TIU CHUN vit nam tcvn 4453 - 1995 Tiu chun bt buc p dng tng phn

Kt cu b tng v b tng ct thp ton khi Quy phm thi cng v nghim thu
Monolithic concrete and reinforced concrete structure Codes for construction, check and acceptance 1. Phm vi p dng 1.1. Tiu chun ny p dng cho vic thi cng b tng do cc t chc xy dng thc hin. Cc cng trnh c cng tc thi cng b tng do nc ngoi u t hoc lin doanh gp vn, nu khng c cc ch dn k thut ring cng p dng tiu chun ny. 1.2. Tiu chun ny quy nh cc yu cu k thut ti thiu kim tra v nghim thu cht lng thi cng cc kt cu b tng v b tng ct thp ton khi nhm m bo cht lng, an ton v v sinh mi trng ca khu vc xy dng cng trnh. 1.3. Tiu chun ny ch p dng cho vic thi cng cc kt cu b tng v b tng ct thp ton khi bng b tng nng thng thng (khi lng th tch hn hp b tng 1800kg/m -2500kg/m ) c trn ngay ti cng trng hoc b tng ch trn sn (b tng thng phm) vn chuyn t cc trm trn b tng tp trung.
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1.4.

Tiu chun ny khng p dng i vi:

a) Cc kt cu lm bng cc loi b tng t ong, b tong ct liu rng, b tng siu nng v b tng chu ha cht; b) Cc kt cu thi cng bng phng php b tng trong nc, b tng va dng; c) Cc kt cu b tng ng sut trc; d) Cc kt cu c bit khc quy nh ring theo thit k; 2. Cc tiu chun trch dn TCVN 5574 : 1991: Tiu chun thit k b tng ct thp. TCVN 2737 : 1990: Tiu chun thit k - ti trng v tc ng; TCVN 4033 : 1985: Xi mng pooclng-puzolan. TCVN 4316 : 1986: Xi mng pooclng - x l cao TCVN 2682 : 1992: Xi mng pooclng TCVN 1770 : 1986: Ct xy dng - Yu cu k thut. TCVN 1771 : 1986: dm, si, si dm dng trong xy dng - Yu cu k thut.

TIU CHUN vit nam tcvn 4453 - 1995 TCVN 4506 : 1987: Nc cho b tng v va - yu cu k thut. TCVN 5592 : 1991: B tng nng - yu cu bo dng m t nhin TCVN 3105 : 1993: B tng nng - Ly mu, ch to v bo dng mu th TCVN 3106 : 1993: B tng nng - Phng php th st TCVN 3118 : 1993: B tng nng - Phng php xc nh cng nn. TCVN 3119 : 1993: B tng nng - Phng php xy dng cng ko khi un TCVN 5718 : 1993: Mi bng v sn b tng ct thp trong cng trnh xy dng -Yu cu chng thm TCVN 1651 : 1985: Thp ct b tng. 3. Cp pha v gio 3.1. Yu cu chung 3.1.1. Cp pha v gio cn c thit k v c thi cng mbo cng, n nh, d tho lp, khng c gy kh khn cho cng vic t ct thp, v m b tng. 3.1.2. Cp pha phi c ghp kn, kht khng lm mt nc xi mng khi v m b tng, ng thi bo v b tng mi di tc ng ca thi tit 3.1.3. Cp pha v gio cn c gia cng, lp dng sao cho m bo ng hnh dng v kch thc ca kt cu theo quy nh thit k. 3.1.4. Cp pha, v gio c th ch to ti nh my hoc gia cng ti hin trng. Cc loi cp pha gio tiu chun c s dng theo ch dn ca n v ch to. 3.2. Vt liu lm cp pha v gio. 3.2.1. Cp pha gio c th lm bng g, honh b, thp, b tng c sn hoc cht do. gio c th s dng tre, lung v bng. 3.2.2. G lm cp pha gio c s dng ph hp vi tiu chun g xy dng TCVN 1075 : 1971 v tiu chun hin hnh, ng thi c th s dng c loi g bt cp phn. 3.2.3. Cp pha gio bng kim loi nn s dng sao cho ph hp vi kh nng lun chuyn nhiu ln i vi cc loi kt cu khc nhau. 3.3. Thit k cp pha v gio 3.3.1. Cp pha v gio phi c thit k m bo cc yu cu ca mc 3.1, s liu thit k c ghi ph lc A. 3.3.2. Cp pha vm v dm vi khu ln hn 4m phi c thit k c vng thi cng. Tr s vng c tnh theo cng thc: 2

TIU CHUN vit nam tcvn 4453 - 1995 f = 3L/1000 Trong : L l khu , tnh bng m. 3.3.3. Cc b phn chu lc ca gio nn hn ch s lng cc thanh ni. Cc mi ni khng nn b tr trn cng mt mt ngang v v t chu lc. Cc thanh ging cn c tnh ton v b t thch hp n nh ton b h gio cp pha. 3.4. Lp dng cp pha v gio 3.1.1. Lp dng cp pha gio cn m bo cc yu cu sau: a) B mt cp pha tip xc vi b tng cn c chng dnh; b) Cp pha thnh bn ca cc kt cu tng, sn, dm v ct nn lp dng sao cho ph hp vi vic tho d sm m khng nh hng n cc phn cp pha v gio cn lu li chng (nh cp pha y dm, sn v ct chng); c) Lp dng cp pha gio ca cc tm sn v cc bu phn khc ca nh nhiu tng cn m bo iu kin c th tho d tng b phn v di chuyn dn theo qu tnh v ng rn ca b tng. d) Tr chng ca gio phi t vng chc trn nn cng, khng b trt v khng b bin dng khi chu ti trng v tc ng trong qu trnh thi cng. 3.4.2. Khi lp dng cp pha cn c cc mc trc c hoc cc bin php thch hp thun li cho vic kim tra tim trc v cao ca cc kt cu. 3.4.3. Khi n nh cp pha bng dy chng v mc neo th phi tnh ton, xc nh lng v v tr gi n nh h thng cp pha khi chu ti trng vc tc ng trong qu trnh thi cng. 3.4.4. Trong qu trnh lp dng cp pha cn to mt s l thch hp pha di khi c ra mt nc v rc bn c ch thot ra ngoi. Trc khi b tng cc l ny c bt kn li. 3.5. Kim tra v nghim thu cng tc lp dng cp pha v gio.

3.5.1. Cp pha v gio khi lp dng xong c kim tra theo cc yu cu bng 1, cc sai lch khng vt qu cc tr s ghi trong bng 2. Bng 1 - Cc yu cu kim tra cp pha, gio

TIU CHUN vit nam tcvn 4453 - 1995

3.5.2. Vic nghim thu cng tc lp dng ct pha gio c tin hnh ti hin trng, kt hp vi vic nh gi xem xt kt qu kim tra theo quy nh bng 1 v cc sai lch khng vt qu cc tr s ghi trong bng 2. Bng 2- Sai lch cho php i vi cp pha, gio

TIU CHUN vit nam tcvn 4453 - 1995

3.6. Tho d pha gio. 3.6.1. Ct pha gio ch c tho d khi b tng t cng cn thit kt cu chu c trng lng bn thn v cc ti trng tc ng khc trong giai on thi cng sau. Khi tho d ct pha, gio, cn trch khng gy ng sut t ngt hoc va trm mnh lm h hi n kt cu b tng. 3.6.2. Cc b phn ct pha gio khng cn chu lc sau khi b tng ng rn (nh ct pha thnh bn ca dm, ct, tng) c th c tho d khi b tng t cng 50 daN/cm ...
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3.6.3. i vi ct pha gio chu lc ca cc kt cu (y dm, sn, ct chng), nu khng c cc ch dn c bit ca thit k th c tho d khi b tng t cc gi tr cng ghi trong bng 3. 3.6.4. Cc kt cu vng, cng -xn, sno ch c tho ct chng v ct pha y khi cng b tng t mc thit k v c i trng chng lt. 3.6.5. Khi tho d ct pha gio cc tm sn b tng ton khi ca nh nhiu tng nn thc hin nh : a) Gi li ton b gio v ct chng tm sn nm k di tm sn sp b tng; b) Tho d tng b phn ct chng ct pha ca tm sn pha di na 5

TIU CHUN vit nam tcvn 4453 - 1995 v gi li cc ct chng "an ton" cch nhau 3m di cc dm c nhp ln hn 4m. 3.6.6. i vi cc cng trnh xy dng trong khu vc c ng t v i vi cc cng trnh c bit, tr s cng b tng cn t tho d ct pha chu lc do thit k quy nh. 3.6.7. Vic cht ti tng phn ln kt cu sau khi tho d ct pha gio cn c tnh ton theo cng b tng t loi kt cu v cc c trng v ti trng trnh cc vt nt v cc h hng khc i vi kt 3.6.8. Vic cht ton b ti trng ln cc kt cu tho d ct pha gio ch c thc hin khi b tng t cng thit k.

Ch thch: 1) Cc tr s ghi trong bng cha xt n nh hng ca ph gia. 2) i vi cc kt cu c khu nh hn 2m, cng ti thiu ca b tng t tho ct pha l 50%R28 nhng khng c nh hn 80daN/cm .
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4. Cng tc ct thp 4.1. Yu cu chung 4.1.1. Ct thp dng trong kt cu b tng ct thp phi m bo cc yu cu ca thit k, ng thi ph hp vi tiu chun thit k TCVN 5574P : 1991 "Kt cu b tng ct thp" v TCVN 1651: 1985 "Thp ct b tng". 4.1.2. i vi thp nhp khu cn c cc chng ch k thut km theo v cn ly mu th nghim kim tra theo TCVN 197: 1985 "Kim loi -Phng php th ko" v TCVN 198 : 1985 "Kim loi -Phng php th un". 4.1.3. Ct thp c th gia cng ti hin trng hoc ti nh my nhng ln 6

TIU CHUN vit nam tcvn 4453 - 1995 m bo mc c gii ph hp vi khi lng thp tng ng cn gia cng. 4.1.4. Khng nn s dng trong cng mt cng trnh nhiu loi thp c hnh dng v kch thc hnh hc nh nhau, nhng tnh cht c l khc nhau. 4.1.5. Ct thp trc khi gia cng v trc khi b tng cn m bo: a) B mt sch, khng dnh bn t, du m, khng c vy st v cc lp r; b) Cc thanh thp b bp, b gim tit din do lm sch hoc do cc nguyn nhn khc khng vt qu gii hn cho php l 2% ng knh. Nu vt qu gii hn ny th loi thp c s dng theo din tch tit din thc t cn li; c) Ct thp cn c ko, un v nn thng. 4.2. Ct v un ct thp 4.2.1. Ct v un ct thp ch c thc hin bng cc phng php c hc. 4.2.2. Ct thp phi c ct un ph hp vi hnh dng, kch thc ca thit k. Sn phm ct thp ct v un c tin hnh kim tra theo tng l. Mi l gm 100 thanh thp tng loi ct v un, c mi l ly 5 thanh bt k kim tra. Tr s sai lch khng vt qu cc gi tr ghi bng 4. Bng 4 Kch thc sai lch ca ct thp gia cng

TIU CHUN vit nam tcvn 4453 - 1995

4.3. Hn ct thp 4.3.1. Lin kt hn c th thc hin theo nhiu phng php khc nhau, nhng phi m bo cht lng mi hn theo yu cu thit k. Khi chon phng php v cng ngh hn phi tun theo tiu chun 20 8

TIU CHUN vit nam tcvn 4453 - 1995 TCVN 71: 1977 "Ch dn hn ct thp v chi tit t sn trong kt cu b tng ct thp". Vic lin kt cc loi thp c tnh hn thp hoc khng c hn cn thc hin theo ch dn ca c s ch to. 4.3.2. Khi hn i u cc thanh ct thp cn nng bng my hn t ng hoc bn t ng phi tun theo tiu chun 20 TCXD 72 : 1977 "Quy nh hn i u thp trn". 4.3.3. Hn im tip xc thng c dng ch to khung v li ct thp c ng knh nh hn 10mm i vi thp ko ngui v ng knh nh hn 12mm i vi thp cn nng. 4.3.4. Khi ch to khung ct thp v li ct thp bng hn im, nu thit k khng c ch dn c bit th thc hin theo quy nh sau: a) i vi thp trn trn hn tt c cc im giao nhau; b) i vi thp c g hn tt c cc im giao nhau hai hng chu vi pha ngoi, cc im cn li gia cch mt hng mt theo th t xen k; c) i vi khung ct thp dm, hn tt c cc im giao nhau. 4.3.5. Hn h quang c dng trong cc trng hp sau: a) Hn ni di cc thanh ct thp cn nng c ng knh ln hn 8mm; b) Hn tt c cc chi tit t sn, cc b phn cu to v lin kt cc mi ni trong lp ghp. 4.3.6. Cc mi hn p ng cc yu cu sau: a) B mt nhn, khng chy, khng t qung, khng thu hp cc b v khng c bt; b) m bo chiu di v chiu cao ng hn theo yu cu thit k. 4.3.7. Lin kt hn c tin hnh kim tra theo tng chng loi v tng l. Mi l gm 100 mi hn hoc 100 ct thp loi khung, loi li hn. Nhng l sn phm ny c kim tra theo nguyn tc sau: a) Mi l ly 5% sn phm nhng khng t hn 5 mu kim tra kch thc, 3 mu th ko, v 3 mu th un; b) Tr s cc sai lch so vi thit k khng vt qu v gi tr ghi trong bng 6 i vi cht lng mi 4.4. Ni buc ct thp

TIU CHUN vit nam tcvn 4453 - 1995

Bng 5 Sai lch cho php i vi sn phm ct thp

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TIU CHUN vit nam tcvn 4453 - 1995

Bng 6 Sai lch cho php i vi mi hn

4.4. Vic ni buc ct thp 4.4.1. Vic ni buc (ni chng ln nhau) i vi cc loi thp c thc hin theo quy nh ca thit k. Khng ni cc v tr chu lc ln v ch un cong. Trong mt mt ct ngang ca tit din kt cu khng ni qu 25% din tch tng cng ca mt ct ngang i vi thp trn trn v khng qu 50% i vi ct thp c g. 4.4.2. Vic ni buc ct thp phi tha mn cc yu cu sau: a) Chiu di ni buc ca ct thp chu lc trong cc khung v li thp ct thp khng c nh hn 250mm i vi thp chu ko v 11

TIU CHUN vit nam tcvn 4453 - 1995 khng nh hn 200mm i vi thp chu nn. Cc kt cu khc chiu di ni buc khng nh hn cc tr s bng 7; b) Khi ni buc, ct thp vng chu ko phi un mc i vi thp trn trn, ct thp c g khng un mc; c) Dy buc dng loi dy thp mm c ng knh 1mm; d) Trong cc mi ni cn buc t nht l 3 v tr ( gia v hai u). Bng 7- Chiu di ni buc ct thp

4.5. Thay i ct thp trn cng trng Trong mi trng hp vic thay i ct thp phi c s ng ca thit k. Trng hp s dng cp thp x l ngui thay th ct thp cn nng th nht thit phi c s ng ca c quan thit k v ch u t. 4.6. Vn chuyn v lp dng ct thp 4.4.1. Vic vn chuyn ct thp gia cng cn m bo cc yu cu sau: a) Khng lm h hng v bin dng sn phm ct thp; b) Ct thp tng thanh nn buc thnh tng l theo chng loi v s lng trnh nhm ln khi s c) Cc khung, li ct thp ln nn c bin php phn chia thnh tng b phn nh ph hp vi phng tin vn chuyn. 4.6.2. Cng tc lp dng ct thp cn tha mn cc yu cu sau: a) Cc b phn lp dng trc, khng gy tr ngi cho cc b phn lp dng sau: b) C bin php n nh v tr ct thp khng bin dng trong qu trnh b tng. c) Khi t ct thp v ct pha ta vo nhau to thnh mt t hp cng th ct pha ch c t trn cc giao im ca ct thp, chu lc v theo ng v tr quy nh ca thit k . 4.6.3. cc con cn t ti cc v tr thch hp ty theo mt ct thp nhng khng ln hn 1m mt im k. con k c chiu dy bng lp 12

TIU CHUN vit nam tcvn 4453 - 1995 b tng bo v ct thp v c lm bng cc vt liu khng n mn ct thp, khng ph hy b tng. Sai lch chiu dy lp b tng bo v so vi thit k khng vy qu 3mm i vi lp b tng bo v c chiu dy a nh hn 15mm v 5mm i vi lp b tng bo v a ln hn 15mm. 4.6.4. Vic lin kt cc thanh ct thp khi lp dng cn c thc hin theo yu cu sau: a) S lng mi ni buc hay hn dnh khng nh hn 50% s im giao nhau theo th t xen k. b) Trong mi trng hp, cc gc ca i thp vi thp chu lc phi buc hoc hn dnh 100%. 4.6.5. Vic ni cc thanh ct thp n vo khung v li ct thp phi c thc hin theo ng quy nh ca thit k. Khi ni buc khung v li ct thp theo phng lm vic ca kt cu th chiu di ni chng thc hin theo quy nh bng 8 nhng khng nh hn 250mm. Bng 8 Ni chng ct thp vi b tng c mc khc nhau

4.6.6. Chuyn v ca tng thanh thp khi ch to hoc khi lp dng khung li ct thp khng c ln hn 1/5 ng knh ca thanh ln nht l 1/4 ng knh ca bn thn thanh . Sai lch cho php i vi ct thp lp dng c quy nh bng 9 Bng 9 - Sai lch cho php i vi ct thp lp dng

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TIU CHUN vit nam tcvn 4453 - 1995

4.7. Kim tra v nghim thu ct thp 4.4.1. Kim tra cng tc bao gm cc thnh vic sau: a) S ph hp ca cc loi ct thp a vo s dng so vi thit k ; b) Cng tc gia cng ct thp: phng php ct, un v lm sch b mt ct thp trc khi gia cng. Tr s sai lch cho php i vi ct thp gia cng ghi bng 4; c) Cng tc hn: bc th, thit b, que hn, cng ngh hn v cht lng mi hn. Tr s sai lch cho php i vi sn phm ct thp gia cng hn theo bng 5 v cht lng mi hn theo bng 6; d) S ph hp v vic thay i ct thp so vi thit k. 14

TIU CHUN vit nam tcvn 4453 - 1995 e) Vn chuyn v lp dng ct thp. - S ph hp ca phng tin vn chuyn i vi sn phm gia cng. - Chng loi, v tr, kch thc v s lng ct thp lp dng so vi thit k; Tr s sai lch cho php i vi cng tc lp dng ct thp c quy nh bng 9; - S ph hp ca cc loi thp ch v chi tit t sn so vi thit k; -S ph hp ca cc loi vt liu con k, mt cc im k v sai lch chiu dy lp b tng bo v so vi thit k. Chiu dy lp b tng bo v ct thp a c quy inh nh trong hnh 1.

4.7.2. Trnh t, yu cu phng php kim tra cng tc ct thp thc hin theo quy nh bng 10. 4.7.3. Vic nghim thu cng tc ct thp phi tin hnh ti hin trng theo yu cu ca iu 4.7.1 v trong bng 10 nh gi cht lng cng tc ct thp so vi thit k trc khi b tng. 4.7.4. Khi nghim thu phi c h s bao gm: a) Cc bn v thit k c ghi y s thay i v ct thp trong qu trnh thi cng v km bin bn v quyt nh thay i; b) Cc kt qu kim tra mu th v cht lng thp mi hn v cht lng gia cng ct thp; c) Cc bin bn thay i ct thp trn cng trng so vi thit k; d) Cc bin bn nghim thu k thut trong qu trnh gia cng v lp dng ct thp e) Nht k thi cng. Bng 10- Kim tra cng tc ct thp

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TIU CHUN vit nam tcvn 4453 - 1995

5. Vt liu sn xut b tng. 16

TIU CHUN vit nam tcvn 4453 - 1995 5.1. Yu cu chung 5.1.1. Cc vt liu sn xut b tng phi m bo yu cu k thut theo cc tiu chun hin hnh, ng thi p ng cc yu cu b sung ca thit k. 5.1.2. Trong qu trnh lu kho, vn chuyn v ch to b tng, vt liu phi c bo qun, trnh bn hoc b ln ln c v chng loi. Khi gp cc trng hp tn, cn c ngay bin php khc phc m bo s n nh v cht lng. 5.1.3. Cc loi vt liu khng hon ton ph hp tiu chun hoc khng cp trong tiu chun ny, ch s dng sn xut b tng, nu c lun c khoa hc v cng ngh (thng qua s xc nhn ca mt c s kim tra c t cch php nhn) v c s ng ca ch u t. 5.2. Xi mng 5.2.1. Xi mng s dng phi tha mn cc quy nh ca cc tiu chun: -Xi mng Poc - Lng TCVN 2682 : 1992 -Xi mng Poc - Lng punfzlan TCVN 4033 : 1985 -Xi mng Poc - Lng - X ht l cao TCVN 4316 : 1986 Cc loi xi mng c bit nh xi mng bn sunft xi mng t ta nhit... dng theo ch dn ca thit k. 5.1.1. Chng loi v mc xi mng s dng phi ph hp thit k v cc iu kin, tnh cht, t im mi trng lm vic ca kt cu cng trnh. 5.1.1. Vic s dng xi mng nhp khu nht thit phi c chng ch k thut ca nc sn xut. Khi cn thit phi th nghim kim tra xy dng cht lng theo tiu chun Vit nam hin hnh. 5.1.1. Vic kim tra xi mng ti hin trng nht thit phi tin hnh trong cc trng hp: a) Khi thit k thnh phn b tng b) C s nghi ng v cht lng ca xi mng c) L xi mng c bo qun trn 3 thng k t ngy sn xut. 5.1.1. Vic vn chuyn v bo qun xi mng phi tun theo tiu chun TCVN 2682 : 1992 "Xi mng 17

TIU CHUN vit nam tcvn 4453 - 1995 5.3. Ct 5.3.1. Ct dng lm b tng nng phi tha mn cc yu cu ca tiu chun TCVN 1770 : 1986 "Ct xy dng yu cu k thut". Ch thch: i vi cc loi ct c ht nh (mdul ln di 2) khi s dng phi tun theo tiu chun 20TCN127:1986"ct mn lm b tng v va xy dng". -Th nghim kim tra cht lng ct c tin hnh theo cc tiu chun t TCVN 337 : 1986 n TCVN 346 : 1986 "ct xy dng -phng php th". -Nu dng ct vng bin hoc vng nc l th nht thit kim tra hm lng Cl v (SO4)2-. Nu dng ct m, ct i th phi kim tra c hm lng silic v nh hnh.
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5.3.2. Bi cha ct phi kh ro, ng theo nhm ht theo mc sch bn tin s dng v cn c bin php chng gi bay, ma tri v ln tp cht. 5.4. Ct liu ln 5.4.1. Ct liu ln dng cho b tng bao gm: dm nghin p t thin nhin, si dm c dp t cui v si thin nhin. Khi s dng cc loi ct liu ln ny phi m bo cht lng theo quy nh ca tiu chun TCVN 1771 : 1986 " dm, si dm, si dng trong xy dng". 5.4.2. Ngoi yu cu ca TCVN 1771 : 1986, dm, si dng cho b tng cn phn thnh nhm c kch thc ht ph hp vi quy nh sau: a) i vi bn, kch thc ht ln nht khng c ln hn 1/2 chiu di bn; b) i vi cc kt cu b tng ct thp, kch thc ht ln nht khng c ln hn 3/4 khong cch thng thy nh nht gia cch thanh ct thp v 1/3 chiu dy nh nht ca kt cu cng trnh. c) i vi cng trnh thi cng bng cp pha trt, kch thc ht ln nht khng qu 1/10 kch thc cnh nh nht theo mt ct ngang ca kt cu. d) Khi dng my trn b tng c th tch ln hn 0.8 m , kch thc ln nht ca dm ca si khng vt qu 120mm. Khi dng my trn th tch nh hn 0.8 m , kch thc ln nht khng vt qu 80mm;
3 3

e) Khi vn chuyn b tng bng my bm b tng, kch thc ht ln nht khng c ln hn 0.4 ng knh trong vi bm i vi si v 0.33 i vi dm; f) Khi b tng bng ng vi voi, kch thc ht ln 18

TIU CHUN vit nam tcvn 4453 - 1995 nht khng ln hn 1/3 ch nh ca ng knh ng. 5.5. Nc Nc dng trn v bo dng b tng phi m bo yu cu ca tiu chun TCVN 4506 : 1987 "Nc cho b tng v va -yu cu k thut". Cc ngun nc ung c c th dng trn v bo dng b tng. Khng dng nc thi ca cc nh my, nc bn t h thng thot nc sinh hot, nc h ao cha nhiu bn, nc ln du m trn v bo dng b tng. 5.6. Ph gia 5.6.1. tit kim xi mng hoc ci thin cc c tnh k thut ca hn hp b tng v b tng, c th dng cc loi ph gia thch hp trong qu trnh ch to b tng. Vic s dng ph gia phi m bo: 1) To ra hn hp b tng c tnh nng ph hp vi cng ngh thi cng; 2) Khng gy nh hng n tin d thi cng v khng lm tc hi n yu cu s dng ca cng trnh sau 3) Khng nh hng n n mn ct thp. 5.6.2. Cc loi ph gia s dng phi c chng ch k thut c cc c quan qun l nh nc cng nhn. Vic s dng ph gia cn tun theo ch dn ca ni sn xut. 5.7. Cht n Cc cht n v b tng phi m bo khng nh hng n tui th ca b tng v khng gy n mn ct thp. Khi s dng cc cht n phi thng qua th nghim c c s kinh t k thut, ng thi phi c s ng ca c quan thit k v ch u t. Ch thch: 1) Cht n l nhng cht khong mn c th thm vo b tng ci thin mt s tnh cht ca hn hp b tng. 2) C 2 loi cht n: Cht n dng tr v cht n c hot tnh (bt x qung, tro nhit in, bn puzlan 6. Thi cng b tng 19

TIU CHUN vit nam tcvn 4453 - 1995 6.1.Chn thnh phn b tng (bt buc p dng) 6.1.1. m bo cht lng ca b tng, ty theo tm quan trng ca tng loi cng trnh hoc tng b phn cng trnh, trn c s quy nh mc b tng ca thit k thnh phn b tng c chn nh sau: a) i vi b tng mc 100 c th s dng bng tnh sn ghi ph lc C; b) i vi b tng mc 150 tr ln th thnh phn vt liu trong b tng phi c thit k thng qua phng th nghim (tnh ton v c mu th nghim). 6.1.2. Thit k thnh phn b tng Cng tc thit k thnh phn b tng do cc c s th nghim c t cch php nhn thc hin. Khi thit k thnh phn b tng phi m bo cc nguyn tc: a) S dng ng cc vt liu s dng thi cng; b) st hoc cng ca hn hp b tng xc nh ty thuc tnh cht ca cng trnh, hm lng ct thp, phng php vn chuyn, iu kin thi tit. Khi chn st ca hn hp b tng thit k cn tnh ti s tn tht st, trong thi gian luu gi v vn chuyn. st ca hn hp b tng ti v tr c th tham kho theo bng 11

Bng 11- st v d cng ca hn hp b tng ti v tr Loi v tinh cht ca kt cu - Lp lt dui mng hoc nn nh, nn ng v nn ng bng - Mt ng v ng bng, nn nh, kt cu khi ln khng hoc ct thp (tng chn, mng bloc...) - Kt cu khi ln c tit din ln hoc trung bnh - Kt cu btng ct thp c mt ct thp dy c, tng mng, phu si l, ct, dm v bn tit din b... cc kt cu b tng bng cp pha di ng - Cc kt cu bng b tng bm 6.1.3. Hiu chnh thnh phn b tng ti hin trng 20 st mm m m my tay 0 - 10 0 - 20 20-40 50-80 20 40 40-60 80120 Ch s cng S 50 40 35 25 25-15 12-10

120-200

TIU CHUN vit nam tcvn 4453 - 1995 Vic hiu chnh thnh phn b tng ti hin trng c tin hnh theo nguyn tc khng lm thay i t l N/X ca thnh phn b tng thit k. Khi ct liu m cn gim bt lng nc trn, gi nguyn st yu cu. Khi cn tng st hn hp b tng cho ph hp vi iu kin thi cng th c th ng thi thm nc v xi mng gi nguyn t l N/X. 6.1.4. Ty thuc quy m v mc ca cng trnh m xc inh cc loi h s th nghim b tng theo yu cu ca bng 19. 6.2.Ch to hn hp b tng. 6.2.1. Xi mng, ct, dm hoc si v cc cht ph gia lng ch to hn hp b tng c cn theo khi lng. Nc v cht ph gia cn ong theo th tch. Sai s cho php khi cn, ong khng vt qu cc tr s ghi trong bng 12. 6.2.2. Ct ra xong, kh ro mi tin hnh cn ong nhm gim lng nc ngm trong ct. 6.2.3. chnh xc ca thit b cn ong phi kim tra trc mi t b tng. Trong qu trnh cn ong thng xuyn theo di pht hin v khc phc kp thi. 6.2.4. Hn hp b tng cn c trn bng my. Ch khi no khi lng t mi trn bng tay. Bng 12 - Sai lch cho php khi cn ong thnh phn ca b tng Loi vt liu Xi mng v ph gia dng bt Ct dm, hoc si Nc v ph gia lng Sai s cho php, % theo khi lng 1 3 1

Ch thch : Lng nc cho vo b tng phi k c lng nc trong ph gia v lng nc trong ct liu m 6.2.5. Trnh t vt liu vo my trn cn theo quy nh sau: a) Trc ht 15% - 20% lng nc, sau xi mng v ct liu cng mt lc ng thi dn v lin tc phn nc cn li; b) Khi dng ph gi th vic trn ph gia phi thc hin theo ch dn ca ngi sn xut ph gia. 6.2.6. Thi gian trn hn hp b tng c xc nh theo c trng k thut ca thit b dng trn. Trong trng hp khng c cc thng s k 21

TIU CHUN vit nam tcvn 4453 - 1995 thut chun xc th thi gian t nht trn u mt m b tng my trn c th ly theo cc tr s ghi bng 13. Bng 13 - Thi gian trn hn hp b tng (pht) st b tng Di 500 Nh hn 10 10-50 Trn 50 2,0 1,5 1,0 Dung tch my trn, lt T 500 n Trn 1000 1000 2,5 3,0 2,0 2,5 1,5 2,0

6.2.7. Trong qu trnh trn trnh hn hp b tng bm dnh vo thng trn, c sau 2 gi lm vic cn vo thng trn ton b ct liu ln v nc ca mt m trn v quay my trn khong 5 pht, sau cho ct v xi mng vo trn tip theo thi gian quy nh. 6.2.8. Nu trn b tng bng thu cng thi sn trn phi cng, sch v khng ht nc. Trc khi trn cn ti m sn trn chng ht nc t hn hp b tng. Th t trn hn hp bng th cng nh sau: trn u ct v xi mng, sau cho v trn u thnh hn hp kh, cui cng cho nc v trn u cho n khi c hn hp ng mu v c st nh quy nh. 6.3. Vn chuyn hn hp b tng. 6.3.1. Vic vn chuyn hn hp b tng t ni trn n ni cn m bo cc yu cu: a) S dng phng tin vn chuyn hp l, trnh hn hp b tng b phn tng, b chy nc xi mng v b mt nc do gi nng.

b) S dng thit b, nhn lc v phng tin vn chuyn cn b tr ph hp vi khi lng, tc trn, v m b tng; c) Thi gian cho php lu hn hp b tng trong qu trnh vn chuyn cn c xc nh bng th nghim trn c s iu kin thi tit, loi xi mng v loi ph gia s dng. Nu khng c cc s liu th nghim c th tham kho cc tr s ghi bng 14. Bng 14 - Thi gian lu hn hp b tng khng c ph gia Nhit ( oC) Ln hn 30 20 - 30 10 - 20 5 - 10 Thi gian vn chuyn cho php, pht 30 45 60 90

22

TIU CHUN vit nam tcvn 4453 - 1995 6.8.2. Vn chuyn hn hp b tng bng th cng ch p dng vi c li khng xa qu 200m. Nu hn hp b tng b phn tng cn trn li trc khi vo cp pha. 6.3.3. Khi dng thng treo vn chuyn hn hp b tng th hn hp b tng vo thng treo khng vt qu 90 - 95% dung tch ca thng. 6.3.4. Vn chuyn hn hp b tng bng t hoc thit b chuyn dng cn m bo cc quy nh ca iu 6.3.1. v cc yu cu sau: a) Chiu dy lp b tng trong thng xe cn ln hn 40cm nu dng t ben t ; b) Nu vn chuyn bng thit b chuyn dng va i va trn th cng ngh vn chuyn c xc nh theo cc thng s k thut ca thit b s dng. 6.3.5. Khi dng my bm b tng vn chuyn phi m bo cc yu cu sau: a) Thnh phn v st ca hn hp b tng cn c th nghim v bm th nhm m bo cht lng b tng v iu kin thi cng, ng thi ph hp vi tnh nng k thut ca thit b bm; b) Khi thi cng trong thi tit nng, mt ngoi ng cn che ph hoc sn trng hn ch bc x mt tri lm nng btng. 6.3.6. Khi vn chuyn hn hp b tng bng bng chuyn phi m bo cc yu cu di y: a) Cu to mt lm vic ca bng chuyn theo dng hnh mng v dng loi bng chuyn cao su. Bng chuyn dng phng ch s ng khi chiu di ng vn chuyn di 200m; b) Gc nghing ca bng chuyn khng vt qu cc tr s bng 15. Mt bng chuyn phi nghing u, khng gp gy t ngt; c) Tc vn chuyn ca bng chuyn khng vt qu 1 m/s. Tc vn chuyn ca cc bng chuyn trong h thng khng chnh lch nhau qu 0,1 m/s; d) b tng vo bng chuyn c thc hin qua phu hoc mng hn hp btng c ri u v lin tc trn bng chuyn. Chiu dy ca lp btng trn bng chuyn ph thuc vo sc chu ti cho php ca tng loi bng chuyn; e) Btng chuyn t bng chyn ny sang bng chuyn khc hoc t bng chuyn vo cp pha cn thc hin qua ng phu hng hn hp btng ri thng ng. Bng 15- Gc nghing gii hn ca bng chuyn () 23

TIU CHUN vit nam tcvn 4453 - 1995 st (mm) Nh hn 40 40 - 80 6.4. Khi vn chuyn btng ln cao 15 15 Khi vn chuyn btng xung thp 12 10

v m btng

6.4.1. Vic btng phi m bo cc yu cu: a) Khng lm sai lch v tr ct thp, v tr ct pha v chiu dy lp btng bo v ct thp. b) Khng dng dm di dch chuyn ngang btng trong cp pha; c) Btng phi c hn tc cho ti khi hon thnh mt kt cu no theo quy nh ca thit k. 6.4.2. trnh s phn tng, chiu cao ri t do ca hn hp btng khi khng vt qu l,5m. 6.4.3. Khi btng c chiu cao ri t do ln hn l,5m phi dng mng nghing hoc ng vi voi. Nu chiu cao ri trn 10 m phi dng ng vi voi c thit b chn ng. Khi dng ng vi voi th ng lch nghing so vi phng thng ng khng qu 0,25m trn im chiu cao, trong mi trng hp phi m bo on ng di cng thng ng. 4.4. Khi dng mng nghing th mng phi kn v nhn. Chiu rng ca mng khng c nh hn 3-3,5 ln ng knh ht ct liu ln nht. dc ca mng cn m bo hn hn btng khng b tc, khng trt nhanh sinh ra hin tng phn tng. Cui mng cn t phu thng ng hng hn hp btng ri thng ng vo v tr v thng xuyn v sinh sch va xi mng trong lng mng nghing.

6.4.5. Khi btng phi m bo cc yu cu: a) Gim st cht ch hin trng cp pha gio v ct thp trong qu trnh thi cng x l kp thi nu c s c xy ra; b) Mc y hn hp b tng vo cp pha phi ph hp vi s liu tnh ton cng chu p lc ngang ca cp pha do hn hp btng mi gy ra; c) nhng v tr m cu to ct thp v cp pha khng cho php m my mi m th cng; d) Khi tri ma phi che chn, khng nc ma ri vo btng. Trong trng hp ngng btng qu thi gian quy nh (bng 18) phi 24

TIU CHUN vit nam tcvn 4453 - 1995 i n khi btng t 25 daN/cm2 mi c b tng, trwc khi li b tng phi x l lm nhm mt. b tng vo ban m v khi c sung m phi m bo nh sng ni trn v b tng. 6.4.6. Chiu dy mi lp btng phi cn c vo nng lc trn, c li vn chuyn, kh nng m, tnh cht ca kt cu v iu kin thi tit quyt nh, nhng khng vt qu cc tr s ghi trong bng 16. Bng 16 Chiu dy lp btng Phng php m m di m mt: (m bn) - Kt cu khng c ct thp v kt cu c ct thp n - Kt cu c ct thp kp m th cng 6.4.7. btng mng. Khi b tng mng cn m bo cc quy nh ca iu 6.4.1. B tng mng ch c ln lp m sch trn nn t cng. 6.4.7. b tng ct, tng. Ct c chiu cao nh hn 5m v tng c chiu cao nh hn 3m th nn lin tc. Ct c kch thc cnh nh hn 40cm, tng c chiu dy nh hn 15cm v cc ct c tit din bt k nhng c ai ct thp chng cho th nn btng lin tc trong tng giai on c chiu cao 1,5m. Ct cao hn 5m v tng cao hn 3m nn chia lm nhiu t btng, nhng phi bo dm v tr v cu to mch ngng thi cng hp l. 6.4.8. b tng kt cu khung. Kt cu khung nn btng lin tc, chi khi cn thit mi cu to mch ngng, nhng phi theo quy nh ca iu 6.6.4. 6.4.9. btng dm, bn. Khi cn lin tc btng dm, bn ton khi vi ct hay tng, trc ht xong ct hay tng, sau dng li 1 gi - 2 gi btng c thi gian co ngt ban u, mi tip tc btng dm v bn. Tr25 Chiu dy cho php mi lp btng, cm 1,25 chiu di phn cng tc ca m (khong 20cm 40cm) 20 12 20

TIU CHUN vit nam tcvn 4453 - 1995 ng hp khng cn btng lin tc th mch ngng thi cng ct v tng t cch mt di ca dm v bn t 2cm - 8cm. b tng dm (x) v bn sn phi c tin hnh trng thi. Khi dm, sn v cc kt cu tng t c kch thc ln (chiu cao ln hn 80cm) c th ring tng phn nhng phi b tr mch ngng thi cng thch hp theo quy nh ca iu 6.6.5. 6.4.10. b tng kt cu vm. Cc kt cu vm phi btng ng thi t hai bn chn vm n nh vm, khng bn thp bn cao. Nu c mch ngng thi cng th mt phng cua mch ngng phi vung gc. Vm c khu di 10m nn btng lin tc t chn vm n nh vm. Vm c khu ln hn 10m th c 2m - 3m c mt mch ngng vung gc vi trc cong ca vm, rng 0,6m - 0,8m. Cc mch ngng ny uc chn lp bng btng c ph gia n sau khi btng trc co ngt. 6.4.12. b tng tng trn c xy vm ca ng hm phi m bo cc quy nh sau: a) Cc lp d btng tng phi ln u v dn cho n cao cch chn vm 40cm th dng li, btng c thi gian co ngt v sau thi cng vm. b) Phn b tng tip gip gia tng v chn vm cn c x l m bo yu cu theo quy nh ca thit k. 6.4.11. b tng mt ung, sn bi v ng bng sn bay phi m bo cc yu cu sau: a) btng lin tc ht ton b chiu dy mi lp btng; b) t khe co gin nhit m theo quy nh ca thit k. Nu thit k khng quy nh th khe co gin nhit m c t theo hai chiu vung gc cch nhau m- m, chiu rng khe 1cm - 2cm v c chiu cao bng chiu dy kt cu;. c) Thi gian ngng btng gia hai lp phi ph hp vi iu 6.8.2. 6.4.14. m b tng Vic m b tng phi m bo cc yu cu sau: a) C th dng cc loi m khc nhau, nhng phi m bo sao cho sau khi m, btng c m cht v khng b r;

26

TIU CHUN vit nam tcvn 4453 - 1995 b) Thi gian m ti mi v tr phi m bo cho btng uc m k. Du hiu nhn bit btng c m k l va xi mng ni ln b mt v bt kh khng cn na; c) Khi s dng m di, bc di chuyn ca m khng vt qu 1,5 bn knh tc dng ca m v phi cm su vo lp btng trc 10cm; d) Khi cn m li btng th thi im m thch hp l 1,5 gi - 2 gi sau khi m ln th nht. m li btng ch thch hp vi cc kt cu c din tch b mt ln nh sn mi, sn bi, mt ng t... khng m li cho b tng khi ln. 6.5. Bo dng btng (bt buc p dng).

6.5.1. Sau khi , btng phi c bo dng trong iu kin c m v nhit cn thit ng rn v ngn nga cc nh hng c hi trong qu trnh ng rn ca btng. 6.5.2. Bo dng m Bo dng m l qu trnh gi cho btng c m cn thit ninh kt v ng rn sau khi to hnh. Phng php v quy trnh bo dng m thc hin theo TCVN 5592 : 1991 B tng nng - Yu cu bo dng m t nhin . Thi gian bo dng m cn thit khng c nh hn cc tr s ghi trong bng 17. Trong thi k bo dng, btng phi c bo v chng cc tc ng c hc nh rung ng, lc xung xch, ti trng v cc tc ng c kh nng gy h hi khc. Bng 17 - Thi gian bo dng m (theo TCVN 5592 : 1991) Vng khi hu bo dng btng Vng A Vng B Vng C Trong : Rth BD Cng bo dng ti hn; Tct BD - Thi gian bo dng cn thit; Vng A (t Din Chu tr ra Bc); 27 Tn ma H ng Kh Ma Kh Ma Thng IV - IX X - III II - VII VIII - I XII - IV V - XI Rth BD % R28 50 -55 40 - 50 55 - 60 35 - 40 70 30 Tth BD ngy m 3 4 4 2 6 1

TIU CHUN vit nam tcvn 4453 - 1995 Vng B (pha ng Trng Sn v t Din Chu n Thun Hi); Vng C (Ty nguyn v Nam B) 6.6. Mch ngng thi cng 6.6.1. Yu cu chung Mch ngng thi cng phi t v tr m lc ct v m men un tng i nh, ng thi phi vung gc vi phng truyn lc nn vo kt cu. . 6.6.2. Mch ngng thi cng nm ngang: - Mch ngng thi cng nm ngang nn t v tr bng chiu cao cp pha. - Trc khi btng mi, b mt btng c cn c x l, lm nhm, lm m v trong khi phi m ln sao cho lp btng mi bm cht vo lp btng c m bo tnh lin khi ca kt cu. 6.6.3. Mch ngng thng ng Mch ngng thi cng theo chiu thng ng hoc theo chiu nghing nn cu to bng li thp vi mt li 5mm l0mm v c khun chn. Trc khi lp btng mi cn ti nc lm m b mt btng c, lm nhm b mt, ra sch v trong khi phi m k m bo tnh lin khi ca kt cu . 6.6.4. Mch ngng thi cng ct. Mch ngng ct nn t cc v tr sau: a) mt trn ca mng. b) mt di ca dm, x hay di cng xn dm cu trc; c) mt trn ca dm cn trc. 6.6.5. Dm c kch thc ln v lin khi vi bn th mch ngng thi cng b tr cch mt di ca bn t 2cm - 3cm. 6.6.6. Khi b tng sn phng th mch ngng thi cng c th t bt k v tr no nhng phi song song vi cnh ngn nht ca sn. 6.6.7. Khi b tng cc tm sn c sn theo hng song song vi dm ph th mch ngng thi cng b tr trong khong 1/3 on gia ca nhp dm.

28

TIU CHUN vit nam tcvn 4453 - 1995 Khi b tng theo hng song song vi dm chnh th mch ngng thi cng b tr trong hai khong gia ca nhp dm v Bn (mi khong di 1/4 nhp). 6.6.8. Khi b tng kt cu khi ln, vm, b cha, cng trnh thy li, cu v cc b phn phc tp ca cng trnh, mch ngng thi cng phi thc hin theo quy nh ca thit k. 6.7. Thi cng b tng chng thm mi (bt buc p dng) 6.7.1. Cc loi mi v sn c lp b tng chng thm nc u phi c thi cng ng theo yu cu ca TCVN 5718 : 1993 Mi bng v sn b tng ct thp trong cng trnh xy dng - Yu cu chng thm nc . 6.7.2. Khe co gin nhit m cua lp b tng chng thm mi phi t theo hai chiu thng gc. i vi mi khng c lp chng nng, khe co gin phi t cch nhau 6m - 9m. i vi mi c lp chng nng m bo yu cu k thut, khong cch khe co gin khng vt qu 18m. 6.8. Thi cng b tng khi ln. 6.8.1. Cc kt cu b tng v b tng ct thp c gi l khi ln.khi kch thc cnh nh nht khng di 2,5m v chiu dy ln hn 0,8m. Khi thi cng b tng khi ln phi c cc bin php hn ch ng sut nhit pht sinh do chnh lch nhit gia mt ngoi v trong lng khi b tng trong qu trnh ng rn. Ch thch : Cc bin php khng ch nhit phi thc hin theo cdc chi dn ca thit k. Trng hp thit k khng ch dn c th hn ch bi ng sut nhit bng cc bin php sau: a) Dng ph gia ha do gim lng xi mng; b) Dng xi mng t ta nhit; c) Dng ph gia chm ng kt; d) Lm lnh ct liu v trn b tng bng nuc nhit thp; e) t cc ng ng dn nhit t trong lng b tng ra ngoi bng nc lnh; g) n thm hc vo khi ; . h) Che ph quanh khi b tng bng vt liu cch nhit gi ng u nhit trong khi b tng; i) Chia cc khi thch hp hn ch s tch t nhit trong lng b tng. Vic chia khi cn xc nh c th c tnh n iu 29

TIU CHUN vit nam tcvn 4453 - 1995 kin thi cng, vt liu b tng, iu kin thi tit v c im kt cu. 6.8.2. Khi thi cng b tng khi ln phi thc hin nhng quy nh sau: a) Khi chia kt cu thnh nhiu khi theo chiu cao th mt tip gip gia cc khi phi c nh xm d m bo tnh lin khi; b) Vic b tng khp kn cc khi chn c thc hin sau khi cc khi trc co ngt v nhit gim tng ng vi quy nh trong thit k t chc thi cng; c) i vi mng chu ti trng ng nn b tng lin tc, khng c mch ngng thi cng. Trung hp cn c mch ngng ph hp vi iu kin thi cng th phi c thit k quy nh. d) B tng phi lin tc thnh nhiu lp c chiu dy u nhau, ph hp vi c trng ca my m s dng v theo mt phng nht nh cho tt c cc lp. b tng theo phng php bc thang (cng mt lc hai ba lp) ch thc hin khi c thit k thi cng v cc ch dn v cng ngh b tng bc thang. e) Khong thi gian ngng cho php gia cc lp khng to thnh khe lnh phi qua th nghim, cn c vo nhit mi trng, iu kin thi tit, tnh cht ca xi mng s dng v cc nhn t khc quyt nh. Ch thch : 1) Thi gian tm ngng cho php b tng c th tham kho cc tr s bng 18 nu khng c iu kin th nghim. 2) Nu thi gian tnh ngng vt qu thi gian quy nh trong bng 18 th phi x l b mt b tng. Bng 18 - Thi gian ngng cho php khi b tng khng c ph gia (pht) Nhit trong khi khi b tng, oC Ln hn 30 20 - 30 10 - 20 Khi x l cn thc hin nh sau: - Cng ca lp b tng bn di cha t n 25 daN/cm2 th khng c lm cng tc chun b trn mt lp b tng khc; 30 Xi mng Pooc lng 60 90 135 Xi mng Pooc Lng x Xi mng Puzlan 60 120 180

TIU CHUN vit nam tcvn 4453 - 1995 - Mt b tng ng kt v sau 4 gi - 10 gi th dng vi phun nc, bn chi st lm nhm mt b tng; - Trc khi b tng lp trn, mt b tng x l phi v sinh sch, ht kh nc v ri mt lp va xi mng ct vng dy 2cm - 3cm. 6.8.3. Thi gian tho cp pha phi cn c vo cng t wc ca b tng ng thi xem xt kh nng khng ch vt nt v nhit. Trnh tho cp pha khi c s chnh lch nhit gia khi b tng v nhit mi trng, Khng tho cp pha khi c lung gi lnh. Khi nhit trong lng b tng v nhit mi trng chnh lch nhau qu 15OC 20OC th phi c lp ph bo v b mt b tng sau khi tho cp pha. 6.8.4. Nhng kt cu khi ln khng c ct thp hoc c t ct thp c th n thm hc gim lng xi mng, hn ch nhit khi , nhng phi m bo cht lng theo yu cu thit k. Khi thi cng b tng c n thm hc cn m bo cc quy nh sau: a) Kch thc cnh nh nht ca kt cu khi ln c n hc phi ln hn l00cm. Kch thc ln nht ca hc khng c ln hn 1/3 kch thc nh nht ca khi . c dng thoi dt khng c s dng. Cwng ca hc khng c thp hn cng ca ct liu ln trong b tng; b) hc c xp tha cch u trong khi b tng theo mi pha vi khong cch khng nh hn 30cm. B tng nm trong vng chu ko khng c n thm hc; c) Khi b tng n hc trong thi tit nng cn c bin php gim nhit hc thch hp, sao cho hc c nhit tng ng vi nhit ca hn hp b tng ngay sau khi trn. 6.8.5. Bo dng b tng khi ln. Nhim v ch yu ca vic bo dng b tng khi ln l khng ch s chnh lch nhit gia b mt b tng v trong lng khi b tng nhm hn ch vt nt v nhit. Vic bo dng ny phi cn c vo iu kin thc t m p dng cc bin php sau: . . a) Dn nhit t trong lng khi b tng ra ngoi bng ng ng vi nc c nhit thp hoc bng khng kh. lnh; .

31

TIU CHUN vit nam tcvn 4453 - 1995 b) Bao ph b mt b tng gi cho nhit ca khi b tng c ng u t trong ra ngoi. c) Khng tho d cp pha trc by ngy. 6.9. Thi cng b tng trong thi tit nng v trong ma ma 6.9.1. Vic thi cng b tng trong thi tit nng c thc hin khi nhit mi trng cao hn 30oC. Cn p dng cc bin php phng nga v x l thch hp i vi vt liu qu trnh trn, , m v bo dng b tng khng lm tn hi n cht lng b tng do nhit cao ca mi trng gy ra. 6.9.2. Nhit ca hn hp b tng t my trn nn khng ch khng ln hn 30oC v khi khng ln hn 35oC. 6.9.3. Vic khng ch nhit hn hp b tng c th cn c vo iu kin thc t p dng nh sau: a) Dng nc mt h thp nhit d ct liu ln trc khi trn, dng nc mt trn v bo dng b tng; b) Thit b, phng tin thi cng, bi ct , ni trn v ni b tng cn c che nng; c) Dng xi mng t ta nhit; d) Dng ph gia ha do c c tnh ph hp vi mi trng nhit cao; e) b tng vo ban m hoc sng sm v khng nn thi cng b tng vo nhng ngy c nhit trn 35o C. 6.9.4. Khi thi cng b tng khi ln trong thi tit nng phi m bo cc quy nh ca phn 6.8. 6.9.5. Thi cng b tng trong ma ma cn m bo cc yu cu sau: a) Phi c cc bin php tiu thot nc cho bi ct, , ng vn chuyn, ni trn v ni b tng. b) Tng cng cng tc th nghim xc nh m ca ct liu kp thi iu chnh lng nc trn, m bo gi nguyn t l nc/xi mng theo ng thnh phn chn; c) Cn c mi che chn trn khi khi tin hnh thi cng b tng di tri ma. 6.10. Thi cng b tng bng cp pha trt.

32

TIU CHUN vit nam tcvn 4453 - 1995 6.10.1. Qu trnh thi cng b tng bng cp pha trt c thc hin theo nhng quy nh sau: b tng to chn trc khi trt vi chiu cao 70cm - 80cm, chia lm hai lp nh sau: - Lp th nht c vo cp pha vi chiu cao 35cm - 40cm; - Lp th hai c tip theo, khi lp th nht c v m xong trn ton b cp pha nhng b tng cha ninh kt; Sau buc nng u tin, qu trnh v trt c thc hin lin tc. Lc ny mi lp b tng c vi chiu cao ph hp vi bin php thi cng. 6.10.2. Vic nng cp pha theo chu k c thc hin theo tc trt xc nh trong thit k t chc thi cng, nhng phi m bo khi trt l b tng thi cng b tng t t 15N/cm2 25N/cm2. 6.10.3. Kim tra thng bng ca sn thao tc, sai s tim trc v thng ng ca cp pha trt c thc hin bng cc thit b, phng tin v bin php thch hp m bo yu cu k thut. 6.10.4. B mt b tng cn c gi m theo ch bo dng ca TCVN 5592 : 1991. 6.11. Hon thin b mt b tng 6.10.2. Trong mi trng hp, b mt b tng phi c hon thin tha mn yu cu v cht lng, phng v ng u v mu sc theo quy nh ca thit k. Vic hon thin b mt b tng c chia lm 2 cp: a) Hon thin thng thng. b) Hon thin cp cao. 6.11.2. Hon thin thng thng: Sau khi tho cp pha, b mt b tng phi c sa cha cc khuyt tt v hon thin m bo phng nhn v ng u v mu sc. Mc g gh ca b mt b tng khi o p st bng thc 2m khng vt qu 7mm. 6.11.3. Hon thin cp cao. Hon thin cp cao i hi phng nhn khi kim tra bng thc 2m, g gh khng vt qu 5mm v phi m bo ng u v mu sc. 33

TIU CHUN vit nam tcvn 4453 - 1995 Ch thch : l) Trng thi b mt b tng c hon thin y l nhng kt cu m b mt b tng khng trt hoc khng bao ph b mt. 2) Vic hon thin thng thung b mt b tng c th thc hin bng nhiu phng php khc nhau ty theo mc khuyt tt v tnh cht kt cu. Khi sa cha cc khuyt tt nh r, xc, h thp, nt,... c th thc hin theo cc phng php truyn thng (trt, v, phun va xi mng, c ty v xoa nhn b mt,...). Khi to ng u v mu sc cn lu vic pha trn vi liu d sa cha cc khuyt tt trn b mt. 3) Cc b mt hon thin cp cao thng c thc hin theo phng php xoa mi bng my hoc bng th cng ty theo quy m, din tch b mt kt cu v theo quy nh ca thit k. 7. Kim tra v nghim thu 7.1. Kim tra 7.1.1. Vic kim tra cht lng thi cng b tng ton khi bao gm cc khu: Lp dng cp pha gi, ct thp, ch to hn hp b tng v dung sai ca cc kt cu trong cng trnh. 7.1.2. Kim tra cp pha gio c thc hin theo cc yu cu ghi bng 1 7.1.3. Kim tra cng tc ct thp c thc hin theo cc yu cu ghi bng 10 7.1.4. Kim tra cht lng b tng bao gm vic kim tra vt liu, thit b, quy trnh sn xut, cc tnh cht ca hn hp b tng v b tng ng cng. Cc yu cu kim tra ny c ghi bng 19. 7.1.5. st ca hn hp b tng c kim tra ti hin trng cc quy nh sau: a) i vi b tng trn ti hin trng cn kim tra ngay sau khi trn m b tng u tin; b) i vi b tng trn ti cc trm trn b tng (b tng thng phm) cn kim tra mi ln giao hng ti ni b tng; c) Khi trn b tng trong iu kin thi tit v m vt liu n nh th kim tra mt ln trong mt ca; d) Khi c s thay i chng loi v m vt liu cng nh khi thay i thnh phn cp phi b tng th phi k thut ngay me trn u tin, sau kim tra thm t nht mt ln trong mt ca. 34

TIU CHUN vit nam tcvn 4453 - 1995 7.1.6. Cc mu kim tra cng b tng c ly ti ni b tng v c bo dng m theo TCVN 3105 : 1993. 7.1.7. Cc mu th nghim xc nh cng b tng c ly theo tng t, mi t gm 3 vin mu c ly cng mt lc v cng mt ch theo quy nh ca TCVN 3105 : 1993. Kch thc vin mu chun 150mm x 150mm x 150mm. S lng t mu c quy nh theo khi lng nhn sau: a) i vi b tng khi ln c 500m ly mt t mu khi khi lng b tng trong mt khi ln hn 1000m v c 250m ly mt t mu khi khi lng b tng trong mt khi di 1000 m ; b) i vi cc mng ln, c 100m b tng ly mt mu nhng khng t hn 1 mu cho mt khi
3 3 3 3 3

c) i vi b tng mng b my c khi ln hn 50m th c 50 m ly mt t mu nhng vn ly mt t mu khi khi lng t hn 50m ;

3 3

d) i vi khung v cc kt cu mng (ct, dm, bn, vm...) c 20m ly mt t mu...

e) Trng hp b tng cc kt cu n chic c khi lng t hn th khi cn vn ly mt t mu; f) i vi b tng nn, mt ng (ng t, ng bng...) c 200m b tng ly mt mu nhng nu khi lng b tng t hn 200m vn ly mt t mu;
3 3

g) kim tra tnh chng thm nc ca b tng, c 500m ly mt t mu nhng nu khi lng b tng t hn vn ly mt t mu.
3

7.1.8. Cng b tng trong cng trnh sau khi kim tra tui 28 ngy bng p mu c ti hin trng c coi l t yu cu thit k khi gi tr trung bnh ca tng t mu khng c nh hn mc thit k v khng c mu no trong cc t mu c cng di 85% mc thit k.

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TIU CHUN vit nam tcvn 4453 - 1995

Bng 19- Cc yu cu k thut cht lng thi cng

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TIU CHUN vit nam tcvn 4453 - 1995

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TIU CHUN vit nam tcvn 4453 - 1995

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TIU CHUN vit nam tcvn 4453 - 1995

7.2. Nghim thu: 7.2.1. Cng tc nghim thu c tin hnh ti hin trng v phi c y cc h s sau: a) Cht lng cng tc ct thp (theo binbn nghim thu trc lc b tng); b) Cht lng b tng (thng qua kt qu th mu v quan st bng mt) c) Kch thc, hnh dng, v tr ca kt cu, cc chi tit t sn, khe co gin so vi thit k; d) Bn v hon cng ca tng loi kt cu; e) Cc bn v thi cng c ghi y cc thay i trong qu trnh xy lp; f) Cc vn bn cho php thay i cc chi tit v cc b phn trong thit k; 39

TIU CHUN vit nam tcvn 4453 - 1995 g) Cc kt qu kim tra cng b tng trn cc mu th v cc kt qu kim tra cht lng cc loi vt liu khc nu c. h) Cc bin bn nghim thu ct thp, cp pha trc khi b tng i) Cc bin bn nghim thu mng k) Cc bin bn nghim thu trung gian ca cc b phn kt cu l) S nht k thi cng. 7.2.2. Dung sai cho php Cc sai s cho php v kch th C v v tr ca kt cu b tng v b tng ct thp ton khi so vi thit k khng vt qu cc tr s ghi trong bng 20. Cc sai lch ny c xc nh theo cc phng php o t bng cc thit b v dng c chuyn dng.

Ph lc A
S liu thit k cp pha gio cho kt cu b tng v b tng ct thp ton khi A.1. Khi thit k cp pha gio phi tnh ton vi cc tr s ti trng tiu chun sau y: A.1.1 Ti trng thng ng: a) Khi lng th tch ca cp pha gio xc nh theo bn v thit k. Khi lng th tch ca g khng phn loi theo TCVN 1072 : 40

TIU CHUN vit nam tcvn 4453 - 1995 1971 nh sau: -Nhm -Nhm -Nhm -Nhm III t 600 kg/m n 730 kg/m . IV t 550 kg/m n 610 kg/m . V t 500 kg/m n 540 kg/m . VI t 490 kg/m tr xung
3 3 3 3 3 3 3

b) Khi lng n v th tch ca b tng nng thng thng tnh bng 2500kg/m
3

-i vi cc loi b tng khc tnh theo khi lng thc t. c) Khi lng ca ct thp, ly theo thitk, trng hp khng c khi lng c th khi ly 100kg/m b tng ct thp;
3

d) Ti trng do ngi v dng c thi cng: -Khi tnh ton cp pha sn v vm th ly 250 daN/m
2

-Khi tnh ton cc np gia cng mt cp pha ly 150 daN/m -Khi tnh ton ct chng cc kt cu ly 100 daN/m .
2

Ch thch: 1. Mt cp pha sn v dm phi c kim tra li vi trng ti tp trung do ngi v dng c thi cng l 130daN,do xe ci tin ch y btng l 350daN 2. Nu chiu rng ca cc kt cu cp pha ghp li vi nhau nh hn 150mm th lc tp trung ni trn c phn u cho hai tm k nhau. e) Ti trng do dm rung ly bng 200 daN/m A.1.2. Ti trng ngang a) Ti trng gi ly theo TCVN 2337 : 1990 i vi thi cng ly 50% ti trng gi tiu chun. b) p lc ngang ca b tng mi vo cp pha xc nh theo bng A.1. c) Ti trng do chn ng pht sinh khi b tng vo cp pha ca kt cu xy dng theo bng A.2
2

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TIU CHUN vit nam tcvn 4453 - 1995

A.2 Khi tnh ton cc b phn ca cp pha theo kh nng chu lc, cc ti trng tiu chun nu trong A.1 phi c nhn vi h s vt ti quy nh trong bng A.3.

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TIU CHUN vit nam tcvn 4453 - 1995

- Khi xt n ti trng tm thi ca ti trng hu ch v ti trng gi, tt c cc ti trng trong tnh ton (tr ti trng bn thn) u phi nhn vi h s 0.9. - Khi tnh ton cc b phn ca cp pha gio v bin dng, cc ti trng khng c nhn vi h s qu ti. A.3. vng ca cc b phn cp pha do tc ng ca ti trng khng c ln hn cc tr s sau: a) i vi cp pha ca b mt l ra ngoi ca kt cu: 1/400 nhp ca b phn cp pha. b) i vi cp pha ca b mt b che khut cc kt cu: 1/250 nhp ca b phn cp pha; c) vng n hi hoc ln ca g chng cp pha: 1/1000 nhp t do ca kt cu b tng ct thp tng ng. A.4. Tnh ton n nh chng lt ca cp pha v gio phi xt n tac ng ng thi ca ti trng gii v khi lng bn thn. Nu cp pha c lp lin vi ct thp th phi tnh c khi lng ct thp, h s ti i vi ti trng gi ly bng 1.2 v 0.8 i vi cc ti trng chng lt. Ngoi ra, h s an ton v n nh chng lt khng c nh hn 1.25

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TIU CHUN vit nam tcvn 4453 - 1995

Ph lc B
Ct thp ca cc kt cu b tng ct thp B.1. Phnloi v tnh cht ca ct thp B.1.1. Ct thp trong cc kt cu b tng ct thp c phn loi nh sau: a) Theo cng ngh ch to: thp cn nng v thp cn ngui. b) Theo iu kin s dng: Ct thp trong kt cu b tng ct thp thng v ct thp trong kt cu b tng ng sut trc. c) Theo tnh hnh dng: ct thp trn v ct thp c g. B.1.2. Tnh cht c hc ca ct thp c c trng bng tr s gii hn chy, cng cc hn v gin di tng i B.1.3. Mt s loi thp thng trtong kt cu b tng ct thp sn xut trong nc v nc ngoi ghi bng sau:

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TIU CHUN vit nam tcvn 4453 - 1995

Ch thch: i vi c tthp c ng knh ln hn 40mm, c php gim tiu chun v dn di tng i.Khi ng knh tng ln 1mm, dn di tng i c gim 0.23% nhng khng c gim qu 3%. B.2. X l ct thp B.2.1. tit kim ct thp cho php dng ct thp x l ngui trong cc kt cu b tng ct thp. B.2.2. Khi x l ct thp (ko ngui, rt ngui) phi tun theo cc quy nh sau y: a) X l ko ngui, dng ct thp trn cn nng v thp c g nng, x l; rt ngui, dng loi ct thp trn cn nng. b) Ct thp rt ngui phi ch c b mt trn khng g, sai lch ng knh khng qu 0.1mm.

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TIU CHUN vit nam tcvn 4453 - 1995

B.2.3. ng knh thp x l ngui nn p dng nh sau: a) ng knh ct thp ko ngui 6mm - 22mm; b) ng knh thp rt ngui di 10mm.

Ph lc C
Bng tnh sn thnh phn vt liu cho 1m b tng nng mc 100
3

Di y l bng tnh sn cho 1m3 b tng M100 dng lp d ton, sn xut v thi cng cng trnh. S liu trong bn cha tnh n hao ht trong qu trnh vn chuyn bo qun v thi cng trn hin trng. Hn hp b tng nhn c c st 3cm - 4cm trn c s vt liu: a) Ct liu nh theo TCVN 1770 : 1986 "Ct xy dng - Yu cu k thut" 46

TIU CHUN vit nam tcvn 4453 - 1995 b) Ct liu ln theo TCVN 1771 : 1986 " dm, si dng trong xy dng" c) Xi mng theo TCVN 2682 : 1992 " Xi mng poc lng" d) Nc theo TCVN 4506 : 1987 " Nc cho be tng v va -Yu cu k thut"; thnh ohn b tng trong bng c tnh vi xi mng PC30.

Ph lc D
H s tnh i kt qu th nn v cng cc vin mu b tng c kch thc khc vi vin mu chun 150mm x 150mm x 150mm. Hnh dng v kch thc mu, mm Mu thp phng 100 x 100 x 100 150 x 150 x150 200 x 200 x200 300 x 300 x 300 Mu tr 71.4 x 143 v 100 x 200 150 x 300 200 x 400 0,91 1,00 1,05 1,10 H s tnh i

1,16 1,20 1,24

Ph lc E
Bng chuyn i mt s n v o lng hp php

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TIU CHUN vit nam tcvn 4453 - 1995

48