Theo quy c, cc a ch IP c chia ra lm ba lp nh sau:

Class Subnet mask trong dng nh phn Subnet mask

Lp A 11111111 00000000 00000000 00000000 255.0.0.0
Lp B 11111111 11111111 00000000 00000000 255.255.0.0
Lp C 11111111 11111111 11111111 00000000 255.255.255.0
Nh ta bit, lp A s dng 1 octet u tin lm Network ID. S dng 8 bit u c set gi tr thnh
1, v 24 bit sau set gi tr 0 => c Subnet Mask 255.0.0.0. Tng t vi cc lp kia.
V d IP: 192.168.1.0/24
y l a ch thuc lp C. V con s 24 c ngha l ta s dng 24 bit cho phn Network ID, v cn li 8
bit cho Host ID.
Chia Subnet Mask nh th no?
y, mnh s trnh by cch ngn gn gip bn c th tnh nhm c. Ly v d c th nh sau:
Cng ty thu mt ng IP l 192.168.1.0. By gi ng gim c yu cu phn lm chia lm 3 mng con
cho ba phng ban trong cng ty. Hy thc hin vic chia subnet ny.
Trc ht ta phn tch cu trc ca a ch: 192.168.1.0 nh sau:
+ a ch NetMask: 255.255.255.0
+ Network ID: 11111111.11111111.11111111
+ HostID: 00000000
Trong v d ny ta cn chia lm 3 mng con (3 subnet) nn ta cn s dng 2 bit phn Host ID thm
vo Network ID. Lm sao bit c s bit cn mn thm? Ta c cng thc : 2^n>=m (vi m l s
subnet cn chia, n l s bit cn mn). y 2^2>=3.
Sau khi mn 2 bit, ta c cu trc mi dng nh phn l (bit mn ta set gi tr bng 1 nh):
+ a ch NetMask:: 11111111.11111111.11111111.11000000
+ Network ID: 11111111.11111111.11111111.11
+ Host ID: 000000
=> dng thp phn l: 255.255.255.192
a ch IP mi lc ny l: 192.168.1.0/26 (con s 26 l 24 + 2 bits mn).
Ta xc nh "bc nhy" cho cc subnet:
Bc nhy k=256-192=64
=> Ta c cc mng con sau:
Ip: 192.168.1.0 Netmask: 255.255.255.192
Ip: 192.168.1.64 Netmask: 255.255.255.192
Ip: 192.168.1.128 Netmask: 255.255.255.192
Ip: 192.168.1.192 Netmask: 255.255.255.192
Nh vy s my trn mi mng bng bao nhiu?
S bits ca Host ID cn li sau khi b Network ID mn: x = 32-26 = 6
=> S my trn mi mng: 2^n-2 = 2^6-2 = 62 my
Min a ch IP trong mt Subnet chnh l dy a ch IP nm "lt gia" Net ID v Broadcast.
Mnh ly v d trn nh.
Ba mng con tm c l
Ip: 192.168.1.0
Ip: 192.168.1.64

Ip: 192.168.1.128
Mng con 1 s c:
Net ID: 192.168.1.0
Start IP: 192.168.1.1
End IP: 192.168.1.62
Broadcast: 192.168.1.63