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ACIDS AND BASES

Acids and Bases

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Acids and Bases Acid Dissociation Constants, pKa

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Molecular Structure and Acidity Exercises

Acids and Bases

Arrhenius Acid: dissolves in water to produce H+ ion Base: dissolves in water to produce OH- ion
Bronsted - Lowry Lewis

Acid: a proton donor Base: a proton acceptor

Acid: accepts a pair of electrons Base: donates a pair of electrons

Acid Dissociation Constant, pKa

HA + H O 2

Ka

A H O

A + H O+ 3

HA

pKa= - lgKa

The larger the value of pKa, the weaker the acid

The weaker the acid, the stronger its conjugate base

Acid Dissociation Constant, pKa

CH COOH + NH 3 3
Acetic acid Ammonia pKa=4,76 Stronger acid

+ CH COO + NH 3 4
Acetat ion Ammonium ion pKa=9,24 Weaker acid

pKeq= pKHA pKBH+= 4,76 9,24=4,48

Keq= 3 . 104

Acid Dissociation Constant, pKa

HA + B
K eq

A- + HB +

A HB
HAB

K HA K BH

pKeq= pKHA pKBH+

Acid Dissociation Constant, pKa

Predict the position of equilibrium, and calculate the quilibrium constant, Keq, for acid base reaction
CH3NH2 + CH3COOH CH3NH3+ + CH3COO-

pKa of CH3NH3+ : 10,64

Molecular Structure and Acidity

1. Electronegative
2. Size of the Atom 3. Resonance and Inductive 4. Hybridization and the Percent s Character

Molecular Structure and Acidity

1/ Phenol, acetic acid, ethanol, p CH3C6H4OH, (CH3)3COOH. 2/ Aniline, NH3, CH3NH2, p- NO2 C6H5 NH2, CH3CO - NH2 , Cl CH2 CO NH2.

EXERCISE
1/ For each pair of molecules or ion, select the strong base
a/ CH3S- or CH3Ob/ CH3N- or CH3Oc/ CH3COO- or OH-

d/ CH3CH2O- or H-

EXERCISE
2/ In acetic acid, CH3COOH, the OH hydrogen is more acidic than the CH3 hydrogens. Explain

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