Chng 7:

THIT K KT CU O NG

7.1. Quy trnh tnh ton - ti trng tnh ton:

Kt cu o ng c thit k theo quy trnh thit k o ng mm
22TCN 211: 2006. Cc c trng ca ti trng trc tnh ton tiu chun nh sau:
+ Ti trng trc tnh ton tiu chun P = 100 kN.
+ p lc tnh ton ln mt ng p = 0,6 MPa.
+ ng knh vt bnh xe l D = 33 cm.
7.2. Xc nh lu lng xe chy tnh ton:
S trc xe tnh ton Ntt l tng s trc xe c quy i v trc xe tnh
ton tiu chun s thng qua mt ct ngang ca on ng thit k trong mt
ngy m trn ln xe chu ng ln nht vo thi k bt li nht cui thi hn
thit k, ty thuc loi tng mt d kin la chn cho kt cu o ng.
Xc nh Ntt theo biu thc:
Ntt = Ntk.f1 (trc/ln.ngy m);

(I.7.1)

Trong :
Ntk: l tng s trc xe quy i t k loi xe khc nhau v trc xe tnh ton
trong mt ngy m trn c hai chiu xe chy nm cui thi hn thit k.
f1: h s phn phi s trc xe tnh ton trn mi ln xe c xc nh nh
sau:
+ Trn phn xe chy c hai ln xe nhng khng c di phn cch ly
f1=0,55;
Mc tiu quy i y l quy i s ln thng qua ca cc loi ti trng
trc i v s ln thng qua ca ti trng trc tnh ton trn c s tng ng v tc
dng ph hoi i vi kt cu o ng. Ntk c tnh ton theo biu thc sau:
4,4

P
N tk = C1.C2 .ni . 1 ;
i =1
Ptt
k

Trong :

(I.7.2)

Ntk: tng s trc xe quy i t k loi trc xe khc nhau v trc xe

tnh ton s thng qua on ng thit k trong mt ngy m trn c hai chiu
(trc/ngy m);
ni: s ln tc dng ca loi ti trng trc i c trng lng trc pi cn
c quy i v ti trng trc tnh ton Ptt (trc tiu chun). Trong tnh ton quy
i thng ly ni bng s ln ca mi loi xe i s thng qua mt ct ngang in
hnh ca on ng thit k trong mt ngy m cho c hai chiu xe chy;
C1: l h s trc c xc nh theo biu thc:
C1 = 1+ 1,2.(m-1);

(I.7.3)

Vi m l s trc xe ca cm trc i, bao gm cc cm bnh n hoc cm bnh

i (m =1,2,3). Ch cn xt n (tc l cn quy i) cc trc c trng lng trc t
25 kN tr ln.
C2: h s xt n tc dng ca s bnh xe trong mt cm bnh: vi
cc cm ch c mt bnh th ly C2 = 6,4; vi cc cm bnh i (1 cm bnh gm
2 bnh) th ly C2=1,0; vi cm bnh c 4 bnh th ly C2 = 0,38.
Ptt: ti trng trc tnh ton tiu chun, Ptt = 100 kN.
Pi: ti trng trc th i.
Lu lng xe tnh ton nm tng lai c tnh ton theo cng thc:
N15 = Nt.(1+q)15-t N t =

N15

(1 + q )

15 t

(I.7.4)

Trong :
+ Nt: lu lng xe nm tng lai th t (xe/ngy m).
+ N15: lu lng xe nm cui thi hn thit k (xe/ngy m).
+ Nt: lu lng xe nm tng lai th t (xe/ngy m).
Theo s liu c ta c bng tnh ton lu lng xe trn c hai chiu xe chy :
Bng I.7.1: Thnh phn dng xe cc nm thit k
N10 = 780
(xe/ng.m)
Ti nng (26%)
203
Ti trung (40%)
312
Ti nh (23%)
179
Loi xe

N15=1.200
(xe/ng.m)
312
480
276

Bng I.7.2: Thnh phn dng xe nm th 10

Loi xe

Trng lng trc

Pi (kN)

Trc trc Trc sau

Ti nng
48,2
100,0
Ti trung
25,8
69,6
Ti nh
18,0
56,0

S trc
sau

S bnh ca mi
Lng xe ni
cm bnh
(xe/ngy m)
trc sau

1
1
1

Cm bnh i
Cm bnh i
Cm bnh i

203
312
179

Bng I.7.3: Thnh phn dng xe nm th 15

Loi xe

Trng lng trc

Pi(kN)

Trc trc Trc sau

Ti nng
48,2
100,0
Ti trung
25,8
69,6
Ti nh
18,0
56,0

S trc
sau

S bnh ca mi
Lng xe ni
cm bnh
(xe/ngy m)
trc sau

1
1
1

Cm bnh i
Cm bnh i
Cm bnh i

312
480
276

Bng I.7.4: Tnh ton s trc xe quy i v trc tiu chun 100 kN nm th 10
Loi xe

Ti nng
Ti trung
Ti nh

ni

P
C1.C2 .ni . 1
Ptt

Pi(kN)

C1

C2

Trc trc
Trc sau
Trc trc
Trc sau
Trc trc

48,2
100,0
25,8
69,6
18,0

1
1
1
1
1

6,4
1
6,4
1
6,4

203
203
312
312
179

52
203
5
63
0

Trc sau

56,0

179

14

4,4

S trc xe tiu chun 100 kN cho c hai chiu xe chy trong mt ngy m
nm th 10 ca thi hn thit k l: Ntk = 337 trc/ngy m.
S trc xe tnh ton tiu chun trn 1 ln xe phn xe chy l:
Ntt = Ntkxf1 = 337.0,55 = 185 trc/ln.ngy m.
S trc xe tnh ton tiu chun trn l gia c, trong trng hp gia phn xe
chy chnh v l khng c di phn cch v phn xe chy chnh c hai ln xe th ta
c th ly bng 50% s trc xe tnh ton trn phn xe c gii lin k:
Nttl = Ntkxf1 = 185.0,50 = 93 trc/ln.ngy m.
Bng I.7.5: Tnh ton s trc xe quy i v trc tiu chun 100 kN nm th
15
Loi xe

Pi
(kN)
Trc trc 48,2
Ti nng
Trc sau 100,0
Trc trc 25,8
Ti trung
Trc sau 69,6
Trc trc 18,0
Ti nh
Trc sau 56,0

P
C1.C2 .ni . 1
Ptt

C1

C2

ni

1
1
1
1
1

6,4
1
6,4
1
6,4

312
312
480
480
276

80
312
8
97
0

276

22

4,4

S trc xe tiu chun 100 kN cho c hai chiu xe chy trong mt ngy m
nm th 15 ca thi hn thit k l: Ntk = 519 trc/ngy m.
S trc xe tnh ton tiu chun trn 1 ln xe phn xe chy:
Ntt = Ntkxf1 = 519.0,55 = 285 trc/ln.ngy m.
S trc xe tnh ton tiu chun trn l gia c:
Ntt = Ntkxf1 = 285.0,50 = 143 trc/ln.ngy m.

Tnh s trc xe tiu chun tch ly trong thi hn thit k Ne:

Trng hp bit s trc d bo nm cui ca thi hn thit k Ntt
(trc/ln.ngy m) th tnh Ne theo biu thc:
(1 + q )t 1
.365.N
Ne =
tt
t 1
q (1 + q )

Trong :

(I.7.5)

+ Ntt: s trc xe d bo nm cui thi hn thit k trn mt ln xe.

+ Ne: s trc xe tiu chun tch ly cui thi hn thit k.
S trc xe tiu chun tch ly nm th 10 phn xe chy l:
(1 + 0, 09 )10 1
.365.185 = 472.354, 00 trc
Ne =
10 1
0, 09 (1 + 0, 09 )

S trc xe tiu chun tch ly nm th 15 phn xe chy l:

(1 + 0, 09 )15 1
.365.285 = 913.979, 00 trc
Ne =
15 1
0, 09 (1 + 0, 09 )

7.3. Xc nh Muyn n hi yu cu:

Tng ng vi ti trng tiu chun thit k. Tr s m un n hi yu
cu c xc nh theo bng 3-4 t i l iu [4 ] ty thuc vo s trc xe tnh ton
Ntt xc nh v ty thuc vo loi tng mt ca kt cu o ng thit k.
Tr s ti thiu ca m un n hi c xc nh ty thuc vo loi tng
mt ca kt cu o ng thit k.
Tr s Eyc thit k l tr s ln hn gia Eyc xc nh theo bng 3-4 v
Eycmin xc nh theo bng 3-5 ca ti liu [4]. Ta c bng tng hp sau:

Bng I.7.6: M un n hi yu cu
V tr
Phn
xe
chy
Phn
l gia
c

Nm
thit
k
10

Ntt
(Trc/ln. ngy
m)
185

Cp cao A2

133

100

133

15

285

Cp cao A1

165

130

165

10

93

Cp cao A2

120

80

120

15

143

Cp cao A1

153

110

153

Loi tng
mt

Eycmin Eycchn
Eyc
(MPa) (MPa) (MPa)

7.4. Xc nh phn k u t:
o ng l b phn t tin nht ca ng t, thng chim t 40-60%
kinh ph xy dng i vi vng ng bng v vng i, 30-40% i vi vng ni.
Kinh ph duy tu v bo dng chim hu ht kinh ph sa cha.
Nhm s dng c hiu qu ng vn u t cng nh tn dng ht kh
nng lm vic ca vt liu, ta phi xt n vic phn k u t, ngha l nhng
nm u khi lu lng xe thp ta dng kt cu o ng cp thp, thi gian sau
khi lu lng xe tng ln th ta cn d tnh bin php tng cng chiu dy
tng kh nng phc v ca o ng ph hp vi yu cu xe chy tng dn theo
thi gian. Nh vy, ta c th tn dng c ng vn u t vo cc cng vic
khc. Khi thit k nn chn kt cu v b dy o ng mt cch hp l, kt
cu lm trc c th tn dng hon ton v sau. i vi phng n u t xy
dng phn k, ta u t xy dng lm hai ln:
- u t xy dng 10 nm u: mt ng cp cao th yu A2.
- u t xy dng 5 nm sau: u t nng cp ln mt ng cp cao ch
yu A1.
7.5. Xc nh iu kin cung cp vt liu, bn thnh phm v cu kin:
a cht khu vc xy dng ng rt tt nn c th tn dng ly t nn
o sang p nn p hoc ly t t m cch Cu B Di khong 2 km theo
hng i ln tnh Gia Lai p nu lng t o khng p.
Xi mng, st thp ly ti cc i l vt t dc theo quc l IA trn ng
vo thnh ph cch cng trnh khong 5 km.
Nha ng, b tng nha ly trm trn b tng nha c nng sut 60
T/h ca Cng Ty C Phn Xy Dng 47 (c ly 4km).
cc loi, cp phi thin nhin, cp phi dm th rt thun li, c th
ly ti m rt gn , cch cng trnh khong 2 km bng t Hyundai 15T.
Ct, sn ly ti cc bi ct thuc sng H Thanh gn y.
Cc bn thnh phm v cu kin c sn c sn xut ti x nghip phc
v cng trnh, x nghip ng ti trung tm thnh ph, cch chn cng trnh khng
xa,c th dng t vn chuyn. Nng lc sn xut ca cc x nghip ny c th
p ng y v s lng, cht lng theo yu cu t ra.

7.6. Xc nh cc iu kin thi cng:

iu kin vn chuyn cc vt liu, cu kin v bn thnh phm l rt thun
li. Cc xe vn chuyn c th i theo tuyn quc l n cu B Di tp kt.
Cc n v thi cng thuc cc cng ty ln v c uy tn trong tnh, c i
ng k thut giu kinh nghim, tng tham gia ch o thi cng nhiu cng trnh
quan trng v c quy m ln. i ng cng nhn lnh ngh tng tham gia
nhiu cng trnh tng t t cht lng cao. Ngoi ra, cc n v thi cng c y
my mc, cc trang thit b phc v thi cng gp phn nng cao nng sut, rt
ngn thi gian thi cng, m bo hon thnh cng trnh ng tin v t cht
lng.
7.7. Quan im cu to - thit k:
- Phi tun theo nguyn tc thit k tng th nn o ng, tc l trong mi
trng hp phi ch trng cc bin php nng cao cng v s n nh cng
ca khu vc tc dng to iu kin cho nn t tham gia chu lc cng vi
o ng n mc ti a, t gim c b dy o ng v h gi thnh xy
dng. ng thi cn phi s dng cc bin php khc nhau (bin php s dng vt
liu v t hp cc thnh phn vt liu, bin php thot nc cho cc lp c kh
nng b nc xm nhp) hn ch cc tc dng m v nhit n cng v
bn ca mi tng, lp trong kt cu o ng v c bit l hn ch cc hin
tng ph hoi b mt i vi lp mt trn cng do xe chy gy ra.
- Phi chn v b tr ng cc tng, lp vt liu trong kt cu o ng sao
cho ph hp vi chc nng ca mi tng, ng thi ph hp vi kh nng cung
ng vt liu, kh nng thi cng v kh nng khai thc duy tu, sa cha, bo tr sau
ny.
- Phi s dng ti a cc vt liu v ph thi cng nghip ti ch (s dng
ti ch hoc c gia c chng bng cht kt dnh hu c). Ngoi ra, phi ch trng
vn dng cc kinh nghim v xy dng v khai thc o ng trong iu kin c
th ca a phng ng i qua.
- Cn xut t 2 n 3 phng n cu to kt cu o ng. Khi xut
cc phng n thit k cn phi ch trng n yu cu bo v mi trng, yu cu
m bo an ton giao thng cho ngi thi cng.

7.7.1. i vi tng mt:

- Tng mt ca kt cu o ng l b phn phi chu tc dng trc tip ph hoi
ca xe c (c bit l di tc dng ph hoi b mt) v ca cc yu t bt li v
thi tit, kh hu.
- Yu cu thit k cu to tng mt l vt liu v b dy cc lp trong tng
mt phi m bo chu ng c cc tc dng ph hoi trc tip ng thi phi
m bo cc yu cu v khai thc ng nh bng phng, nhm.
- Chn loi tng mt: khi thit k cu to kt cu o ng, trc ht phi
cn c vo cp hng ng, thi hn thit k v tham kho lu lng xe tch ly
trn mt ln xe trong sut thi hn thit k.
- B tr cc lp trong tng mt cp cao A1: y l cc lp ch yu cng vi
tng mng v khu vc tc dng ca nn ng to ra cng chung ca kt cu
nn o ng. Trong trng hp cp cao A1, cc lp ny u phi bng hn hp
vt liu ht c s dng nha ng v lp trn cng phi bng b tng nha cht
trng nng. Cc lp pha di c th lm bng b tng nha loi II, b tng nha
rng, dm en, b tng nha ngui v c thm nhp nha.
- B tr tng mt cp cao A2: loi tng mt ny phi c lp hao mn, to
nhm, to phng trn v di gm mt lp vt liu nh: b tng nha cht loi
II, dm en v hn hp nha ngui trn c lng nha, thm nhp nhavi b
dy lp mt ny phi ln hn b dy ti thiu nh bng 2-4 ti liu [4] v thng
nm trong khong di y:
+ Lp mt bng b tng nha rng, dm en, b tng nha
ngui thng b tr b dy 4,0-8,0 cm.
+ Lp thm nhp nha phi tun theo 22 TCN 270:2001.
+ Lp mt bng cc vt liu ht khng gia c hoc c gia c
cht lin kt v c thng dy 15,0-18,0 cm.
7.7.2 i vi tng mng:
Chc nng ca tng mng l truyn p lc ca bnh xe tc dng ln trn
mt ng xung nn t sao cho tr s p lc truyn xung t nh nn t
chu ng c c v ng sut v bin dng. ng thi tng mng phi cng
gim ng sut ko un ti y tng mt cp cao bng b tng nha trn n.
Do , chng ta cn ch cc quan im sau:

- Nn gm nhiu lp, lp trn bng vt liu c cng v kh nng chng

bin dng ph hp vi trng thi phn b ng sut v h gi thnh xy dng.
T s m un n hi ca lp trn so vi lp di lin n nn di 3 ln v t s
m un n hi ca lp mng di so vi nn t nn trong phm vi 2,5-10 ln.
S lp cng khng nn qu nhiu trnh phc tp khi thi cng.
- C ht ln nht ca vt liu lp mng di nn nh hn so vi lp mng
trn.
Chn loi tng mng: cn da vo cc nguyn tc nu trn chn tng
mng. Chn lp mng di ty thuc loi tng mt nh theo bng 2-3 ca ti liu
[4].
7.8. xut cc phng n kt cu cu to o ng:
Mt ng thit k c phn xe chy phn cch vi l gia c bng di dn
hng rng 20 cm, tc l trong mt s trng hp xe c gii vn c th ln ra l.
ng thi l gia c thit k ch rng c 0,5 m. T nhng iu kin khch quan
trn, ta chn gii php thit k o l gia c c kt cu ging nh phn xe chy th
cng khng tn km lm trong iu kin kinh t hin c v cng m bo an ton
cho kt cu l khng b h hng khi chu ti trng ca xe c gii.
7.8.1. Cc phng n u t mt ln:
7.8.1.1. Phng n 1a:

0 - t nn ng K98

1 - Cp phi dm loi II Dmax = 37,5 mm dy 26 cm (22 TCN 334 - 06)

2 - Cp phi dm loi I Dmax = 25 mm dy 15 cm (22 TCN 334 - 06)
3 - BTN cht ht trung loi II Dmax = 20 mm dy 8 cm (22 TCN 249-98)
8 6.0

4
3

15.0

26.0

4 - BTN cht ht mn loi I Dmax = 15 mm dy 6 cm (22 TCN 249 - 98)

Hnh I.7.1: Cu to o ng phng n 1

7.8.1.1. Phng n 1b:

0 - t nn ng K98
1 - Cp phi thin nhin loi A dy 30 cm (22 TCN 304 - 03)
2 - Cp phi dm loi I Dmax = 25 mm dy 20 cm (22 TCN 334 - 06)
3 - B tng nha cht ht trung loi II Dmax = 20 mm dy 7 cm (22 TCN 249 98)
4 - B tng nha cht ht mn loi I Dmax = 15 mm dy 5 cm (22 TCN 249 - 98)

7.0 5.0

30.0

4
3

20.0

Hnh I.7.2: Cu to o ng phng n 2

7.8.1.3. Phng n 1c:
0 t nn ng K98
1 Cp phi thin nhin loi B dy 30 cm (22 TCN 304 - 03)
2 Cp phi dm Dmax 25 mm gia c xi mng 5% dy 20 cm
3 B tng nha cht ht trung loi II Dmax = 20 mm dy 7 cm (22 TCN 249 98)
7.0 5.0

30.0

4
3

16.0

4 B tng nha cht ht mn loi I Dmax = 15 mm dy 5 cm (22 TCN 249 - 98)

Hnh I.7.3: Cu to o ng phng n 3

7.8.2. Cc phng n u t xy dng phn k:

7.8.1.1 Kt cu 10 nm u:
8

15.0

26.0

a. Phng n 2a:

Hnh I.7.4: Cu to o ng phng n 2a

0 t nn ng K98
1 Cp phi dm loi II Dmax = 37,5 mm dy 26 cm (22 TCN 334 - 06)
2 Cp phi dm loi I Dmax = 25 mm dy 15 cm (22 TCN 334 - 06)
3 B tng nha cht ht trung loi II Dmax = 20 mm dy 8 cm (22 TCN 249 98)
b. Phng n 2b:
0 t nn ng K98
1 Cp phi thin nhin loi A dy 30 cm (22 TCN 304 - 03)
2 Cp phi dm loi I Dmax = 25 mm dy 20 cm (22 TCN 334 - 06)
3 B tng nha cht ht trung loi II Dmax = 20 mm dy 7 cm (22 TCN 249 7.0

30.0

20.0

98)

Hnh I.7.5: Cu to o ng phng n 2b

c. Phng n 2c:
0 t nn ng K98
1 Cp phi thin nhin loi B dy 30 cm (22 TCN 304 - 03)
2 Cp phi dm Dmax 25 mm gia c xi mng 5% dy 20 cm
3 B tng nha cht ht trung loi II Dmax = 20 mm dy 7 cm (22 TCN 249 7.0

30.0

16.0

98)

Hnh I.7.6: Cu to o ng phng n 2c

7.8.2.2. Kt cu 5 nm sau:
a. Phng n 2a:
C phn xe chy v l gia c u tng cng lp b tng nha cht ht mn

loi I Dmax = 15 mm dy 6 cm.

Hnh I.7.7: Tng cng 6 cm BTNC loi I Dmax15
b. Phng n 2b:
C phn xe chy v l gia c u tng cng lp b tng nha cht ht mn

loi I Dmax = 15 mm dy 5 cm.

Hnh I.7.8: Tng cng 5 cm BTNC loi I Dmax15

c. Phng n 2c:
C phn xe chy v l gia c u tng cng mt ng c cng lp b

tng nha cht ht mn loi I Dmax = 15 mm.

Hnh I.7.9: Tng cng 5 cm BTNC loi I Dmax15

7.9. Phn tch so snh cc phng n kt cu o ng xut theo cu
to:
7.9.1. Phng n u t mt ln:
a. Phng n 1:
Phng n ny c u im r nht l cp phi dm khng phi tn cng
vn chuyn nhiu v c trm bn cp phi dm rt gn . V mt s dng cc
tng lp cng rt hp l. Cng ngh thi cng hai lp mng trn v di l ging
nhau nn thun tin hn.
b. Phng n 2:
Phng n ny s dng kh hp l cc loi vt liu theo tng tng lp, tuy
nhin lp mng kt cu o ng c chiu dy kh ln do s dng cp phi tiu
chun. V trong iu kin thi cng hin c th cp phi tiu chun loi A cn phi
ly trm trn rt xa cng trnh, chi ph phc v cng tc vn chuyn l rt ln.
c. Phng n 3:
Phng n ny t kh thi hn phng n 1 v 2 do s dng lp cp phi
dm gia c xi mng nn chi ph l cao hn ng thi cng ngh thi cng lp mng
phc tp, yu cu tp trung my mc thi cng m bo thi gian cho php
khi thi cng lp cp phi dm gia c xi mng trc thi gian ninh kt ca xi
mng. V khi s dng lp mng na cng th cc lp b tng nha trn cng
phi tun theo mt s qui nh v chiu dy s khng kinh t.
7.9.2. Phng n u t phn k:
Cc phng n phn k s cc cc lp ging nh phng n mt ln
phn k u t. Cho nn n cng c cc u nhc im nh trn.
T nhng u nhc im nh trn, ta chn phng n 1a ca phng n
u t mt ln v 2a ca phng n u t phn k tin hnh kim tra cc iu
kin.
7.10. Xc nh cc thng s tnh ton ca nn ng v cc lp mt ng:
7.10.1. Xc nh cc thng s tnh ton ca nn ng:
i vi trng hp nn p hoc nn o c p dng cc gii php ch
ng ci thin iu kin nn t trong phm vi khu vc tc dng (nh thay t,
m nn li...) th c th xc nh tr s m tng i tnh ton theo loi hnh

gy m (hay loi hnh chu tc ng ca cc ngun m) i vi kt cu nn o

ng. t nn ng trong trng hp thi cng c cc c im sau:
- Khong cch t mc nc ngm hoc mc nc ng thng xuyn
pha di n y khu vc tc dng khng nh hng n nn ng, nhng
on p thp cng khng chu nh hng. Tuy nhin, vo ma ma th nc
ng hai bn ng trong thi gian rt lu (trn ba thng), cho nn nn ng chu
tc dng ca ngun m ny.
- Kt cu o ng lm bng b tng nha cht thuc loi vt liu kn
nc, tng mng lm bng cp phi dm khng lm bng cc vt liu gia c
cht lin kt
- Nn t trong khu vc tc dng c m nn t yu cu K98.
V vy, xt v mt chu tc dng ca cc ngun m, t nn ng thuc
loi II.
(theo cch phn loi Ph lc B ca ti liu [4]). Da theo bng B-1 ca ti liu
[4], tng ng loi t st ln si sn nhng vi hm lng t hn, ma ma chu
m kh nhiu v cht K = 0,98 th m tng i tnh ton ca t nn ta ly
l 0,7. Theo bng B-3 ca ti liu [4], cc c trng tnh ton ca t nn ta ly
nh sau:
E = 50 MPa; = 18 ; c = 0,023 MPa
7.10.2. Xc nh cc thng s tnh ton ca mt ng:
Bng I.7.7: Cc thng s tnh ton ca vt liu mt ng
Cn
g
Tnh chu
ko
ko
un
un
(Mpa)
180
2,8
0
180
2,4
0

M un n hi E (Mpa)
ST
T

1
2
3
4

Loi vt liu

B tng nha cht ht mn

Dmax =15mm loi I ( dm 50%)
B tng nha cht trung
Dmax = 20 mm loi II ( dm 50%)
Cp phi dm loi II Dmax =37,5
mm
Cp phi dm loi I Dmax = 25 mm

Tnh
ln

Tnh
trt

420

300

420

300

250

250

250

300

300

300

7.11. Kim tra kt cu o ng theo tiu chun ln n hi:

iu kin tnh ton: Theo tiu chun ny kt cu c xem l cng
khi tr s m un n hi chung ca c kt cu nn o ng (hoc ca kt cu o
l c gia c) Ech ln hn hoc bng tr s m un n hi yu cu Eyc nhn
thm vi mt h s d tr cng v vng Kcddv c xc nh tu theo
tin cy mong mun
Ech Kcddv.Eyc
H s cng v vng

(I.7.6)
Kcddv

c chn tu thuc vo tin cy thit

k nh Bng 3-2 ca ti liu [4].

xc nh c Ech th trc tin ta phi qui i h nhiu lp v h hai lp:
Trnh t quy i h nhiu lp v h hai lp nh sau :
+ Vic quy i h nhiu lp v h hai lp c tin hnh t di ln trn,
c hai lp vt liu k nhau ghp li v quy i v mt lp c chiu dy H = h1 + h2
v c tr s mun n hi trung bnh Etb12. Sau li xem lp H (vi Etb12) l lp
di v tip tc quy i lp ny vi lp k trn n to thnh lp c hiu dy
(H+h3) v Etb123 .

Etb12

h1

H=h1+h2

h2

+ Xc nh Etb quy i t 2 lp v 1 lp theo cng thc:

Hnh I.7.10: S tnh ton i hai lp thnh mt lp

Etb12

1 + k .t 1 / 3
= E1.

1+ k

(I.7.7)

Trong :
h2
hh
E
+t= 2
E1

+k=

+ h1,h2 :chiu dy lp di v lp trn ca o ng.

+ E1,E2: M un n hi ca vt liu lp di v lp trn.
Sau khi quy i nhiu lp o ng v mt lp th cn nhn thm vi

Etb mt h s iu chnh xc nh theo bng 3-6 ca ti liu [4] ty thuc vo t

s H/D c tr s Et bdc:
Etbdc = .Etb

(I.7.8)

Nu H/D > 2 th tnh theo cng thc:

= 1,114.(H/D)0,12
Tr s

Etbdc sau

(I.7.9)

khi tnh c s dng tnh ton tip tr s Ech ca c kt

cu theo ton hnh 3-1 ca ti liu [4]:

H
D
T
E
dc0
Etb

tra ton Kgan

Ech.m
Ech.m
Etbdc

+ H = hi: Chiu dy ca ton b o ng.

+ D: ng knh vt bnh xe tnh ton; D = 33 cm.
7.11.1. Phng n u t xy dng mt ln:
Bng I.7.8: Kt qu tnh i 2 lp mt t di ln tm Etb
Lp kt cu
Cp phi dm loi II Dmax37,5
Cp phi dm loi I Dmax25
B tng nha cht ht trung
loi II Dmax20( dm 50%)
B tng nha cht ht mn
loi I Dmax15 ( dm 50%)

k=
h2/h1

1,2

hi
(cm)
26
15

420

1,57

420

1,45

Ei
(MPa)
250
300

t=
E2/E1

0,58

Htb
(cm)
26
41

E'tb
(MPa)
250
267,65

0,2

49

289,96

0,12

55

302,42

Ta cn tnh ton tt c cc Echm phc v cho cng tc kim tra cng

sau ny khi thi cng xong mi tng lp trong kt cu o ng. Khi , cc gi tr
Echm ch nhn vi h s mt ln sau khi tnh c E'tb n lp kt cu va thi
cng xong (ch khng nhn vi khi thi cng xong lp mng di)

Bng I.7.9: Kt qu tnh ton Echm ca cc lp kt cu o ng

Lp kt cu
CPD loi II Dmax37,5
CPD loi I Dmax25
BTNC ht trung loi II
Dmax20 ( dm 50%)
BTNC ht mn loi I
Dmax15 ( dm 50%)

E0
Etbdc

Echm
Etbdc

1,135

Etbdc
(MPa)
250
303,78

0,20
0,16

0,42
0,51

Echm
(MPa)
118,76
154,92

1,48

1,175

340,70

0,15

0,50

170,35

1,67

1,192

360,48

0,14

0,51

183,84

E'tb
(MPa)
250
267,65

0,79
1,24

289,96
302,42

H/D

Nghim li theo iu kin trn, phi c:

Ech Kcddv.Eyc
ng cp IV, 2 ln xe nn theo bng 3-3 ca ti liu [4], chn tin cy
thit k l 0,90. Do vy, theo bng 3-2 ca ti liu [4] ta xc nh c Kcddv = 1,1
Vy Kcddv.Eyc = 1,1.165 = 181,50 MPa < Ech.m = 183,84 MPa.
Cho thy vi cu to kt cu d kin m bo t yu cu cng theo
tiu chun vng n hi cho php.
7.11.2. Phng n u t xy dng phn k:
a. Trong 10 nm u:
Bng I.7.10: Kt qu tnh i 2 lp mt t di ln tm Etb
hi
Ei
t=
k=
E'tb
Lp kt cu
Htb (cm)
(MPa) E2/E1 (cm) h2/h1
(MPa)
Cp phi dm loi II Dmax37,5
250
26
26
250
Cp phi dm loi I Dmax 25
420
1,2
15 0,58
41 267,65
B tng nha cht ht trung
420
1,57
8
0,2
49 289,96
loi II Dmax20 ( dm 50%)
Tng t nh trn, ta c bng tnh sau:
Bng I.7.11: Kt qu tnh ton Echm ca cc lp kt cu o ng
E0
Echm
Echm
E'tb
Etbdc
Lp kt cu
H/D

dc
dc
E
E
tb
tb
(MPa)
(MPa)
(MPa)
250 0,79
CPD loi II Dmax37,5
250 0,20 0,42 118,76
267,65 1,24 1,135 303,78 0,16 0,51 154,92
CPD loi I Dmax25
BTNC ht trung loi II
289,96 1,48 1,175 340,70 0,15 0,50 170,35
Dmax20 ( dm 50%)
Nghim li theo iu kin trn, phi c:

Ech Kcddv.Eyc
ng cp IV, 2 ln xe nn theo bng 3-3 ca ti liu [4]. S lp tnh ton
l t hn phng n mt ln nn ta c th chn tin cy thit k l 0,95. Do vy,
theo bng 3-2 ca ti liu [4] ta xc nh c Kcddv = 1,17
Vy Kcddv.Eyc = 1,17.133 = 156 MPa < Ech.m = 170,75 MPa.
Cho thy vi cu to kt cu d kin m bo t yu cu cng theo
tiu chun vng n hi cho php.
b. Trong 5 nm sau:
Etbdc = EBTN = 420 Mpa.
Khi phn k u t, sau 10 nm khai thc th cng lp b mt ng
c c th ly bng 90% cng ban u, trong trng hp ny ta c:
6
H
D = 33 = 0,18
T
E0 = 0,9.170,35= 153,32 MPa.
Edc0 = 153,32 = 0,37
420
Etb
E
Tra ton hnh 3-1 ca ti liu [4], ta c chdc.m = 0, 44
Etb

Ech.m = 0,44.420 = 184,80 MPa.

Nghim li theo iu kin trn, phi c:
Ech Kcddv.Eyc
ng cp IV, 2 ln xe nn theo bng 3-3 ca ti liu [4], chn tin cy
thit k l 0,90. Do vy, theo bng 3-2 ca ti liu [4] ta xc nh c Kcddv = 1,1
Vy Kcddv.Eyc = 1,1.165 = 181,50 MPa < Ech.m = 184,80 MPa.
Cho thy vi cu to kt cu d kin m bo t yu cu cng theo
tiu chun vng n hi cho php.
7.12. Kim tra kt cu o ng theo iu kin cn bng gii hn trt trong
cc lp vt liu ri rc v trong cc lp b tng nha:
iu kin tnh ton :
Kt cu nn o ng c tng mt l loi A1, A2 v B1 c xem l
cng khi tho mn biu thc:
Tax + Tav

Ctt
K cdtr

(I.7.10)

Trong :
Tax: ng sut ct hot ng ln nht do ti trng bnh xe tnh ton gy ra
trong nn t hoc trong lp vt liu km dnh (MPa);
Tav: ng sut ct hot ng do trng lng bn thn cc lp vt liu nm
trn n gy ra cng ti im ang xt (MPa);
Ktrcd: l h s cng v chu ct trt c chn tu thuc tin cy
thit k nh Bng 3-7 ca ti liu [4].
Ctt: Lc dnh tnh ton ca t nn hoc vt liu km dnh (MPa) trng
thi m, cht tnh ton; tr s Ctt c tnh nh biu thc sau:
Ctt = C.K1.K2.K3 ;

(I.7.11)

Trong :
C: lc dnh ca t nn hoc vt liu km dnh xc nh t kt qu th
nghim ct nhanh vi cc mu tng ng vi cht, m tnh ton (MPa); vi
t nn phi tiu biu cho sc chng ct trt ca c phm vi khu vc tc dng
ca nn ng;
K1: h s xt n s suy gim sc chng ct trt khi t hoc vt liu km
dnh chu ti trng ng v gy dao ng. Vi kt cu nn o ng phn xe chy
th ly K1=0,6; vi kt cu o l gia c th ly K1 = 0,9 tnh ton;
K2: h s xt n cc yu t to ra s lm vic khng ng nht ca kt cu;
cc yu t ny gy nh hng nhiu khi lu lng xe chy cng ln, do vy K2
c xc nh tu thuc s trc xe quy i m kt cu phi chu ng trong 1 ngy
m nh Bng 3-8 ca ti liu [4];
K3: h s xt n s gia tng sc chng ct trt ca t hoc vt liu km
dnh trong iu kin chng lm vic trong kt cu khc vi trong mu th (t
hoc vt liu c chn gi t cc pha ); ngoi ra h s ny cn xt n s
khc bit v iu kin tip xc thc t gia cc lp kt cu o ng vi nn t
so vi iu kin xem nh chng dnh kt cht (to ra s lm vic ng thi). C
th tr s K3 c xc nh tu thuc loi t trong khu vc tc dng ca nn
ng nh di y:
- i vi cc loi t dnh (st, st, ct )

K3 = 1,5;

- i vi cc loi t ct nh

K3 = 3,0;

- i vi cc loi t ct trung

K3 = 6,0;

- i vi cc loi t ct th

K3 = 7,0.

7.12.1. Phng n u t xy dng mt ln:

a. Tnh Etb ca c bn lp kt cu:
Bng I.7.12: Kt qu tnh ton Etb ca cc lp kt cu
Ei
t=
hi
k=
Lp kt cu
Htb (cm)
(MPa) E2/E1 (cm) h2/h1
Cp phi dm loi II Dmax 37,5
250
26
26
Cp phi dm loi I Dmax25
300
1,2
15 0,58
41
B tng nha cht ht trung
300 1,12
8
0,2
49
loi II Dmax20 ( dm 50%)
B tng nha cht ht mn
300 1,10
6 0,12
55
loi I Dmax15( dm 50%)
Xt n h s iu chnh . Ta c H/D = 55/33 = 1,67.

E'tb
(MPa)
250
267,65
272,84
275,68

Tng t nh trn: = 1,192 Etbdc = 1,192.275,68 = 328,61 MPa.

b. Xc nh ng sut ct hot ng do ti trng bnh xe tiu chun tnh ton
gy ra trong nn t:
H 55
D = 33 = 1, 67

dc
E1 = Etb = 328, 61 = 6,57
E2
E0
50

theo biu hnh 3-3 ca ti

liu [4], vi gc ni ma st ca t nn = 180 ta tra c

Tax
= 0, 018
p

Tax = 0,018.0,6 = 0,0108 MPa.

c. Xc nh ng sut ct hot ng do trng lng bn thn cc lp kt cu
o ng gy ra trong nn t:
Tra ton hnh 3-4 ca ti liu [4] ta c Tav = -0,0006 MPa.
d. Xc nh tr s Ctt:
Theo bng trn, C = 0,023 MPa
Xt phn xe chy => k1 = 0,6
S trc xe tnh ton 285 trc/ln.ngy m => k2 = 0,8
t nn l t st ln si sn => k3 = 1,5
Ctt = 0,023.0,6.0,8.1,5 = 0,0166

e. Kim ton:
tin cy ly bng 0,9 do vy theo bng 3-7 ca ti liu [4] ta c Kcdtr =
0,94 v vi cc tr s tnh c trn ta c:
Tax + Tav = 0,0108 0,0006 = 0,0102 MPa
Ctt 0, 0166
=
= 0, 018 MPa
tr
K cd
0,94

Theo trn ta thy 0,0102 MPa < 0,018 MPa nn iu kin kim tra c
tha mn.
Cc lp cp phi dm thuc loi vt liu ri. Tuy nhin kh nng chng
ct ca n ln nn khng cn kim tra.
7.12.2. Phng n u t xy dng phn k: ta kim tra kh nng chng ct,
trt ca t nn trong thi k 10 nm u
a. Tnh Etb ca c ba lp kt cu:
Bng I.7.13: Kt qu tnh ton Etb ca cc lp kt cu
Ei
t=
hi
k=
E'tb
Lp kt cu
Htb (cm)
(MPa) E2/E1 (cm) h2/h1
(MPa)
Cp phi dm loi II Dmax37,5 250
26
26
250
Cp phi dm loi I Dmax 25
300
1,2
15 0,58
41
267,65
B tng nha cht ht trung
300
1,12
8
0,2
49
272,84
loi II Dmax20 ( dm 50%)
Xt n h s iu chnh . Ta c H/D = 49/33 = 1,48.
Tng t nh trn: = 1,175 Etbdc = 1,175.272,84 = 320,59 MPa.

b. Xc nh ng sut ct hot ng do ti trng bnh xe tiu chun tnh ton

gy ra trong nn t:
H 49
D = 33 = 1, 48

dc
E1 = Etb = 320,59 = 6, 41
E2
E0
50

theo biu hnh 3-3 ca ti liu [4],

vi gc ni ma st ca t nn = 180 ta tra c

Tax
= 0, 022
p

Tax = 0,022.0,6 = 0,0132 MPa

c. Xc nh ng sut ct hot ng do trng lng bn thn cc lp kt cu

o ng gy ra trong nn t:
Tra ton hnh 3-4 ca ti liu [4] ta c Tav = -0,0004 MPa.
d. Xc nh tr s Ctt:
Theo bng trn, C = 0,023 Mpa
Xt phn xe chy => k1 = 0,6
S trc xe tnh ton 185 trc/ln.ngy m => k2 = 0,8
t nn l t st ln si sn => k3 = 1,5
Ctt = 0,023.0,6.0,8.1,5 = 0,0166
e. Kim ton:
tin cy ly bng 0,9 do vy theo bng 3-7 ca ti liu [4] ta c Kcdtr =
0,94 v vi cc tr s tnh c trn ta c:
Tax + Tav = 0,0132 0,0004 = 0,0128 MPa
Ctt 0, 0166
=
= 0, 0177 MPa
tr
K cd
0,94

Theo trn ta thy 0,0128 MPa < 0,0177 MPa nn iu kin kim tra c
tha mn.
Tng t nh trn, ta khng cn kim tra lp cp phi dm.
7.13. Kim tra iu kin chu ko khi un trong cc lp o ng ton khi:
iu kin kim tra:
ku

Rttku
;
K cdku

(I.7.12)

Trong :
ku: ng sut chu ko un ln nht pht sinh y lp vt liu lin khi
di tc dng ca ti trng bnh xe;
Rttku: cng chu ko un tnh ton ca vt liu lin khi;
Kcdku: h s cng v chu ko un c chn ty thuc tin cy thit
k ging nh vi tr s Kcdtr bng 3-7. Vic chn tin cy thit k cng theo
ch dn bng 3-3.

Xc nh ku: ng sut ko un ln nht pht sinh y lp vt liu lin

khi ku c xc nh theo biu thc sau:

ku = ku . p.k p

Trong :

(I.7.13)

p: p lc bnh ca ti trng tnh ton

kp: h s xt n c im phn b ng sut trong kt cu o ng di
tc dng ca ti trng tnh ton l bnh i hoc bnh n; khi kim tra vi cm
bnh i (l trng hp tnh vi ti trng trc tiu chun) th ly kb = 0,85, cn
khi kim tra vi cm bnh n ca ti trng trc c bit nng nht (nu c) th
ly kb = 1,0.
ku : ng sut ko un n v; tr s ny c xc nh theo ton hnh 3-5

ca ti liu [4] y lp lin khi trong tng mt ty thuc vo t s h1/D v

E1/Echm. Trong :
+ h1: l tng b dy cc lp kt cu k t y lp c kim tra ko un
tr ln n b mt o ng.
+ E1: l m un n hi trung bnh ca cc lp nm trong phm vi h1; E1
c th c tnh theo biu thc trn hoc tnh vi nguyn tc bnh qun gia quyn
E1 =

Ei .hi
;
h1

(I.7.14)

+hi l tr s m un n hi v b dy cc lp i trong phm vi h1

+ D l ng knh vt bnh xe tnh ton
+ Echm: l m un n hi chung ca nn t v cc lp nm pha di
y lp vt liu lin khi c kim tra. Tr s Echm c xc nh theo cch quy
i nn t v cc lp nm pha di lp ang xt nu trn v h hai lp t di
ln.

Xc nh Rkutt: Cng chu ko un tnh ton ca vt liu lin khi

c xc nh theo biu thc:

Rttku = k1.k2.Rku ;

(I.7.15)

Trong :
+ Rku: cng chu ko un gii hn nhit tnh ton
+ k2: h s xt n s suy gim cng theo thi gian so vi cc tc
nhn v kh hu thi tit. Vi cc vt liu gia c cht lin kt v c ly k2 = 1,0;
cn vi b tng nha loi II, b tng nha rng v cc loi hn hp vt liu ht
trn nha ly k2 = 0,8; vi b tng nha cht loi I v b tng nha cht dng
nha polime ly k2 = 1,0.
+ k1: h s xt n s suy gim cng do vt liu b mi di tc dng

ca ti trng trng phc; k1 c ly theo biu thc di y:

Vi vt liu b tng nha:
k1 =

11,11
;
N e0,22

(I.7.16)

Ne: l s trc xe tnh ton tch lu trong sut thi hn thit k thng qua
trn mt ln xe.
7.13.1. Phng n u t mt ln:
a.

Tnh ng sut ko un ln nht di y lp b tng nha:

Bng I.7.14: Kt qu tnh ton Etb ca cc lp kt cu

hi
Htb
Ei
t=
k=
Lp kt cu
(MPa) E2/E1 (cm) h2/h1 (cm)
Cp phi dm loi II Dmax 37,5 250
26
26
Cp phi dm loi I Dmax 25
300
1,2
15 0,58 41
B tng nha cht ht trung
1800
6,73
8
0,2
49
loi II Dmax 20 ( dm 50%)
B tng nha cht ht mn
1800
4,45
6
0,12 55
loi I Dmax 15( dm 50%)

i vi lp b tng nha di:

E'tb
(MPa)
250
267,65
404,94
494,80

h1 = 14 cm;
E1 =

1800.8 + 1800.6
= 1800MPa ;
8+6

Tr s Etb ca hai lp t nn t tr ln l Etb = 267,65 MPa. Hai lp ny

c chiu dy 41 cm. Khi xt n ta c:

H 41
=
= 1, 24 = 1,135
D 33

Etbdc = 1,135.267,65 = 303,78 Mpa.

H 41
D = 33 = 1, 24
tra ton hnh 3-1 ti liu
Ta c
E0 = Edc0 = 50 = 0,17
E1 Etb 303, 78

[4]

Ech.m
= 0,51
Etbdc

Ech.m = 0,51.303,78 = 154,92 MPa.

Tm ku y lp b tng nha lp di bng cch tra ton hnh 3-5

ca ti liu [4]:
h1 14
D = 33 = 0, 42
ku = 1,75
E
1 = 1800 = 11, 62
Ech.m 154,92

ku = 1,75.0,6.0,85 = 0,893 MPa

i vi lp b tng nha trn: h1 = 6 cm, E1 = 1800 MPa

Tr s Etb ca ba lp di c xc nh nh bng trn Etb = 404,94

MPa
Khi xt n ta c:

H 49
=
= 1, 48 = 1,175
D 33

Etbdc = 1,175.404,94 = 475,80 MPa

H 49
D = 33 = 1, 48
E
chdc.m = 0, 44
Ta c
Etb
E0 = Edc0 = 50 = 0,105
E1 Etb 475,80

Ech.m = 0,44.475,12 = 209,05 MPa.

Tm ku y lp b tng nha lp trn bng cch tra ton hnh 3-5 ca
ti liu [4]:
h1 6
D = 33 = 0,18
ku = 2,10
E
1800
1

=
= 8, 61
Ech.m 209, 05

ku = 2,10.0,6.0,85 = 1,071 MPa

b.

Kim ton tiu chun chu ko un y cc lp b tng nha:

Xc nh cng chu ko un tnh ton ca lp b tng nha lp di l:

k1 =

11,11
11,11
=
= 0,54
0,22
Ne
913.9790,22

Cng ko un tn ton ca lp b tng nha (loi II) di l:

Rku = k1.k2.Rku = 0,54.0,8.2,4 = 1,037 MPa

Cng ko un tn ton ca lp b tng nha (loi I) trn l:

Rku = k1.k2.Rku = 0,54.1,0.2,8 = 1,512 MPa

Kim ton iu kin theo cng thc (I.7.12) vi Kdcku = 0,94 ly theo bng
3-7 ti liu [4] cho trng hp ng cp IV ng vi tin cy 0,90
-

Vi lp b tng nha di:

ku = 0,893MPa <

1, 037
= 1,103MPa
0,94

Vi lp b tng nha trn:

ku = 1, 071MPa <

1,512
= 1, 609MPa
0,94

Vy, kt cu d kin m bo yu cu chu ko un.

7.13.2. Phng n u t xy dng phn k:
a.

Tnh ng sut ko un ln nht di y lp b tng nha:

Bng I.7.15: Kt qu tnh ton Etb ca cc lp kt cu

hi
k=
Ei
E'tb
Lp kt cu
Htb (cm)
t=E2/E1
(MPa)
(cm) h2/h1
(MPa)
10 nm u
Cp phi dm loi II Dmax 37,5
250
26
26
250
Cp phi dm loi I Dmax 25
300
1,2
15 0,58
41 267,65
B tng nha cht ht trung
1800
6,73
8
0,2
49 404,94
loi II Dmax 20 ( dm 50%)
Trong 10 nm u:
h1 = 8 cm;
E1 = 1800MPa ;

Tr s Etb ca hai lp t nn t tr ln l Etb = 267,65 MPa. Hai lp ny

c chiu dy 41 cm. Khi xt n ta c:

H 41
=
= 1, 24 = 1,135
D 33

Etbdc = 1,135.267,65 = 303,78 MPa.

H 41
D = 33 = 1, 24
E
Ta c
chdc.m = 0,51
Etb
E0 = Edc0 = 50 = 0,16
E1 Etb 303, 78

Ech.m = 0,51.303,78 = 154,92 MPa.

Tm ku y lp b tng nha lp di bng cch tra ton hnh 3-5
ca ti liu [4]:

 h1 8
D = 33 = 0, 24
ku = 2,28
E
1 = 1800 = 11, 61
Ech.m 154,92

ku = 2,28.0,6.0,85 = 1,16 MPa

Trong 5 nm sau: h1 = 6 cm, E1 = 1800 MPa
Tr s Etb ca ba lp di c xc nh nh bng trn Etb = 90%Ec =
153,32 MPa
Tm ku y lp b tng nha lp trn bng cch tra ton hnh 3-5 ca
ti liu [4]:
h1 6
D = 33 = 0,18
ku = 2,45
E
1 = 1800 = 11, 74
Ech.m 153,32

ku = 2,45.0,6.0,85 = 1,25 MPa.

b.
-

Kim ton tiu chun chu ko un y cc lp b tng nha:

Xc nh cng chu ko un tnh ton ca lp b tng nha lp di trong 10

nm u l:
k1 =

11,11
11,11
=
= 0, 63
0,22
Ne
472.3540,22

Cng ko un tnh ton ca lp b tng nha 10 nm u l:

Rku = k1.k2.Rku = 0,63.0,8.2,4 = 1,21 MPa

Cng ko un tnh ton ca lp b tng nha trn 5 nm sau l:

Rku = k1.k2.Rku = 0,54.1,0.2,8 = 1,51 MPa
Kim ton iu kin theo cng thc (I.7.12) vi Kdcku = 0,94 ly theo bng
3-7 ti liu [4] cho trng hp ng cp IV ng vi tin cy 0,90

Vi lp b tng nha di:

ku = 1,16 MPa <

1, 21
= 1, 29MPa
0,94

Vi lp b tng nha trn:

ku = 1, 25MPa <

1,51
= 1, 61MPa
0,94

Vy, kt cu d kin m bo yu cu chu ko un.

Kt lun: cc kt qu tnh ton theo trnh t tnh ton nh trn cho thy
cc kt cu d kin bo m c tt c cc iu kin cng . Do , n c th
lm kt cu thit k sau ny.
7.14. Tnh ton gi thnh:
Gi thnh c tnh ton cho mt 100 m2 mt ng trn 1 km di. n gi
tnh ton ly theo n gi xy dng cng trnh Tnh Bnh nh.
Tnh ton gi thnh cho c hai phng n u t xy dng mt ln v phn
k c tnh ton nh bng 3.1 v bng 3.2 ph lc 3.
7.15. Lun chng so snh chn phng n kt cu o ng :
7.15.1. Xc nh tng ch ph xy dng v khai thc tnh i v nm gc:
7.15.1.1. Cng thc tnh ton:
Ts

Pt=Kt+
t =1

Ct
(1 + Etd )t 1

(I.7.17)

Trong :
+ Kt: tng chi ph xy dng tnh i v nm gc cho (ng) (nm gc
y l u nm u tin a ng vo khai thc).
+ Ct: chi ph thng xuyn gm chi ph sa cha thng xuyn, chi ph vn
chuyn nm th t (ng/nm) (tnh t u nm u tin).
+ Ts: thi gian khai thc tnh ton k t nm gc (tnh t u nm u tin).
+ Et: H s hiu qu kinh t tnh i, Et = 0,1
a. Xc nh cc chi ph tp trung:
Chi ph tp trung:
nd
ntr
Kc
K di
K tri
+
+
Kt =Ko +
(1 + Etd ) tct i =1 (1 + Etd ) td i =1 (1 + Etd ) ttr

(I.7.18).

Trong :
+ Ko: chi ph u t xy dng ban u ng c xc nh theo d ton.
+ Kc: chi ph ci to o ng (nu c) trong khong thi gian khai thc
tnh ton (ng), Kc = 0.
+ Ktr: chi ph mt ln trung tu o ng xc nh theo % ca K0.
+ K: chi ph i tu.
* i vi phng n u t 1 ln:

+ nct = 0, n = 1, ntr = 2.
+ t = 15, ttr = 5, 10.
* i vi phng n u t phn k:
+ tct, t, ttr: l thi gian k t u nm gc n lc ci to, i tu, trung tu
(nm). (Cc gi tr tct, t, ttr l s nm ng c s dng khai thc ri mi tin
hnh ci to, trung tu, i tu cho nn trong cng thc tnh cc chi ph tp trung cc
gi tr ta khng tr cho 1).
+ nct, n, ntr: l s ln tin hnh i tu, trung tu, trong khong thi gian khai
thc tnh ton.
Ln u t th nht (10 nm u)
nct = 0, n = 1, ntr = 2.
ttr = 4, 8
Ln u t th hai (5 nm sau)
nct = 0, n = 0, ntr = 1.
ttr = 5.
b. Xc nh tng chi ph khai thc thng xuyn tnh i v nm gc:
Tng chi ph thng xuyn gm chi ph sa cha nh v chi ph vn ti
hng nm tnh i v u nm u tin a ng vo khai thc xc nh theo
cng thc :
Ts

Ts
Ts
Ct
Ctd
Ctvc
=
+

t 1
t 1
t 1
t =1 (1 + Etd )
t =1 (1 + Etd )
t =1 (1 + Etd )

(I.7.19).

Trong :
+ Et = 0,1: h s hiu qu kinh t tnh i.
+ Ts: s nm tnh ton (tnh t u nm u tin).
+ Ctd: chi ph hng nm cho vic duy tu sa cha thng xuyn nm th
t, xc nh theo bng 5-1 ca ti liu [7]
+ C tvc : chi ph vn ti hng nm: C tvc = Qt.St.L.
+ St: Chi ph vn chuyn 1tn.Km hng nm th t c xc nh
theo cng thc sau:
St =

Pbd
Pcd
+
. .Gtb . .Gtb .V

(I.7.20).

+ Pb: chi ph bin i trung bnh cho 1Km hnh trnh ca xe (ng/xe.Km),
c xc nh theo cng thc :
Pb = .e.r (ng/xe.Km)

(I.7.21)

+ : t l chi ph bin i so vi chi ph nhin liu thng ly

= 2,6 2,8; ly = 2,7.

+ e: lng tiu hao nhin liu trung bnh cho 1 Km (lt/xe), e

= 0,35 (lt/xe).
+ r: gi nhin liu (ng/lt), r = 11.000 ng/lt.
Pb = .e.r = 2,7.0,35.11000 =10.395 ng/xe
+ Pc : chi ph c nh trung bnh trong mt gi cho 1 t
(ng.xe/gi).
Ly Pcd = 45.000 ng/xe.h
+ : h s s dng hnh trnh, ly = 0,65.
+ : h s li dng ti trng =0,9 0,95; ly =0,95.
+ Gtb: trng ti trung bnh trn cc t tham gia vn chuyn (T). Do
khng c s liu iu tra thc t nn ta c th gi thit trng ti ca cc loi xe
tham gia vn chuyn nh sau: xe ti nh 5T, xe ti trung 8T, xe ti nng 13T, xe
con 2T.
Nh vy ta c:
Gtb = 0,26.13+0,40.8+0,23.5 + 0.2 = 7,73 T
+ V : tc xe chy trung bnh trn ng Km/gi, V = 0,7.Vkt
+ Vkt: tc k thut trung bnh ca t xc nh theo 22TCN 211 93 ty theo loi tng mt v a hnh (theo bng 5-2 ca ti liu [7]).
i vi phng n u t 1 ln v phng n u t phn k - ln u t
th hai (5 nm sau tc l u nm th 10 l tin hnh nng cp mt ng) V =
0,7.45 = 31,5 Km/h
S=

10395
45000
+
= 2477 ng/T.Km.
0, 65.0,95.7, 73 0, 65.0,95.7, 73.31,5

i vi phng n u t phn k - ln u t th nht (10 nm u tc

l ch tnh n ht nm th 9 u nm th 10) V = 0,7.35 =24,5 Km/h.
S =

10395
45000
+
= 2563 ng/T.Km.
0, 65.0,95.7, 73 0, 65.0,95.7, 73.24,5

+ Qt: lng hng ho vn chuyn nm th t

Qt =365. . .Gtb.Nt

(I.7.22).

Trong :
+ Nt : Lu lng xe chy hn hp nm tnh ton th t.
7.15.1.2. Phng n u t mt ln:
a. Xc nh cc chi ph tp trung cho 1Km kt cu o ng:

Ko

Ktr

Ktr

10

15

T(nm)

Hnh I.7.11: S u t vn tp trung phng n mt ln

* Xc nh Ko :
K0 = 32.518.114 ng
* Xc nh K :
Vi mt ng b tng nha loi I: K = 0,42.K0
K = 0,42x 32.518.114 = 13.657.608 ng/Km.
* Xc nh Ktr :
Vi mt ng b tng nha loi I: Ktr = 0,051.K0
Ktr1 = 0,051x 32.518.114= 1.658.424 ng/Km.
Ktr2 = 0,051x 32.518.114 = 1.658.424 ng/Km.
* Xc nh Kt:
Kt = 32.518.114+

13.657.608

(1 + 0.1)

15

1.658.424 1.658.424
+
10
5
(1 + 0.1) (1 + 0.1)

Kt = 37.456.781ng/Km.
b. Xc nh cc chi ph thng xuyn:
Ts

Ts
Ts
Ct
Ctd
Ctvc
=
+

t 1
t 1
t 1
t =1 (1 + Etd )
t =1 (1 + Etd )
t =1 (1 + Etd )

(I.7.23).

* Xc nh Ctd:
Theo bng 5.1 ca ti liu [7] ta c Ctd = 0,0055.K0 = 0,0055x32.518.114

 C td = 178.850 ng/Km.
Khi tnh i v nm gc gi tr Ctd tng nm ta c tng chi ph duy tu bo
dng tnh i v nm gc ghi di y.
* Xc nh C tvc = Qt.S:
C tvc c tnh ton c th theo bng 3.3 ph lc 3.
Theo , ta c:
Ts

Ts
Ts
Ct
Ctd
Ctvc
=
+

t 1
t 1
t 1
t =1 (1 + Etd )
t =1 (1 + Etd )
t =1 (1 + Etd )

15

t =1

Ct
= 1.496.378,91 + 21.823.167.102,88 = 21.824.663.482 ng
(1 + Etd )t 1

c. Xc nh tng chi ph tp trung v khai thc qui i v nm gc:

15

Pt = Kt+
t =1

Ct
=
(1 + Etd )t 1

(I.7.18).

Pt = 37.456.781+ 21.824.663.482 = 21.862.120.263 ng

7.15.1.3. Phng n u t phn k:
Ko

KTr

K1Tr2

K1 ; K02

Ktr2

10

15

T(nm)

Hnh I.7.12: S u t vn tp trung phng n phn k

a. Ln u t th nht:
a.1. Xc nh chi ph tp trung:
* Xc nh K 10 :
K 10 = 21.174.357 ng
* Xc nh Ktr :
K 1tr = 0,051.K 10 = 0,051 x 21.174.357 = 1.079.892 ng/Km.
K tr2 = 0,051.K 10 = 0,051 x 21.174.357 = 1.079.892 ng/Km.
* Xc nh K:
K = 0,487.K 10 = 0,487 x 21.174.357 = 10.311.911 ng/Km.
* Xc nh K 1td

K 1td = K 10 + K 1tr + K tr2 = 21.174.357 +

1.079.892 1.079.892 10.311.911

+
+
(1 + 0,1)8
(1 + 0,1) 4
(1 + 0,1)10

= 26.391.404 ng/Km.
a.2. Xc nh cc chi ph thng xuyn:
* Xc nh C td :
Theo bng 5-1 ca ti liu [7] ta c
Ctd = 0,0098.K 10 = 0,0098 x 21.174.357 = 207.509 ng/Km.
Khi tnh i v nm gc gi tr Ctd tng nm ta c tng chi ph duy tu bo
dng tnh i v nm gc ghi bng di
* Xc nh C tvc = Qt.S
C tvc c tnh ton c th bng 3.4 ph lc 3. Theo , ta c:
10
10
Ct1
Ctd
Ctvc
=
+

t 1
t 1
t 1
t =1 (1 + Etd )
t =1 (1 + Etd )
t =1 (1 + Etd )
10

Ct1

= 1.402.556 + 15.391.918.363 = 15.393.320.919 ng

t 1
t =1 (1 + Etd )
10

a.3. Xc nh tng chi ph tp trung v khai thc qui i v nm gc:

P 1td = K 1td +

Ct1

t 1
t =1 (1 + Etd )
10

P 1td = 26.391.404 + 15.393.320.919 = 15.419.712.323 ng.

b. Ln u t th hai:
b.1. Xc nh chi ph tp trung:
* Xc nh chi ph tp trung:
K 02 = 11.937.096 ng
* Xc nh K tr2 :
K tr2 = 0,051.K 02 = 0,051x11.937.096 = 608.792 ng/Km.
* Xc nh K td2 :
K td2 =

11.937.096 608.792
+
= 4.748.007 ng/Km.
(1 + 0.1)10 (1 + 0.1)15

b.2. Xc nh cc chi ph thng xuyn:

* Xc nh C td :

Theo bng 5.1 ca [1] ta c C td =0,0055.K 02

Ctd = 0,0055x11.937.096 = 65.654 ng/Km.
Khi tnh i v nm gc gi tr Ct tng nm ta c tng chi ph duy tu bo
dng tnh i v nm gc ghi bng 3.5 ph lc 3. Theo , ta c:
15
15
Ct2
Ctd
Ctvc
=
+

t 1
t 1
t 1
t =11 (1 + Etd )
t =11 (1 + Etd )
t =11 (1 + Etd )
15

Ct2

= 287.530 + 7.184.609.533 = 7.184.897.063 ng.

t 1
t =11 (1 + Etd )
15

b.3. Xc nh tng chi ph xy dng v khai thc qui i v nm gc:

C 2t
t 1
t =11 (1 + Etd )
15

P td2 = K td2 +

P td2 = 4.748.007 + 7.184.897.063 = 7.189.645.070 ng.

c. Xc nh tng chi ph u t v khai thc ca phng n u t phn k
qui i v nm gc:
Pt = Pt1 +Pt2 = 15.419.712.323 + 7.189.645.070
= 22.609.357.393 ng
7.15.2. So snh chn phng n:
7.15.2.1. Phn tch u nhc im ca 2 phng n:
* Phng n u t 1 ln:
- Ngay t u, thi cng mt ng cp cao A1 nn cht lng phc v
ca tuyn l tt hn trong sut thi k khai thc.
- ng thi, nh tnh, phng n mt ln cho gi thnh cao hn phng
n phn k v gi thnh li thp hn l 747.237.130 ng.
* Phng n u t phn k:
- Lng vn huy ng cho ln u xy dng l nh hn phng n u t
mt ln.
- Cht lng phc v trong 10 nm u khng tt bng phng n 1
- Gi thnh xy dng ln hn phng n 1.
- V mt thi cng: ta nhn thy phng n u t xy dng phn k khi xy
dng ln th 2 gy tr ngi v vic t chc giao thng, din thi cng thu hp... do
vic t chc thi cng, iu ng my mc, nhn lc s gp kh khn.

7.15.2.2. xut phng n thit k k thut:

Qua phn tch trn, kin ngh chn phng n u t xy dng mt ln
thit k k thut.