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Chuyn : XC NH CNG THC PHN T HP CHT HU C

PHN T LUN
Cu 1. Xc nh CTPT cho mi cht theo s liu sau:
a/ 85,8%C; 14,2%H; M=56
b/ 51,3%C; 9,4%H; 12%N; 27,3%O; T khi hi so vi khng kh l 4,035.
c/ 54,5%C; 9,1%H; 36,4%%O; 0,88g hi chim th tch 224 ml (o
ktc)
Cu 2. t chy hon ton 3g cht hu c A cha C, H, O thu c 6,6g CO 2 v 3,6g nc. T khi hi
ca A so vi nit l 2,15. Tm cng thc phn t ca A.
Cu 3. t chy 2,25g hp cht A cha C, H, O phi dng ht 3,08lt oxi (ktc) v thu c V H2O: VCO2
= 5:4. Bit t khi hi ca A so vi CO2 l 2,045. Tm CTPT ca A.
Cu 4. Mt cht hu c A ch cha 3 nguyn t C, H, O. th hi, 1,8g cht A chim th tch ng
bng th tch ca 0,8g oxi cng iu kin. t chy hon ton 3,6g A bng 4,48l kh oxi (ktc)
thu c hn hp kh v hi trong VCO2 = 3VO2 v t l khi lng CO2 v nc l 11/3. Tm
cng thc phn t ca A.
Cu 5. t chy hon ton mt cht hu c A ch cha cc nguyn t C, H, O ri cho sn phm chy
vo bnh ng 35ml dd KOH 1M. Sau phn ng ngi ta nhn thy khi lng bnh ng KOH
tng ln1,15g ng thi trong bnh xut hin hai mui c khi lng tng cng l 2,57g. T khi
hi ca A so vi hidro l 43. Tm CTPT ca A.
Cu 6. t chy hon ton mt lng hp cht A cn 6,72lt oxi (ktc). Khi cho ton b sn phm to
thnh ch gm CO2 v nc vo mt lng nc vi trong thu c 10g kt ta v 200ml dd mui
c nng 0,5M; dd ny nng hn lng nc vi trong dng l 8,6g. Tm cng thc n gin
ca A.
Cu 7. t chy hon ton 2,14g cht hu c A ch cha cc nguyn t C, H, N ri cho sn phm chy
hp th hon ton vo 1,8lt dd Ca(OH)2 0,05M thu c kt ta v dd mui, khi lng dd mui
ny nng hn khi lng dd Ca(OH)2 ban u l 3,78g. Cho dd Ba(OH)2 ly d vo dd mui li
thu c kt ta. Tng khi lng kt ta 2 ln l 18,85g. Tm cng thc n gin ca A.
Cu 8. t chy hon ton 0,9g mt cht hu c c thnh phn gm cc nguyn t C, H, O thu c
1,32g CO2 v 0,54g H2O. Khi lng phn t ca cht l 180. Xc nh CTPT ca hp cht hu
c ni trn.
Cu 9. t chy hon ton mt hp cht hu c cha C, H, Cl sinh ra 0,22g CO2 v 0,09g H2O. Khi xc
nh clo trong lng cht bng dd AgNO3, ngi ta thu c 1,435g AgCl. Xc nh CTPT ca
hp cht hu c ni trn bit t khi hi ca n so vi hidro bng 42,5.
Cu 10. t chy hon ton 10,4g hp cht hu c A ri cho sn phm ln lt qua bnh 1 ng H2SO4
m c, bnh 2 cha nc vi trong c d, thy khi lng bnh 1 tng 3,6g, bnh 2 thu c
30g kt ta. Khi ho hi 5,2g A thu c mt th tch ng bng th tch ca 1,6g oxi cng iu
kin nhit v p sut. Xc nh CTPT ca A.
Cu 11. t 0,366g mt hp cht hu c A, thu c 0,792g CO2 v 0,234g H2O. Mt khc phn hu
0,549g cht thu c 37,42cm3 nit (o 27C v 750mmHg). Tm cng thc phn t ca A,
bit rng phn t ca n ch cha mt nguyn t nit.
Cu 12. t chy hon ton 0,01mol cht X bng mt lng oxi va l 0,616 lit, thu c 1,344 lit
hn hp CO2, N2 v hi nc. Sau khi lm ngng t hi nc, hn hp kh cn li chim th tch
l 0,56 lit v c t khi i vi hidro l 20,4. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca X, bit th tch cc
kh o ktc.
Cu 13. t chy hon ton 7,2 gam hp cht hu c A bng O 2 ch thu c 22
gam CO2 v 10,8 gam H2O . Xc nh cng thc phn t ca A bit khi ha
hi 7,2 gam A thu c mt th tch hi ln hn 1,792 lt(136,50C; 1,5atm)
Cu 14. t chy hon ton m gam hp cht hu c X cn va 5,04 lit O2(ktc)
Hp th sn phm chy vo dung dch Ca(OH)2 d thy to ra 15gam kt ta
v khi lng dung dch cn li c khi lng gim so vi khi lng ca dung dch
Ca(OH)2 l 4,8 gam. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca X bit t khi hi ca X
so vi H2 nh hn 40.
Luyn thi i hc

Cu 15. Hp cht hu c A c cha C H, N, Cl vi % khi lng tng ng l 29,45%;


9,82%; 17,18%; 43,55%. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca A bit n trng vi
cng thc n gin nht.
Cu 16. t chy hon ton 5,6 gam hp cht hu c A cn 13,44 lt O 2 (ktc) thu
c CO2 v nc theo t l mol l 1:1.
a/ Xc nh cng thc n gin ca A.
b/ Xc nh phn t v vit cng thc cu to c th c ca A. Gi tn .
Bit 50 < MA < 60.
Cu 17. t chy hon ton 8,6 gam hp cht hu c A thu c sn phm chy gm
CO2 v nc. em hp th ton b sn phm chy vo bnh ng dung dch nc vi trong d thy khi lng bnh ng dung dch gim 17 gam v trong
bnh c 40 gam kt ta.
a/ Xc nh cng thc n gin nht ca A.
b/ Xc nh cng thc phn t ca A bit MA < 100 vC.
Cu 18. t chy hon ton 0,58 gam hp cht hu c A, ton b sn phm chy
cho hp th hon ton vo dung dch Ba(OH)2 thy khi lng bnh tng thm
2,66 gam v trong bnh c 3,94 gam mui trung tnh v 2,59 gam mui axit.
Xc nh cng thc phn t v vit cng thc cu to c th c ca A.
Cu 19. t chy hon ton 3,4 gam hp cht hu c A mch h cn 7,84 lt O 2
(ktc) thu c nc v CO2. Hp th hon ton sn phm chy bng dung dch
nc vi trong d thy khi lng bnh ng dung dch nc vi trong tng 14,6
gam v trong bnh c 25 gam kt ta. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca A
bit n trng vi cng thc n gin.
Cu 20. t chy hon ton 2,14g cht hu c A ch cha cc nguyn t C, H, N ri cho sn phm
chy hp th hon ton vo 1,8lt dd Ca(OH)2 0,05M thu c kt ta v dd mui, khi lng dd
mui ny nng hn khi lng dd Ca(OH)2 ban u l 3,78g. Cho dd Ba(OH)2 ly d vo dd mui
li thu c kt ta. Tng khi lng kt ta 2 ln l 18,85g. Tm cng thc n gin ca A.
PHN TRC NGHIM
Cu 21. t chy hon ton m(g) cht hu c A cha C, H, O khi lng sn phm chy l P(g). Cho
ton b sn phm ny qua ddch nc vi trong c d th sau cng thu c t gam kt ta, bit P =
0,71t v t =(m+p)/1,02. Xc nh CTPT ca A?
A. C2H6O2
B. C2H6O
C. C3H8O3
D. C3H8O
Cu 22. t chy hon ton 0,01 mol cht hu c X cn va 0,616 lt O2. Sau th nghim thu c
hn hp sn phm Y gm: CO2, N2 v hi H2O. Lm lnh ngng t hi H2O ch cn 0,56 lt hn
hp kh Z (c t khi hi vi H2 l 20,4).Xc nh cng thc phn t X. Bit th tch cc kh u
o ktc.
A. C2H5ON
B. C2H5O2N
C. C2H7ON
D. C2H7O2N
Cu 23. t chy hon ton 1,12g cht hu c A, ri cho hp th ton b sn phm chy trong dung
dch Ba(OH)2 d thy khi lng bnh cha tng 3,36g. Bit rng s mol CO2 gp 1,5 ln s mol
ca nc. CTPT ca A l: (bit A c 1 nguyn t oxi trong phn t):
A. C3H8O
B. CH2O
C. C4H10O
D. C3H6O
Cu 24. Khi phn tch a(g) cht hu c A cha C, H, O thy tng khi lng 2 nguyn t cacbon v
hiro l 0,46g. Nu t chy hon ton a(g) cht A cn va 0,896 lt O 2 ( ktc). Cho ton b
sn phm chy qua bnh cha dung dch NaOH d, thy chng b hp th hon ton v khi lng
bnh cha tng thm 1,9g. Cng thc phn t ca A l :
A. C6H6O2
B. C6H6O
C. C7H8O
D. C7H8O2
Cu 25. t chy 0,45g cht hu c A ri cho ton b sn phm qua bnh ng nc vi trong d th
c 112 cm3 N2 (kc) thot ra khi bnh, khi lng bnh tng 1,51g v c 2g kt ta trng.Cng
thc phn t ca A l :
A. C4H14N2
B.C2H7N
C. C2H5N
D. Khng xc nh c
Cu 26. t chy hon ton 1,48g cht hu c A dng 2,016 lt oxi (ktc) th thu c hn hp kh c
thnh phn nh sau: VCO2 = 3VO2 v mCO2 = 2,444mH2O. Tm cng thc phn t ca A bit khi ho
hi 1,85g A chim th tch bng th tch ca 0,8g oxi cng iu kin.
A. C4H10O
B. C2H2O3
C.C3H6O2
D. C2H4O2
Luyn thi i hc

Cu 27. t chy hon ton 18g cht hu c A cn va 16,8 lt O2 thu c CO2 v hi nc c t


l th tch = 3: 2. Xc nh CTPT ca A?.
A. C4H6O2
B. C3H4O2
C. C3H4O
D. C4H6O
Cu 28. t chy hon ton 4,45 g cht hu c X phi dng ht 4,20 lt kh oxi (ktc). Sn phm
chy gm c 3,15 g H2O v 3,92 lt hn hp kh gm CO2 v N2 (ktc). Xc nh CTGN ca X.
A. C3H9N
B. C3H7O2N
C. C2H7N
D. C2H5O2N
Cu 29. T genol (trong tinh du hng nhu) iu ch c metylgenol (M = 178 g/mol) l cht dn
d cn trng. Kt qu phn tch nguyn t ca metylgenol cho thy: %C = 74,16%; %H = 7,86%,
cn li l oxi. Tng s lin kt trong phn t metylgenol l: (Cng thc tnh s lin kt pi ca
hp cht CxHyOz l: s lin kt pi = (2x-y+2)/2).
A. 5
B. 4
C. 6
D. 3
Cu 30. Phn tch a(g) cht hu c A thu c m(g) CO 2 v n(g) H2O. Cho bit m = 22n/9 v a =
15(m+n)/31. Xc nh CTPT ca A. Bit t khi hi (d) ca A i vi khng kh th 2 < d <3.
A. C3H6O
B. C3H6O2
C. C2H4O2
D. C2H4O
Cu 31. t chy hon ton 1,47 gam cht hu c X (ch cha C,H,O) bng 1,0976 lt kh O 2( ktc)
lng dng va th sau th nghim thu c H 2O , 2,156 gam CO2. Tm CTPT ca X, bit t
khi hi ca X so vi khng kh nm trong khong: 3<dx < 4.
A. C3H4O3
B. C3H6O3
C. C3H8O3
D. p n khc
Cu 32. Cho 2 cht hu c X, Y (gm C, H, O) u c cha 53,33% oxi v khi lng. Khi t chy
0,02mol hn hp X, Y cn 0,05mol oxi. Khi lng phn t ca Y gp 1,5 ln khi lng phn t
ca X.M ca hai cht X v Y ln lt bng:
A. 60 v 90
B. 30 v 45
C. 40 v 60
D. 80 v 120
Cu 33. t chy cht hu c A (cha C, H, O) phi dng mt lng oxi bng 8 ln lng oxi c trong
A v thu c lng kh CO2 v H2O theo t l khi lng l 22/9. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca
A bit rng A ch cha 1 nguyn t oxi :
A. C2H4O
B. CH2O
C. C3H6O
D. C4H8O
Cu 34. Mt hp cht hu c gm C, H, O; trong cacbon chim 61,22% v khi lng. Cng thc
phn t ca hp cht c th l:
A. C4H10O.
B. C3H6O2.
C. C2H2O3.
D. C5H6O2.
Cu 35. t chy hon ton mt hp cht hu c n chc X thu c sn phm chy ch gm CO2 v
H2O vi t l khi lng tng ng l 44 : 27. Cng thc phn t ca X l
A. C2H6.
B. C2H6O.
C. C2H6O2.
D. C2H4O.
Cu 36. Trong mt bnh kn cha hi cht hu c X (c dng CnH2nO2) mch h v O2 (s mol O2 gp
i s mol cn cho phn ng chy) 139,9oC, p sut trong bnh l 0,8 atm. t chy hon ton X,
sau a v nhit ban u, p sut trong bnh lc ny l 0,95 at. X c cng thc phn t l
A. C4H8O2.
B. C3H6O2.
C. CH2O2.
D. C2H4O2.
Cu 37. t chy hon ton 0,12 mol cht hu c A mch h cn dng 10,08 lt O 2 (ktc). Dn ton b
sn phm chy (gm CO2, H2O v N2) qua bnh ng dung dch Ba(OH)2 d, thy khi lng bnh
tng 23,4g v c 70,92g kt ta. Kh thot ra khi bnh c th tch 1,344 lt (ktc). Cng thc phn
t ca A l
A. C2H5O2N. B. C3H5O2N.
C. C3H7O2N.
D. C2H7O2N.
Cu 38. t chy hon ton 0,2 mol mt axit cacboxylic no 2 ln thu c 1,2 mol CO 2. Cng thc
phn t ca axit l
A. C6H14O4.
B. C6H12O4.
C. C6H10O4.
D. C6H8O4.
Cu 39. Mt hp cht hu c Y khi t chy thu c CO2 v H2O c s mol bng nhau; ng thi
lng oxi cn dng bng 4 ln s mol ca Y. Cng thc phn t ca Y l
A. C2H6O.
B. C4H8O.
C. C3H6O.
D. C3H6O2.
Cu 40. t chy hon ton 5,8 gam mt hp cht hu c n chc X cn 8,96 lt kh O 2 (ktc), thu
c CO2 v H2O c s mol bng nhau. Cng thc n gin nht ca X l
A. C2H4O.
B. C3H6O.
C. C4H8O.
D. C5H10O.
Cu 41. t chy hon ton 4,3gam mt cht hu c n chc A cha C, H, O ri dn sn phm chy
qua bnh 1 cha P2O5 d v bnh 2 cha NaOH d. Sau th nghim bnh 1 tng 2,7g; bnh 2 thu
c 21,2g mui. Cng thc phn t ca A l
A. C2H3O.
B. C4H6O.
C. C3H6O2.
D. C4H6O2.
Luyn thi i hc

Cu 42. t chy hon ton 1,18 gam cht B (CxHyN) bng mt lng khng kh va . Dn ton b
hn hp kh sau phn ng vo bnh ng dung dch Ca(OH)2 d, thu c 6 gam kt ta v c
9,632 lt kh (ktc) duy nht thot ra khi bnh. Bit khng kh cha 20% oxi v 80% nit v th
tch. Cng thc phn t ca B l
A. C2H7N.
B. C3H9N.
C. C4H11N.
D. C4H9N.
Cu 43. Trong mt bnh kn dung tch khng i cha hn hp hi cht A (CxHyO) vi O2 va
t chy hp cht A 136,5oC v 1 atm. Sau khi t chy, a bnh v nhit ban u, th p
sut trong bnh l 1,2 atm. Mt khc, khi t chy 0,03 mol A lng CO 2 sinh ra c cho vo 400
ml dd Ba(OH)2 0,15M thy c hin tng ho tan kt ta, nhng nu cho vo 800 ml dd Ba(OH)2
ni trn th thy Ba(OH)2 d. Cng thc phn t ca A l
A. C2H4O.
B. C3H6O.
C. C4H8O.
D. C3H6O2.
Cu 44. Trn mt hirocacbon X vi lng O2 va c hn hp A 0oC v p sut P1. t chy
ht X, tng th tch cc sn phm thu c 218,4 oC v p sut P1 gp 2 ln th tch hn hp A
0oC, p sut P1.
A. C4H10.
B. C2H6.
C. C3H6.
D. C3H8.
Cu 45. t chy hon ton 1,605 gam hp cht hu c A thu c 4,62 g CO 2; 1,215g H2O v 168ml
N2 (ktc). T khi hi ca A so vi khng kh khng vt qu 4. Cng thc phn t ca A l
A. C7H9N.
B. C6H7N.
C. C5H5N.
D. C6H9N.
Cu 46. t chy hon ton 5,8 gam cht A thu c 2,65 gam Na 2CO3; 2,26 gam H2O v 12,1 gam
CO2. Cng thc phn t ca A l
A. C6H5O2Na. B. C6H5ONa.
C. C7H7O2Na. D. C7H7ONa.
Cu 47. t chy hon ton 1,88g A (cha C, H, O) cn 1,904 lt kh O2 (ktc), thu c CO2 v H2O
vi t l mol tng ng l 4:3. Cng thc phn t ca A l
A. C4H6O2.
B. C8H12O4.
C. C4H6O3.
D. C8H12O5.
Cu 48. t chy hon ton mt lng cht X (cha C, H, O) cn 0,6 mol O 2 to ra 0,6 mol CO2 v 0,6
mol H2O. Cng thc phn t ca X l
A. C6H12O6.
B. C12H22O11.
C. C2H4O2.
D. CH2O.
Cu 49. t chy hon ton mt lng cht Y (cha C, H, O) cn 0,3 mol O2 to ra 0,2 mol CO2 v 0,3
mol H2O. Cng thc phn t ca Y l
A. C2H6O.
B. C2H6O2.
C. CH4O.
D. C3H6O.
Cu 50. t chy hon ton mt lng cht hu c cha C, H, Cl thu c 2,2 gam CO 2; 0,9 gam H2O.
Khi xc nh clo trong lng cht bng dung dch AgNO 3 th thu c 14,35 gam AgCl. Cng
thc phn t ca hp cht l
A. C2H4Cl2.
B. C3H6Cl2.
C. CH2Cl2.
D. CHCl3.
Cu 51. t chy hon ton 0,1 mol cht X cn 6,16 lt kh O2 (ktc), thu c13,44 lt (ktc) hn hp
CO2, N2 v hi nc. Sau khi ngng t ht hi nc, cn li 5,6 lt kh (ktc) c t khi so vi
hiro l 20,4. Cng thc phn t ca X l?
A. C2H7O2N.
B. C3H7O2N.
C. C3H9O2N.
D. C4H9N.
Cu 52. t chy hon ton 10,4 gam hp cht hu c Y (cha C, H, O) ri cho ton b sn phm chy
ln lt qua bnh 1 dng H2SO4 c, bnh 2 ng nc vi trong d. Sau th nghim, ngi ta thy
khi lng bnh 1 tng 3,6 gam v bnh 2 thu c 30 gam kt ta. Cng thc phn t ca X l
A. C3H6O2.
B. C4H6O2.
C. C4H6O4.
D. C3H4O4.

Luyn thi i hc

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