Phng php nghin cu khoa hc GVHD: TS.

Nguyn Hong Bo

ti: Lng trung thnh v hnh ng ca chng ta

B GIO DC V O TO TRNG I HC KINH T THNH PH H CH MINH

ti:

LNG TRUNG THNH V HNH NG CA CHNG TA!

GVHD SVTH Lp Kha

: TS. Nguyn Hong Bo : Nhm 09 : m 4 : 20

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Phng php nghin cu khoa hc GVHD: TS. Nguyn Hong Bo

ti: Lng trung thnh v hnh ng ca chng ta

THNH VIN NHM 9

1. Li Hunh Phng Thanh 2. Nguyn Th Tm Tho 3. Cp Th Hoi Thng 4. H Vn Thnh (Trng nhm) 5. V Vn t 6. Trn Vn Duy n 7. Trn Minh Thnh 8. Nguyn Minh Thnh 9. L Vn Thi 10. Chu Vnh Thnh

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Phng php nghin cu khoa hc GVHD: TS. Nguyn Hong Bo

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LI M U
Khi ni n Hn nhn - theo nh ngha ca php lut - l quan h gia v v chng sau khi kt hn, c mt tnh t hay uc dng biu t s bn lu ca mi quan h trn, chnh l s thy chung. Vy, cc yu t no quyt nh s thy chung? y l cu hi m chng ti mun c li gii trong ti nghin cu ny. Tuy nhin, ti khng cp n vn trn theo l thng thng, m mun i tm li p theo cch v von trong mt doanh nghip c th - s thy chung trong cuc sng hn nhn gia nhn vin v doanh nghip PNJ - hay ni cch khc l tm ra cc yu t to nn mi quan h bn cht trn, chnh l nn tng cho chnh sch nhn s ca doanh nghip. C kin cho rng ch cn tin lng cao l quyt nh chuyn i hay ca nhn vin hoc mi trng lm vic sng to, cnh tranh l hay cn nhng yu t no khc? Vy, nhng iu ny c ng hay khng trong mt doanh nghip c cc c tnh trn.

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1. VN NGHIN CU
Vi tnh hnh kinh t ngy cng kh khn nh hin nay, khi m cc yu t nh hng trc tip n i sng ngi dn nh in, nc, gi lng thc, thc phm v nhng yu t khc ngy cng tng cao trong khi mc thu nhp bnh qun ca ngi dn li khng tng kp tc tng ca cc yu t trn gy ra nhng h ly ln cho x hi v tr thnh ni bc xc ca ton b ngi dn. Nhn gc hp hn, c th l gc doanh nghip, cc yu cu v nng cao kh nng cnh tranh gia doanh nghip ny v doanh nghip khc cng din ra mc gy gt khng km. Cc doanh nghip mun tn ti phi khng ngng nng cao kh nng cnh tranh ca mnh v mi mt: sn phm tt, an ton, tin ch, dch v chu o, nhiu hu mi v gi c phi tht cnh tranh. Nhng yu cu ny, t c, khng th ch n thun da vo cng ngh sn xut sn c hay tip thu cng ngh sn xut mi ca sn phm hoc mt chin lc qung b, quy trnh nng cao cht lng dch v trc v sau bn hng ht sc c o, hp dn l c th t c s pht trin bn vng, lu di. Nhng nhn t ny, mt doanh nghip d ang mc pht trin thp cng c th nhanh chng tip thu, hon chnh chin lc, chnh sch ca mnh mt cch ph hp vi s pht trin, nhu cu ca x hi t t c mc ch pht trin bn vng cui cng. Tuy nhin, s l khng th nu doanh nghip b i mt yu t cng quyt nh n s tn ti ca mnh, l yu t con ngi. Yu t con ngi l yu t duy nht khng th nm gi, ci thin theo mun ch quan nhm mc ch chung, cui cng ca mt doanh nghip, n cn ph thuc rt nhiu vo chin lc con ngi ca doanh nghip. Khng phi l chuyn mi v tm nh hng ca nhng c nhn ch cht trong hot ng ca doanh nghip mt khi h chp nhn ra i gy ra nhng thit hi ln cho hot ng kinh doanh. Trc ht l nhng chin lc kinh doanh di hn ca doanh nghip c th b r r, tip n ko theo s ra i ca nhng nhn vin ch cht khc nu tm nh hng ca nhng c nhn ny trong doanh nghip kh ln, t nh hng rt ln n khng kh lm vic. Nhng yu t thng c cc doanh nghip t ln hng u l yu t tin lng. Khng th ph nhn rng yu t thu nhp ca ngi lao ng trong hon cnh K20 m 4 Nhm 9 Trang 4

Phng php nghin cu khoa hc ti: Lng trung thnh v GVHD: TS. Nguyn Hong Bo hnh ng ca chng ta hin nay c xem l yu t ht sc quan trng, nh hng n mi mt trong i sng hng ngy. V do , n c p dng mt cch trit , c xem l n by, cng c ch doanh nghip thc hin mc tiu gi ngi ti cho doanh nghip mnh. Tuy nhin, nhiu gc v nhiu yu t tc ng khc nhau, vic gi chn ngi lao ng ca mt doanh nghip qua nhiu nghin cu v thc tin thy rng yu t tin lng khng phi l tt c. Con ngi l mt sinh vt c bit do cng c nhng nhu cu ht sc c bit: t nhu cu ti thiu l n, mc, n mc cao nht l c th hin mnh trc mi ngi. V do , mt ngi sn lng, ton tm ton phc v cho s pht trin ca doanh nghip cn phi cp n nhng yu t khc, chng hn nh mi trng lm vic, iu kin pht trin bn thn, mc quan tm n tm l ca cp trn i vi nhn vin, mc thng tin, mc nhn nhn, nh gi t cp trn v nhng yu t vt cht v tinh thn khc. Cng ty PNJ cng khng nm ngoi nhng iu chung nht trn y. Cho nn tm hiu tm t, thi ca ngi lm vic ni chung cng nh gip doanh nghip hiu v p ng nhng nhu cu ny nhm c k hoch, chin lc ph hp gi chn ngi lao ng, gp phn s pht trin bn vng, lu di ca t chc, ta cng tm hiu thng qua bi nghin cu v lng trung thnh ti cng ty PNJ nh sau.

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2. CU HI NGHIN CU
Bi nghin cu ny s xoay quanh nhng vn sau: Th nht, l vic xc nh cc yu t nh hng n s gn kt lu di ca nhn vin trong doanh nghip hin nay. Th hai, o lng mc nh hng ca mt s yu t trn y n s gn kt ca nhn vin. Ngoi ra th bi nghin cu cng o lng mc ng ca nhn vin i vi tng nhn t m c s tc ng n s gn b ca nhn vin. Bn cnh , nghin cu ny cng c th ng gp cho cc nghin cu tng t su hn v s trung thnh ca ngi lao ng trong cc doanh nghip nhm c nh hng nng cao kh nng qun tr hoc u t ca doanh nghip. Qua nhm a ra 2 cu hi nh sau: 1/ Nhng yu t no nh hng n lng trung thnh ca nhn vin cng ty PNJ? 2/ gi chn nhn vin lm vic lu di ti cng ty, c phi ban lnh o cng ty ch cn tp trung vo nhng yu t trn?

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3. PHNG PHP NGHIN CU

S dng k thut x l d liu bng phn mm SPSS 16.0, tin hnh kim nh thng qua hai bc. Th nht, nh gi s b thang o v tin cy ca bin o lng bng h s Cronbach Alpha v gi tr (factor loading) bng phn tch nhn t khm ph EFA (Exploratory Factor Analysis). Vic nh gi tin cy cc thang o: tin cy ca thang o c nh gi qua h s Cronbach alpha, qua cc bin khng ph hp nu h s tng quan tng bin nh (<0.3) v thang o s c chp nhn khi h s Cronbach alpha t yu cu (>0.6). Th hai, thng qua bng hi quy kim nh gi thit s ph hp ca cc yu t tm ra yu t no l yu t gy nh hng ln bin ph thuc.

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4. NGUN S LIU NGHIN CU

S liu c s dng trong bi nghin cu ny dng cho vic x l bng phn mm SPSS l d liu s cp c thu thp bng cch phng vn thng qua bng cu hi c km theo ti phn ph lc ca bi nghin cu ny. Tng th mu l nhng nhn vin ang lm vic ti cng ty C phn Vng Bc Ph Nhun ti TPHCM. V gii hn v s cho php nn nghin cu ch c thc hin vi 150 mu. Phng php ly mu, chn ngu nhin mt s nhn vin trong cng ty. C tt c 150 bng cu hi c gi trc tip n cc i tng nghin cu. Trong qu trnh kho st c mt s bng cu hi b b trng nhiu hng, mt s cu tr li khc c s mu thun gia cc ca cu hi. Tt c bng cu hi ny u c loi b trc khi tin hnh nhp liu. Do , s lng bng cu hi chnh thc c tin hnh nhp liu phn tch ch cn li 102 bng, t t l 70% so vi tng s bng gi i.

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Phng php nghin cu khoa hc GVHD: TS. Nguyn Hong Bo

ti: Lng trung thnh v hnh ng ca chng ta

5. KHUNG L THUYT
5.1. Cc nh ngha
Nhu cu l mt hin tng tm l ca con ngi; l i hi, mong mun, nguyn vng ca con ngi v vt cht v tinh thn tn ti v pht trin. Ty theo trnh nhn thc, mi trng sng, nhng c im tm sinh l, mi ngi c nhng nhu cu khc nhau. (theo Wikimedia) Nhu cu l cm gic thiu ht mt ci g m con ngi cm nhn c (theo Wikimedia) Nhu cu ca con ngi khng phi l bt bin m lun lun thay i theo thi gian v hon cnh. S thay i nhu cu ny c th c minh ha tt nht bi m hnh th bc nhu cu m nh tm l hc Abraham Maslow nu ra trong mt bi bo ca mnh nm 1943 nhan : Mt l thuyt v ng c thc y ca con ngi. Cng mt con ngi ngy hm nay c th c nhu cu v n , mc, nhng ngy mai li khng ch c nhng nhu cu khng m thi. Nhng nhu cu ngy hm qua cn cn thit th hm nay ch cn c coi l chuyn hin nhin phi c. V ngi ta s hng n nhng loi nhu cu khc cn c tha mn. Thp nhu cu ca Abraham Maslow

i vi mc tha mn trong cng vic th cng c nhiu nh ngha khc nhau. Theo Vroom (1964), tha mn trong cng vic l trng thi m ngi lao ng c nh hng hiu qu r rng i cng vic trong t chc. Weiss (1967) nh ngha rng tha mn trong cng vic l thi v cng vic c th hin bng cm nhn, nim tin v hnh vi ca ngi lao ng. Locke (1976) th cho rng tha mn trong cng vic c hiu l ngi lao ng thc s cm thy thch th i vi cng vic K20 m 4 Nhm 9 Trang 9

Phng php nghin cu khoa hc ti: Lng trung thnh v GVHD: TS. Nguyn Hong Bo hnh ng ca chng ta ca h. Quinn v Staines (1979) th cho rng tha mn trong cng vic l phn ng tch cc i vi cng vic. i vi Smith, Kendal v Hulin (1969), th cc ng li nh ngha v mc tha mn trong thnh phn cng vic. Mc tha mn vi cc thnh phn hay kha cnh ca cng vic l thi nh hng v ghi nhn ca nhn vin v cc kha cnh khc nhau trong cng vic (bn cht cng vic; c hi o to v thng tin; lnh o; ng nghip; tin lng) ca h. Tm li, c nhiu nh ngha khc nhau v s tha mn trong cng vic. Nhng nhn chung tha mn trong cng vic l s nh gi ca ngi lao ng i vi cc vn lin quan n vic thc hin cng vic ca h. Mt nh ngha tip theo l ni v lng trung thnh ca nhn vin. l cm gic hay tnh cm gn b vi cng ty ca mt s mnh, gi tr, v cc mi quan h (v d, qun l v nhn vin ng nghip) m biu hin di nhiu hnh thc.

5.2.

Mc tha mn trong cng vic

Thang o mc tha mn vi cc thnh phn ca cng vic ni ting nht

trn th gii l Ch s m t cng vic (JDI) ca Smith (1969). Smith (1967) cho rng c 5 yu t tc ng n s tha mn trong cng vic bao gm: tha mn vi cng vic, tha mn vi s gim st, tha mn vi tin lng, tha mn vi c hi thng tin v tha mn vi ng nghip. Tuy nhin trong bi nghin cu ny s la chn cc yu t tc ng n s tha mn trong cng vic nh sau: tnh cht cng vic, thu nhp/ tin lng, ch phc li, mi trng lm vic, ng nghip, iu kin thng tin, lnh o, vn ha cng ty. Cc yu t tc ng n s tha mn trong cng vic theo nghin cu trn c th c trnh by nh di y. Trc ht, cc yu t tc ng ln tnh cht cng vic l bao gm cc yu t, tnh cht ca cng vic m nhng yu t ny tc ng n kt qu lm vic ca ngi lao ng tt hay xu. Trong bi nghin cu ny, cc yu t lin quan n tnh cht cng vic l cng vic cho php s dng tt cc nng lc c nhn; cng vic rt th v; cng vic c nhiu thch thc; khi cng vic hon thnh tt, s c cng ty nh gi cao; v cui cng l cng vic c quyn hn v trch nhim ph hp. i vi yu t th hai thu nhp/ tin lng th hu ht mi ngi khi ni n vic lm v cht lng cng vic thng nh gi, o lng bng thu nhp ca cng vic mang li. Do , thu nhp c xem nh thc o cho cng vic cng nh s K20 m 4 Nhm 9 Trang 10

Phng php nghin cu khoa hc ti: Lng trung thnh v GVHD: TS. Nguyn Hong Bo hnh ng ca chng ta thnh t ca nhn vin trong cng vic. Thu nhp cao lm cho con ngi thy tha mn hn v mt vt cht t an tm cng hin, ch trng n cng vic nhiu hn v c gng chng minh gi tr ca mnh nhiu hn. Do , tc ng rt ln n tinh thn lm vic ca nhn vin, tc ng ny th hin nhng kha cnh sau: ngi lao ng c tr lng cao so vi cc cng ty cng ngnh; ngi lao ng hiu r quy ch tr lng; ngi lao ng c th sng hon ton da vo thu nhp t cng ty; tin lng tng xng vi kt qu lm vic; v tin lng, thu nhp c tr cng bng/hp l gia cc nhn vin. Ch phc li th hin s quan tm ca doanh nghip n i sng ca ngi lao ng, c tc dng kch thch nhn vin trung thnh, gn b vi doanh nghip. D cng v cao hay thp, hon thnh tt cng vic hay ch mc bnh thng, c trnh lnh ngh cao hay thp, l nhn vin trong doanh nghip u c hng phc li (Qun tr ngun nhn lc, 2009). Cc yu t ca ch phc li nh hng n mc tha mn l: cng ty c ch phc li tt; ngi lao ng hi lng vi ch tin thng ca cng ty; v ngi lao ng nh gi cao chng trnh phc li, cc hot ng ca t chc on hi (cng on, on thanh nin ) trong cng ty. Mi trng lm vic l cc yu t lin quan ti s thun tin c nhn song ng thi n cng l nhn t gip h hon thnh tt nhim v nh l: phng tin lm vic sch s, hin i v cc trang thit b ph hp, nh sng, ting n, an ton. Cc yu t mi trng lm vic c xt gm: trang thit b ni lm vic an ton, sch s; khng gian, thit k ni lm vic thoi mi v d chu; ngi lao ng c cung cp y thit b, thng tin thc hin cng vic; cng vic khng b p lc cao; v cng vic n nh, khng phi lo lng v mt vic lm. K n th nhng cm nhn lin quan n cc hnh vi, quan h vi ng nghip trong cng vic ti ni lm vic, s phi hp v gip nhau trong cng vic vi cc ng nghip l mt yu t tc ng ln s tha mn ca ngi lao ng. S tha mn ca ngi lao ng cng tng khi ng nghip ca h l ngi hiu bit, thn thin, bit a ra nhng li khen ngi khi cng s thc hin tt cng vic, bit lng nghe kin v quan tm, gip nhau. Cc yu t c xt i vi yu t ng nghip nh sau: s phi hp tt vi ng nghip trong cng vic; nhiu ng lc trau di chuyn mn khi c lm vic vi cc ng nghip; v ng nghip thoi mi v d chu.

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Phng php nghin cu khoa hc ti: Lng trung thnh v GVHD: TS. Nguyn Hong Bo hnh ng ca chng ta Yu t tip theo, s thng tin to c hi o to, pht trin nng lc c nhn v thng tin trong t chc, chu trch nhim nhiu hn v a v x hi cao hn. Nu ngi lao ng nhn thc rng cc quyt nh bt trong t chc l cng bng th iu ny s to cho h mt s tha mn. Cc yu t c xt l: cng ty to nhiu c hi thng tin; chnh sch thng tin ca cng ty cng bng; cng ty c k hoch r rng trong o to, pht trin ngh nghip c nhn; v cng ty to nhiu c hi pht trin c nhn. Hnh vi h tr t cp trn l trng tm ch ca nhiu cuc nghin cu (Podsakoff & ctg, 1996). H tr t cp trn c nh ngha l mc ca vic cn nhc v h tr m nhn vin nhn c t nhng ngi gim st (Netemeyer & ctg, 1997). Mt ngi lnh o bit gip phi c nng lc v i x vi nhn vin cng bng, khuyn khch giao tip hai chiu, v nhn ra s ng gp ca cc nhn vin nhm thc hin ha mc tiu ca t chc (Humphreys, 2002; Singh, 2000). H tr t cp trn bao gm cc yu t: cp trn khuyn khch cp di tham gia vo nhng quyt nh quan trng; ngi lao ng c bit phm vi trch nhim cng vic; nhn c s ng vin khen thng kp thi t cp trn khi hon thnh cng vic; lnh o c tc phong lch s, ha nh; v l ngi lao ng c i x cng bng, khng phn bit. Cui cng, nhn dng nhng gi tr v vn ha cng ty gip cho ngi lao ng iu ha c s hi sinh khi h tr thnh thnh vin ca t chc. Nhng ngi lao ng hc chp nhn nhng gi tr ny v tin tng vo t chc, khng lm nhng iu c th tn hi n t chc. Thng thng cc t chc thng c gng vt qua nhng kh khn ny bng cch gn s hi sinh vi cc gi tr nhn bn nh phc v x hi tt hn bng nhng sn phm dch v tt hn. Nhiu cng ty trn th gii gip nhn vin hiu v trung thnh vi nhng gi tr ca cng ty bng nhng chng trnh rt tn km, song h thy rng nhng chi ph ny l hu ch v s c n b xng ng. (Qun tr ngun nhn lc, 2009). Cc yu t c xt n nh sau: quan tm n i sng nhn vin, mi ngi sng vi nhau c ngha tnh; kch thch s sng to trong cng vic; gio dc cn b, nhn vin ca mnh sng trong mt nn vn ha m Nhn L Ngha Tr Tn c cao; v cao li ch nhn vin, c tinh thn trch nhim i vi x hi v cng ng.

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5.3.

Mi quan h gia mc tha mn vi lng trung thnh trong cng vic

Trong cc nghin cu ca Aon Consulting c thc hin hng nm quy m

quc gia nh nghin cu v Commitment @Work ti M t nm 1997, ti Canada t nm 1999, ti Anh t 2000 v ti c nm 2002 cho thy c mi quan h cht ch gia s tha mn ca nhn vin v s gn kt ca h vi t chc. Aon Consulting ng dng linh hot thuyt bc thang nhu cu Maslow vo iu kin ca nn kinh t hin i v cho rng nng cao s gn kt ca nhn vin i vi t chc, cn tha mn nhu cu ca nhn vin: Ti M, s tha mn nhu cu ca nhn vin c phn loi theo: Lng v phc li, qun l thay i, o to v pht trin, vn ha t chc v ng li pht trin, cn bng cuc sng. Ti Canada v c, s tha mn nhu cu ca nhn vin c phn loi theo: An ton, phn thng, x hi c yu mn, o to v pht trin, cn bng cuc sng cng vic. i vi mt nn kinh t anh pht trin nh Vit Nam, cc t chc s c c s gn kt ca nhn vin bng cch tha mn cc kha cnh khc nhau ca nhu cu lin quan n cng vic: Bn cht cng vic, c hi o to v thng tin, lnh o, ng nghip, tin lng, phc li, iu kin lm vic (Trn Th Kim Dung, 2005).

5.4.

Mt s nghin cu v mc tha mn trong cng vic v lng trung thnh ca nhn vin
Andrew (2002) nghin cu v s tha mn trong cng vic ti Hoa K v mt

s quc gia khc a ra mt vi kt qu: C 49% s ngi lao ng ti Hoa K c kho st cho rng hon ton hoc rt hi lng vi cng vic, ch mt s rt nh tr li l khng hi lng. T l cho rng hon ton hoc rt hi lng vi cng vic mt s nc khc nh sau: an Mch l 62%, Nht Bn l 30% v Hungary l 23%. Nghin cu xc nh cc yu t nng cao mc tha mn trong cng vic gm: gii n; an ton trong cng vic; ni lm vic nh; thu nhp cao; quan h ng nghip; thi gian i li t; vn gim st; quan h vi cng chng; v c hi hc tp nng cao trnh . Kt qu nghin cu trn cn cho thy mc hi lng trong cng vic

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Phng php nghin cu khoa hc ti: Lng trung thnh v GVHD: TS. Nguyn Hong Bo hnh ng ca chng ta ca n cao hn nam v mc hi lng theo tui c dng ng cong ch U, vn an ton trong cng vic l quan trng nht. i vi mt nghin cu v lng trung thnh. Theo kt qu t mt nghin cu ca hai cng ty Walker Information v Hodson Institute gn y cung cp mt s thng tin v s trung thnh ca nhn vin trong doanh nghip nh sau: - Ch c 24% nhn vin thy rng h tht s trung thnh, tht s cam kt ng gp vo nhng mc tiu, nhng hot ng ca cng ty v sn sng li lm vic trong doanh nghip t nht hai nm. - C n 33% nhn vin trong doanh nghip khng h c mt cam kt, mt k hoch tn ti trong doanh nghip lu di. - Nhng c n 39% nhn vin c xem l b min cng lm vic.

5.5.

M hnh nghin cu v lng trung thnh vi cng ty ca ngi lao ng

M hnh nghin cu c xy dng trn c s l thuyt v tha mn trong

cng vic v cc kt qu nghin cu ca mt s tc gi trong v ngoi nc xc nh cc yu t tc ng n s tha mn trong cng vic ca ngi lao ng dn n lng trung thnh ca h dnh cho cng ty. M hnh nghin cu v cc gi thuyt c trnh by trong s sau y: Tnh cht cng vic Thu nhp/ Tin lng Ch phc li Mi trng lm vic ng nghip iu kin thng tin Cp trn Vn ha cng ty S tha mn Lng trung thnh vi cng ty

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Phng php nghin cu khoa hc ti: Lng trung thnh v GVHD: TS. Nguyn Hong Bo hnh ng ca chng ta Cc gi thuyt cho m hnh nghin cu c xy dng da trn vic nh gi cc yu t tc ng n s tha mn trong cng vic ca ngi lao ng ti cng ty. Trong m hnh ca nghin cu ny, c 8 yu t tc ng n s tha mn trong cng vic ca ngi lao ng ti cng ty gm: tnh cht cng vic, thu nhp, ch phc li, mi trng lm vic, ng nghip, iu kin thng tin, cp trn v vn ha cng ty.

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6. M HNH NGHIN CU
6.1. M t b s liu
Nh trn trnh by th y l mt b s liu s cp c thu thp bng cch thc hin tr li bng cu hi phng vn dng mc ng tnh c 5 cp . Kt qu thu thp c 102 mu quan st trn tng s hn 1000 nhn vin ca cng ty PNJ. Trong khun kh y l mt bi tiu lun c th xem y l mt mu i din. Trong iu kin thc t ti doanh nghip c th s m rng nghin cu da trn tng th s t c kt qu tt hn i vi ton cng ty. Mc khc, i vi mu kho st hin ti ta ch a ra kt lun cho bi nghin cu trong khun kh ca mu quan st c. Ta xy dng m hnh hi quy a bin v kim nh vi mc ngha 5%: Y = 0 + 1cviec + 2lcao + 3ploi + 4mtruong + 5dnghiep + 6ttien + 7ctren + 8vhoa Trong : cviec: Tnh cht cng vic lcao: Tin lng ploi: Phc li mtruong: Mi trng lm vic dnghiep : ng nghip ttien: Thng tin ctren: Cp trn vhoa: Vn ha cng ty Ta t gi thit cho m hnh nghin cu nh sau: H1: S tha mn tnh cht cng vic cng cao th ngi lao ng cng trung thnh vi cng ty. H2: Thu nhp cao lm ngi lao ng trung thnh hn vi cng ty. H3: Cng ty c ch phc li tt s lm cho ngi lao ng trung thnh hn. H4: Mi trng lm vic thun li lm cho ngi lao ng trung thnh hn. H5: Nhn c nhiu s ng h t ng nghip lm cho ngi lao ng trung thnh hn.

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Phng php nghin cu khoa hc ti: Lng trung thnh v GVHD: TS. Nguyn Hong Bo hnh ng ca chng ta H6: S cng bng trong chnh sch thng tin lm cho ngi lao ng trung thnh hn. H7: C s h tr t cp trn lm cho ngi lao ng trung thnh hn. H8: Xy dng mt vn ha cng ty mnh s khin cho nhn vin trung thnh hn vi cng ty. ng thi t tn cho cc bin s. M s Cviec cv1 cv2 cv3 cv4 cv5 cv6 Lcao lc1 lc2 lc3 lc4 lc5 lc6 lc7 Ploi pl1 pl2 pl3 pl4 pl5 pl6 pl7 Pht biu Tnh cht cng vic Cng vic cho php Anh/Ch s dng tt cc nng lc c nhn. Cng vic rt th v Cng vic c nhiu thch thc Cng vic c nhiu quyn hn v trch nhim ph hp Khi cng vic hon thnh tt, s c cng ty nh gi cao Anh/Ch thch cng vic hin ti Tin lngcao Anh/Ch c tr lng cao so vi cng ty cng ngnh Anh/Ch thng c tng lng Anh/Ch hiu r v quy ch lng Anh/Ch c th sng hon ton da vo thu nhp t cng ty Tin lng tng xng vi kt qu lm vic ca Anh/Ch Tin lng c tr cng bng, hp l gia cc nhn vin Anh/Ch hi lng vi mc lng hin ti ca mnh Ch phc li tt Cng ty c ch phc li tt Cng ty thc hin ch BHXH, BHYT, BHTN rt tt Anh/Ch hi lng vi ch tin thng ca cng ty Khi gia nh anh ch c vic h trng c cng ty quan tm chia s Anh/Ch cm thy hi lng vi cc hat ng t chc on hi (Cng on, on Thanh nin) trong cng ty Cc chuyn du lch, picnic ca cng ty tht s th v Anh/Ch nh gi cao chng trnh phc li ca cng ty

Mtruong Mi trng lm vic K20 m 4 Nhm 9 Trang 17

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ti: Lng trung thnh v hnh ng ca chng ta

Cng vic khng i hi thng xuyn phi lm ngoi gi Trang thit b ni lm vic an ton, sch s Anh/Ch c cung cp y thit b, thng tin thc hin cng vic Khng gian, thit k ni lm vic lm Anh/ch thy thoi mi v d chu Cng vic n nh, khng phi lo lng v mt vic lm Bu khng kh lm vic trong cty rt thoi mi, vui v Thi gian bt u v kt thc gi lm vic hp l Anh/Ch bng lng vi mi trng lm vic hin ti ca cng ty

Dnghiep ng nghip dn1 dn2 dn3 dn4 ng nghip ca anh/ch thoi mi v d chu Anh/Ch v cc ng nghip phi hp lm vic tt Nhng ngi m anh/ch lm vic vi thng gip ln nhau ng nghip lun ng vin, chia s vi nhng thnh cng hay sai lm ca nhau Anh/Ch cm thy c nhiu ng lc trau di chuyn mn khi c lm vic vi cc ng nghip ca mnh iu kin thng tin Anh/Ch c bit nhng iu kin c thng tin Cng ty to cho anh ch nhiu c hi thng tin Chnh sch thng tin ca cng ty cng bng Anh/Ch c cung cp kin thc/k nng cn thit cho cng vic Cng ty to cho anh/ch nhiu c hi pht trin c nhn Cng ty gip anh/ch c k hoch r rng trong o to, pht trin ngh nghip c nhn Nhn nh v cp trn trc tip Cp trn hi kin anh/ch khi c vn lin quan n cng vic ca anh/ch Cp trn khuyn khch cp di tham gia vo nhng quyt nh quan trng Anh/Ch c bit phm vi trch nhim cng vic Anh/Ch c bit nhn xt ca cp trn v mc hon thnh cng vic Anh/Ch nhn c s ng vin khen thng kp thi t cp trn khi hon Trang 18

dn5 Ttien tt1 tt2 tt3 tt4 tt5 tt6 Ctren ct1 ct2 ct3 ct4 ct5

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Phng php nghin cu khoa hc GVHD: TS. Nguyn Hong Bo thnh cng vic ct6 ct7 ct8 ct9 ct10 Vhoa vh1 vh2 vh3 vh4 Tthanh ltt1 ltt2 ltt3 Anh/Ch tin tng cp trn ca mnh Anh/Ch c s h tr ca cp trn

ti: Lng trung thnh v hnh ng ca chng ta

Nhn vin c tn trng v tin cy trong cng vic Lnh o c tc phong lch s, ha nh Nhn vin c i x cng bng, khng phn bit Vn ha cng ty Kch thch s sng to trong cng vic Gio dc cn b, nhn vin ca mnh sng trong mt nn vn ha m Nhn L Ngha Tr Tn c cao Quan tm n i sng nhn vin, mi ngi sng vi nhau c ngha tnh cao li ch nhn vin, c tinh thn trch nhim i vi x hi v cng ng Lng trung thnh Anh/Ch c nh li lu di cng cng ty Nu c ni khc c li ngh lng bng tng i hp dn hn, anh/ch vn s li cng cng ty V nhiu phng din, anh ch coi cng ty l mi nh th hai ca mnh

6.2.

Thng k m t Kt qu thng k cho thy, a s nhn vin nh gi cc nhn t t rt thp n

rt cao. Ngha l, vi cng mt pht biu, c nhn vin hon ton khng chu, cng nh c nhn vin hon ton chu. Tuy nhin vn c mt s nhn t khng t mc thp nht hay mc cao nht, iu ny c th l gii do cm nhn ca mi nhn vin trong tng b phn khc nhau cng nh vic p dng cc chnh sch nhn s, chm sc khch hng ni b ang trong qu trnh hon thin, dn n hin tng khng ng u trong cm nhn l iu d hiu. Nhn chung, gi tr trung bnh (Mean) ca cc bin c lp c s khc bit khng cao ( Mean = 3.17 4.21 ), iu ny chng t c s nh gi ging nhau v mc quan trng gia cc bin c lp.

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ti: Lng trung thnh v hnh ng ca chng ta

Bng thng k m t cc nhn t tc ng lng trung thnh ca nhn vin

Descriptive Statistics Std. N Statistic cv1 cv2 cv3 cv4 cv5 cv6 lc1 lc2 lc3 lc4 lc5 lc6 lc7 pl1 pl2 pl3 pl4 pl5 pl6 pl7 mt1 mt2 mt3 mt4 mt5 mt6 mt7 mt8 mt9 dn1 dn2 dn3 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 Minimum Maximum Statistic 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 2 3 3 3 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 Statistic 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 Mean Statistic 3.63 3.57 3.64 3.39 3.63 3.44 3.37 3.50 3.71 3.66 3.59 3.53 3.25 3.54 3.88 3.53 3.62 3.63 3.60 3.58 3.19 3.46 3.81 3.75 3.73 3.69 3.77 3.83 3.59 4.16 4.12 4.21 Deviation Statistic .795 .751 .793 .773 .933 .839 .900 .686 .669 .724 .665 .625 .652 .840 .735 .727 .704 .702 .774 .724 1.249 .941 .714 .886 .733 .771 .807 .691 .749 .728 .762 .694 Skewness Statistic Std. Error -.188 -.381 -.464 -.024 -.306 -.477 .184 .658 .015 .629 .698 .757 .583 -.177 -.574 .053 -.343 -.379 -.074 .040 -.206 -.686 -.377 -.690 -.286 -.583 -1.062 -1.056 -.164 -.408 -.476 -.300 .239 .239 .239 .239 .239 .239 .239 .239 .239 .239 .239 .239 .239 .239 .239 .239 .239 .239 .239 .239 .239 .239 .239 .239 .239 .239 .239 .239 .239 .239 .239 .239 Kurtosis Statistic .298 .639 .508 -.390 -.059 -.183 -.305 -.176 -.238 -.853 -.565 -.399 .729 .496 .535 -.241 .018 .064 -.334 -.256 -1.009 -.020 .229 -.130 -.017 .857 2.570 2.819 -.220 -.476 -.315 -.891 Std. Error .474 .474 .474 .474 .474 .474 .474 .474 .474 .474 .474 .474 .474 .474 .474 .474 .474 .474 .474 .474 .474 .474 .474 .474 .474 .474 .474 .474 .474 .474 .474 .474

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dn4 dn5 tt1 tt2 tt3 tt4 tt5 tt6 ct1 ct2 ct3 ct4 ct5 ct6 ct7 ct8 ct9 ct10 vh1 vh2 vh3 vh4 Valid N (listwise) 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 4.07 3.96 3.55 3.44 3.43 3.59 3.24 3.48 3.46 3.45 3.73 3.38 3.36 3.62 3.47 3.42 3.63 3.43 3.56 3.47 3.44 3.17 .799 .867 .971 .907 .917 .948 .946 .767 .640 .816 .583 .821 .830 .856 .898 .681 .900 .790 .863 .727 .739 .661 -.362 -.389 .157 .138 .128 -.295 .369 .537 .149 -.006 -.185 .168 .078 .445 .090 .194 .066 -.200 .617 .577 .131 .016

ti: Lng trung thnh v hnh ng ca chng ta

.239 .239 .239 .239 .239 .239 .239 .239 .239 .239 .239 .239 .239 .239 .239 .239 .239 .239 .239 .239 .239 .239 -.717 -.643 -.998 -.734 -.412 -.800 -.720 -.268 -.169 -.477 -.004 -.432 .006 -.901 -.331 1.082 -.452 .172 -.802 -.135 .626 1.044 .474 .474 .474 .474 .474 .474 .474 .474 .474 .474 .474 .474 .474 .474 .474 .474 .474 .474 .474 .474 .474 .474

6.3.

nh gi thang o Thang o c nh gi tin cy thng qua cng c l h s Cronbach Alpha.

H s Cronbach Alpha c s dng loi cc bin rc, cc bin c h s tng qua tng bin (Corrected item total correctlation) nh hn 0.3 s b loi v thang o s c chn khi h s Cronbach Alpha ln hn 0.6 (Nunnally & Bernstein, 1994). a) Tnh cht cng vic:
Reliability Statistics Cronbach's Alpha .809 N of Items 6

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Item-Total Statistics Cronbach's Scale Mean if Item Deleted cv1 cv2 cv3 cv4 cv5 cv6 17.67 17.73 17.66 17.90 17.67 17.85 Scale Variance if Corrected ItemItem Deleted 8.759 9.152 8.881 9.020 8.878 8.384 Total Correlation .612 .562 .583 .571 .454 .654 Alpha if Item Deleted

ti: Lng trung thnh v hnh ng ca chng ta

.770 .781 .776 .779 .810 .759

Thang o tnh cht cng vic c h s Cronbach Alpha = 0.809 > 0.6 v cc h s tng quan tng bin ( Correct item total correctlation) ln hn 0.3 nn t yu cu. b) Tin lng:
Reliability Statistics Cronbach's Alpha .735 N of Items 7

Item-Total Statistics Cronbach's Scale Mean if Item Deleted lc1 lc2 lc3 lc4 lc5 lc6 lc7 21.23 21.10 20.89 20.94 21.01 21.07 21.35 Scale Variance if Corrected ItemItem Deleted 6.137 7.337 7.662 7.086 7.099 7.451 8.191 Total Correlation .570 .453 .373 .488 .550 .484 .235 Alpha if Item Deleted .672 .703 .720 .694 .682 .698 .748

Thang o tin lng c h s Cronbach Alpha = 0.735 > 0.6 nhng do c h s tng quan ca bin ( Correct item total correctlation) lc7 < 0.3 nn ta phi loi tr i bin lc7. Sau khi loi tr bin quan st lc7 ta c: K20 m 4 Nhm 9 Trang 22

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Reliability Statistics Cronbach's Alpha .748 N of Items 6

ti: Lng trung thnh v hnh ng ca chng ta

Item-Total Statistics Cronbach's Scale Mean if Item Deleted lc1 lc2 lc3 lc4 lc5 lc6 17.98 17.85 17.65 17.70 17.76 17.82 Scale Variance if Corrected ItemItem Deleted 5.069 6.028 6.369 6.035 5.944 6.404 Total Correlation .570 .503 .407 .458 .556 .442 Alpha if Item Deleted .689 .708 .732 .720 .694 .724

Thang o tin lng c h s Cronbach Alpha = 0.748 > 0.6 v cc h s tng quan tng bin ( Correct item total correctlation) ln hn 0.3 nn lc ny mi t yu cu. c) Ch phc li:
Reliability Statistics Cronbach's Alpha .715 N of Items 7

Item-Total Statistics Cronbach's Scale Mean if Item Deleted pl1 pl2 pl3 pl4 pl5 pl6 pl7 21.83 21.49 21.84 21.75 21.75 21.77 21.79 Scale Variance if Corrected ItemItem Deleted 7.764 7.658 7.599 7.870 7.796 7.582 7.809 Total Correlation .335 .452 .476 .423 .446 .435 .422 Alpha if Item Deleted .708 .676 .670 .683 .678 .680 .683

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Thang o phc li x hi c h s Cronbach Alpha = 0.715 > 0.6 v cc h s tng quan tng bin ( Correct item total correctlation) ln hn 0.3 nn t yu cu. d) Mi trng lm vic:
Reliability Statistics Cronbach's Alpha .724 N of Items 9

Item-Total Statistics Cronbach's Scale Mean if Item Deleted mt1 mt2 mt3 mt4 mt5 mt6 mt7 mt8 mt9 29.63 29.35 29.00 29.07 29.09 29.13 29.04 28.98 29.23 Scale Variance if Corrected ItemItem Deleted 14.038 15.795 14.752 17.094 14.576 14.528 14.335 15.861 14.454 Total Correlation .301 .232 .574 .072 .589 .560 .560 .377 .596 Alpha if Item Deleted .736 .732 .674 .757 .671 .673 .672 .705 .669

Thang o mi trng lm vic c h s Cronbach Alpha = 0.724 > 0.6 nhng do c h s tng quan ca bin ( Correct item total correctlation) mt4 < 0.3 nn ta phi loi tr i bin mt4.

Sau khi loi bin quan st mt4 ta c:

Reliability Statistics Cronbach's Alpha .757 N of Items 8

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Item-Total Statistics Cronbach's Scale Mean if Item Deleted mt1 mt2 mt3 mt5 mt6 mt7 mt8 mt9 25.88 25.61 25.25 25.34 25.38 25.29 25.24 25.48 Scale Variance if Corrected ItemItem Deleted 11.946 14.478 13.637 13.455 13.347 13.398 14.637 13.440 Total Correlation .416 .242 .559 .576 .560 .515 .375 .563 Alpha if Item Deleted

ti: Lng trung thnh v hnh ng ca chng ta

.755 .773 .716 .713 .714 .721 .744 .714

Thang o mi trng lm vic c h s Cronbach Alpha = 0.757 > 0.6 nhng do c h s tng quan ca bin ( Correct item total correctlation) mt2 < 0.3 nn ta phi tip tc loi tr i bin mt2. Sau khi loi bin quan st mt2 ta c:
Reliability Statistics Cronbach's Alpha .773 N of Items 7

Item-Total Statistics Cronbach's Scale Mean if Item Deleted mt1 mt3 mt5 mt6 mt7 mt8 mt9 22.42 21.79 21.88 21.92 21.83 21.77 22.02 Scale Variance if Corrected ItemItem Deleted 10.028 11.373 11.075 10.865 10.695 12.394 10.851 Total Correlation .366 .539 .587 .594 .593 .331 .621 Alpha if Item Deleted .801 .738 .728 .725 .724 .773 .721

Thang o mi trng lm vic c h s Cronbach Alpha = 0.773 > 0.6 v cc h s tng quan tng bin ( Correct item total correctlation) ln hn 0.3 nn t yu cu K20 m 4 Nhm 9 Trang 25

Phng php nghin cu khoa hc GVHD: TS. Nguyn Hong Bo e) ng nghip:

Reliability Statistics Cronbach's Alpha .906 N of Items 5

ti: Lng trung thnh v hnh ng ca chng ta

Item-Total Statistics Cronbach's Scale Mean if Item Deleted dn1 dn2 dn3 dn4 dn5 16.35 16.39 16.30 16.44 16.55 Scale Variance if Corrected ItemItem Deleted 7.260 7.290 7.441 6.922 6.547 Total Correlation .774 .719 .767 .776 .796 Alpha if Item Deleted .883 .894 .885 .882 .879

Thang o ng nghip c h s Cronbach Alpha = 0.906 > 0.6 v cc h s tng quan tng bin ( Correct item total correctlation) ln hn 0.3 nn t yu cu f) iu kin thng tin:
Reliability Statistics Cronbach's Alpha .680 N of Items 6

Item-Total Statistics Cronbach's Scale Mean if Item Deleted tt1 tt2 tt3 tt4 tt5 tt6 17.18 17.28 17.29 17.14 17.49 17.25 Scale Variance if Corrected ItemItem Deleted 8.404 8.205 8.744 8.377 8.569 8.722 Total Correlation .384 .477 .354 .407 .369 .485 Alpha if Item Deleted .648 .615 .657 .639 .653 .619

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Thang o iu kin thng tin c h s Cronbach Alpha = 0.680 > 0.6 v cc h s tng quan tng bin ( Correct item total correctlation) ln hn 0.3 nn t yu cu g) Cp trn:
Reliability Statistics Cronbach's Alpha .850 N of Items 10

Item-Total Statistics Cronbach's Scale Mean if Item Deleted ct1 ct2 ct3 ct4 ct5 ct6 ct7 ct8 ct9 ct10 31.49 31.50 31.23 31.57 31.59 31.33 31.48 31.53 31.32 31.52 Scale Variance if Corrected ItemItem Deleted 22.549 22.351 22.731 22.050 21.096 21.234 20.925 22.608 20.399 21.816 Total Correlation .573 .444 .607 .482 .611 .567 .574 .520 .644 .542 Alpha if Item Deleted .835 .846 .834 .842 .830 .835 .834 .839 .827 .837

Thang o cp trn c h s Cronbach Alpha = 0.850 > 0.6 v cc h s tng quan tng bin ( Correct item total correctlation) ln hn 0.3 nn t yu cu h) Vn ha cng ty:
Reliability Statistics Cronbach's Alpha .633 N of Items 4

Item-Total Statistics Cronbach's Scale Mean if Item Deleted Scale Variance if Corrected ItemItem Deleted Total Correlation Alpha if Item Deleted

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vh1 vh2 vh3 vh4 10.08 10.17 10.20 10.47 2.707 2.536 2.476 3.123 .297 .530 .546 .313

ti: Lng trung thnh v hnh ng ca chng ta

.662 .478 .464 .626

Thang o vn ha cng ty c h s Cronbach Alpha = 0.633 > 0.6 nhng do c h s tng quan ca bin ( Correct item total correctlation) vh1 < 0.3 nn ta phi loi tr i bin vh1.

Sau khi loi bin quan st vh1 ta c:

Reliability Statistics Cronbach's Alpha .662 N of Items 3

Item-Total Statistics Cronbach's Scale Mean if Item Deleted vh2 vh3 vh4 6.61 6.64 6.91 Scale Variance if Corrected ItemItem Deleted 1.409 1.342 1.467 Total Correlation .445 .478 .501 Alpha if Item Deleted .604 .561 .535

Thang o vn ha cng ty c h s Cronbach Alpha = 0.662 > 0.6 v cc h s tng quan tng bin ( Correct item total correctlation) ln hn 0.3 nn t yu cu 6.4. nh gi bin s ph thuc - tthanh Cc bin quan st trong thang o s trung thnh ca nhn vin, ltt1 (Anh/ch c nh li lu di cng cng ty), ltt2 (Nu c ni khc c li ngh lng bng tng i hp dn hn, anh/ch vn s li cng cng ty), ltt3 (V nhiu phng din, anh ch coi cng ty l mi nh th hai ca mnh) vi gi tr trung bnh cao ( Mean = 3.80; 3.35; 3.30). iu ny cho thy nhn vin rt mong mun gn b lu di vi Cng ty CP Vng bc qu Ph Nhun.

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Descriptive Statistics N Statistic ltt1 ltt2 ltt3 Valid N (listwise) 102 102 102 102 Minimum Maximum Statistic 2 1 2 Statistic 5 5 5 Mean Statistic 3.80 3.35 3.30 Std. Deviation Statistic .690 .740 .642

ti: Lng trung thnh v hnh ng ca chng ta

Skewness Statistic -.091 .972 .544 Std. Error .239 .239 .239

Kurtosis Statistic -.196 1.329 .492 Std. Error .474 .474 .474

Reliability Statistics Cronbach's Alpha .599 N of Items 3

Item-Total Statistics Cronbach's Scale Mean if Item Deleted ltt1 ltt2 ltt3 6.66 7.11 7.16 Scale Variance if Corrected ItemItem Deleted 1.119 1.048 1.658 Total Correlation .545 .524 .193 Alpha if Item Deleted .285 .305 .766

Sau khi loi tr bin ltt3 ta c:

Reliability Statistics Cronbach's Alpha .766 N of Items 2

Item-Total Statistics Cronbach's Scale Mean if Item Deleted ltt1 ltt2 3.35 3.80 Scale Variance if Corrected ItemItem Deleted .547 .476 Total Correlation .622 .622 Alpha if Item Deleted . .
a a

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Item-Total Statistics Cronbach's Scale Mean if Item Deleted ltt1 ltt2 3.35 3.80 Scale Variance if Corrected ItemItem Deleted .547 .476 Total Correlation .622 .622 Alpha if Item Deleted . .

ti: Lng trung thnh v hnh ng ca chng ta

a a

a. The value is negative due to a negative average covariance among items. This violates reliability model assumptions. You may want to check item codings.

Thang o Lng trung thnh: sau khi loi tr bin ltt3 (do c h s tng quan tng bin <0.3), ta cn li hai bin l ltt1 v ltt2. Lc ny h s Cronbach Alpha = 0.766 > 0.6 v cc h s tng quan tng bin ( Correct item total correctlation) ln hn 0.3 nn t yu cu 6.5. Phn tch hi quy Phn tch hi quy c thc bin vi 8 bin c lp gm: S tha mn trong cng vic (cviec), Thu nhp cao (lcao), Ch phc li (ploi), Mi trng lm vic (mtruong), S ng h t ng nghip (dnghiep), iu kin thng tin (ttien), H tr t cp trn (ctren), Vn ha cng ty (vhoa) v bin phc thuc l S trung thnh ca nhn vin (lthanh). Gi tr ca cc bin c lp c tnh trung bnh da trn cc bin quan st thnh phn ca cc bin c lp . Gi tr ca bin ph thuc l gi trr trung bnh ca cc bin quan st v s trung thnh ca nhn vin. Phn tch c thc hin bng phng php Enter. Cc bin c a vo cng mt lc xem bin no c chp nhn. Kt qu phn tch hi quy nh sau: Kt qu ny cho thy m hnh hi quy a ra tng i ph hp vi mc ngha 0.05. H s R2 hiu chnh = 0.734 c ngha l c khong 73.4% phng sai s trung thnh c gii thch bi 8 bin c lp l: S tha mn trong cng vic (cviec), Thu nhp cao (lcao), Ch phc li (ploi), Mi trng lm vic (mtruong), S ng h t ng nghip (dnghiep), iu kin thng tin (ttien), H tr t cp trn (ctren), Vn ha cng ty (vhoa) v bin phc thuc l S trung thnh ca nhn vin (lthanh).

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Model Summary Adjusted R Model 1 R .869
a

ti: Lng trung thnh v hnh ng ca chng ta

Std. Error of the Estimate .734 .332

R Square .755

Square

a. Predictors: (Constant), vhoa, dnghiep, cviec, lcao, ploi, mtruong, ctren, ttien

Trong bng phn tch ANOVA, ta thy gi tr sig rt nh ( sig = 0.00), nn m hnh hi quy ph hp vi tp d liu v c th s dng c
ANOVA Model 1 Regression Residual Total Sum of Squares 31.622 10.250 41.873 df 8 93 101
b

Mean Square 3.953 .110

F 35.864

Sig. .000
a

a. Predictors: (Constant), vhoa, dnghiep, cviec, lcao, ploi, mtruong, ctren, ttien b. Dependent Variable: tthanh

Coefficients Unstandardized Coefficients Model 1 (Constant) cviec lcao ploi mtruong dnghiep ttien ctren vhoa B -.990 .036 .528 .064 .094 .141 .470 .016 -.081 Std. Error .328 .074 .106 .111 .089 .066 .094 .096 .092 .033 .391 .045 .079 .144 .412 .013 -.069 Standardized Coefficients Beta t

Correlations Sig. Zero-order Partial Part

Collinearity Statistics Tolerance VIF

-3.014 .003 .487 .627 4.989 .000 .581 .562 1.051 .296 2.126 .036 4.982 .000 .164 .870 -.878 .382 .453 .777 .592 .500 .500 .794 .527 .527 .050 .459 .060 .108 .215 .459 .017 .025 .256 .030 .054 .109 .256 .008 .585 .428 .436 .463 .572 .384 .448 .425 1.710 2.338 2.294 2.162 1.749 2.603 2.234 2.353

-.091 -.045

a. Dependent Variable: tthanh

Tuy nhin trong bng Coefficients ta thy gi tr sig ca cc bin c lp: cviec, ploi, mtruong, ctren v vhoa > 0.05. Theo phn tch hi quy, nu gi tr sig ln hn mc nha 0.05 th bin khng nh hng n bin ph thuc. 6.6. Kim nh gi thit: Trang 31

K20 m 4 Nhm 9

Phng php nghin cu khoa hc ti: Lng trung thnh v GVHD: TS. Nguyn Hong Bo hnh ng ca chng ta H1: S tha mn trong cng vic cng cao th nhn vin cng trung thnh vi cng ty. Thnh phn S tha mn trong cng vic c Beta = 0.36, sig = 0.627 > 0.05 nn gi thit ny c khng c chp nhn. H2: Thu nhp cao s lm cho nhn vin trung thnh vi t chc hn. Thnh phn Thu nhp cao c Beta = 0.528, sig = 0.000 < 0.05 nn gi thit ny c chp nhn. H3: Cng ty c ch phc li tt s lm cho nhn vin trung thnh hn. Thnh phn Cng ty c ch phc li tt c Beta = 0.064, sig = 0.562 > 0.05 nn gi thit ny khng c chp nhn. H4: Mi trng lm vic thun li lm cho nhn vin trung thnh vi t chc. Thnh phn Mi trng lm vic thun li c Beta = 0.094, sig = 0.296 > 0.05 nn gi thit ny khng c chp nhn. H5: C c s ng h tt t ng nghip lm cho nhn vin trung thnh vi t chc. Thnh phn s ng h tt t ng nghip c Beta = 0.141 , sig = 0.036 < 0.05 nn gi thit ny c chp nhn. H6: S cng bng trong chnh sch thng tin lm cho nhn vin trung thnh hn vi t chc. Thnh phn S cng bng trong chnh sch thng tin c Beta = 0.470, sig = 0.000 < 0.05 nn gi thit ny c chp nhn. H7: C s h tr t cp trn lm cho nhn vin trung thnh vi t chc hn. Thnh phn s h tr t cp trn c Beta = 0.016, sig = 0.870 > 0.05 nn gi thit ny khng c chp nhn. H8: Xy dng mt vn ha cng ty mnh s khin nhn vin trung thnh hn vi t chc. Thnh phn Xy dng mt vn ha cng ty mnh c Beta = -0.081, sig = 0.382 > 0.05 nn gi thit ny khng c chp nhn. Sau khi loi cc bin khng tha gi thit ban u, ta c phng trnh hi quy nh sau: Y = 0 + 1lcao + 2dnghiep + 3ttien

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Phng php nghin cu khoa hc GVHD: TS. Nguyn Hong Bo

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Kt qu hi quy sau khi loi bin: cviec, ploi, mtruong, ctren v vhoa:
Coefficients Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized Coefficients Correlations ZeroModel 1 (Constant) lcao dnghiep ttien B -.795 .552 .172 .493 Std. Error .275 .097 .055 .084 .409 .176 .433 Beta t -2.892 5.690 3.162 5.882 Sig. .005 .000 .002 .000 .777 .500 .794 .498 .304 .511 .288 .160 .297 .496 .823 .472 2.018 1.216 2.120 order Partial Part Tolerance VIF Collinearity Statistics
a

a. Dependent Variable: tthanh

T bng trn ta c phng trnh hi quy: Lng trung thnh = - 0.795 + 0.552*lcao + 0.172*dnghiep + 0.493*ttien Phng trnh hi quy th hin mi quan h gia s trung thnh ca nhn vin trong t chc (tthanh) vi cc bin c lp bao gm: Thu nhp cao (lcao), S ng h t ng nghip (dnghiep), iu kin thng tin (ttien) Thng qua kt qu hi quy ta thy, lng trung thnh ti cng ty PNJ ph thuc vo 3 yu t l: lng cao, mi quan h vi ng nghip v iu kin thng tin. Trong , ta thy rng hai bin lcao v ttien c nh hng mnh nht vi Partial ca lcao l 0.498 v ca ttien l 0.511. Ngoi ra, lng trung thnh cn b nh hng bi yu t mi quan h vi ng nghip (Partial = 0.304) cng gp phn khng nh trong vic gi chn nhn vin.

7. KT LUN CA NGHIN CU
Bn nghin cu ny s dng bng cu hi phng vn trc tip i tng ly d liu thng tin cho vic nghin cu v mc gn b ca nhn vin i vi cng ty PNJ. Bng cu hi ny c xy dng da trn cc nh ngha v nhu cu ca con ngi, cc l thuyt v mc hi lng ca con ngi trong t chc v nhng nghin cu trc y v lng trung thnh ca nhn vin trong cng ty. Nghin cu cng i theo chiu hng l phn tch 8 nhn t nh hng n s trung thnh ca nhn vin i vi t chc gm: S tha mn trong cng vic, Thu nhp cao, Ch phc li, Mi trng lm vic, S ng h t ng nghip, iu K20 m 4 Nhm 9 Trang 33

Phng php nghin cu khoa hc ti: Lng trung thnh v GVHD: TS. Nguyn Hong Bo hnh ng ca chng ta kin thng tin, H tr t cp trn, Vn ha cng ty theo l thuyt v hnh vi t vi t chc. Dng phng php phn tch hi qui thng qua phn mm SPSS 16.0 cui cng t c mt hm s hi qui v s trung thnh ca nhn vin. Kt qu t c cho thy s trung thnh ca nhn vin ca mu ang c nghin cu l ph thuc vo 3 nhn t trong s 8 nhn t c phn tch. l s thu nhp cao, s c th thng tin v mi quan h vi ng nghip. Cc bin ny tc ng vo s trung thnh ca nhng nhn vin c kho st. Kim nh gi thit m hnh khng nh nh sau: Thu nhp cao s lm cho nhn vin trung thnh vi t chc hn, C c s ng h tt t ng nghip lm cho nhn vin trung thnh vi t chc, S cng bng trong chnh sch thng tin lm cho nhn vin trung thnh hn vi t chc. Tt nhin nhn nh ny ch dnh cho mu nghin cu 102 ngi v tt c nhng ngi l nhng nhn vin ti cng ty PNJ. S liu thng k cho thy cc quan st c xu hng la chn mt p n cho cc cu hi l trn mc trung bnh. Hn na trong vic la chn p n cng nhn thy tt cc cc nh gi cao nht u c la chn tt c cc bin quan st nhng ch c mt phn l la chn nh gi thp nht. Nhng nghin cu li hn ch l khng tm hiu c vn tim n trong s la chn p n ny ca cc quan st b sung thm sc thuyt phc cho nghin cu. Vi kt qu ny gip cho cc nh qun l xy dng cc chnh sch v nhn s cho ph hp trong iu kin cho php. Khi nhn vin trung thnh vi doanh nghip s lm cho doanh s gia tng v gim ng k chi ph. Tuy nhin nh qun l ch s dng bn nghin cu ny nh l bn tham kho xy dng mt bn nghin cu quy m cao hn so vi qui m c s dng trong nghin cu ny.

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Phng php nghin cu khoa hc GVHD: TS. Nguyn Hong Bo

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PH LC
---------o0o----------

PHIU THM D KIN NHN VIN

Xin cho Anh/Ch, hin nay chng ti ang tin hnh mt cuc thm d ly kin nhn vin cc cng ty. kin ng gp ca anh/ch rt qu bu cho cuc nghin cu ny v c bo mt tuyt i, khng c cu tr li no ca anh/ch b cho l sai hay ng v thc s l cm nhn ring ca anh/ch. Anh/ch vui lng cho bit mc ng ca mnh v cc pht biu di y. i vi mi pht biu, hy khoanh trn vo mc ng m Anh/ch cho l hp l nht theo quy c l: 1. Hon ton khng ng 2. Khng ng 3. Phn vn 4. ng 5. Hon ton ng Q1: Xin anh ch cho bit mc ng v cng vic hin nay ca Anh/Ch ti cng ty. M S 1 2 3 4 Cu pht biu Cng vic cho php Anh/Ch s dng tt cc nng lc c nhn. Cng vic rt th v Cng vic c nhiu thch thc Cng vic c nhiu quyn hn v trch nhim ph hp Khi cng vic hon thnh tt, s c cng ty nh gi cao Anh/Ch thch cng vic hin ti 1 1 1 1 Mc ng 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5

5 6

1 1

2 2

3 3

4 4

5 5

Q2: Xin cho bit mc hi lng v tin lng hin nay ca Anh/Ch ti cng ty. 1 2 3 4 Anh/Ch c tr lng cao so vi cng ty cng ngnh Anh/Ch thng c tng lng Anh/Ch hiu r v quy ch lng Anh/Ch c th sng hon ton da vo thu 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5

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Phng php nghin cu khoa hc GVHD: TS. Nguyn Hong Bo nhp t cng ty 5 Tin lng tng xng vi kt qu lm vic ca Anh/Ch Tin lng c tr cng bng, hp l gia cc nhn vin Anh/Ch hi lng vi mc lng hin ti ca mnh

ti: Lng trung thnh v hnh ng ca chng ta

Q3: Xin cho bit mc ng v cc ch phc li hin nay ca cng ty. 1 2 Cng ty c ch phc li tt Cng ty thc hin ch BHXH, BHYT, BHTN rt tt Anh/Ch hi lng vi ch tin thng ca cty Khi gia nh anh ch c vic h trng c cng ty quan tm chia s Anh/Ch cm thy hi lng vi cc hat ng t chc on hi (Cng on, on thanh nin) trong cng ty Cc chuyn du lch, picnic ca cng ty tht s th v Anh/Ch nh gi cao chng trnh phc li ca cng ty 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5

Q4: Xin cho bit mc ng v Mi trng lm vic hin nay ti cng ty 1 2 3 4 Cng vic khng b p lc cao Cng vic khng i hi thng xuyn phi lm ngoi gi Trang thit b ni lm vic an ton, sch s Anh/ch c cung cp y thit b, thng tin thc hin cng vic Khng gian, thit k ni lm vic lm anh/ch thy thoi mi v d chu 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5

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Phng php nghin cu khoa hc GVHD: TS. Nguyn Hong Bo Cng vic n nh, khng phi lo lng v mt 6 vic lm 7 Bu khng kh lm vic trong cty rt thoi mi, vui v Thi gian bt u v kt thc gi lm vic hp l Anh/Ch bng lng vi mi trng lm vic hin ti ca cng ty

ti: Lng trung thnh v hnh ng ca chng ta 1 2 3 4 5

Q5: Xin cho bit mc ng cho nhng nhn xt sau y v ng nghip hin nay ca Anh/ch 1 2 ng nghip ca anh/ch thoi mi v d chu Anh/Ch v cc ng nghip phi hp lm vic tt Nhng ngi m anh/ch lm vic vi thng gip ln nhau ng nghip lun ng vin, chia s vi nhng thnh cng hay sai lm ca nhau Anh/Ch cm thy c nhiu ng lc trau di chuyn mn khi c lm vic vi cc ng nghip ca mnh 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5

Q6: Xin cho bit mc ng v nhng iu kin thng tin ca Anh/ch hin nay ti cng ty 1 2 3 4 Anh/Ch c bit nhng iu kin c thng tin Cng ty to cho anh ch nhiu c hi thng tin Chnh sch thng tin ca cng ty cng bng Anh/Ch c cung cp kin thc/k nng cn thit cho cng vic Cng ty to cho anh/ch nhiu c hi pht trin c nhn Cng ty gip anh/ch c k hoch r rng trong o to, pht trin ngh nghip c nhn 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5

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Phng php nghin cu khoa hc GVHD: TS. Nguyn Hong Bo Q7: Nhn nh v cp trn trc tip 1 Cp trn hi kin anh/ch khi c vn lin quan n cng vic ca anh/ch Cp trn khuyn khch cp di tham gia vo nhng quyt nh quan trng Anh/Ch c bit phm vi trch nhim cng vic Anh/Ch c bit nhn xt ca cp trn v mc hon thnh cng vic Anh/Ch nhn c s ng vin khen thng kp thi t cp trn khi hon thnh cng vic Anh/Chi tin tng cp trn ca mnh Anh/Ch c s h tr ca cp trn Nhn vin c tn trng v tin cy trong cng vic Lnh o c tc phong lch s, ha nh Nhn vin c i x cng bng, khng phn bit

ti: Lng trung thnh v hnh ng ca chng ta

5 6 7 8 9 10

1 1 1 1 1 1

2 2 2 2 2 2

3 3 3 3 3 3

4 4 4 4 4 4

5 5 5 5 5 5

Q8: Cng ty lun: 1 Kch thch s sng to trong cng vic Gio dc cn b, nhn vin ca mnh sng trong mt nn vn ha m Nhn L Ngha Tr Tn c cao Quan tm n i sng nhn vin, mi ngi sng vi nhau c ngha tnh cao li ch nhn vin, c tinh thn trch nhim i vi x hi v cng ng 1 2 3 4 5

Q9: Xin cho bit mc ng ca Anh/ch cho nhng pht biu sau: 1 2 Anh/Ch c nh li lu di cng cng ty Nu c ni khc c li ngh lng bng tng i hp dn hn, anh/ch vn s li 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5

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Phng php nghin cu khoa hc GVHD: TS. Nguyn Hong Bo cng cng ty 3 V nhiu phng din, anh ch coi cng ty l mi nh th hai ca mnh

ti: Lng trung thnh v hnh ng ca chng ta

H v Tn : Ni cng tc : Chc v :

Chn thnh cm n s gip ca cc Anh/Ch Chc Anh/Ch lun vui v trong cng vic v trong cuc sng

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Phng php nghin cu khoa hc GVHD: TS. Nguyn Hong Bo

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DANH MC TI LIU THAM KHO

[1] Hong Trng Chu Nguyn Mng Ngc (2008) Phn tch d liu nghin cu vi SPSS, [2] L Vn Huy (n.d.) Phn tch d liu vi SPSS, xem ngy 11/03/2011, <http://www.idr.edu.vn/diendannghiencuu/showthread.php?t=675> [3] Nguyn Thnh Cng, Phm Ngc Thy, Trng i hc Bch khoa, HQGHCM, Cc yu t nh hng n lng trung thnh ca khch hng i vi thng hiu in thoi di ng, Tp ch pht trin KH&CN s 8, (2007. [4] Nguyn Th Mai Trang, Khoa Kinh t, HQG-HCM, Cht lng dch v, s tha mn v lng trung thnh ca khch hng siu th ti TpHCM, (2006) [5] Trn Kim Dung, o lng mc tha mn i vi cng vic trong iu kin ti Vit Nam, (2005) [6] Trn Ngc V (n.d.) Hng dn s dng SPSS, xem ngy 11/03/2011, <http://caohockinhte.info/forum/showthread.php?t=12588> [7] TS. Trn Th Kim Dung, Nhu cu, s tha mn ca nhn vin v mc gn kt i vi t chc, (2005)

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