti nguyn l hc tr nh ca cc v y. Tinh hoa vn ha Phng Ty: Xut thn t gia nh khoa bng, t cht thng minh, trnh quc hc, hn hc vng vng, ngi hc hi khng ngng khi bn ba nm chu bn bin, thng thi nhng ngn ng tiu biu cho nn vn minh ca nhn loi, ngi am tng vn ha ng, Ty, kim c, ngi tng trng cho s kt hp hi ha vn ha ng Ty. Nguyn Sinh Sc (1863 1929) 66 tui: m ci cha lc 3 tui, m ci m lc 4 tui, vi ngi anh nh ngho lao ng vt v. ng c c Hong ng (ng ) Hong Tr xin v nui dy cho n hc v g con gi (Hong Th Loan 1868 1901). ng rt thng minh, c ch ln hc hnh vo loi t h trong vng (uyn bc bt nh San, ti hoa bt nh Qu, chng k bt nh Lng, thng minh bt nh Sc: ngha l uyn bc khng ai bng Phan Vn San, ti hoa khng ai snh bng Nguyn Thc Qu, ti gii khng ai qua Trn Vn Lng, thng minh khng ai ch ni Nguyn Sinh Sc). 1883: Xy dng gia nh: 1884 sinh Nguyn Th Thanh (Bch Lin). 1888 sinh Nguyn Tt t _ Nguyn Sinh Khim. 1890 sinh Nguyn Tt Thnh _ Nguyn Sinh Cung 1893 c Hong ng mt. 1894 thi hng u c nhn. 1895 vo Hu thi i khoa khng u. 1896 vo Hu hc Quc T Gim (c nh vo Hu, cuc sng rt kh khn: Khim Cung = Khm Cng = Khng Cm). 1898 thi ln 3 khng u. Thng 8/1900 i lm th k hi ng thi hng Thanh Ha, Hu b Loan sinh con th 4 v mt 22 thng chp. 10 tui, Nguyn Sinh Cung phi chu mt mt qu ln. Tt nm mt mnh b bng b ngi em t m mi sinh th cng m trong tang thng, hng khi, hoa hu trn bn th, trn m. Trong lc b v cc anh ch xa vng, n tng khc su tm khm, ngi i sut i.

5/1901 lo tang cho v con xong, ng vo Hu thi v ln ny u ph bng. Sau my th k mi c ngi t cao nh vy. (Dn mang kn trng, vng lng, c bin ra rc, nhng ng ni (ti u cng chng c ch g cho b con hng xm m b con phi n rc); 200 quan , khng ln i l ly l do v con mi mt, ly tin, ly go chia cho dn ngho lm vn sn xut, c ngi gi c vn n 1945. C ngi gi ng l quan ph bng ng vit: vt d quan gia, vi ng phong dng 1905 sau nhiu ln t chi (1902, 1903, 1904) ng phi vo Hu lm vic triu nh vi chc THA BIN B L (B l lo l nghi, thin vn, bi ton, hc hnh, bnh th) Nht l b li b binh Nh th b h, b hnh Th ba th n b cng Nhc bng b l ly ng ti v. Ngi ta ni: ngi khc vo triu vinh thn ph gia, cn Nguyn Sinh Sc vo lm quan l che thn. C ngi xin theo ng ni: Quan trng th n l, trong chi n l, hu n l 1908 ng b triu nh khin trch v Nguyn Tt Thnh, t tham gia biu tnh chng thu. 1909 Triu nh iu ng i lm tri huyn Bnh Kh: ng thng b huyn ng i (khng mang theo lnh l) dn xp t ai, ng thng phn nn: nc mt khng lo,, ng tm cch th t chnh tr. Gia 1910, Nguyn Tt Thnh ln Bch Kh. ng hi: Con ln y lm g? Con ln tm cha, ng tru mn ni: nc mt khng lo tm, tm cha phng c ch g Sau cha con chia ly lch s cu B i ca hai cha con. Sau ng b Trit hi chc Tri huyn do l l cng vic huyn ng, th t chnh tr, x t a ch T c Quang, nh n hn, sau hai thng hn cht, v hn kin, ng b bt giam, b x nh 100 trm trng, nhng xt khng c th on g nn tha ti. Ba mi (30) nm sng nc ngoi, ch yu Chu u, ngi chu nh hng su rng nhng gi tr vn ha dn ch v cch mng ca phng Ty. Ngi tip thu t tng t do, bnh ng, bc i ca i Cch mng Php ( Khi hc Vinh, Hu, ngi ch tm tm hiu nhng t tng ny, sau ny khi tr li Php 1917, ngi tip thu tn gc nhng phng php ny trong cc tc phm ca cc nh khai sng Php: Mng Teski, Rt x, Vin Tie) Nghin cu Cch mng T sn M 1776, ngi tip thu t tng t do, nhn quyn. Trong tuyn ngn c lp ca M, ngi gia nhp cng on thy th v tham gia cc cuc u tranh ca ch ngha chng T bn (ln u bc vo hot ng chnh tr) Cuc sng, lao ng v hot ng Cch Mng ca Ngi gn lin vi nhng ngi lao ng, giai cp Cng nhn cc nc chnh quc, thuc a mang li cho Ngi tnh yu thng giai cp, yu thng nhng ngi lao ng, nhng ngi cng kh mt cch su sc. Vn dng nhng t tng tin b v Cch mng ca Cch mng Php, M vo cc cuc sinh hot cu lc b Gia c Banh (xut hin lc i Cch mng Php 1789, ngi ta trao i th: t kinh t n chnh tr, vn ha, ngh thut, tn gio, thin vn, a l, thi min, trng ci soong, nui c sn,, siu hnh thuyt mng du, lun hi, Ngi thng li nhng cuc tranh lun sang vn Vit nam, vn thuc a,..) cu lc b Ph Bua (do ng x hi Php t chc, l t chc duy nht bnh vc cc dn tc thuc a): Ngi ph phn Phong Kin Vit Nam, khng nh ph phn ton quyn ng Dng An Be Xa R; Lity. Varen, Thng qua sinh hot phong cch dn ch ca ngi in hnh trong thc tin, l c s hnh thnh chnh kin trong i hi ng x hi Php Tua 1920 v tr thnh ngi Cng Sn. Nh tip thu t tng dn ch Cch mng, phng php, phong cch lm vic khoa hc v c rn luyn trong phong tro CN, sinh hot ng x hi, ng Cng Sn Php, c s du dt ca cc nh vn ha, khoa hc, lch s, tr thc Php nh M Ca Sanh, P.Cuturie, G Mng Mut X, Long Gh, Lion Blum, Nguyn i Quc trng thnh dn v chnh tr, t tng v t chc. 3. Ch ngha Mc L Nin Th gii quan, phng php lun ca t tng HCM

Ch ngha Mc L Nin l nh cao tr tu nhn loi bao gm 3 b phn cu thnh: Trit hc gip H Ch Minh hnh thnh th gii quan, phng php bin chng, nhn sinh quan, khoa hc, Cch Mng, thy c nhng quy lut vn ng pht trin ca th gii v x hi loi ngi. Kinh t chnh tr hc vch r cc quan h x hi c hnh thnh pht trin gn vi qu trnh sn xut, thy c bn cht bc lt ca ch ngha T bn i vi CN, xa b bc lt gn lin vi xa b quan h sn xut t bn ch ngha v s chuyn bin tt yu ca x hi loi ngi t ch ngha t bn ln ch ngha cng sn Ch Ngha x hi KH vch ra quy lut pht sinh, hnh thnh, pht trin ca hnh thi kinh t x hi cng sn ch ngha, nhng iu kin, tin , nguyn tc, con ng, hc thc, phng php ca giai cp CN, nhn dn lao ng thc hin s chuyn bin x hi t ch ngha t bn ln ch ngha x hi, cng sn. Nh vy, ch ngha Mc L Nin vi bn cht Cch mng v khoa hc ca n gip Ngi chuyn bin t Ch ngha yu nc khng c khuynh hng r rt thnh ngi cng sn, ch ngha yu nc gn cht vi ch ngha quc t, c lp dn tc gn lin vi ch ngha x hi, thy vai tr ca qun chng nhn dn, s mnh lch s ca giai cp CN, lin minh cng nng tr thc v vai tr lnh o ca ng cng sn trong cch mng gii phng dn tc, gii phng giai cp, gii phng x hi, gii phng con ngi, bo m thng li cho ch ngha x hi, ch ngha cng sn. H Ch Minh vn ng sng to Ch ngha Mc L Nin vo iu kin c th ca Vit Nam, gii p c nhng vn thc tin t ra, a cch mng nc ta ginh ht thng li ny n thng li khc. 4. Nhng nhn t ch quan thuc v phm cht c nhn ca H Ch Minh: L ngi c u c thng minh sng sut, nng lc t duy c lp, sng to, hc vn uyn bc, nng lc phn tch, so snh, i chiu, tng hp su sc. C s kh cng hc tp, rn luyn nhm chim lnh vn tr thc s ca nhn loi, tip thu kinh nghim, b dy ca phong tro cng sn v ch ngha quc t, phong tro gii phng dn tc. C tm lng yu nc, thng dn, thng yu nhng con ngi cng kh v b bn, mt chin s cng sn qu cm, nhit thnh sn sng hy sinh cho t quc, nhn dn, dn tc v nhn loi. C ch ngh lc kin cng, nhng phm cht c ti luyn quyt nh vic H Ch Minh tip thu, chn lc, chuyn ha, pht trin nhng tinh hoa ca dn tc, thi i thnh nhng t tng c sc c o ca mnh.

Cu 3: HCM quan nim th no l vn dn tc. Vn dng t tng ca Ngi v vn dn tc trong cng cuc i mi hin nay. A. TTHCM v vn dn tc 1. c lp dn tc l quyn thing ling v bt kh xm phm ca mi dn tc: L dn nc n l i tm ng cu nc, nhiu ln chng kin ti c d man ca CN thc dn i vi ng bo mnh v cc dn tc b p bc trn th gii, ngi thy r mt dn tc khng c quyn bnh ng v dn tc mt c lp, t do. Mun c bnh ng dn tc th cc dn tc thuc a phi c gii phng khi ch ngha thc dn. Nn c lp dn tc phi th hin 3 im sau: Dn tc phi c c lp ton din v chnh tr, kinh t, an ninh, ton vn lnh th v quan trng nht l c lp v chnh tr. Mi vn ch quyn quc gia phi do ngi dn nc t quyt nh. Nn c lp thc s phi c th hin cuc sng m no, t do, hnh phc ca ngi dn. V th, nn c lp ca Vit nam phi theo nguyn tc nc Vit nam ca ngi Vit Nam, mi vn v ch quyn quc gia phi do ngi dn Vit Nam t quyt nh, khng c s can thip ca nc ngoi. Quyn c lp, bnh ng dn tc l quyn thing ling, qu gi nht v bt kh xm phm. Khng c g qu hn c lp t do l l sng, l trit l Cch mng H Ch Minh v ca dn tc VIt Nam. cng l ngun c v to ln i vi cc dn tc b p bc, u tranh cho mt nn c lp t do, thng nht t nc, dn ch, m no, hnh phc ca ngi dn. 2. Vn dn tc kt hp nhun nhuyn vi vn giai cp, c lp dn tc gn lin vi CNXH: CN Mc L Nin gii quyt trit vn ny: (vn dn tc lun gn vi vn giai cp, ph thuc vo vn giai cp, v dn tc bao gi cng do mt giai cp i din, quan h ny l quan h li ch, giai cp phong kin v t sn tng i din cho dn tc v gii quyt quan h li ch giai cp v li ch dn tc nhng khng trit , cn nhiu mu thun v d vua quan Nh Nguyn u hng Php, bo v li ch ca dng tc, Php u hng c,) Ngy nay vi tnh cht, c im v a v lch s ca mnh ch c giai cp CN mi c th i din cho dn tc v gii quyt ng n quan h li ch ny. Ch c giai cp CN mi xa b trit nn ngi bc lt ngi, nh xa b tnh trng dn tc ny n dch dn tc khc, gii phng giai cp cng nhn cng l gii phng mi giai tng, x hi khi s phn chia thnh giai cp, mu thun xung t giai cp, v th giai cp CN phi ginh ly chnh quyn, t mnh vn ln thnh giai cp dn tc. H Ch Minh vn dng sng to quan im nu trn ca ch ngha Mc L Nin vo Cch mng gii phng dn tc, Ngi ch r 2 im: Cc nc quc xm lc cp bc thuc a lm cho mu thun gia CN quc v thuc a ni ln gay gt. Gii quyt mu thun ny i hi phi tp hp on kt mi lc lng chng ch ngha quc. Ngy nay ch c giai cp Cng nhn mi c th on kt v lnh o c mi giai tng lm Cch mng gii phng dn tc. cc nc thuc a, ch ngha yu nc, tinh thn c lp dn tc l mt ng lc to ln, y l ch ngha dn tc chn chnh. V th, khi cch mng gii phng dn tc thng li, th ch ngha dn tc nht nh s bin thnh ch ngha quc t (thnh ch ngha Cng sn). V th, nhng ngi cng sn cc nc thuc a phi t nm ly ngn c dn tc v gii quyt vn dn tc theo quan im ca giai cp CN. Nh vy, gii phng dn tc gn lin vi gii phng giai cp CN v ca CM th gii. Ch c ch ngha cng sn mi cu loi ngi em li cho mi ngi, khng phn bit ngun gc, chng tc s t do, bnh ng, bc i tht s. 3. Ch ngha yu nc gn lin vi ngha v quc t: Ch ngha yu nc chn chnh v ch ngha quc t khng i lp m thng nht vi nhau. V th: Mi dn tc phi u tranh ginh v gi c lp cho dn tc mnh ng thi phi ng h cuc u tranh ginh c lp ca cc dn tc khc. y l s gn b gia ch ngha yu nc chn chnh vi ch ngha quc t trong sng, gia tinh thn dn tc t quyt vi ngha v quc t.

Sau cch mng thng 8, tr li nh bo M ly My si v chnh sch i ngoi ca Vit Nam, H Ch Minh khng nh: . . .Vit nam can thip vo cng vic ni b ca cc nc khc, ng thi kin quyt chng li mi m mu, hnh ng xm phm quyn t do, c lp ca Vit Nam, Vi nhng nc xm lc Vit Nam, H Ch Minh lun ch ng tm bin php ngn chn, nu chin tranh xy ra th lun tm cch kt thc chin tranh c li cho 2 dn tc nh to d lun, p lc quc t, ch ng cho bn xm lc rt khi Vit Nam trc khi b tiu dit, Nh vy, H Ch Minh, dn tc v giai cp, quc gia v quc t, c lp dn tc v CNXH gn b thng nht vi nhau, v th, mi ng cng sn phi chu trch nhim trc dn tc ca mnh, Cch mng mi nc phi do ngi dn nc t ginh ly, nhng ngi nu khu hiu: gip bn l t gip mnh, ngi lun quan tm gip CM cc nc Xim, Lo, Campuchia, Trung Quc chng Nht, phi bng thng li ca Cm mi nc m ng gp vo thng li chung ca CM th gii. B. Vn dng vo cng cuc i mi 1. Khi dy CN yu nc v tinh thn dn tc, ngun lc mnh m nht xy dng v bo v t quc: Trong i mi ng ta lun khng nh tip tc vn dng t tng H Ch Minh v quan h gia dn tc v giai cp, dn tc v quc t c lp dn tc v CNXH nhm to ra ngun lc mi pht trin t nc. Trong cn pht huy ti a ngun ni lc, nht l ngun lc con ngi (tr tu, truyn thng dn tc, vn, ti nguyn) kin quyt khng chu ngho hn, thp km, y mnh cng nghip ha, hin i ha vng bc tin ln CNXH. 2. Nhn thc v gii quyt vn dn tc trn quan im ca giai cp CN: H Ch Minh rt coi trng vn dn tc, cao ch ngha yu nc nhng lun vng vng trn lp trng giai cp CN trong gii quyt vn dn tc. ng ta lun khng nh: Giai cp CN Vit Nam l giai cp c quyn lnh o CM Vit Nam t khi c ng . i on kt nhng phi trn nn tng lin minh cng nng tr thc do giai cp CN lnh o. Trong ginh, gi chnh quyn phi s dng bo lc CM ca qun chng chng li bo lc phn CM. Kin tr mc tiu c lp dn tc v CNXH: y l nguyn tc bt bin cn vn dng mi hon cnh. (Phong tro CM th gii c lc t, c lc hu, lc nhn mnh li ch giai cp coi nh li ch dn tc, gn y li gt b li ch giai cp, tuyt i hn li ch dn tc, t b CM, t b CN quc t v sn. ng ta vn khng nh: D Lin X, ng u tan r, th gii bin ng, u tranh giai cp dn tc din ra di nhiu hnh thc khc, nhng khng c bung li quyn li giai cp, nhn mnh li ch dn tc lm suy yu phong tro CM th gii, tan r CNXH, bng pht xung t dn tc, tn gio, lnh th l lm giu cho bn li sng,) Cn chng li quan im cho rng t nc i theo con ng no cng c, khng nht thit c lp dn tc gn lin vi CNXH, CNXH l l tng nhng l khng tng, p ta t b CNXH, a nguyn chnh tr, t b s lnh o ca ng c t do t sn. ng ta khng nh xy dng CNXH v mc tiu "dn giu, nc mnh, x hi cng bng, dn ch, vn minh" khng ch l vn giai cp m cn l vn dn tc, Vit Nam ch c ng CS Vit Nam mi l i biu cho li ch giai cp CN,nhn dn lao ng v dn tc, mi xy dng c khi i on kt thc hin mc tiu nu trn nhng lch lc t tng t hoc hu u tri vi t tng H Ch Minh. 3. Chm lo xy dng khi i an kt dn tc, gii quyt tt mi quan h gia cc dn tc anh em trong i gia nh dn tc Vit Nam: Trong i mi, ng ta ly mc tiu dn giu nc mnh lm im tng ng, ng thi cng chp nhn nhng im khc nhng khng tri vi li ch dn tc (5 ngn tay c ngn di ngn vn, nhng d di vn u hp li ni lng bn tay), ging cao ngn c i on kt dn tc H Ch Minh hon thnh mc tiu trn. H 9 ch r: vn dn tc v i on kt lun c v tr chin lc trong CM Vit Nam. Bc H ch r: ng bo min ni c truyn thng cn c trong CM v khng chin, c nhiu cng trng v vang v oanh lit. Ngi ch th phi chm lo pht trin KT-XH vng dn tc min ni, thc hin n n p ngha vi ng bo. Nhng nm i mi va qua, i sng cc vng dn tc c nhng chuyn bin r rt, song nhn chung cn ngho, kh khn cn nhiu, sp ti phi u t xy dng kt cu h tng, pht trin kinh t hng ha , xa i ngho, nng cao dn tr, o to cn b, chng k th dn tc, t ty dn tc, dn tc hp hi.

Cu 4: T tng HCM v cch mng gii phng dn tc. L h thng cc quan im v con ng cu nc, v t chc lc lng, chin lc, sch lc v nhng nhn t bo m thng li ca CM gii phng dn tc Vit Nam v cc dn tc thuc a khi ch ngha thc dn quc, xy dng mt nc Vit Nam ha bnh thng nht, c lp, dn ch v giu mnh, y l ng gp xut sc nht ca H Ch Minh vo kho tng l lun Mc L Nin V vy c suy tn l anh hng gii phng dn tc. 1. CM gii phng dn tc mun thng li phi theo con ng CM v sn: Trc nhng tht bi v b tc ca cc phong tro chng Php, Nguyn Tt Thnh tm ng cu nc, Ngi nghin cu 3 cuc CM in hnh: CM M 1776, CM t sn Php 1789 v CM thng 10 Nga, Ngi rt ra kt lun: CM Php cng nh CM M u l CM t sn, CM khng n ni, ting l Cng ha dn ch, k thc trong th n tc lc cng nng, ngoi th n p bc thuc a, chng ta hi sinh lm CM th lm n ni, lm sao khi CM ri th quyn giao li cho dn chng s nhiu, th th dn chng khi phi hi sinh nhiu ln, dn chng mi hnh phc. Trong th gii by gi ch c CM thng 10 l thnh cng v thnh cng n ni, ngha l dn chng c hng hnh phc t do bnh ng tht s. Tip xc vi lun cng ca L Nin, Ngi tm thy con ng gii phng dn tc v ch r: Cc quc va xu x thuc a, va lin kt nhau n p CM thuc a; Thuc a cung cp ca ci v binh lnh nh thu cho quc n p CM chnh quc v thuc a. V th giai cp v sn chnh quc v thuc a c chung k th v phi bit h tr nhau chng quc. Ngi v CN quc nh con a 2 vi, 1 vi cm vo chnh quc, 1 vi vn sang thuc a, mun git n th phi ct 2 vi, phi phi hp CM chnh quc vi thuc a. CM gii phng thuc a v CM chnh quc l 2 cnh ca CM v sn, mun cu nc gii phng dn tc khng c con ng no khc con ng CM v sn. 2. CM gii phng dn tc mun thng li phi do ng ca giai cp CN lnh o: Trong cc phong tro chng Php trc 1930 nc ta xut hin cc ng phi, hi, on th nh Duy Tn Hi, Vit Nam Quang Phc Hi, Vit Nam Quc Dn ng, nhng nhng ng ny thiu ng li ng n, thiu t chc cht ch, thiu c s rng ri trong qun chng nn khng th lnh o khng chin thnh cng v b tan r vi cc khuynh hng cu nc theo h t tng phong kin, t sn. T thng li ca CM Thng 10 Nga do ng CS lnh o, ngi khng nh: CM gii phng dn tc mun thng li, trc ht phi c ng lnh o, khng c ng chn chnh lnh o CM khng th thng li. ng c vng CM mi thnh cng, ngi cm li c vng th thuyn mi chy. ng mun vng th phi c CN lm ct. Khng c ch ngha cng nh ngi khng c tr khn, khng c kim ch nam. ng phi xc nh r mc tiu, l tng CNCS, phi tun th cc nguyn tc t chc sinh hot ng theo hc thuyt ng kiu mi ca L Nin. 3. CM gii phng dn tc l s nghip ca ton dn, trn c s lin minh cng nng: CN Mc L Nin khng nh CM l s nghip ca qun chng nhn dn, nhn dn lao ng l ngi sng to v quyt nh s pht trin lch s. Ngi ch trng a CM Vit Nam theo con ng CM v sn, nhng cha lm ngay CM v sn, m thc hin CM gii phng dn tc, gii quyt mu thun dn tc vi quc xm lc v tay sai. Mc tiu l ginh c lp dn tc. V vy CM l on kt dn tc, khng phn bit th thuyn, dn cy, ph nng, trung, tiu a ch, t sn bn x, ai c lng yu nc thng ni s cng nhau thng nht mt trn, thu gom ton lc em tt c ra ginh c lp t do, nh tan gic Php Nht xm lc nc ta. Tp trung mi lc lng trong mt trn chng cng quyn, nhng phi ly cng nng lm gc. y l lc lng ng o, nhng li b 2, 3 tng p bc, l lc lng c tinh thn CM trit nht. * Khc Phan Bi Chu tp hp 10 hng ngi: ph ho, qu tc, s phu, du , hi ng, nhi n, anh s, thng ngn, k lc, bi bp m khng c cng, nng. 4. CM gii phng dn tc cn c tin hnh ch ng, sng to v c kh nng ginh thng li trc CM v sn chnh quc: Khi CN quc xm lc thuc a, CM gii phng dn tc c khuynh hng pht trin, nhng lc quc t CS li nh gi thp CM gii phng thuc a.

Nghin cu lun cng ca L Nin v CM thuc a v xut pht t p bc ca CN quc vi thuc a, H Ch Minh lp lun v nguyn nhn ca CM thuc a : Ngi ng Dng khng c hc, nhng au kh, i ngho v s bo ngc ca CN Thc Dn l ngi thy dy mu nhim ca h; ngi ng Dng s tin b mt cch nhanh chng khi thi c cho php v h bit t ra xng ng vi nhng ngi thy dy ca h.Khng, ngi ng Dng khng cht, ngi ng Dung sng mi. Bn cnh s phc tng tiu cc, Ngi ng Dng sng m v s bng n mnh lit khi thi c n. Ti H V Quc t CS (6/1924): Nguyn i Quc lp lun v vai tr ca CM thuc a: "Vn mnh ca giai cp v sn cc chnh quc gn cht vi vn mnh cc giai cp b p bc cc thuc a. Nc c v sc sng ca rn c TBCN ang tp trung cc thuc a, nu khinh thng CM thuc a l mun nh rn cht ng ui. (CM thuc a nh dp u rn c TBCN). H Ch Minh ch r tnh ch ng ca CM thuc a: Thuc a l mc xch yu nht trong h thng CNQ, trong khi nhn dn thuc a lun c tinh thn yu nc, cm th xm lc, h s vng ln khi thi c n. V vy, nm 1924 Nguyn i Quc khng nh: CM thuc a khng nhng khng ph thuc vo CMVS chnh quc m c th n ra v ginh thng li trc CM chnh quc v khi hon thnh CM thuc a h c th gip giai cp v sn chnh quc phng Ty trong nhim v gii phng hon ton. CM thuc a phi ch ng ginh thng li trc CMVS chnh quc, CM thuc a ch c th da vo s n lc ca nhn dn thuc a, phi em sc ta t gii phng cho ta. 5. CM gii phng dn tc phi c thc hin bng con ng bo lc, kt hp lc lng chnh tr ca qun chng vi lc lng nhn dn: Theo CN Mc L Nin, c nhiu phng php ginh chnh quyn t tay giai cp thng tr. Nhng k th khng bao gi t nguyn giao chnh quyn cho nhn dn. V vy CM mun thng li phi dng bo lc ca qun chng nhn dn ginh chnh quyn. H Ch Minh khng nh: cc nc thuc a, CN thc dn dng bo lc phn CM n p cc phong tro yu nc. CM gii phng dn tc mun thng li th phi dng bo lc CM chng li bo lc phn CM. Bo lc phn CM l bo lc ca qun chng gm lc lng chnh tr ca qun chng v lc lng v trang vi 2 hnh thc u tranh chnh tr v v trang kt hp vi nhau. ginh chnh quyn phi bng bo lc, trc ht l khi ngha v trang ca qun chng. Trong thi i mi, thi i CM v sn th cuc khi ngha v trang phi c s ng h ca CM v sn th gii, CM Nga, thm ch vi CM v sn Php. T tng v CM bo lc gn lin vi t tng v xy dng lc lng v trang c H Ch Minh suy ngh t sm v khi tr thnh ch trng ca ng ti hi ngh trung ng 8 (5/1941), Ngi kt lun: cuc CM ng Dng c kt liu bng khi ngha v trang. Cn c vo tng quan so snh lc lng vo thin thi, a li. H Ch Minh bn ti khi ngha tng phn, m rng cho cuc tng khi ngha to ln ginh chnh quyn trong c nc. T sau Hi ngh trung ng 8, H Ch Minh ch o xy dng cn c a, lc lng v trang, lc lng Chnh tr, chun b tng kt khi ngha. Thng li CM thng 8 chng minh tnh ng n ca TTHCM v con ng bo lc CM.

Cu 5: Nhng quan nim c bn ca HCM v i on kt dn tc. 1. i on kt l vn chin lc, quyt nh thnh cng ca cch mng T tng K khng phi l th on chnh tr nht thi, khng phi l sch lc m l vn mang tnh chin lc. Ngi xc nh on kt l l sinh tn dn tc ta, lc no dn ta on kt mun ngi nh mt th nc ta c lp t do, tri li th nc ta b xm ln T khi ng ra i, on kt theo TTHCM thc s l b phn hu c trong ng li CM ca ng, ch c on kt mi c sc mnh a CM ti thnh cng. CM l cuc chin u khng l, khng tp hp c rng ri lc lng qun chng th s khng th thng li. Ch ngha thc dn thc hin m mu chia tr, vy ta phi on kt mun ngi nh mt, phi thc hin ch ng th mi thnh cng. 2. i on kt l i on kt ton dn Khi nim "dn" ca HCM: "Dn" theo HCM l ng bo, l anh em mt nh. Dn l khng phn bit gi tr, trai gi, giu, ngho. Dn l ton dn, ton th dn tc Vit Nam, bao gm dn tc a s, thiu s, c o, khng c o, tt c nhng ngi sng trn di t ny. Nh vy dn theo HCM c bin rt rng, va c hiu l mi c nhn, va c hiu l ton th ng bo, nhng dn khng phi l khi ng nht, m l mt cng ng gm nhiu giai tng, dn tc c li ch chung v ring, c vai tr v thi khc nhau i vi s php trin XH. Nm vng quan im giai cp ca Mc-Lnin, HCM ch ra giai cp cng nhn, nng dn l nhng giai cp c bn, va l lc lng ng o nht, va l nhng ngi b p bc bc lt nng n nht, c tinh thn cch mng trit nht, l gc ca CM. Vai tr ca dn: HCM ch r dn l gc ca CM, l nn tng ca t nc, l ch th ca K, l lc lng quyt nh mi thng li ca CM. Phng chm: K theo HCM l ai c ti, c c, c lng phng s t quc v nhn dn, tht th tn thnh ha bnh, thng nht, c lp, dn ch th ta tht th on kt vi h. Ba nguyn tc on kt: Mun on kt th phi hiu dn, tin dn, da vo dn, trnh phn bit giai cp n thun, cng nhc, khng nn phn bit tn gio, dn tc, cn xa b thnh kin, cn tht th on kt rng ri. Ngi thng ni: Nm ngn tay c ngn vn ngn di, nhng vn di u hp li ni bn tay. Trong my mi triu ngi cng c ngi th ny ngi th khc, d th ny, th khc cng u l dng di ca t tin ta. Mun K phi khai thc yu t tng ng, hn ch nhng im khc bit gia cc giai tng dn tc, TG. . . Theo HCM, l ngi Vit nam (tr Vit gian bn nc) iu c nhng im chung: T tin chung, ni ging chung, k th chung l CN thc dn, nguyn vng chung l c lp, t do, ha bnh thng nht. . . . giai cp v dn tc l mt th thng nht, giai cp nm trong dn tc v phi gn b vi dn tc, gii phng giai cp cng nhn l gii phng cho c dn tc. Phi xc nh r vai tr, v tr ca mi giai tng XH, nhng phi on kt vi i a s ngi dn lao ng (CN, ND, Tri thc, cc tng lp lao ng khc . . .), l nn, l gc ca K, nng ct l cng nng. 3. i on kt phi c t chc, c lnh o on kt l vn chin lc, sng cn, khng phi l tp hp ngu nhin, cm tnh, t pht, m c xy dng trn mt c s l lun khoa hc. Do phi c t chc, lnh o hon thnh mc tiu c lp dn tc v CNXH. Sau khi tm ra con ng cu nc, HCM lun quan tm ti vic hnh thnh cc t chc tp hp mi lc lng, giai tng cho ph hp vi yu cu ca CM, trong Mt trn Dn tc Thng nht l t chc rng ri nht. y l im khc nhau v c bn so vi mi phong tro chng php trc y. C th : Mt trn Dn tc Phn ng Dng 1930-1931. Mt trn Dn ch ng Dng 1936-1939. Mt trn Vit Minh 1941-1951, Mt trn Lin Vit (Hi Lin hip Quc dn VN) 29.5.1946 (gm nhng ngi yu nc khng ng phi lp lin minh yu nc: Bi Bng on, Hunh Thc Khng). 07-03-51, V-Minh v Lin Hip H hp nht ly tn Lin Vit.

Mt trn T quc Vit nam 09.55 Min Nam Mt trn Dn tc Gii phng min Nam Vit Nam 20.12.1960 ( Nguyn Hu Th ch tch). Lin minh cc Lc lng Dn tc Dn ch v Ha bnh Vit Nam (lut s Trnh nh Tho, ch tch). Chnh ph Cch mng Lm thi Cng ha Min Nam Vit Nam 6-1969 (Kin trc s Hunh Tn Pht, ch tch). Nm 1976, Mt trn T quc VN ( min bc) + vi MT dn tc gii phng MNVN + Lin minh cc lc lng dn tc dn ch & HBVN i hi, thng nht thnh lp Mt trn T quc Vit Nam. Nm nguyn tc xy dng Mt trn: Nn tng l lin minh cng nng Ly li ch ti cao ca dn tc gn vi li ch ca cc tng lp lao ng lm c s. l c lp, thng nht t quc, t do, hnh phc cho ngi dn, dn giu, nc mnh. ng thi quan tm ti li ch chnh ng ca c nhn, b phn, gii quyt tha ng li ch chung v ring. K l lu di, cht ch, thit thc, rng ri, vng chc. K phi gn b vi u tranh, u tranh cng c tng cng on kt, nu cao tinh thn t ph bnh v ph bnh, chng c c, hp hi, on kt mt chiu Mt trn phi do ng lnh o, y l nguyn tc quan trng nht ca K. - ng l thnh vin ca mt trn, nhng l lc lng lnh o Mt trn, l linh hn khi K, ng l ng giai cp CN VN, va l ng ca nhn dn lao ng v ca dn tc VN. - ng va l o c, va l vn minh, ng phi tiu biu cho tr tu, lng tm, danh d ca dn tc. - ng phi l b phn trung thnh nht, c nng lc lnh o, c ng li ng mi xng ng a v lnh o mt trn. ng cn tuyn truyn gio dc, nu gng, ly lng chn thnh cm ha, khu gi tinh thn t gic, c thi tn trng cc t chc on th mt trn, bit lng nghe ngi ngoi ng. Trong ng phi xit cht on kt, ng vin phi bit gi gn s on kt nht tr trong ng nh gi gn con ngi ca mt mnh. 4. on kt dn tc phi gn lin vi on kt quc t on kt trn lp trng giai cp CN ngha l bao hm c on kt quc t, to s thng nht gia li ch dn tc vi li ch quc t, ch ngha yu nc chn chnh gn vi ch ngha quc t trong sng. CM gii phng dn tc v CM XHCN nc ta mun thnh cng i hi phi on kt quc t to sc mnh ng b v tng hp. Thc hin on kt quc t, HCM quan tm on kt cch mng nc ta vi cc phong tro Cng sn v cng nhn quc t, vi cc phong tro gii phng dn tc cc nc trn th gii, cc phong tro u tranh cho ha bnh, dn ch tin b. Ngi c bit ch trng xy dng khi on kt 3 nc ng dng, mt trn VN LO CPC, mt trn nhn dn th gii on kt vi VN.

Cu 6: T tng HCM v xy dng Nh nc ca dn do dn v v dn I. QU TRNH HCM LA CHN V XC LP NH NC KIU MI, NH NC CA DN, DO DN, V DN I.1. Qu trnh HCM la chn cc kiu nh nc Nh nc l cng c m giai cp thng tr s dng bo v li ch ca giai cp mnh, thc hin s thng tr i vi x hi. Ra i tm ng cu nc HCM ch kho st cc loi hnh nh nc, la chn kiu nh nc cho ph hp vi VN. Ngi nghin cu 3 loi hnh thc ng thi. - Nh nc thc dn phong kin y l nh nc xu xa, tn bo nht so vi cc loi nh nc ng thi. V kinh t: Nh nc thc dn phong kin cp bc, v vt thuc a bao gm ti nguyn, sc ngi, sc ca, th trng, lm bn cng ha ngi lao ng, nht l nng dn. N xy dng mt h thng thu kha h khc, ngt ngho nh vo mi tng lp dn c, lm cho cc nc thuc a ngy cng ti tm, ngho nn, lc hu (c v gio dc, khoa hc, k thut, cng ngh, mu dch). V chnh tr: n n p m mu cc phong tro cch mng, yu nc, dn ch; thc hin chnh sch chia tr, tc ot tt c cc quyn t do, dn ch, quyn lm ngi, mng sng ca con ngi khng ng gi 1 ng trinh. Trong khi h ru rao l vn minh, khai ha. Cch thc cai tr l dng sch lnh p t, cng bc, chuyn ch ht sc quan liu. V vn ha: n thc hin chnh sch ngu dn, lm cho dn ti tm, dt nt v b gt ra khi i sng chnh tr, chng cm on nhng t tng yu nc, cch mng t bn ngoi truyn vo. N thc hin chnh sch n dch tinh thn ngi lao ng, kt hp th quyn vi thn quyn nhm lm cho dn ta chp nhn v yn phn vi kip n l lm thu cho ngoi bang. Ngi rt ra kt lun: cn phi p tan b my nh nc kiu ny, thay bng nh nc tin b. - Kiu nh nc dn ch t sn Ngi nhn nhn thy nh nc ny c mt s tin b so vi nh nc thc dn phong kin: nh nc Anh ,Php, M xc lp c cc gi tr dn ch, nhn o th hin trong l tng cch mng t sn l t do, bnh ng, bt i v thc t xy dng c nh nc php quyn v x hi cng dn, dn c hng cc quyn t do v cc quyn cng dn. Tuy nhin nh nc ny c nhng hn ch ln l: nh nc ca mt s t nhng ngi nm t liu sn xut thng tr x hi; tuy n tuyn b v thc hin c 1 s quyn dn ch, nhng l thc hin quyn dn ch khng n ni, dn ch hnh thc khng trit . N vn duy tr i khng giai cp, p bc bc lt v th nht nh cn din ra cch mng x hi. (sang MacXy Paris , sang M Haclem Broclin u cng c k giu ngi ngho). Ngi i n kt lun: CM VN thnh cng s khng la chn m hnh nh nc kiu dn ch t sn nh Anh, Php, M, l 1 vn c tnh nguyn tc. - Loi hnh nh nc X Vit Thng 6/1923 sang Lin X, sau sng v lm vic nhiu ln, ngui chng kin, th nghim rt ra nhng nhn xt v nhng u th ni bt ca nh nc X Vit m cc nh nc khc khng c l: Nh nc ca s ng, n bo v li ch ca s ng . V nh nc thc hin cc quyn dn ch n ni, nhn dn c thc s lm ch x hi. Trong quan h quc t nh nc X Vit thc hin chnh sch cng tn ti ha bnh, ly ha bnh i lp vi chin tranh, nh nc X Vit ng h gip cc cuc u tranh ca nhn dn cc nc thuc a ginh c lp v la chn con ng pht trin i ln ca mnh. (S gip y l v t, trong sng, khng p t mt iu kin no; l ch ngha quc t chn chnh ca giai cp CN Nga). Ngi kt lun: CM VN thnh cng s thit lp v xy dng nh nc theo m hnh X Vit. (Lu : Bc c qu trnh lu di, phc tp trong vic la chn cc kiu nh nc :

Nm 1919 mi nghin cu v nh nc, Bc a ra m hnh nh nc chung nht vi nhng nt khi qut: nh nc dn ch, nh nc ny phi bo m cc quyn dn tc t quyt, quyn t do dn ch, quyn lm ngi. T tng v nh nc dn ch ca Bc t nn mng cho vn nhn quyn Vit Nam hin i. 1927 Trong tc phm ng Cch Mnh, Bc ch trng xy dng nh nc ca s ng, v nguyn tc n i lp nh nc ca s t. Nm 1930 trong cng lnh 3/2, Bc ch trng xy dng nh nc cng nng binh v trn thc t X Vit Ngh Tnh thit lp hnh thc nh nc kiu ny, xem ra hi bit phi, cc oan. Nm 1941 khi v nc ch o chuyn hng cch mng, v chnh tr Bc ch trng xy dng th ch chnh tr dn ch cng ho v nh nc dn ch nhn dn. y l 1 sng to rt ln ca Bc , b sung vo hc thuyt nh nc chuyn chnh v sn ca ch ngha Mac-LNin. n y m hnh nh nc H Ch Minh c xc nh r rt. Nm 1945, CMT8 thnh cng v nh nc dn ch nhn dn c thnh lp trong phm vi c nc t trung ng n c s. Sau khi tuyn c, bu quc hi, c hin php, th nh nc ny l nh nc duy nht hp php VN. (1947 Bo i lp nh nc tay sai ca Php l nh nc bt hp php). 1954 min Bc c gii phng, bc vo cng cuc xy dng CNXH, lc ny nh nuc dn ch nhn dn bt u thc hin chc nng nhim v ca nh nc XHCN. I.2. Quan nim ca HCM v nh nc ca dn, do dn, v dn - L nh nc do nhn dn lao ng lm ch: (ch s hu nh nc l nhn dn ) nc ta, dn l ch nc, ngha l trong nc ta mi quyn lc u thuc v nhn dn, dn l ngi c a v cao nht, quyt nh cc vn quan trng nht ca quc gia dn tc. T cch ny c ghi trong hin php, php lut. (1946 iu 1 hin php ghi: trong nc VN Dn ch Cng ho ton b quyn binh u thuc v nhn dn, khng phn bit ging ni, trai gi, giu ngho, tn gio, giai cp. Hin php 1959 iu 4 ghi: trong nc VN ton b quyn lc u thuc v nhn dn lao ng, ngi cm quyn trong b my nh nc (cng chc) ch l ngi c u quyn ca dn gnh vc cng vic chung ca t nc, h l y t, cng bc ca dn v th h phi gn dn, hiu dn, thng dn, tin dn, phi bit s dng sc mnh ca dn, bit i hi dn, phi c 6 t cch: c ngh, mt thy, tai nghe, chn i, ming ni, tay lm. T ch tch nc n ngi cng dn u bnh ng, nh nhng ngi lnh vng mnh quc dn ra mt trn. (khi khng cn sc lc th rt khi cng v, khng mng danh li). - Dn l ch nc Dn l ngi t chc ra cc c quan nh nuc. Thng qua ch tuyn c, trc tip b phiu kn, bu cc i biu xng ng thay mt mnh vo cc c quan quyn lc nh nc t c s n Trung ng, Quc hi do dn bu ra, bu c phi thit thc, trnh hnh thc, nn c rng ri nhiu ng c vin cho dn t do la chn ( QH 46 bu 333 i biu : H Ni c 16 i biu nhng c 74 ngi, Nam nh 15 i biu c 70 ngi chn mt gi vng ). Dn l ch nc thng qua ch bi min nhng i biu, nhng c quan nh nc k c chnh ph nu khng cn tn nhim, nu i ngc li li ch ca dn. Dn l ch nc thng qua ch kim tra, ph bnh, gim st hot ng ca cc i biu, cc c quan nh nc do mnh c ra. y l vic kh khn i hi dn phi c nng lc, ch th quyn lc (dn) phi c trnh cao, vic kim tra gim st phi c c ch. V c ch thng do ngi cm quyn a ra, v thng bo v li ch ca h. Ch thc hin tt quyn kim tra, ph bnh, gim st th ngi dn mi th hin r t cch cm quyn ca mnh. Mc tiu ca t chc, xy dng v hot ng ca nh nc l nhm khng ngng ci thin i sng nhn dn theo phng chm: vic g c li cho dn th phi ht sc lm, vic g c hi cho dn th phi ht sc trnh. Nng cao i sng nhn dn l tiu ch s 1 nh gi nng lc hot ng ca nh nc v nng lc ca ngi cm quyn.

Nh nc dn ch nhn dn l phi lo cho dn v mi mt, nht l nhng nhu cu bc xc, lm cho dn c n, c mc, c ch , c hc hnh, c iu kin khm cha bnh, chm sc sc khe. Tho mn khng phi mang li cho dn m nh nuc phi hng dn dn lm 3 vic : Hng dn dn y mnh tng gia sn xut nng cao i sng. Sn xut ging nh nc, i sng ging nh thuyn, nc ln th thuyn ln. Hng dn dn tit kim, sn xut m khng tit kim th ging nh gi vo nh trng Hng dn dn phn phi cho cng bng, cho mi ngi c hng nhng phc li chnh ng ca mnh (khng s hng ha thiu ch s phn phi khng cng bng, khng s ngho ch s lng dn khng yn), phn phi va l kinh t va l chnh tr. Nh nc phi iu chnh cc loi li ch, li ch trc mt, li ch lu di, li ch trung ng, li ch a phng.. bo m hi ho trong cc cng ng dn c, xy dng chnh sch sao cho c cng t u li. Nh nc phi c xy dng trong sch, lim khit, trnh nhng c quyn, c li, tham , hi l, quan liu; phi loi tr b phn quan cch mng (cn bnh Bc pht hin v cnh bo sm: sau cch mng thng 8, Bc thy mt s Tnh xut hin mt s quan cch mng; 17-09-1945 vit th cho mt s tnh v ni tnh ta xut hin mt s quan cch mng, 17-10-1945 vit th cho cc k, Tnh nhc rng trong b my nh nc xut hin mt s cn b h ho, thu vn c nhn; 21-11-1946 Bc k sc lnh 223 quy nh nhng hnh thc x pht cc ti hi l, tham , bin th cng qu mc pht t kh sai t 5 n 20 nm, pht v vt cht gp i gi tr a v nhn hi l cho ti tch thu 2/3 gia ti. I.3. Quan im HCM v bn cht giai cp CN ca nh nc VN - Mi nh nc u mang tnh cht giai cp Nh nc l c quan thng tr giai cp, n bo v li ch ca giai cp thng tr. (1953, Bc vit cun thng thc chnh tr) - Bn cht giai cp CN ca nh nc ta a. Nh Nc ta do giai cp CN lnh o Cc hin php ca nh nc ta u ghi: nh nc ta l nh nc dn ch nhn dn da trn nn tng lin minh cng nng do giai cp CN lnh o Vai tr lnh o ca giai cp CN vi nh nc th hin 3 im: Mc tiu hot ng ca nh nc l mang li li ch cho nhn dn, gii phng nhn dn lao ng, thc hin s mnh lch s ca giai cp CN. Chc nng ca nh nc l dn ch vi nhn dn, chuyn chnh vi k th, t chc xy dng ch x hi mi. Nh nc hot ng theo c ch dn ch, bo m trn thc t t cch l ch v lm ch nh nc ca nhn dn. (Bc vit: chng ta phi khng ngng cng c tng cng bn cht giai cp CN ca nh nc, giai cp CN lnh o nh nc khng phi do s lng ng m do tnh cht tin tin ca n.) b. Bn cht giai cp CN ca nh nc th hin trong 5 nguyn tc t chc v hot ng ca nh nc Nh nc ta do ng ca giai cp CN lnh o. y l nguyn tc bo m bn cht giai cp CN ca nh nc ta. (T thng 81945, ng lnh o nh nc; thng 11-1945 ng tuyn b t gii tn, nhng tht ra i vo hot ng b mt, ng vn l t chc lnh o nh nc). Nh nc c t chc v hot ng theo nguyn tc tp trung dn ch (trc hin php 1959, Bc thng ni dn ch tp trung, sau hin php 1959, Bc vit l tp trung dn ch cho ging cc nc XHCN ). C s x hi ca nh nc l khi i an kt dn tc trn c s lin minh cng nng. Nh nc ta t chc v hot ng theo nguyn tc quyn lc nh nc l thng nht nhng c s phn cng v phi hp gia cc c quan trong vic thc hin cc quyn lp php, hnh php v t php. Trong iu kin c th nh nc ta, chng ta khng ch trng xy dng ch tam quyn phn lp nh cc nc TB.

Nh nc ta qun l x hi bng php lut, php lut l ch, nguyn vng ca qun chng nhn dn c a ln thnh php lut c. Nh nc ta c s thng nht gia bn cht giai cp CN, tnh nhn dn v tnh dn tc. (y l t tng c o ca Bc) C s khch quan ca s thng nht ny : VN s ra i ca nh nc kiu mi l kt qu ca cuc u tranh ca ton dn, ca mi dn tc trn t nuc VN. V vy ton dn VN tham gia vo vic xy dng nh nc (Sau cch mng thng 8, ta c sai lm khng chim ngn hng Php m ch chim kho bc ng Dng, thu trn 1 triu c trn 400.000 tin rch, ti chnh ht sc kh khn. Bc pht ng tun l vng, dn ng gp (ch yu ngi giu) 20 triu ng v 370 kg vng, thnh qu l ca ton dn, k c ca ngi giu). Nh nc ta i din cho li ch giai cp cng nhn, nhn dn lao ng v c dn tc. S thng nht ny l s thng nht li ch chung, l c lp, t do, cm no, o m cho mi ngi. Ngy nay CNXH l dn giu, nc mnh, x hi cng bng, dn ch, vn minh l im ng thun cho c dn tc hin nay. I.4. Quan im HCM v nh nc php quyn - Qun l XH bng php lut l cch qun l dn ch, tin b Trong yu sch 8 im 6-1919 gi cho hi ngh Vc-xy, Bc yu cu thay i ch php l Vit Nam; trong bi th : Vit Nam yu cu ca vit 1923, cu th 7 Bc vit: By xin hin php ban hnh, 100 iu phi c thn linh php quyn. Nm 1945 khi c nh nc, ngi nu 6 nhim v cp bch, trong phn xy dng hin php nh nc Bc nu 2 nguyn tc: Hin php phi xut pht t c im ca VN, phi k tha cc gi tr hin php ca cc nh nc Anh, Php, M. 9-11-1946 nc ta c hin php u tin, nay c thm hin php 1959, 1980, 1992 nhng hin php 1992 thc cht c nhiu iu tr v vi hin php 1946, v u ch trng xy dng nh nc php quyn VN. Nh nc php quyn l vn c bn trong t tng HCM: mt x hi, mt t nc phi c hin php, php lut qun l. V th thng 10-1945 Bc k sc lnh 47 s dng cc o lut c iu chnh cc quan h dn s ca ch mi (v php lut c nhng gi tr chung). Bc ng u nh nc 24 nm, ch tr san tho 2 hin php, 16 o lut, 1300 vn bn di lut; c gng thay sc lnh bng lut khc phc tnh cng ch quan liu ca sc lnh. - Bc c bit ch ti hiu qu, hiu lc ca php lut Qun l nh nc bng php lut nhm bo v li ch quc gia, cng dn, bo m s bnh ng ca mi ngi trc php lut, ai thc hin tt th c khen, ai vi phm th b pht d cng v no. php lut c hiu lc cn c cc iu kin : Php lut phi . Php lut phi n vi dn qua tuyn truyn, gio dc (9-11-1946 Bc v Thi Bnh hi cc c ch lm g? Chng chu ang tuyn truyn 10 chnh sch ca Vit Minh. Bc ni, by gi c hin php ri, cc c ch phi tuyn truyn hin php; 1958 thng qua lut hn nhn gia nh; 1959 v H Ty, c mt s kin ni vn cn hin tng chng nh v. Bc ni, chng nh v l d man, c lut bo v ph n, l lut hn nhn gia nh, ngh cc c ch tuyn truyn lut ny.) Bc lu nhng ngi thc thi php lut phi cng tm, nu khng cng tm phi dng php lut trng tr (31-5-1946 Chnh ph ta c on sang Php, c Chu B Hng B Trng B Kinh T bun vng vi khi lng ln (d lun cho rng chnh ph thi nt), sau Bc vit khng nh bng vn bn trc quc hi, vn bn vit : chnh ph c gng lim khit , ai khng lim khit phi trng tr, i t Trn D Chn cc trng cc qun nhu th trng nng nghip b t hnh.) - Bc cao kt hp c tr vi php tr Bc ch trng gio dc o c cch mng l cn b ng vin ,nhn dn t gic thc hin php lut. Bc ni: cc c ch lm vic trong lnh vc t php nhng vn c bn vn l vn i v lm ngi, l vn yu nc, thng nhn loi b p bc.

II. QUAN IM HCM V CN B, CNG CHC CA B MY NH NC II.1. Tiu chun cn b cng chc nh nc V nng lc trong phm cht l phi : C lng trung thnh vi cch mng, t quc, nhn dn, CNXH. Hng hi tho vic chnh khch ra i, b my cn mi mi Gn b mt thit vi dn, xa dn s ri vo quan liu, ca quyn, hch dch. Quyt on dm chu trch nhim, thng khng kiu, bi khng nn. Trnh li, th ng, trung thc, thnh khn. II.2. La chn ngi vo b my nh nc Phi c c ti, trong c l gc ti l tho vic. Cn thi tuyn cht ch. Cng chc cn phi c hc chnh tr, php lut, hnh chnh, lch s, kinh t, ngoi ng. II.3. V b my nh nc Bc ch trng ti vic xy dng b my nh nc hin i, dn ch, hiu lc, hiu qu. Ch trng xy dng quc hi, c quan lp php cao nht . Chnh ph hot ng iu hnh phi sc bn hiu qu. Xy dng nn hnh chnh quc gia theo nguyn tc dn ch c s kim sot ca dn, xy dng b my t php hin i.

Cu 7: T tng HCM v nhng phm cht o c c bn ca con ngi VN trong thi i mi. o c l ton b nhng quan nim v thin c, lng tm, danh d, trch nhim, v lng t trng, v cng bng hnh phc v v nhng quy tc nh gi, iu chnh hnh vi ng x gia ngi vi ngi, c nhn v x hi. HCM l lnh t bn nhiu nht v o c, nhng Ngi thc hnh v o c nhiu hn nhng iu Ngi ni v vit v o c. V th mun nghin cu o c HCM th khng th ch dng li nhng bi vit, bi ni m phi thm nhp vo ton b cuc i hot ng ca Ngi v nhng ting ni tm huyt ca cc hc tr v bn b quc t v Ngi. 1. Ngun gc o c HCM 1.1. o c HCM bt ngun t truyn thng o c ca dn tc VN Bn ngn nm dng nc v gi nc dn tc ta xy dng c mt h gi tr o c c o c sc, l: Lng yu nc nng nn, kht vng c lp t do hnh phc. Thy c sc mnh ca on kt, ly dn lm gc, ly i ngha thng hung tn, ch nhn thay cng bo. Thy chung gn b c nhn, gia nh, lng x, np sng ngha tnh o c, trung hiu, cn kim lim chnh, . T h gi tr o c dn tc ny HCM tip thu, khai thc, v nng cao nhng gi tr ln trnh mi. 1.2. HCM tip thu cc gi tr o c nhn loi - Gi tr o c phng ng, trc ht l nho gio Xut thn t gia nh tri thc uyn bc nho hc, Ngi thy nhng gi tr o c ca Nho gio, coi Nho gio nh khoa hc v tu thn dng tnh, khc k, phc l, vi nhn, knh trng ngi lao ng, dn l gc ca nc (dn vi qu, qun vi khinh, x tc th chi), t hi giai huynh , nhn ngha, trung hiu, cn kim, lim chnh. Ngi vit: o c Khng t, hc vn ca ng, nhng kin thc ca ng lm nhng ngi cng thi v hu th phi cm phc Chng ta hy t hon thin o c ca mnh bng cch c cc tc phm ca ng. Ngi ch ra nhng hn ch ca Nho gio: T tng ng cp, coi khinh lao ng chn tay, ph n, KHKT, ti nng, dng hc thuyt chnh danh qun t, tiu nhn chuyn ch x hi lm cho x hi tr tr, chm pht trin. - HCM tip thu nhng gi tr o c ca tn gio: l t tng t bi, cu nn cu kh, thin ch, bnh ng, an lc, hnh phc, sng ha hp vi mi trng, tn trng s sng di mi hnh thc ca Pht Gio. T tng bao dung nhn i, hy sinh cao c ca Thin cha. T tng t do bnh ng bc i, coi trng con ngi trong vn ha phng Ty, trong tuyn ngn c lp Php, M.

1.3. n vi o c Mac-LNin, HCM thc hin mt cuc cch mng v o c n vi CN Mac-LNin, HCM khm ph ra kho tng o c MacXit, l th o c ch thc, ct li l gii phng dn tc, gii phng giai cp, gii phng con ngi, x hi, mang li t do, m no, bnh ng, hnh phc tht s cho con ngi, v s tin b, pht trin x hi, a nhn loi t ch b tha ha n vng quc t do, vng quc ch thc, ch ngha nhn o ch thc. HCM cn thy c Mac, Aghen, LNin l nhng tm gng o c sng ngi, h khng ch l nhng lnh t thin ti v chnh tr m cn l nhng lnh t gin d, khim tn, coi khinh xa hoa, yu lao ng, i t trong sng l hin thn ca tnh anh em bn b. H dy chng ta phi cn kim, lim chnh. HCM ch r o c c v o c Mac-L Nin i lp nhau. o c mi l o c v i, n khng phi v danh vng c nhn m v li ch chung ca ng, dn tc, nhn loi, n i hi phi ph tan xing xch n l, xy dng x hi mi bnh ng tt p cho mi ngi. T tng o c HCM thuc h t tng v sn, mang bn cht cch mng v khoa hc, m bn sc dn tc, kt hp tinh hoa gia nhn loi, l 1 h thng m pht trin cng vi thc tin VN, gp phn to dng b mt vn ha Vit Nam, l v kh tinh thn trong cng cuc xy dng t nc theo con ng XHCN. 2. Nhng c trng bn cht ca t tng o c HCM 2.1. S thng nht gia o c v chnh tr

o c HCM l o c mi, l o c V sn, l o c cch mng nhm gii phng giai cp, gii phng dn tc, gii phng con ngi phc v t quc, nhn dn, ci to x hi c, xy dng x hi mi. Cc quan im o c ca ngi lun thm nhun nhng t tng chnh tr v ngc li, nhiu quan im va l chnh tr va l o c (trung vi nc hiu vi dn). 2.2. Thng nht gia t tng v hnh vi, ng c v hiu qu, l lun v thc tin HCM ni, vit, gio dc o c lun gn vi hnh ng thit thc, th hin bng kt qu cng vic, l lun o c lun gn vi i sng. Mi hnh vi ca Ngi u cha ng t tng o c cao thng, p . Ngi thng nhc nh: Ni th phi lm, ni t lm nhiu, ly hiu qu cng vic o o c, quyt tm khng phi hi trng, li ni m phi th hin trong hnh ng, ni trung vi nc hiu vi dn th nhim v no cng hon thnh, kh khn no cng vt qua, k th no cng nh thng. 2.3. Thng nht gia c v ti c v ti gn cht nhau, v c c m khng c ti th lm vic g cng kh, c ti m khng c c th v dng, thm ch cn c hi. Gia c v ti th c l gc, trong c c ti v trong ti c c, ti cng cao th c cng ln, con ngi phi c ti v c th mi lm trn nhim v. 2.4. Thng nht gia o c cch mng v o c i thng, gia vic nh v vic ln Ngi cch mng phi rn luyn o c cch mng v o c i thung, trong phi t o c cch mng trn ht, hi sinh phn u v t quc, v nhn dn, khng qun rn luyn o c trong nhng vic nh. Rn luyn o c trong mi mi trng, mi phm vi t gia nh n mi trung n x hi, ni sinh hot, cng tc v cn phi c s phi hp gia cc mi trng gio dc o c ton din cho con ngi, rn luyn o c trong mi mi quan h 2.5. o c cn cho mi ngi nht l cho nhng ngi cch mng, cho cn b, ng vin Bc khng li 1 tc phm chuyn v o c, nhng o c Ngi cp lin quan ti mi tng lp nhn dn, la tui, ngnh ngh. Qun i: Qun i ta trung vi ng, hiu vi dn, nhim v no cng hon thnh, kh khn no cng vt qua, k th no cng nh thng. Cng an: i vi t mnh cn kim lim chnh, i vi chnh ph phi tuyt i trung thnh, i vi nhn dn phi knh trng l php, i vi cng vic phi tn ty, i vi k ch phi kin quyt v khn kho, i vi ng s phi thn i gip . Thanh nin: Khng c vic g kh, ch s lng khng bn, o ni v lp bin, c ch t lm nn Ph n: Trung hu, m ang. Thiu nin: Yu t quc, yu ng bo, hc tp tt, lao ng tt, gi gn v sinh tht tt, khim tn tht th dng cm. Ngi lun nhn mnh phi rn luyn o c trong iu kin ng cm quyn. Ngi cm quyn c sc mnh bo v thnh qu ca cch mng. Nhng nu tha ha o c, ngi cm quyn tr thnh su mt, tham quyn c v, e da s sng cn ca ng. 2.6. T tng o c HCM c vai tr to ln i vi dn tc v nhn loi Nhng c tnh nh khim tn, lng, gin d, tht th, t nhin, tnh yu nhn loi, cn kim, lim chnh, ch cng v t li du n khng phai m trong lng dn tc Vit Nam m c vi nhn loi tin b trn th gii hm nay v mai sau. 3. Quan nim ca HCM v vai tr ca o c cch mng 3.1. o c cch mng l nn tng ca ngi cch mng, ging nh gc ca cy, ngn ngun ca sng sui, sc mnh ca ngi gnh nng lc ng xa. o c cch mng l gc, l nn, l ci to ra nhng ci khc, ci m nhng ci khc da vo tn ti v pht trin. o c cch mng va l mc tiu va l ng lc ca s nghip cch mng a cch mng ti thng li.

Ngi vit: Gii phng dn tc, gii phng giai cp, gii phng x hi l vic to ln, nng n nhng rt v vang, mi ngi m khng c o c, t mnh khng c cn bn, h ha xu xa th lm ni vic g? ng vin, cn b phi l ngi c o c cch mng, phi tiu biu cho tr tu, lng tm, danh d ca c dn tc, ca thi i. Khng th vit ln trn 2 ch cng sn l c qun chng yu mn, qun chng ch qu mn nhng ngi c t cch o c. o c cch mng l thc o lng cao thng ca con ngi. Mi ngi c mt nhim v, mt cng vic, ngi lm vic to, ngi lm vic nh, nhng ai gi c o c cch mng th u l ngi cao thng. 3.2. o c cch mng gp phn xa b x hi c, xy dng x hi mi Theo quy lut, o c vn minh s chin thng bo tn, con ngi, ch con ngi s chin thng v kh sng n ca k th. Nu c o c cch mng th gp kh khn, gian kh, tht bi cng khng s st, li bc, gp thnh cng, thun li cng khng t kiu m vn gi c tinh thn cht pht, khim tn, lo trc thin h vui sau thin h, khng cng thn, kn ca, quan liu h ha. 4. Nhng phm cht o c c bn ca ngi Vit Nam trong thi i mi 4.1. Trung vi nc hiu vi dn Trung hiu l phm tr o c c, ni dung hn hp, trung l trung vi vua, hiu l hiu vi cha m. Phn nh bn phn ca thn dn vi Vua, con ci vi cha m. HCM s dng nhng phm tr o c c, nhng a vo nhng ni dung mi rng ln, cao c mang tnh cch mng, l trung vi nc, hiu vi dn. Khng th chp nhn lng trung thnh tuyt i ca nhng ngi b p bc, i vi k p bc mnh. Theo HCM: nh nc l nh nc ca dn, dn l ch nh nc. V vy trung vi nc hiu vi dn l th hin trch nhim vi s nghip dng v gi nc, vi con ng i ln ca t nc, vi cuc sng hnh phc m no ca nhn dn. Nh vy ngi trung vi nc l ngi phi t li ch ca t quc, cch mng, dn tc, ng ln trn li ch c nhn, phi quyt tm hon thnh nhim v cch mng, a t nc tin theo con ng c lp dn tc v CNXH. Nh vy ngi hiu vi dn l phi thy vai tr quyt nh v sng to lch s ca qun chng nhn dn. V vy phi tin dn, hc dn, lng nghe dn, ha ng vi dn, bit t chc nhn dn thc hin ng li ca ng, chm lo i sng nhn dn. 4.2. Cn kim lim chnh Ngi vit: Bn phong kin ngy xa nu ra cn, kim, lim, chnh nhng chng khng bao gi lm m bt dn lm phc v chng. Ngy nay chng ta ra cn, kim, lim, chnh cho cn b thc hin lm gng cho dn theo lm li cho dn cho nc . Ni dung cc khi nim: Cn l sing nng chm ch c gng do dai, bn b. Kim l tit kim vt t, tin bc ca ci, thi gian cng sc, khng xa s, khng phung ph. Lim l trong sch, khng tham lam tin bc, ca ci, a v, danh ting. Chnh l khng t, l thng thn, ng n, iu g khng thng thn, ng n l bt chnh l t. Mi quan h gia cc khi nim: Cn m khng kim th nh thng khng y, kim m khng cn th ly g m kim. Cn kim l gc r, nh mt cy c gc r li cn c cnh, c l, c hoa, c qu mi hon thin. Cn kim lim chnh l cn thit cho tt c mi ngi, l thc o bn cht con ngi, nh tri c 4 ma, t c 4 phng, ngi c 4 c. Cn kim lim chnh li cng cn thit cho cn b, ng vin. V thiu chng s nh hng ti uy tn ca ng, tn hi cho cch mng v h s tr thnh su mt ca dn, thnh k h bi. Cn kim lim chnh l thc o s giu c v vt cht, vng mnh v tinh thn, vn minh tin b ca con ngi, dn tc v ch .

 Cn kim lim chnh l nn tng ca i sng mi, ca thi ua i quc, l ci cn lm vic, lm ngi, lm cn b phng s on th, phng s giai cp v dn tc, t quc v nhn loi. Cn kim lim chnh l c im ca x hi hng thnh, tri vi cn kim lim chnh l c im ca x hi suy vong. 4.3. Ch cng v t L khng ngh n mnh trc, hng th nn i sau, l lng mnh ch bit v ng, v dn, v t quc, l t li ch ca cch mng ca nhn dn ln trn ht. Thc hnh ch cng v t l phi qut sch ch ngha c nhn, nng cao o c cch mng. Ch ngha c nhn l mt th rt gian xo, n kho lo d dnh ngi ta xung dc, n l gic ni xm, nguy him hn c gic ngoi xm, l ng minh ca ch ngha quc, l mt th vi trng rt c hi ra hng trm th bnh nguy him nh quan liu, mnh lnh, tham , lng ph, xa hoa, hch dch, ham danh trc li, t cao t i, coi khinh qun chng, chuyn quyn c on, tranh cng li,.. Ch ngha c nhn n np trong mi chng ta ch dp l ngc u dy, gp dp tht bi hay thng li. Ch ngha c nhn l tr ngi ln cho xy dng CNXH. V th thng li ca CNXH khng tch ri thng li ca cuc u tranh chng ch ngha c nhn. Bc ch r: Ch ngha c nhn khc li ch c nhn, nu nhng li ch c nhn khng tri vi li ch tp th, t quc th khng xu, ch c trong CNXH th mi ngi mi c iu kin ci thin i sng ca mnh, pht huy tnh cch, s trng ring. 4.4. Nguyn tc xy dng o c cch mng theo t tng HCM - Tu dng o c cch mng bn b sut i o c cch mng khng phi t trn tri sa xung, n do u tranh rn luyn bn b hng ngy m cng c v pht trin cng nh ngc cng mi cng sng, vng cng luyn cng trong. V th phi gian nan rn luyn mi thnh cng. Rn luyn phi t nguyn t gic. - Nu gng o c mi, ni i i vi lm Ni nhng khng lm, ni nhiu lm t, ni mt ng lm mt no l c trng ca giai cp bc lt. Nu gng o c mi, ni i i vi lm, phng ng mt tm gng sng v o c cn gi tr hn 100 bi din vn tuyn truyn. Trong rn luyn thc hnh o c phi ch trng o lm gng. Mun hng dn nhn dn th mnh phi mc thc, khin cho ngi ta bt chc. H ho tit kim mnh phi tit kim trc lm trc, ng vin i trc lng nc i sau - Xy dng o c mi i i vi chng nhng hin tng phi o c Chng ci xu, sai, c phi i i vi xy dng ci tt p, ci thin, trong xy l chnh. Cch mng l nhim v nng n, lun c 3 k th chng ph l CNQ, ch ngha c nhn, nhng thi quen & tp qun lc hu. o c cch mng v lun l lc no cng phi chng 3 k th trn.