TRNG I HC CNG NGH THNG TIN V TRUYN THNG KHOA CNG NGH IN T V TRUYN THNG

BI TP LN
BI :

Thit k mch m 8 bt
Ging vin hng dn: THS. Nguyn Vn Thng
Nhm sinh vin: Nhm 3
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Dng Th Ngn Dng Trung Ngha Bi Th Tnh Phm Th Hng Nhung on Vn Dng

Thi nguyn 11-2011

Mc lc:

Tiu

Trang

Phn tch thit k........................................................................ I.Cc linh kin s dng trong mch.. II. Cng dng, tnh nng ca tng linh kin trong mch 1.NE 555
2.JK Flip Flop.

3.LED n.. 4.T ... 5. in tr 6. logic XOR III. Nguyn l v gii thch IV. Mch in V. Kt qu ................................................................................. Kt lun v hng pht trin......................................................

Phn tch thit k: I. Cc linh kin s dng trong mch:

IC NE555 to dao ng JK Flip Flop XOR LED n in tr T in

II.Cng dng v tnh nng ca tng linh kin

1.ic NE555
chc nng ca ic 555 L thit b to xung chnh xc My pht xung iu ch c rng xung iu ch v tr xung
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Chn 1: ni ra mass ny dng cung cp cho IC Chn 2: ng vo ca 1 tn s so p, mch so p dng cc n bn dn thun (Mc p chun l 2*Vcc/3) Chn 3: Ng ra Chn 4: dng lp nh mc trng thi ra. Khi chn 4 ni mass th ng ra mc thp, cn khi chn 4 ni vo mc p cao th trng thi ng ra tu theo mc p chn 2 va 6 Chn 5: dng lm thay i mc p chun trg IC theo VR hay R ngoi cho ni mass. Tuy nhin trg cc mch ng dng chn s 5 ni mass wa 1 con t t 10nF --> 100nF tc dng lc b nhiu cho mc p chun n nh Chn 6: ng vo ca 1 tn so p khc, mach so snh dng cc Transistor ngc Vcc/3 Chn 7: c th xem nh 1 kho in Chn 8: Cp ngun` nui cho IC. Ngun nui cp cho IC khon t +5V--> +15V , ti a l =18V Cu to ca NE555 gm OP-amp so snh in p, mch lt v transistor x in. Cu to ca IC n gin nhng hot ng tt. Bn trong gm 3 in
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tr mc ni tip chia in p VCC thnh 3 phn. Cu to ny to nn in p chun. in p 1/3 VCC ni vo chn dng ca Op-amp 1 v in p 2/3 VCC ni vo chn m ca Op-amp 2. Khi in p chn 2 nh hn 1/3 VCC, chn S = [1] v FF c kch. Khi in p chn 6 ln hn 2/3 VCC, chn R ca FF = [1] v FF c reset

Gii thch s hot ng: K hiu 0 l mc thp bng 0V, 1 l mc cao gn bng VCC. Mch FF l loi RS Flip-flop, Khi S = [1] th Q = [1] v = [ 0]. = [0].

Sau , khi S = [0] th Q = [1] v Khi R = [1] th = [1] v Q = [0].

Tm li, khi S = [1] th Q = [1] v khi R = [1] th Q = [0] bi v

= [1],
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transisitor m dn, cc C ni t. Cho nn in p khng np vo t C, in p chn 6 khng vt qu V2. Do li ra ca Op-amp 2 mc 0, FF khng reset. Giai on ng ra mc 1: Khi bm cng tc khi ng, chn 2 mc 0. V in p chn 2 (V-) nh hn V1(V+), ng ra ca Op-amp 1 mc 1 nn S = [1], Q = [1] v Khi = [0]. Ng ra ca IC mc 1.

= [0], transistor tt, t C tip tc np qua R, in p trn t tng. Khi

nhn cng tc ln na Op-amp 1 c V- = [1] ln hn V+ nn ng ra ca Opamp 1 mc 0, S = [0], Q v vn khng i. Trong khi in p t C nh

hn V2, FF vn gi nguyn trng thi . Giai on ng ra mc 0: Khi t C np tip, Op-amp 2 c V+ ln hn V- = 2/3 VCC, R = [1] nn Q = [0] v = [1]. Ng ra ca IC mc 0.

= [1], transistor m dn, Op-amp2 c V+ = [0] b hn V-, ng ra ca Opkhng i gi tr, t C x in thng qua

amp 2 mc 0. V vy Q v transistor.

Kt qu cui cng: Ng ra OUT c tn hiu dao ng dng sng vung, c chu k n nh

2. JK Flip Flop
FF JK b sung thm trng thi cho FF RS ( trnh trng thi cm)

Hnh 3.1.15 Dng sng minh ho cho FF JK Nhn thy u vo J, K iu khin trng thi ng ra theo ng nh cch m S R lm tr 1 im l khi J = K = 1 th trng thi cm c chuyn thnh trng thi ngc li ( vi J = K = 0 ). N cn gi l ch lt ca hot ng. T dng sng c th thy rng ng ra FF khng b nh hng bi sn xung ca xung ck cc u vo J K cng khng c tc ng tr khi xy ra tc ng ln ca Ck FF JK c th to thnh t FF SR c thm 2 u and c ng ra a v nh hnh :

Hnh 3.1.16 FF JK t FF SR Cn cu to bn trong ca FF JK kch bng cnh sn s nh sau :

Hnh 3.1.17 Cu trc mch ca FF JK 3. in tr in tr c trng cho tnh cht cn tr dng in. Chnh v th, khi s dng in tr cho mt mch in th mt phn nng lng in s b tiu hao duy tr mc chuyn di ca dng in. Ni mt cch khc th khi in tr cng ln th dng in i qua cng nh v ngc li khi in tr nh th dng in d dng c truyn qua.Khi dng in cng I chy qua mt vt c in tr R, in nng c chuyn thnh nhit nng vi cng sut theo phng trnh sau: P = I2.R trong : P l cng sut, o theo W I l cng dng in, o bng A R l in tr, o theo Chnh v l do ny, khi phn loi in tr, ngi ta thng da vo cng sut m phn loi in tr. V theo cch phn loi da trn cng sut, th in tr thng c chia lm 3 loi: - in tr cng sut nh
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- in tr cng sut trung bnh - in tr cng sut ln. Tuy nhin, do ng dng thc t v do cu to ring ca cc vt cht to nn in tr nn thng thng, in tr c chia thnh 2 loi: - in tr: l cc loi in tr c cng sut trung bnh v nh hay l cc in tr ch cho php cc dng in nh i qua. - in tr cng sut: l cc in tr dng trong cc mch in t c dng in ln i qua hay ni cch khc, cc in tr ny khi mch hot ng s to ra mt lng nhit nng kh ln. Chnh v th, chng c cu to nn t cc vt liu chu nhit. tin cho qu trnh theo di trong ti liu ny, cc khi nim in tr v in tr cng sut c s dng theo cch phn loi trn.

Cch c gi tr cc in tr ny thng thng cng c phn lm 2 cch c, tu theo cc k hiu c trn in tr. Di y l hnh v cch c in tr theo vch mu trn in tr.

i vi cc in tr c gi tr c nh ngha theo vch mu th chng ta c 3 loi in tr: in tr 4 vch mu v in tr 5 vch mu v 6 vch mu. Loi in tr 4 vch mu v 5 vch mu c ch ra trn hnh v. Khi c cc gi tr in tr 5 vch mu v 6 vch mu th chng ta cn phi mt cht v c s khc nhau mt cht v cc gi tr. Tuy nhin, cch c in tr mu u da trn cc gi tr mu sc c ghi trn in tr 1 cch tun t: i vi in tr 4 vch mu - Vch mu th nht: Ch gi tr hng chc trong gi tr in tr - Vch mu th hai: Ch gi tr hng n v trong gi tr in tr - Vch mu th ba: Ch h s nhn vi gi tr s m ca 10 dng nhn vi gi tr in tr
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- Vch mu th 4: Ch gi tr sai s ca in tr i vi in tr 5 vch mu - Vch mu th nht: Ch gi tr hng trm trong gi tr in tr - Vch mu th hai: Ch gi tr hng chc trong gi tr in tr - Vch mu th ba: Ch gi tr hng n v trong gi tr in tr - Vch mu th 4: Ch h s nhn vi gi tr s m ca 10 dng nhn vi gi tr in tr - Vch mu th 5: Ch gi tr sai s ca in tr

4 t in
T in l mt linh kin in t th ng to bi hai b mt dn in c ngn cch bi in mi . Khi c chnh lch in th ti hai b mt, ti cc b mt s xut hin in tch cng cng , nhng tri du. S tch t ca in tch trn hai b mt to ra kh nng tch tr nng lng in trng ca t in. Khi chnh lch in th trn hai b mt l in th xoay chiu, s tch lu in tch b chm pha so vi in p, to nn tr khng ca t in trong mch in xoay chiu.

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5. LED n

LED pht quang c pht sng khi chng ta cp ngun cho n th n s pht sng. C rt nhiu LED pht quang vi mu sc, kch thc chng loi khc nhau. V c ng dng trong thp sng, trang tr... Bn cht ca LED chnh l mt diode c kh nng pht sng khi phn cc thun. Khi Led sng thi in p ri trn LED c gi tr nh nht l 0.7V v ln nht gn 2V ty tng loi LED. Ty vo tng loi LED m c gi tr dng qua LED khc nhau LED sng bnh thng. Thng thng th 12

ngun cp cho LED 3V th chng ta khng cn in tr hn dng nhng i vi nhiu mch ngi ta khng th dng thm mt ngun na nn ngi ta dng ngun cho LED chung vi ngun iu khin (5V) v lp thm con in tr ni tip cho LED. Mc ch l hn dng cho LED khng cho dng qua LED ln hn gi tr nh mc. Nu m qu dng th LED s chy

III.Mch nguyn l:

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Gii thch nguyn l: Nguyn l :

IV.Mch m phng:

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V.Mch in :

VI.Kt qu: mch thc t

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Kt lun v hng pht trin Khi bin son bo co, chng em c gng cp nht nhng kin thc mi c lin quan n mn hc, ph hp vi nhu cu hc tp tm hiu ca mi ngi cng nh yu cu thc t. D vy khng th trnh khi nhng thiu st, nn chng em rt mong nhn c s ng gp kin ca thy gio v cc bn ti liu c hon thin hn. Em xin chn thnh cm n!

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