Chng 2

Ch 1: NH LUT M CHO ON MCH CH CHA IN TR THUN

a. nh lut m : I =

U
R

b. in tr ca vt dn: R = .
S
Trong , l in tr sut ca vt dn. in tr sut ph thuc vo nhit theo cng thc: = o[1 + (t to)]
o l in tr sut ca vt dn to (oC) thng ly gi tr 20oC.
c gi l h s nhit in tr.
c.Ghp in tr
i lng
on mch ni tip
on mch song song
Hiu in th
U = U1 + U2 + + Un
U = U1 = U2 = .= Un
Cng dng in
I = I1 = I2= = In
I = I1 + I2 +.+ In
Rt = R1 + R2 ++ Rn`
1
1
1
1
=
+
+ .... +
R t R 1 R 2
Rn

in tr tng ng

Bi ton thun:
Bi 1. Tnh s electron i qua tit din thng ca mt dy dn kim loi trong 1s nu c in lng 30 Culng chuyn qua tit
din trong 15s.
S : 1,25.1019 ht.
Bi 2. Ngi ta cn lm mt in tr 100 bng mt dy nicrm c ng knh 0,4mm.
a) Hi phi dng mt on dy c chiu di bng bao nhiu ?
b) Khi c mt dng in 10mA chy qua in tr , hiu in th hai u ca n bng bao nhiu ?
S : a) 11,4m ; b) 1V.

a. Bi 2:
Bi 3. Mt b cquy c sut in ng l 6V v sn ra mt cng l 360J khi dch chuyn in tch bn trong v
gia hai cc ca n khi acquy ny pht in.
b. Tnh lng in tch c dch chuyn.
c. Thi gian dch chuyn in tch ny l 5 pht, tnh cng dng in chy qua acquy khi .
Nu lng in tch dch chuyn ny l (e) th c bao nhiu ht(e) dch chuyn qua trong thi gian ni trn .
Bi 4. Tnh in tr tng ng ca nhng on mch in sau y, bit rng cc in tr u bng nhau v bng R = 12 .

R1

R2

Hnh a

R2

R1

Hnh b

R3

R2

R1
R1

R3

Hnh c

S : a) 24 ; b) 8 ; c) 20 .
Bi 5. Gia hai u A v B ca mt mch in c mc song song ba dy dn c in tr R1 = 4 ; R2 = 5 v R3 = 20 .
a) Tm in tr tng ng ca ba in tr .
b) Tnh hiu in th gia hai u A, B v cng dng trong mi nhnh nu cng dng in trong mch chnh l 5A.
S : a) 2 ; b) 10V ; 2,5A ; 2A ; 0,5A.
R1
D R2
Bi 6. Cho mch in nh hnh v: UAB = 6V ; R1 = 1 ; R2 = R3 = 2 ; R4 = 0,8 .

C
a) Tm in tr tng ng RAB ca mch.
R3
b) Tm cng dng in qua cc in tr v hiu in th trn mi in tr.
c) Tm hiu in th UAD.
R4
S : a) RAB = 2 ; b) I1 = I2 = 1,2A ; I3 = 1,8A ; I4 = 3A ; U1 = 1,2V ; U2 = 2,4V ; U3 = 3,6V ;

U4 = 2,4V ; c) UAD = 3,6V.

A
B

Bi 7. Cho mch in nh hnh :

UAB = 20V khng i. Bit in tr ca kha K khng ng k.
R1 = 2 ; R2 = 1 ; R3 = 6 ; R4 = 4 .
Tnh cng dng in qua cc in tr trong cc trng hp :
a) K m ; b) K ng.
S : a) I1 = I 3 = 2,5A ; I2 = I4 = 4A.
b) I1 2,17A ; I2 4,33A ; I3 2,6A ; I4 3,9A.

R1

R2

R3

R1

Bi 8. Cho mch in nh hnh v :

UAB = 18V khng i. R1 = R2 = R3 = 6 ; R4 = 2 ;
a) Ni M v B bng mt vn k c in tr rt ln. Tm s ch ca vn k.
b) Ni M v B bng mt ampe k c in tr rt nh. Tm s ch ca ampe k
v chiu dng in qua ampe k.
S : a) 12V ; b) 3,6A, chiu t M n B.
*******
Bi ton ngc ( Tm in tr R)
Bi 1. Cho mch in nh hnh v :
UAB = 6V ; R1 = R3 = R5 = 1 ; R2 = 3 ;
A
Tnh R4, bit cng dng in qua R4 l 1A.

S : R4 = 2 .
Bi 2. Cho mch in nh hnh.
UAB = 6V khng i. B qua in tr ca cc ampe k.
Khi K m, ampe k (A1) ch 1,2A.
Khi K ng, ampe k (A1) ch 1,4A, ampe k (A2) ch 0,5A.
Tnh R1, R2, R3.
S: R1 = 3 ; R2 = 2 ; R3 = 3,6 .

R4

R4

R3

R2
M

R1

R3

R2

R5

C
A

R4

R1

A1
R2

R3

A2

Ch 2:CNG, CNG SUT IN CH C IN TR THUN

Bi 1. Hai dy dn bng niken cng chiu di nhng tit din khc nhau c mc vi nhau trong mt mch in c dng
in chy qua. Trong hai dy dn ny, dy dn no ta nhit nhiu hn ? Ti sao ? Xt hai trng hp :
a) Hai dy mc song song ; b) Hai dy mc ni tip.
S : a) Dy dn c tit din ln hn ; b) Dy dn c tit din nh hn.
Bi 2. Hai bng n c cng sut nh mc ln lt l 25W v 100W u lm vic bnh thng hiu in th 110V. Hi :
a) Cng dng in qua bng n no ln hn?
b) in tr ca bng n no ln hn ?
c) C th mc ni tip hai bng n ny vo mng in c hiu in th 220V c khng ? n no s d hng (chy) ?
S : a) n 2 ; b) n 1 ; c) n 1 d chy.
Bi 3. C hai bng n 120V 60W v 120V 45W.
a) Tnh in tr v dng in nh mc ca mi bng n.
b) Mc hai bng trn vo hiu in th U = 240V theo hai s
sau
(Hnh a, b). Tnh cc in tr R1 v R2 hai bng n trn sng
bnh
thng.
S : a) R1 = 240 ; Im1 = 0,5A ; R2 = 320 ; Im2 = 0,375A
b) R1 137 ; R2 = 960 .
Hnh a
Hnh b
Bi 4. Mt n ng loi 40W c ch to c cng sut chiu
sng
bng n dy tc loi 100W. Hi nu s dng n ng ny
trung
bnh mi ngy 5h th trong 30 ngy s gim c bao nhiu tin in so vi s dng n dy tc ni trn? Cho rng gi
tin in l 700/s in. 1 s in=1(KW.h).

Ch 3:nh lut m cho ton mch v on

mch
Bi 1. Cho mch in nh hnh : E = 4,5V ; r = 1 ; R1 = 3 ; R2 = 6 . Tnh :
a) Cng dng in qua ngun v cng dng qua mi in tr.
b) Cng sut ca ngun, cng sut tiu th mch ngoi v cng sut tiu hao trong ngun.

E, r
A

R1
R2

S : a) I = 1,5A ; I1 = 1A ; I2 = 0,5A ; b) PE = 6,75W ; PN = 4,5W ; Php = 2,25W ; Hiu sut ca ngun : H =

PN
.100% 67%.
PE

E,r
Bi 2. Cho mch in nh hnh v:
E =12V, r=1,6 . R1= 0,4 ; R2 = 6 ; R3 =3 .
R2
Tm cng dng in qua cc in tr v mch chnh
R1
R3
S: Ic= I1 = 3A I2 =1A, I3= 2A
Bi 3.
E,r
Bi 4. cho mch in: E=12V; r=0,1 ; R1=R2=2 ; R3=4 ; R4=4,4
D
+ a.Tm in tr tng ng mch ngoi.
R1
R4
b.Tm cng dng in mch chnh v UAB.
c.Tm cng dng in mi nhnh r v UCD.
R2
R3
A
S: a. 5,9 ; b. 2A, 3V; c. I1=1,5A; I2=0,5A; UCD=10,8V
C
B
Bi 5. Cho mch in nh hnh :
V
E, r
E = 6V ; r = 0,2 ; R1 = 1,6 ; R2 = 2 ; R3 = 3 .
K

Bit RV = ; RA 0.
R2
Tnh s ch ca vn k (V) v ca ampe k (A) trong cc trng hp
:
A
R1
a) K ngt ; b) K ng.
S : a) IA = 0 ; UV = 6V ; b) IA = 2A ; UV = 5,6V.
E,r
Bi 6. *Cho mch in nh hnh :
R3
E = 6V ; r = 1 ;
R3
R1 C
R1 = R4 = 1 ; R2 = R3 = 3 ; Ampe k c in tr nh khng ng k. Tnh cng dng A
B
mch chnh, hiu in th UAB v s ch ca ampe k. Ch r chiu ca dng in qua ampe k.
A
S: I = 2,4A ; UAB = 3,6V ; IA = 1,2A c chiu t C n D.
R4
R2
E,r
Bi 7. *Cho mch in nh hnh:
D
E = 6V ; r = 1 ; R1 = R4 = 1 ; R2 = R3 = 3 ; Ampe k
R1
R3
C
A
v kha K c in tr nh khng ng k.
B
Tnh s ch ca ampe k khi:
A
K R
R2
a) K m ; b) K ng.
4
E,r
S: a) IA = 1A ; b) IA = 1,8A.
D
R1 M R3
Bi 8. Cho mch in nh hnh: Ngun in c sut in
A
B

ng E v in tr trong r = 1 . Cc in tr R1 = 1 ; R2 = 4 ; R3 = 3 ; R4 = 8 .
R4
R2
Bit UMN = 1,5V. Tm E.

N
S: E = 24V.
Bi 9. Mt ngun in c in tr trong 0,1 , c mc vi mt in tr 4,8 . Khi hiu in th hai cc ca ngun l
12V. Tnh cng dng in trong mch v sut in ng ca ngun.
S : 2,5A ; 12,25V.
Bi 10. Mt ngun in c mc vi mt bin tr. Khi in tr ca bin tr l 1,65 th hiu in th gia hai cc ca
ngun l 3,3V ; cn khi in tr ca bin tr l 3,5 th hiu in th hai cc ca ngun l 3,5V. Tm sut in ng v
in tr trong ca ngun.
S : 3,7V ; 0,2 .
E1,r1 R
E2, r2
2
Bi 11. *Cho mch in nh hnh: E1 = 12V, r1 = 1 ; E2 = 6V, r2 = 2 ; E3 = 9V, r3 = 3 ;
A
R1 = 4 ; R2 = 2 ; R3 = 3 .
a) Tm cng dng in trong mch. Ch r ngun no pht dng, ngun no ng vai tr my thu.
R2 E3,r3 R2
b) Tm hiu in th UAB.
B
S : a) I = 0,2A ; E2, E3 pht dng, E1 l my thu ; b) UAB = 4,4V.
Bi 12. Cho mch in nh hnh. Cc ngun ging nhau, mi ngun c sut in ng E = 7,5V, in tr
C
trong r = 1 ; R1 = R2 = 40 ; R3 = 20 .

R1 D R3
Tm cng dng in qua mi in tr, qua mi ngun v UCD.
A

B
S : I1 = I3 = 0,24A ; I2 = 0,36A ; IE = 0,3A ; UCD = 2,4V.
R2
Bi 13. Cho mt in tr R = 2 mc vo hai cc ca mt b ngun gm hai chic pin ging nhau. Nu
hai pin mc ni tip th dng qua R l I1 = 0,75A. Nu hai pin mc song song th dng qua R l I2 = 0,6A. Tnh sut in
ngE v in tr trong r ca mi pin.
S : E = 1,5V ; r = 1 .
Bi 14. Mt b cquy c sut in ng E = 16V c np in vi cng dng in np l 5A v hiu in th hai cc
ca b cquy l 32V. Xc nh in tr trong ca b cquy.
S : 3,2 .
Bi 15. Tnh cng ca dng in v nhit lng ta ra trong cquy sau thi gian t = 10s khi :

a) cquy c np in vi dng in I1 = 2A v hiu in th hai cc ca cquy l U1 = 20V. Cho bit sut in ng ca

cquy l E = 12V. Tm in tr trong ca cquy.
b) cquy pht in vi dng in I2 = 1A.
S : a) A1 = 400 J ; Q1 = 160 J ; r = 4 ; b) A2 = 80 J ; Q2 = 40 J.
Bi 16. Hy xc nh sut in ng E v in tr trong r ca mt cquy, bit rng nu n pht dng in
I1 = 15A th cng sut mch ngoi l P1 = 136W, cn nu n pht dng in I2 = 6A th cng sut mch ngoi l P2 =
64,8W.
S : E = 12V ; r = 0,2 .

Bi 17. Cho mch in nh hnh: E = 12V, r = 1 ;

n thuc loi 6V 3W ; R1 = 5 ; RV = ; RA 0 ;

E, r

R2 l mt bin tr.
a) Cho R2 = 6 . Tnh s ch ca ampe k, vn k. n c sng bnh thng khng ?
A
V
b) Tm gi tr ca R2 n sng bnh thng.
R2
R1 C
S : a) IA = 1,2A ; UV = 4,8V ; Yu hn mc bnh thng ;
R
b) R2 = 12 ( Khi cho R2 tng th sng ca n tng).
Bi 18. Cho mch in nh hnh v: E = 13,5V, r = 0,6 ; R1 = 3 ; R2 l mt bni tr. n thuc loi 6V 6W.
E, r
a) Cho R2 = 6 . Tm cng dng in qua n, qua R1. n c sng bnh thngkhng?
b) Tm R2 n sng bng thng.
R1
c) Khi cho R2 tng th sng ca n thay i nh th no?
S: a) I = 0,9A ; I1 = 3,6A ; n sng yu hn mc bnh thng ; b) R2 = 4,75 ;
R2
RN
c) Khi cho R2 tng th sng ca n gim.
E,
r
Bi 19. *Cho mch in nh hnh, trong ngun in c sut in ng E = 6,6V, in tr trong r
= 0,12 ;
Bng n 1 loi 6V 3W ; Bng n 2 loi 2,5V 1,25W.
R1
a) iu chnh R1 v R2 sao cho n 1 v n 2 sng bnh thng. Tnh cc gi tr R1 v R2 khi .
1
b) Gi nguyn gi tr ca R 1, iu chnh bin tr R2 sao cho n c gi tr R2 = 1 . Khi sng
2 R2
ca cc bng n thay i th no so vi trng hp a ?
S : a) R1 = 0,48 ; R2 = 7 ; b) Khi R2 gim th 1 sng yu hn trc v 2 sng mnh
E, r
hntrc.
Bi 20. Cho mch in nh hnh: E = 15V, r = 2,4 ;
R1
C R2
A
n 1 c ghi 6V 3W, n 2 c ghi 3V 6W.
a) Tnh R1 v R2, bit rng hai n u sng bnh thng.
1
2
b) Tnh cng sut tiu th trn R1 v trn R2.
*c) C cch mc no khc hai n v hai in tr R 1, R2 (vi gi tr tnh trong cu a) cng vi
ngun cho hai n vn sng bnh thng?
E2,
S: a) R1 = 3 ; R2 = 6 ; b) P1 = 12W ; P2 = 1,5W ; c) (R1 nt 2)//(1 nt R2).
E1, r1
r2
Bi 21. Cho mch in nh hnh v, trong E1 = 8V ; r1 = 2 ; r2 = 2 .
n c ghi 6V, 6W. Xc nh gi tr ca E2 n sng bnh thng.
S : E2 = 18V.
Bi 22. Mt ngun in c sut in ng E = 6V, in tr trong r = 2 , mch ngoi c
in tr R.
a) Tnh R cng sut tiu th mch ngoi l P = 4W.
b) Vi gi tr no ca R th cng sut tiu th mch ngoi l ln nht ? Tnh gi tr .
S : a) R = 1 hoc R = 4 ; b) R = r = 2 ; Pmax =

E2
= 4,5W.
4r

Bi 23. Cho mch in c s nh hnh v: c E = 8V,

r = 0,6, R1 = 6 , Rx l mt bin tr, R2 = 4
a . Khi Rx = 2
- Tnh cng dng qua cc in tr
b. Tnh gi tr in tr ca Rx cng sut trn Rx bng 5 W
Tnh gi tr in tr ca Rx cng sut trn RN bng 10 W
c. Tm Rx cng sut tiu th trn Rx l cc i.Tnh gi tr cc i khi .

E,r
R1
A

Bi 24. Cho mch in nh hnh, trong ngun in c sut in ng E = 1,5V, in tr trong r = 0,7
; Cc in tr R1 = 0,3 ; R2 = 2 .
a) in tr R phi c gi tr bng bao nhiu cng sut tiu th mch ngoi l ln nht?

R2

Rx
B
E, r

R1

R
R

b) Mun cho cng sut tiu th trn R l ln nht th R phi bng bao nhiu? Tnh cng sut trn R khi .
S : a) R = 0,5 ; b) R = 2/3 ; PRmax = 3/8W.
Bi 25. Cho mch in nh hnh: E = 1,5V, r = 4 ; R1 = 12 ; R2 l mt bin tr.
a) Tnh R2, bit cng sut tiu th trn R2 bng 9W. Tnh cng sut v hiu sut ca ngun lc ny.
b) Vi gi tr no ca R2 th cng sut tiu th trn R2 ln nht? Gi tr ln nht y bng bao nhiu?
S: a) R2 = 1 , I = 3,25A ; H = 18,75% ; Hoc R2 = 9 , I = 1,75A ; H = 56,25%; b) R 2 = 3 ; P2max =
12W.

E, r
A

R1
R2