Phn vng a

Contents A/ Kin thc c bn 1. Cc khi nim chung 2. Thao tc phn vng a 3. Phn mm phn vng 4. Nhng nguyn tc chung ca cc phn mm phn vng 5. Vn thng gp - tng gim kch thc phn vng B/ Easeus Partition Master (EPM) 1. Lm quen 2. Hng dn s dng chi tit 2.1. p dng cc thao tc vo a tht 2.2. To phn vng 2.3. Xa phn vng. 2.4. Thay i kch c, dch chuyn phn vng 2.5. nh dng li phn vng. 2.6. Sao chp phn vng 2.7. Sp nhp phn vng 2.8. Xa d liu an ton 2.9. Phc hi phn vng 2.10. Kim tra li 2.11. Chuyn i 2.12. Mt s cng c khc 3. Tng kt C/ Acronis Disk Director 1. Lm quen 2. Hng dn s dng chi tit 2.1. p dng cc thao tc vo a tht 2.2. To phn vng mi 2.3. Xa phn vng - Xa d liu an ton 2.4. Thay i kch thc - dch chuyn mt phn vng 2.5. nh dng 2.6. Chuyn i 2.7. Thay i kch thc cluster khng mt d liu 2.8. Cng c nhanh to thm phn vng 2.9. Cng c nhanh sao chp phn vng 2.10. Cng c nhanh tng kch thc mt phn vng 2.11. Mt s cng c khc 3. Tng kt D/ Tng hp

A/ Kin thc c bn 1. Cc khi nim chung a cng - HDD - Hard Disk Drive l b phn lu tr d liu ca my vi tnh. Hu ht cc thut ng, khi nim trong bi u nm trong lnh vc my tnh hay c th hn l phn mm my tnh. Cc khi nim u tn ti dng logic ch ko dng vt l. Partition - l mt thut ng phn mm, ni n mt vng khng gian cha d liu xc nh trn a cng. C 2 loi phn vng l Primary - phn vng khi ng, dng ci t h iu hnh (OS), v Extended l phn vng m rng, trong c th chia nh thnh cc phn vng Logical cha d liu ring. Phn vng Logical khng c kh nng khi ng. nh dng ni chung ca a cng hay mt phn vng ni ln cch thc lu tr, giao tip ca h thng vi d liu c trn a hay phn vng . Cc nh dng khc nhau do cc hng cng ngh khc nhau to ra cho h thng ca mnh. Trong bi ch cp n cc nh dng ca Microsoft Windows. a cng thng thng c 2 nh dng ch yu l MBR v GPT. nh dng MBR s dng MBR - Master Boot Record qun l ton b a, l nh dng ph bin hin nay. Trong khi GPT (GUID Partition Table) l nh dng ti u hn, tuy nhin li hi kh hnh dung cng nh s dng, c xem l nh dng a cng trong tng lai. Trong bi, cc a cng c cp u dng MBR. Trong mt a nh dng MBR, ch cho php tn ti ti a 4 phn vng Primary, hoc 3 phn vng Primary - 1 phn vng Extended (Gi l quy tc 4pri). Phn vng Primary phi c Set Active mi khi ng c. y cng l 2 li rt thng gp ca ngi dng khi t phn vng a. File System - H thng tp tin hay nh dng phn vng: Phn vng trong cc h iu hnh Microsoft Windows thng c nh dng FAT, FAT32 hay NTFS. FAT (tn y l FAT16), FAT32 l mt loi nh dng c s dng t thi MS-DOS v Windows 9x. Ngy nay FAT vn cn tn ti cc thit b lu tr nh th nh, usb flash, cng di ng Tnh bo mt km do khng h tr phn quyn. Kh nng chu li rt km. nh dng FAT ch h tr phn vng c dung lng nh hn 2GB v tp tin c . nh dng FAT32 kh hn khi h tr phn vng dung lng 2TB v tp tin khng qu 4GB. NTFS l nh dng c mt t Windows 2000, c kh nng chu li cao, m ha, phn quyn ti tng tp tin. Vi kh nng lu tr ca cc thit b hin nay, c th tm coi cc kch thc NTFS l khng gii hn. nh dng NTFS l nh dng rt u vit, khuyn co nn tt c cc phn vng ca bn theo nh dng ny, tr cc a di ng, usb flash FAT32 theo khuyn co ca nh sn xut. Cluster size: Coi phn vng ca bn nh mt kt bia c chia thnh nhiu , mi tp tin l mt (hoc mt vi) chai bia, d mt hay mt vi chai th mt cng ch cha 01 chai m thi. Vy 1 chnh l 1 cluster v cluster size chnh l kch thc ca . Kch thc cng ln th dung lng b lng ph cng ln, nhng tc truy xut li nhanh hn

nhiu. Cluster size l thng s ring ca mt phn vng. ti u: t cluster size ln nu bn c nhiu file v cc file c dung lng ln; ngc li, nu bn c nhiu file dung lng nh, hy t cluster size nh dung lng b lng ph t nht. 2. Thao tc phn vng a Thao tc phn vng cho a c th hiu l phn chia li cc khong khng lu tr trn a cho ph hp vi mc ch s dng. Da trn cu to, cch lm vic ca a cng v h thng (c bit l Windows), ta c th thy vic phn chia a thnh nhiu phn vng c cc u im sau: Tch h iu hnh (OS) v d liu cc nhn ca ngi s dng. Gip qun l, sao lu, phc hi vi OS m khng nh hng ti d liu. S dng nhiu OS trn cng mt a cng. To khu vc ring cho b nh o, tp phn trang ca OS. Qun l cc vng d liu c lp. Mt phn vng li s khng nh hng ti cc phn vng khc. D qun l d liu ring t bng cc bin php cn thit cho c mt phn vng (vd: m ha) Tng tc truy xut d liu trong mt phn vng: V mt phn cng, u t d dng hot ng lin tc hn trong phm vi hp. V mt phn mm, truy xut tp tin t bng qun l tp tin (vd nh $MFT ca NTFS) cng nh th cng nhanh. Tuy nhin, phn vng ni chung cng c nhc im : Gim dung lng lu tr ca HDD (tng dung lng - ngm - cn qun l lu tr cho tng phn vng) Gim nng lc lu tr thc ca a (vd: HDD bn c 2 phn vng, mi phn vng cn trng 10GB, bn khng th copy mt file 15GB vo u mc d HDD ca bn thc s cn trng n 20GB). Tng kh nng phn mnh d liu > gim tc truy xut chung, gim kh nng cu d liu nu li phn vng. Chm qu trnh di chuyn tp tin trong a ( nu cng phn vng, Windows s thc hin sa a ch trn MFT - thao tc move coi nh xong, nhng nu khc phn vng Windows s phi thc hin vicmove khi d liu thc s) Gim tc truy xut d liu trung bnh ton h thng: Cc khu vc d liu thng xuyn c truy xut trn ton b a (theo thng k ca Windows) s ko gom c vo 1 vng, gim kh nng ti u ng i ca u c. V vy, nn chia cng thnh vi phn vng qun l nhng ng qu nhiu, tr cc phn vng h iu hnh th cc phn vng d liu: mi phn vng nn khong 20-25% dung lng ca ton a cng l tt nht. 3. Phn mm phn vng Phn mm phn vng l cng c c lc gip ngi s dng thc hin cc thao tc phn vng. Cng vi s pht trin ca a cng, cc phn mm phn vng cng ngy cng pht trin, nhiu chc nng hn, d s dng hn, h tr cc a ln hn Gn b t

thu u tin vi a cng l Fdisk ca MS-DOS ri sau ny l Disk Management ca Windows, cc chc nng c sn phn mm ca Microsoft u rt ngho nn nhng c ci an ton. Cc hng sn xut phn cng nh Samsung, Maxtor, Quantum, WD u c cc cng c phn vng ca ring nhng u kh s dng, t h tr a khc hng v tp trung vo cc chc nng chuyn su. Ch c cc phn mm ca bn th 3 nh Symatec, Acronis, Easeus hay Gparted ca cng ng Linux l d s dng, cp nht v h tr nhiu hn. Partition Magic (c lm bi tp on PowerQuest nhng by gi thuc quyn s hu ca Symantec) ngng pht trin t 2005 tr nn qu lc hu hay Gparted hi kh s dng trong mi trng Linux. Paragon Partition Manager hay Acronis Disk Director bn ci t u rt t v cng knh - bt tin. Hin ti ch cn Easeus partition manager - min ph - nh gn chy trn Windows v Acronis Disk Director phin bn cu h l 2 ng c vin sng gi. Mnh s ln lt gii thiu vi cc bn trong bi. 4. Nhng nguyn tc chung ca cc phn mm phn vng

y l m hnh theo t l tng i ca cc phn vng vi nhau gip ngi s dng d hnh dung. Pha di cc phn vng l chi tit v nh dng, dung lng chnh xc ca cc phn vng . Khong trng c ch Unallocated l khong khng gian cha c nh dng trn a cng. Cc phn mm phn vng hin nay u c giao din ha trnh by m hnh theo mu ny. Cc phn mm phn vng u cho php xem trc ton b cc thao tc trn m hnh - to thnh mt list, sau khi ngi dng hi lng vi m hnh phn vng mi th n nt "Thc hin" ton b ln a cng tht. Sau khi phn mm thc hin xong, vic khi phc li m hnh c l khng th (rt kh). V vy bn hy cn nhc k quyt nh cng nh cn thn trong tng thao tc ca mnh. Tt v lu tt c cc chng trnh trc khi thao tc phn vng trn Windows. m bo cp in y cho my tnh khi thc hin phn vng (c trn Windows v trn a cu h). Mt in khi thao tc phn vng cha hon thnh c th khin bn li a cng v mt ton b d liu. 5. Vn thng gp - tng gim kch thc phn vng

Tng gim kch thc phn vng l yu cu rt thng gp trong qu trnh s dng my tnh. gii quyt vn ny, bn cn nm c vi thao tc c bn sau. To phn vng: l thao tc nh dng cho mt khong Unallocated tr thnh mt phn vng s dng c Xa phn vng: phn vng b xa s tr thnh khong Unallocated. Gim kch thc mt phn vng iu kin: Phn vng cha y - cha s dng ht dung lng. V d bn mun gim kch thc phn vng E

Dch chuyn mt phn vng iu kin: phi c khong Unallocated cnh phn vng .

Tng kch thc mt phn vng iu kin: phi c khong Unallocated cnh phn vng .

Tm li Trong thc t, mt yu cu tng gim kch thc phn vng s phi kt hp t 2 - 3 thao tc c bn trn. Mt s trng hp thng gp nh: Cn tng dung lng cho mt phn vng, trc ht cn thc hin gim dung lng 1 phn vng cnh n hoc xa 1 phn vng cnh n c khong Unallocated

Cn chia thm phn vng th trc ht gim dung lng 1 phn vng no ly khong Unallocated ri tin hnh to phn vng trn khong . Tt c u kt hp cc thao tc c bn, bn hy nm k cc thao tc vn dng. B/ Easeus Partition Master (EPM) 1. Lm quen EPM l mt gii php phn vng v cng l mt cng c qun l qun l a All-inOne min ph. N cho php bn qun l khng gian a mt cch d dng, gii quyt cc vn v phn vng ngay trn Windows. Phin bn min ph mi c thm c tnh nng copy a v khi phc phn vng, h tr cc a dung lng ln, USB flash gn ngoi. Phin bn min ph h tr ci t trn Windows 200/XP/Vista/W7 c 32bit v 64bit. Trang ch: http://www.partition-tool.com/ Hoc http://download.cnet.com/EaseUS-Part...-10863346.html Ci t

Click p file mi ti v bt u ci t

Next

I accept the agreement > Next

Next

Next

Next

C th trng cc thng tin ng k > Next

B "Show at startup" > Go to main screen

y l giao din chnh ca chng trnh Vng 1 l list v chi tit nh dng, dung lng cc phn vng c trn a cng Vng 2 l m hnh da trn t l dung lng cc phn vng, bm chut phi vo cc phn vng cng c tc dng nh trn vng 1 - list. Vng 3 - Operations - hin th cc chc nng, khi chn mt phn vng no trong list vng ny s hin th cc thao tc c th thc hin vi vng (ging y nh click chut phi vo phn vng). Pha di vng l mc Pending Operations cha list cc thao tc thc hin nhng cha c hiu lc. Vng 4 l Toolbar, khng quan trng lm tr 2 nt Undo (u tin) v nt Apply (th 3). Vng 5 thanh menu cha mt vi ty chn chnh sa giao din, cc chc nng nh vng 3 v qung co cho mt s tnh nng c ph ca hng. 2. Hng dn s dng chi tit 2.1. p dng cc thao tc vo a tht Mi thao tc bn thc hin u c ghi li vo list Pending Operations nm di cng bn tri giao din chnh

S dng phim Undo xa thao tc va thc hin, phm Apply thc hin ton b thao tc trn a tht.

Mt s thao tc khng th thc hin lun m s thc hin sau khi khi ng li.

Sau khi sp xp cng vic, hy bm YES my tnh khi ng li v phn mm hon thnh nt. 2.2. To phn vng Bm chut phi vo khong trng Unallocated, chn Create Partition

Hp thoi Create Partition hin ra. Bn in vo cc mc cn ch sau: Partition Label: l nhn, hay chnh l tn ring bn t cho phn vng Create As: Logical hay Primary. Nh quy tc 4pri File System: nh dng phn vng, nn NTFS. Drive Letter: k t i din cho phn vng. Cluster Size: mc nh - Default. Khung bn di l m hnh cho khong phn vng cn to. (Nu phn vng bn to chim ht khong Unallocated th khng cn ch mc ny): C th cm 2 mp c nm trn ko cho phn vng c kch thc v v tr va . Unallocated Space Before: dung lng khong trng bn tri phn vng s to. Partition Size: dung lng phn vng s to Unallocated Space After: dung lng khong trng bn phi phn vng s to.

2.3. Xa phn vng. Click chut phi vo phn vng cn xa, chn Delete Partition

Mt hp thoi hin ra, bm OK xc nhn yu cu xa.

2.4. Thay i kch c, dch chuyn phn vng Click chut phi vo phn vng , chn Resize/Move Partition

Ca s Resize/Move Partition hin ra

Cng c n gin ch gm c m hnh v mt s la chn di. Vic tng gim kch thc hay dch chuyn phn vng c th hon thnh mt cch tng i bng cch ko th 2 nm di, hoc dch ton b khi phn vng v 2 pha, cc thng s pha di s t thay i theo. Rt c bit, khi s dng EPM

bn c th ko th thay i kch c hay dch chuyn phn vng ngay ti vng s 2 -

vng m hnh giao din chnh thay v m hp thoi Resize/Move Partition. y l mt khc bit rt th v, gip thao tc n gin hn vi tt c mi ngi. 2.5. nh dng li phn vng. Thao tc ny s xa ton b d liu c trn phn vng v nh dng li phn vng . Thc hin: Click chut phi vo phn vng, chn cng c Format.

Partition Label: l nhn, hay chnh l tn ring bn t cho phn vng File System: nh dng phn vng, nn NTFS. Cluster Size: ty bn 2.6. Sao chp phn vng 2.7. Sp nhp phn vng Click chut phi vo 1 trong 2 phn vng cn sp nhp, chn Merge partition

Tch chn cc phn vng mun sp nhp. Lu cc phn vng cn sp nhp phi nm st cnh nhau - lin tc. Mc Merge selected partitions to: t tn cho phn vng mi c sp nhp theo tn ca phn vng no trc . 2.8. Xa d liu an ton Khi bn Delete Partition, thc cht ch c bng qun l cc tp tin b xa dn n ton b d liu b tng hnh, thc cht d liu vn nm trn a cng. Cng c Wipe ca EPM gip d liu b ghi bng mt d liu khc, mt hn kh nng phc hi. Thc hin: Cng c Wipe c th thc hin trn phn vng, trn mt khong Unallocated hoc quy m c a

Sau khi chn i tng, chn s ln ghi thch hp, bm OK

2.9. Phc hi phn vng 2.10. Kim tra li a/ Kim tra li a cng: Click chut phi vo a, chn Surface Test

Ca s Surface test hin ra v qu trnh kim tra bt u lun

Qu trnh ny s tin hnh kim tra li trn b mt a cng, cc im b h hi s c nh du h iu hnh khng s dng na. Vic kim tra ny cng c i cht tc dng vi nhng a hi km. Vi nhng a qu km chc khng c phn mm no cha c, phi dng n phn cng (vd nh ba ) b/ Kim tra li phn vng Click chut phi vo phn vng cn kim tra, chon Check Partition

Check Partition Properties: Kim tra cc thuc tnh ca phn vng. Call Windows chkdisk.exe: gi chng trnh Chkdsk c sn trong Windows sa li nu c. Surface Test: kim tra b mt phn vng (ging nh trn).

Bn nn chn c 3 mc cho chc n, sau khi chn bm OK. Qu trnh kim tra s bt u lun. 2.11. Chuyn i Chuyn t FAT/FAT32 sang NTFS: click chut phi vo phn vng FAT chn Convert to NTFS. (Yu cu phn vng cn trng t nht 3%) Chuyn t Primary sang Logical v ngc li: Click chut phi vo phn vng Primary chn Convert to Logical hoc click chut phi vo phn vng Logical chn Convert to Primary. Chuyn t a Dynamic sang Basic: Click chut phi vo u a, chn Convert to basic disk 2.12. Mt s cng c khc Set active: ch dnh cho cc phn vng primary - phn vng no c set active s l phn vng khi ng Change label: i tn ring - nhn phn vng Change drive letter: i k t i din phn vng. V EPM chy trn Windows nn k t i din ny chnh l k t bn s nhn thy trong My Computer v cc trnh duyt file khc. Bn c th i k t i din theo mun, min l k t cha c phn vng no s dng. Explore partition: cng c gip bn duyt cy th mc, xem tn file, dung lng, ngy thng to file. Vy thi. Defragment: chng phn mnh cho phn vng. Khng cn thit lm, nn dnh cho cc cng c chuyn nghip. Hide partition: cng c n phn vng. D liu trn phn vng cn nguyn nhng s khng xut hin trn bt k h iu hnh no. Rt ngha v n gin vi ngi dng nghip d nu mun n giu d liu. Rebuild MBR: dnh cho a, c l hi tha khi bn vn khi ng c Windows sun s s dng EPM. Hn na cng c ny cng rt ngho nn khi ch cung cp MBR cho h nh Windows. 3. Tng kt D s dng, thm m cao, cc chc nng quan trng u hon thnh xut sc v c bit, bn c th s dng min ph. EPM l s la chn s 1 trong cc phn mm phn vng chy trn Windows hin nay. C/ Acronis Disk Director 1. Lm quen Acronis Disk Director c trong a cu h HirenBoot t bn 8.0 n 10.6 Ti v ti a ch: http://www.hirensbootcd.org

http://www.hirensbootcd.org/files/Hi...ootCD.10.6.zip (Acronis Disk Director trn a cu h chnh hng c nhng bn mi hn, giao din p v trc quan hn, mnh m hn rt nhiu nhng v tnh ph bin ca a HirenBoot nn mnh ch gii thiu bn ny mi ngi tin s dng) vo Acronis trong a Hirenboot bn lm nh sau:

Khi ng t a CD

Chn Dos Programs

Chn Partition Tools

Chn 8. More

Chn 2. Acronis Disk Director Suite 10 Sau bm Enter cho n khi vo c giao din chng trnh nh hnh di

Trc khi vo giao din chnh, chn Manual Mode

Giao din ca ADD cng tng ng vi EPM, gm c thanh toolbar pha trn, list v m hnh phn vng pha bn phi, cc cng c tng ng nm bn tay tri. 2. Hng dn s dng chi tit 2.1. p dng cc thao tc vo a tht S dng phim Undo xa thao tc va thc hin, phm Commit thc hin ton b thao tc trn a tht. C th dng nt ny trn Toolbar hoc vo Menu Operations > Commit (Nt Commit ca ADD tng ng vi nt Apply trn cc phn mm khc)

2.2. To phn vng mi

2.3. Xa phn vng - Xa d liu an ton Bm chut phi vo phn vng cn x l, chn Delete

Delete partition: la chn ny ch xa phn vng, d liu vn c kh nng phc hi Delete partition and destroy data: xa phn vng v hy d liu bng cch ghi nhiu ln. S ln ghi c th thay i theo mun ( y l 1) (Gp cng c xa phn vng v xa d liu thnh 1 hp nh vy cng rt tin) 2.4. Thay i kch thc - dch chuyn mt phn vng Click chut phi vo phn vng cn x l, chn Resize

C th ko th 2 mp hoc iu chnh thng s di n khi va 2.5. nh dng Click chut phi vo phn vng cn nh dng, chn Format

Partition label: t tn phn vng

File system: nn l NTFS Cluster size: ty bn 2.6. Chuyn i Click chut phi vo phn vng cn x l, chn Advanced > Convert

C th chuyn i nh dng FAT32-NTFS hoc chuyn qua li gia Primary-Logical Hoc Advanced > Change Type c nhiu ty chn nh dng hn

2.7. Thay i kch thc cluster khng mt d liu Chn phn vng cn i cluster > Change Cluster Size

Bng di y cho thy rt r, kch thc cluster cng ln th dung lng b hao ht cng nhiu. Ct Wasted cho thy c th lng hao ht trong trng hp ny, ng vi tng c Cluster. Nhp kch thc m bn mun vo New cluster size > OK 2.8. Cng c nhanh to thm phn vng (Nhm cng c nhanh ny rt c bit, th hin ADD nghin cu k hnh vi ngi dng, gp cc thao tc cn thit cho mt mc ch vo chung ca s, trnh nhm ln hoc ngi dng t m nh cc phn mm khc, tuy vy, vn cn hi rm r)

Chn phn vng m bn mun ct bt dung lng to phn vng mi > Next

Dung lng trng mun ct ra Tip theo, chn loi phn vng mi Primary (active) hay Logical, nh dng NTFS v t tn ring cho phn vng > Xong 2.9. Cng c nhanh sao chp phn vng 2.10. Cng c nhanh tng kch thc mt phn vng 2.11. Mt s cng c khc

Recover Partition: cng ging nh EPM, cng c ny ch c th phc hi phn vng dng Unallocated (kiu nh xa nhm), khng c nhiu ngha lm. Merge: sp nhp 2 phn vng, rt n gin. Advanced > Set active: ch dnh cho cc phn vng primary - phn vng no c set active s l phn vng khi ng Change label: i tn ring - nhn phn vng Advanced Hide: cng c n phn vng. D liu trn phn vng cn nguyn nhng s khng xut hin trn bt k h iu hnh no. Rt ngha v n gin vi ngi dng nghip d nu mun n giu d liu. 3. Tng kt ADD l cng c chy trn a cu h, mang tnh c ng cao, d dng x l khi gp trc trc v phn vng. ng thi do ADD chy c lp vi h iu hnh nn thi gian thc hin nhanh hn ng k so vi EPM. S dng ADD rt n gin v d hiu, v vy Acronis vn l cng c phn vng tt nht trn cc a cu h hin ti. D/ Tng hp Trn y l 2 phn mm tt nht chy trn mi trng Windows v a cu h, ty vo nhu cu cng nh iu kin thit b sn c, bn hy chn cho mnh phn mm ph hp Sau y l bng tng kt, nh gi