Hi nhp kinh t quc t m ra cho cc doanh nghip Vit Nam c hi ln xm nhp nhng th trng mi, rng ln v hp dn.

. ng thi cng tim n khng t thch thc, trong c bn ph gi.

NI DUNG
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Bn ph gi (dumping) l g? Ti sao li c hin tng bn ph gi? C s kinh t hc cho vic bn ph gi. Thit hi ca vic bn ph gi? Lm th no xc nh bn ph gi? Cc bin php hn ch bn ph gi. Thu chng bn ph gi

NI DUNG

8. C phi mi trng hp bn ph gi u c 9. Thu chng bn ph gi chnh thc c p 10. Cc s liu thng k v bn ph gi ca Vit

Ti liu tham kho

Phng Cng nghip Thng mi Vit Nam VCCI - Ti liu chng bn ph gi. Routledge International Economics. 6th Economics Edition. 2004 http://www.chongbanphagia.com

1. Bn ph gi (dumping) l g?
Bn ph gi trong thng mi quc t l hin tng xy ra khi mt loi hng ha c xut khu (bn sang th trng nc khc) vi gi thp hn gi bn ca mt hng ti th trng nc xut khu.

1. Bn ph gi (dumping) l g?
Hiu mt cch n gin hn, nu gi xut khu (gi XK) ca mt mt hng thp hn gi ni a (gi thng thng) ca n th sn phm c coi l bn ph gi ti th trng nc nhp khu sn phm .

2. Ti sao li c hin tng dumping?

C nhiu nguyn nhn dn n hin tng dumping trong thng mi quc t. Nhiu trng hp vic bn ph gi c mc ch khng lnh mnh t nhng li ch nht nh:
Loi b cc i th cnh tranh, chim th c quyn. Chim lnh th phn. Thu ngoi t mnh

2. Ti sao li c hin tng dumping?

V i khi, vic bn ph gi l nm ngoi s mong mun ca nh sn xut: xut khu nhng khng th bn c hng. thng d cung sn xut (cung vt cu). sn xut b nh tr. sn phm lu kho lu ngy c th b h hng. Do bn tho vi gi thp mong thu hi c mt phn vn

3. C s kinh t hc
Gi nh: DN cnh tranh c quyn (quyt nh gi trong nc) Chp nhn (c XK) theo gi th gii. Chi ph giao dch v nhng lut l bin gii to ra s chia ct th trng. DN c th la chn nhng th trng cc QG khc nhau vi c ch phn bit gi khc nhau (price discrimination)

3. ng c ca cc nh sn xut
MR=MC : Profit Maximazing
P3 P1 P W = P2

C ch phn bit gi (price discrimination)

MC D = MR (as a perfectly competitive firm in other market) D MR Q3 Q1 Q2

4. Thit hi ca vic bn ph gi
Gy thit hi (injury) v li ch kinh t cho cc nh sn xut ni a ca nc XK (thit hi thc t hin ti/ thit hi tng lai/ ri ro tim n) Ngn cn s hnh thnh mt ngnh sn xut ni a ca nc XK. Tc ng lm gim gi SP tng t hay km hm gi SP tng t ca th trng ni a ca nc XK.

4. Nhng yu t, ch s o lng thit hi (measuring injury factors)

Mc suy gim thc t/tim n ca doanh s, li nhun, sn lng, th phn, nng sut, t l li/u t, gi gi Cc nhn t nh hng gi trong nc (cung, cu, sn phm tng t/thay th). th Thit hi thc t/tim n i vi qu trnh chu chuyn tin mt, lng lu kho, cng n vic lm, lng bng, kh nng tng trng, kh nng huy ng vn, ngun u t.

 Cn ch l nu mt hoc mt s cc yu t trn xy ra, khng nht thit phi c kt lun cui cng v vic c thit hi hay khng. Vn quan trng l cch thc nh gi nh th no. mi quc gia s c quyn ty n nh cc quy tc nh gi cc yu t ni trn trong tng th cc yu t kt lun vic bn ph gi c gy ra thit hi hay khng.

5. Xc nh hnh vi bn ph gi
Thng qua s so snh gi gia gi thng thng v gi xut khu: Gi TT Gi XK = X Nu X > 0 th c hin tng bn ph gi * Vic kt lun c bn ph gi hay khng ph thuc vo cch tnh gi TT, gi XK, v hiu s ca 2 yu t ny.

Gi XK (export price) l g? c tnh nh th no?

Gi XK l gi bn sn phm t nc sn xut (nc XK) sang nc NK. Cch tnh: L gi trong giao dch mua bn gia nh XK v nh NK. Hoc xc nh t cc chng t mua bn nh: ha n thng mi, vn n, L/C.

Gi TT (normal value) l g? c tnh nh th no?

Gi TT l gi bn ca sn phm tng t vi sn phm b iu tra ti th trng nc xut khu. Cch tnh: Xc nh bng gi bn ca SPTT ti th trng nc XK (ni SP c sn xut ra). Xc nh bng gi bn ca SPTT t nc XK lin quan sang th trng mt nc th ba. Hoc theo gi tr tnh ton (constructed normal value): Gi TT = gi thnh sx + cc CP + li nhun

So snh v quy tc
So snh gi XK v gi TT: Cch 1: dng gi bnh qun gia quyn. Cch 2: gi ca tng giao dch. Cch 3: Gi TT bnh qun gia quyn so vi gi XK ca tng giao dch. Quy tc tnh: Cng 1 cp thng mi (cng l gi xut xng, gi s, hay gi l). Cng thi im tnh ton. cp n nhng khc bit (khi lng, dung lng, k bn hng, thu..) Quy i cng mt n v tin t (t gi hi oi)

6. Cc bin php hn ch bn ph gi
Bin php tm thi (provisional measures): l measures bin php do c quan c thm quyn p dng i vi hng ho b iu tra NK vo nc nhp khu trc khi c quyt nh cui cng v bin php chng bn ph gi vi mc ch ch yu l ngn chn thit hi tip tc xy ra trong qu trnh iu tra bn ph gi.

Bin php tm thi (provisional measures)

Thu tm thi; hoc Hnh thc m bo: bng tin m bo (bond); hoc t cc (cash deposit) vi khon tin tng ng vi mc thu chng bn ph gi c d tnh tm thi; hoc Tm nh ch nh gi tnh thu (with holding of appraisement) tc l phi ch r mc thu thng thng vi mc thu chng bn ph gi d tnh yu cu.
iu kin chung: khng vt qu bin ph gi c xc nh trong kt lun s b. Trong cc bin php trn, Hip nh chng bn ph gi ca WTO (ADA Anti Dumping Agreement) khuyn khch cc thnh vin p dng bin php th 2. V thc t, hu ht cc nc u 2 s dng bin php tm thi ny bi th tc kh n gin, d thng qua, d p dng.

Bin ph gi (dumping margin) margin

DM = (Gi TT Gi XK)/Gi XK Vic tnh DM c thc hin theo mt quy trnh gm 5 bc: Bc 1: xc nh gi XK Bc 2: Xc nh gi TT Bc 3: iu chnh gi XK v gi TT v cng mt cp thng mi Bc 4: So snh gi XK vi gi TT sau khi iu chnh (tm hiu s so snh) Bc 5: Tnh bin ph gi (bng % ca hiu s so snh trn gi XK) DM Min = 2%. Bin ph gi c xt n trong cc tnh ton ca c quan c thm quyn phi ln hn 2%. Nh vy, DM nh hn hoc bng 2% th s khng c tin hnh iu tra hnh vi bn ph gi.

7. Thu chng bn ph gi (Anti-dumping duty)

Thu chng bn ph gi l g?
Thu chng bn ph gi l khon thu b sung bn cnh thu NK thng thng do c quan c thm quyn ca nc NK ban hnh nh vo sn phm nc ngoi bn ph gi vo nc NK. y l loi thu nhm loi b nhng thit hi do hng NK gy ra. Nhiu nc s dng thu chng bn ph gi nh l mt hnh thc bo h hp php i vi nn sn xut ni a. Do , ADA ca WTO ra i nhm ngn chn hin tng lm dng bin php ny ca cc nc thnh vin.

Thu chng bn ph gi
Khi c kt lun cui cng khng nh c vic bn ph gi gy ra thit hi ng k cho ngnh sn xut trong nc, c quan c thm quyn s quyt nh 2 vn :

C p t thu chng bn ph gi hay khng? (c ngha l khi hi iu kin vn c th khng ra quyt nh p t thu chng bn ph gi). p t thu chng bn ph gi bng hay di bin ph gi (DM)?
ADA khuyn khch cc nc NK p t mc thu thp hn DM nu mc thu ny loi tr thit hi. Vic thc hin phi da trn nguyn tc khng phn bit i x.

8. C phi mi trng hp bn ph gi u c th b nh thu chng bn ph gi?

Bn ph gi vo th trng nc ngoi thng b coi l mt hin tng tiu cu do n lm gim kh nng cnh tranh v gi v th phn ca sn phm ni a ca nc xut khu.

Tuy nhin gc khc, bn ph gi c th tc ng tch cc i vi nn kinh t:

Nu hng b bn ph gi l u vo ca mt ngnh sn xut khc, gi nguyn liu r l yu t gp phn to nn s tng trng nht nh cho ngnh .

Tng phc li ngi tiu dng v c mua hng vi gi r

Gi gim to ng lc i mi, nng cao sc cnh tranh ca cc ngnh sn xut trong nc.

9. Thi im p t thu chng bn ph gi chnh thc

C 2 hnh thc p dng thu chng bn ph gi chnh thc (tc sau khi c kt lun v bn ph gi):
1. Tnh thu cho khong thi gian qua (h thng ny p dng ti M) 2. Tnh thu cho khong thi gian trong tng lai (EU p dng h thng ny)

1. Tnh thu cho khong thi gian qua.

Ch a ra mt mc thu chng bn ph gi c tnh tm thi. Vic xc nh mc thu chnh thc s c tnh ton da trn cc s liu thc t (ca tng khong thi gian t 12 thng n khng qu 18 thng) sau khi c yu cu ca mt trong cc bn lin quan v vic tnh thu chnh thc.

2. Tnh thu cho khong thi gian trong tng lai Sau khi hon thnh iu tra bn ph gi s tnh ton lun mc thu chng bn ph gi chnh thc cho c khong thi gian c hiu lc ca quyt nh p t thu chng bn ph gi. Tuy nhin trong cch tnh ny, ADA quy nh cc bn lin quan c quyn yu cu c quan c thm quyn hon li phn thu thu nu vt qu bin ph gi trn thc t ca h. yu cu hon thu, cc DN phi c n yu cu km y cc bng chng.

Thi gian Hiu lc ca thu chng bn ph gi. V nguyn tc, thu chng bn ph gi c p dng ngn chn vic bn ph gi v loi b cc thit hi. V vy thu ny s c duy tr cho n khi no vic ngn chn v loi b thit hi do bn ph gi gy ra khng cn cn thit na. Tuy nhin, ADA quy nh thi gian hiu lc ca thu chng bn ph gi s chm dt sau 5 nm.

10. S liu thng k bn ph gi ca Vit Nam

Thng k ca Phng qun l cnh tranh Vit N (Vietnam competition administration department) 10/2007.