I/ TRANG THI TJ NHIN:

Silic la nguyn t ph bin th hai sau oxi: chim gn 29.5

khi luong vo trai dt.
%rong tu nhin, Silic chi tn tai duoi dang hp cht chu yu la
Cat ( SiO
2
),cac khoang vt silicat va aluminosilicat nhu :
Cao lanh (Al
2
O
3
.2SiO
2
.2H
2
O)
Xecpentin ( 3MgO.2SiO
2
.2H
2
O)
Fenspat( Na
2
O.Al
2
O
3
.6SiO
2
).
Ct (S|C
2
)
t st ( A|
2
C
3
2S|C
2
2n
2
C)
ct
Na
2
CA|
2
C
3
6S|C
2
TNH CHT VAT L :
C hai dang th hnh l :
Silic tinh th
Silic v djnh hnh
TNH CHT VAT L :
C hai dang th hnh l :
Silic tinh th
Silic v djnh hnh
SiIic v d[nh hnh SiIic tinh th
L cht bt mu nu , khi
luong ring bng 2.33,
khng tan trong nuc ,
nhung tan trong kim loai
nng chy.
C mu xm, c nh kim,
ng vi kiu lai ha sp
3
bn
c cu tao ging kim cuong
rt cng c tnh bn
dn.Nhit d nng chy
1420
0
C
$ILIC V DJNH HINH
$ILIC TINH THE
. TNH CHT HA HOC:
Silic c cc s Oxh -4, 0,+2,+4
S OXH +2 t dc trung vi Silic
-4 0 +2 +4
Mg
2
Sl Sl SlC SlC
2
. TNH CHT HA HOC:
Silic c cc s Oxh -4, 0,+2,+4
S OXH +2 t dc trung vi Silic
-4 0 +2 +4
Mg
2
Sl Sl SlC SlC
2
Tnh kh Tnh kh
Tc dng vi Phi kim
nhit d thung, Silic kh tro, n chi tc dung
truc tip vi fl
nhit d cao, Silic tc dung duoc vi nhiu don
cht , khi d n th hin tnh kh:
Vi Oxi:
Si + O
2
SiO
2
7H = -815 kJ
Vi Phi kim khc: Nhit d rt cao)
Si + C SiC
3Si + 2N
2
Si
3
N
4
Tc dng vi Phi kim
nhit d thung, Silic kh tro, n chi tc dung
truc tip vi fl
nhit d cao, Silic tc dung duoc vi nhiu don
cht , khi d n th hin tnh kh:
Vi Oxi:
Si + O
2
SiO
2
7H = -815 kJ
Vi Phi kim khc: Nhit d rt cao)
Si + C SiC
3Si + 2N
2
Si
3
N
4
400 ->600
0
C
t
0
t
0
0 0 + 2
0 0
0 0
+
+
Tnh kh
Vi haIogen
Silic ha hop truc tip vi cc halogen tao thnh cc
tetrahaIogenua:
Si + 2X
2
SiX
4
; X = F n), Cl, Br,
Silic tc dung vi Phi kim l phn ng dc trung
nht vi Silic.
t
0
0 +
Tnh kh Tnh kh
Tc dng vi hp cht:
Tc dng vi dung d[ch kim
Si + 2KOH + H
2
O K
2
SiO
3
+ 2H
2
#
*Tc dng vi dd axit :
Axit flohidric n mn silic d nht
Si + 4HF SiF
4
+ 2H
2
Ngoi ra silic cn tan trong hn hop HF + HNO
3
4HNO
3
+ 18HF + 3Si 3H
2
SiF
6
+ 4NO + 8H
2
O
Tc dng vi hp cht:
Tc dng vi dung d[ch kim
Si + 2KOH + H
2
O K
2
SiO
3
+ 2H
2
#
*Tc dng vi dd axit :
Axit flohidric n mn silic d nht
Si + 4HF SiF
4
+ 2H
2
Ngoi ra silic cn tan trong hn hop HF + HNO
3
4HNO
3
+ 18HF + 3Si 3H
2
SiF
6
+ 4NO + 8H
2
O
Nhit d thung
0 0 + +
Silic kh duoc nhiu hop cht ca oxi nhung khng c
ng dung rng ri v vic diu ch Silic kh khn, tn
km.
VD: 2Fe
2
O
3
+ 3Si 4Fe + 3SiO
2
Silic kh duoc nhiu hop cht ca oxi nhung khng c
ng dung rng ri v vic diu ch Silic kh khn, tn
km.
VD: 2Fe
2
O
3
+ 3Si 4Fe + 3SiO
2
t
0
Tnh oxi ha
Tc dng vi Kim Ioai:
nhit d cao,Silic tc dung vi kim loai Ca, Mg, Fe,
Zn,.) tao ra siIixua kim Ioai m trong d Si c s OXH
l -2, -4.
VD: 2Mg + Si Mg
2
Si Magie Silixua)
Fe + Si FeSi St ) Silixua)
t
0
t
0
0 0 +2
0 0 +2 2
iu ch:
Trong Phng th nghim : dt chy bt Magie v ct
nghin mjn.
SiO
2
+ 2Mg Si + 2MgO
Silic diu ch vn cn ln MgO, mun tch cn x l
bng dung djch HCl lang.
Trong Cng nghip:
Dng than cc kh SiO
2
:
SiO
2
du) + 2C Si + 2CO
Cn cho ct du v trnh tao thnh silic cacbua.
900
0
C
1800
0
C
0
0
0 +4
+4
0 +2
+2
ng dng:
%Hop kim Ferosilic duoc dng d ch tao thp chju axit.
% Cc hop kim nhm pha thm silic duoc dng trong k
thut hng khng d tng d bn ca vt liu.
%Silic siu tinh khit l cht bn dn duoc dng trong k
thut v tuyn v din t dc bit l ch tao Pin mt
tri).
!IN MAT TRI
Cc hp kim nhm pha thm silic doc dng
trong ki thut hng khng d tng d bn cua vt
liu.
Silic siu tinh khit duoc diu ch theo so d sau
SiO
2
Si SiCl
4
lng
khng tinh khit khng tinh khit
Tinh ch bng
phuong php
ct cng doan
Si Si SiCl
4
Siu tinh khit) Tinh khit) Tinh khit)
Than cc
Phn ng vi Clo
Kh bng hidro
Tnh cht vt I:
Silic dioxit l cht dang tinh th, nng chy

C
Trong tu nhin SiO

tinh th ch yu dang khang vt
thach anh.
Tnh cht vt I:
Silic dioxit l cht dang tinh th, nng chy

C
Trong tu nhin SiO

tinh th ch yu dang khang vt
thach anh.
THACH ANH
Ct I SiO

cha nhiu tap cht.
Tnh cht ha hc:
Tc dng vi FIo v Axit FIohidric:
2F
2
+ SiO
2
SiF
4
+ O
2
4HF + SiO
2
SiF
4
+ 2H
2
O
Cc axit khc khng n mn silic dioxit.
0 -2 -1 0
Tc dng vi kim:
SiO
2
tan chm trong dd kim dc nng, tan d trong
kim nng chy hoc cacbonat kim loai kim nng chy,
tao thnh silicat.
SiO
2
+ 2NaOH Na
2
SiO
3
+ H
2
O
SiO
2
+ CaO CaSiO
3
SiO
2
+ Na
2
CO
3
Na
2
SiO
3
+ CO
2
t
0
t
0
t
0
Axit SiIicic:
Tnh Cht:
* L cht dang keo, khng tan trong nuc.
* L axit yu, d bj CO
2
dy khi dd mui:
Na
2
SiO
3
+ CO
2
+ H
2
O H
2
SiO
3
+ Na
2
CO
3
*lun nng d mt nuc:
H
2
SiO
3
SiO
2
+ H
2
O
SiO
2
cha 5% nuc duoc goi l silicagen dng d ht m,
hp phu, cht pht hin d m.
t
0
Silicagen
Mui SiIicat:
iu ch:
Axit silicic tc dung vi dd kim:
H
2
SiO
3
+ 2NaOH Na
2
SiO
3
+ 2H
2
O
lun nng SiO
2
vi dd kim:
SiO
2
+ 2NaOH Na
2
SiO
3
+ H
2
O
* Chi c silicat ca kim loai kim tan trong nuc.
* Silicat kim loai d bj thy phn trong dd:
Na
2
SiO
3
+ H
2
O 2NaOH + H
2
SiO
3
t
0
* DD ca Na
2
SiO
3
v K
2
SiO
3
duoc goi l thy tinh Ing.
SiO
2
+ Na
2
CO
3
Na
2
SiO
3
+ CO
2
* 3 /%3 :dng trong Cng nghip ty ra , h dn dc
bit, tm giy vi g d khng bj chy.
1400
0
C
THUY TINH LONG
Cu 1: l khc hinh hoc chu ln thuy
tinh nguoi ta dung:
a) HF
b) HCl
c) HNO
3
d) H
2
SO
4
Cu 2: S oxi hoa cao nht cua silic th hin
o hop cht:
f%SlC
b%SlC
2
c%SlP

%Mg
2
Sl
Cu 3: Silic co ung dung trong:
a) K thut v tuyn
b) Luyn kim
c) Pin Mt %roi
d) Ca a, b, c du dung
Cu 4: Kha nng phan ung cua silic tinh
th va silic v dinh hinh:
a) silic v dinh hinh cao hon silic tinh
th
b) silic tinh th cao hon silic v dinh
K3
c) nhu nhau
Cu 5: 'it cac phuong trinh theo so d:
SlC
2
-f
2
SlC

P
2
SlC

SlC
2
Sl
SlC
2
+-f
2
CC

-f
2
SlC

+CC
2
-f
2
SlC

+CC
2
+P
2
CP
2
SlC

+-f
2
CC

P
2
SlC

SlC
2
+P
2
C
SlC
2
+2CSl+2CC