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BI TP CHNG I, II

Cu 1: Trnh by cng thc khai trin, trn cng thc phi ghi r i in t t do, vn o trng. BF3, AlCl3, CH3-Zn-CH3, NO2 -, NH2-, CN-, HSO4-, HCO3Cu 2: a) nh ngha v cho v d v Acid Lewis v base Lewis b) S dng mi tn cong ch chiu di chuyn ca in t. Ln lt cho mi cht ghi cu (a), hot ng nh mt base Lewis, tc dng ln acid Lewis HCl v ln lt cho mi tc cht ghi trong cu (b), hot ng nh mt acid Lewis, tc dng ln ion hydroxid HO(a) CH3-CH2-OH; HN(CH3)2; P(CH3) (b) H3C+; B(CH3)3; MgBr2

Cu 3: Cho bit tc cht c tnh thn in t, tc cht c tnh thn hch. NH3; BF3; H+; Cl-; OH-, Mg2+; CH3-NH2 Cu 4: Cht hay ion no trong mi cp cht v ion sau y c tnh thn hch mnh hn?
a. NH2- hay NH3 b. H2O hay CH3COOc. BF3 hay Fd. (CH3)P hay (CH3)3N e. I- hay Clf.
-

CN hay -OCH3
1

Cu 5: Sp xp theo trt t tng dn kh nng phn ng ca cc cht sau trong phn ng SN2:
a. (CH3)3CCl; CH3CH2CH2Cl; CH3CH2CHClCH3 b. (CH3)2CHCHBrCH3; (CH3)2CHCH2Br; (CH3)3CCH2Br c. CH3CH2CH2OCH3; CH3CH2OTs; CH3CH2CH2Br.

Cu 6: Hp cht (S)- 2 butanol khi trong dung dch acid sulfuric long s dn dn tr thnh hn hp tiu trin. Gii thch hin tng ny. Cu 7: Khi thay th nhm -Br bi nhm Cl trn cht nn R-CH2-Br trong dung mi khc nhau, thu c kt qu vi vn tc khc nhau nh sau. Nhm R Vn tc tng i trong aceton -CH3 1.5 -C2H5 1 1 -C3H7 0.2 26 -C(CH3)3 3.10-5 108

Vn tc tng i trong acid formic 0.6

a. Trong mi chui phn ng hy ngh c ch phn ng gii thch kt qu ghi nhn c nh vai tr ca dung mi. b. Trnh by chi tit mi giai on phn ng trong nhng phn ng va ngh trn.
c. Quan st thy rng trong loi phn ng vi dung mi acid formic, t(CH3)3C-CH2-Br

s thu c sn phm l CH3-C(CH3)(Cl)-C2H5. Gii thch v sau c th lp thnh sn phm ny. d. Khi thay th nhm Br bi nhm Cl trn cht nn R-2-Bromobutan, trnh by cu trc lp th ca hp cht ny. Cng da vo nhng c ch phn ng nh trnh by trong cc cu trn, cho bit phn ng s cho ra nhng i phn no trong dung mi aceton v trong dung mi acid formic.

Cu 8: Gii thch v sao hp cht 3-bromo-1-buten v 1-bromo-2-buten thc hin phn ng SN1 vi cng mt vn tc, mc d hp cht R-X nht cp trong khi mt cn li l R-X nh cp.

Cu 9: Trnh bi bng cng thc khai trin, trn cng thc phi ghi r cc i in t t do v in tch m c t ng ngay bn nguyn t ca n
NO2 NH2 CH2 HSO4 HCO3 HC2

Cu 10: Bit rng cc hp cht c gi tr Ka thay i t 1015 (tnh acid mnh nht) n 1060 (tnh acid yu nht), trong cc acid v c nh HCl, H2SO4 c Ka trong khong 102 n 109 ; cc acid carboxilic c Ka trong khong 10-5 n 10-15 Bng cho bit tnh acid ca mt vi acid thng thng v base lin hp ca chng Acid CH3-CH2-OH H2O HCN CH3-COOH HF HNO3 HCl Tn Etanol Nc Acid hidrocianic Acid acetic Acid hidrofluoric Acid nitric Acid hidrocioric pKa 16.00 15.74 9.31 4.76 3.45 -1.30 -7.0 Base lin hp
CH3-CH2-O HO

Tn Ion etoxid Ion hidroxid Ion cianur Ion acetat Ion fluorur Ion nitrat Ion clorur

NC
CH3-COO F
O3N Cl

Hy cho bit 1/ HCN c pKa = 9.13 vy Ka ca n bng bao nhiu? 2/ Acid acetic c pKa = 4.76 hy cho bit gi tr Ka ca n. T gi tr Ka ny hy cho bit nng H3O c trong dung dch 0.1 M acid acetic. Dung dch lc c pH bng bao nhiu? 3/ Cho bit pH ca dung dch nc acid benzoic c nng 0.5 M (bit rng acid benzoic c pKa = 4.19)
3

4/ Gia acid formic H-COOH c pKa = 3.75 v acid picric (2,4,6-trinitrophenol) c pKa = 0.38 th acid no mnh hn? 5/ Bit rng ion amidure H2N- l mt base mnh hn rt nhiu so vi ion hidroxid HO- , vy acid lin hp ca chng l NH3 v H2O, cht no c tnh acid mnh hn? 6/ Cc phn ng sau c th xy ra khng? a/ b/
H-CN + CH3-COONa ? NaCN + CH3-COOH

CH3-CH2-OH +

NaCN

CH3-CH2-ONa

H-CN

7/ H2O c pKa = 15.74 v acetilen c pKa = 25, vy cht no c tnh acid hn? Ion hidroxid c th phn ng vi acetilen nh phng trnh sau khng?
H-C C-H
+ H-O

H-C C

H-O-H

8/ NH3 c pKa = 36 v aceton c pKa = 19, phn ng sau c th xy ra khng?


Na CH3 C CH3 O + Na NH2 ? CH3 C CH O + NH3

Cu 11: 1/ Vit phn ng ca alcohol ethyl vi mt dung dch HC C + Na trong amoniac lng. 2/ Vit phng trnh phn ng acid-base (nu c) khi cho cc cp tc cht sau trn ln vi nhau, s dng mi tn cong ch chiu di chuyn ca in t a/ Dung dch nc NaOH v CH3CH2COOH b/ Dung dch nc NaOH v C6H5SO3H c/ CH3CH2ONa trong alcohol ethyl v ethyne d/ CH3CH2Li trong hexan v ethyne e/ CH3CH2Li trong hexan v alcohol ethyl.
4

Cu 12: 1/ Sp xp cc hp cht sau theo tnh acid gim dn (gii thch l do) CH3-CH2-NH2 ; CH3-CH2-OH v CH3-CH2-CH3 Sp xp 2 base lin 3hp caCH cht trn theo tnh base tng dn cc 3 2 cc CH 3-CH CH CH -C
3

CH -CH -CH

2/ Sp xp cc hp cht sau theo tnh acid gim dn


CH3-CH 2-OH CH3-CH2-OH2 CH3-O-CH3

a/

CH3-CH2-CH2-OH CH3-CH 2-COOH CH3-CHCl-COOH

b/
CH3-NH2CH3-NH3 CH3-NH

; ; ;

c/

3/ Sp xp cc hp cht sau theo tnh base tng dn


CH3-O CH3-NH CH3-CH2

a/
CH 3-CH CH

;
CH3-CH 2-CH2CH 3-C

; ;
C

b/ c/

OH 2 Cu 13: 3Cho bit trong v u ca 3cc 2phn ng sau y cht no l acid/base theo nh + H 2O CH CH CH CH2 ngha ca Bronsted hoc Lewis

CH 3 O

1/ 2/

CH C

+ H 2O H 2O OH + + CH 3 I

+ O CH C-CH 3 +

CH 3 OH

OH H 3O
I

3/ 4/ Cu 14: 1/ nh ngha cht thn hch v cht thn in t 2/ Cho bit trong cc cht sau y cht no l cht thn hch hoc cht thn in t
5

NH3

NO2
H-C C

CH 3

NH2

AlCl3

CH 3
CH 3

SH
C O

CH4
CN

H
H 2O

CH3-OH (C6H5) 3C

BF3

(CH3) 3C-O CH3-O

CH3-O-CH3

OH

CH 3-C-O O

Cu 15: Trong cc nhm hoc hp cht sau y, c nhm/hp cht c tnh cht thn in t; c tnh thn hch v cng c nhm/hp C HC cht khng c tnh cht thn in t hoc thn CH 2 CH 2 hch. Hy nu ra 1/ NH3 5/ H+ 2/ +NH4 6/ 3/ CH3CH2O7/ CH3-CH3 11/ -NH2 4/ 8/ CH3-O-CH3 12/ -AlCl4

9/ H2O 10/ HS-

Cu 16: Trong mi phn ng sau y hy cho bit u l tc nhn thn hch (vit tr li phn ng di dng ion hoc dng thy c in tch bn phn phn cc dng, phn cc m)
CH 3 MgBr CH2 O

+ +

CH 3 CH 3

CH2 -Br

CH 3

CH 2 CH 3

MgBr2 + NaOH

1/CH2
NH3

CH2-ONa

H 2O

CH 3

CH2 -O-CH 2 CH 2OH

2/ 3/

H 2O
ONa O

NH4 + (CH3) 2SO4 H2O

HO
O CH 3

+ + I

Na2SO4 IMgOH

+ +

H3C-CH 2-MgI
NH2

CH 2-CH 3 OH

CH 3

NH2-CH3

4/

5/

6/
6

7/ 8/
OC(CH3 )3

+ K ng 3) 3 CH 3-CH-CH -CH 3 CH3-CH-CH3 Cu 17: Mi phn OC(CHtng hp sau y c li 2sai, ch r li sai OH F


Br

+
OH CH 3

NaOH
SOCl2
Cl CH 3

1/

+
N

(l base)

2/

3/ Cu 18: Sp xp cc dung mi sau y vo nhm dung mi proton v dung mi khng proton: acid formic H-COOH; aceton CH3-CO-CH3; acetonitril CH3CN; formamid HCO-NH2; dioxid sulfur SO2; amoniac NH3; trimetilamin N(CH3)3; etilen glicol HO-CH2CH2-OH Cu 19: Trong phn ng SN2 gia CH3-O-/metanol vi mi cht sau, hy sp xp cc hp cht sau y theo th t hot tnh gim dn: CH3-F; CH3-Cl; CH3-Br; CH3-I; CH3-OSO2-CF3; CH3-OH
(R)- CH 3-CH-CH 2-CH3
H3C-H 20: H 3C-C-O Cu 2C-O T (S)-2-bromobutan hy iu ch ra cc hp cht sau. V cu trc ha lp th O (B) (A) gi tn sn phm v

(R)- CH3-CH-CH2-CH 3

(R)- CH3-CH-CH2-CH 3
HS

(R)- CH3-CH-CH2-CH 3
H 3C-S

(C)

(D)

Cu 21: Trong mi cp phn ng sau y phn ng no cho phn ng SN2 nhanh trong dung mi proton? Gii thch. 1/ (1) CH3CH2CH2-Cl + CH3CH2-O(2) CH3CH2CH2-Cl + CH3CH2-OH 2/ (1) CH3CH2CH2-Cl + CH3CH2-O(2) CH3CH2CH2-Cl + CH3CH2-S3/ (1) CH3CH2CH2-Br + (C6H5)3N (2) CH3CH2CH2-Br + (C6H5)3P 4/ (1) CH3CH2CH2-Br (1M) + CH3-O- (1M) (2) CH3CH2CH2-Br (1M) + CH3-O- (2M) Cu 22: Phn ng ca cc hp cht R-X nht cp vi mui nitrit thng cho hai sn phm l R-NO2 v RONO. Gii thch? Cu 23: Cho bit sn phm chnh, ph v c ch ca nhng phn ng sau:
50 a)CH 3CH 2CH 2 Br + CH 3 O C ,CH 3OH 50 b)( CH 3 )CH (C2 H 5 ) Br + HS C , CH 3 OH 50 0 C , CH 3 OH d )( CH 3CH 2CH 2 )3 C Br + HO
0 0

CH3CH2CH2-O-CH2CH3 + Cl+ CH3CH2CH2-O-CH2CH3 + HCl CH3CH2CH2-O-CH2CH3 + ClCH3CH2CH2-S-CH2CH3 + ClCH3CH2CH2-+N(C6H5)3 + BrCH3CH2CH2-+P(C6H5)3 + BrCH3CH2CH2-O-CH3 + BrCH3CH2CH2-O-CH3 + Br-

50 e)( CH 3CH 2 )3 C Br C , CH 3OH

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