Thit k tuyn viba s H Ni Ho Bnh.

LI M U

Cc h thng truyn thng v tuyn ang pht trin bng n trn th gii v c
Vit Nam. Trc yu cu ngy cng cao ca ngi s dng dch v thng tin di
ng v cht lng, dung lng v tnh a dng ca dch v v c bit l cc dch
v truyn d liu tc cao v a phng tin, vic nghin cu, ng dng cc
cng ngh v k thut tin tin p ng nhu cu ny lun l mt i hi cp thit.
Mt trong s cc k thut l k thut viba s. Viba s l h thng truyn dn
s dng tn s siu cao tn, vi bc sng cc ngn, vi u im nh: Ti ca h
thng lun lun khng thay i, t b nh hng ca t s tp m trn sng mang
nh truyn dn tng t, v ngy nay, khi xut hin xu hng hp mng ca cc
mng s th vic s dng cc thp v cc trm anten l tt yu nhm thu ht cc
phn t mng nhm to nn mng s v tuyn.
Do , vic tm hiu nghin cu v thit k cc tuyn v tuyn ni chung v
tuyn viba s ni ring nng cao cht lng tuyn, to ra nhiu ng dng mi,
nhiu dch v mi tht s l mt yu cu cp thit.
Trong ni dung hn hp, bi thit k tuyn viba s H NI HA BNH ch
xin a ra nhng phn k thut s lc nht thit k cho mt tuyn viba s.
Vic tip tc nghin cu v ng dng cc tuyn truyn dn viba s s mang li
nhng hiu qu to ln cho cc h thng v tuyn v dung lng cng nh cht
lng dch v ca h thng.

Thit k tuyn viba s H Ni Ho Bnh.

MC LC

I.

Mt s quy nh chung.........................................................3

II.

Phn gi thit..........................................................................4

III.

Ni dung thit k tuyn Viba s H Ni Ho Bnh....5

1.

Phn thuyt minh..................................................................5

2.

Phn bn v

3.

Phn tng d ton.................................................................6

4.

Chn v tr t trm...............................................................6

5.

Chn tn s lm vic.............................................................7

6.

Tnh ton cc thng s lin quan..........................................8

7.

Tnh cao treo Anten..........................................................10

8.

Tnh suy hao ng truyn...................................................11

9.

Tnh li ca Anten............................................................10

5..................................................................

10. Tnh cng sut bn pht - chn my pht.............................13

IV Kt lun..14

Thit k tuyn viba s H Ni Ho Bnh.

Mt s quy nh chung

Vic thit kt tuyn thng tin ni chung v thit k tuyn viba s ni ring c tin hnh
trn c s:

D n bo co kh thi c cc cp c thm quyn ph duyt

H s kho st , thuyt minh chnh xc v ni dung xy lp v cc s liu tiu

chun cn t c

Cc vn bn th tc hnh chnh ca c quan trong v ngoi nghnh lin quan

n a im , mt bng xy dng

Cc tiu chun, qui nh, qui phm xy dng ca nh nc v ca nghnh

Cc nh mc v d ton c lin quan p dng trong thit k

H s v ti liu thu thp c trong qu trnh kho st v o c

Vic thit k tuyn cn phi m bo ng tiu chun, qui trinh, qui phm ca nh nc ban
hnh nh:

ng k xin cp tn s lm vic vi cc tn s v tuyn in quc gia

An ton v phng chng thin tai l lt

An ton khi c ging st, m bo cht lng ca cc h thng chng st , tip t cho
thit b v thp anten theo qui nh ca nghnh.

Thit k tuyn viba s H Ni Ho Bnh.

II

Phn gi thit

. Gi thit rng tuyn viba H Ni Ho Bnh c hon tt cc th tc hnh chnh.

c cc cp ph duyt y a vo thit k tuyn viba ny.

. c h s kho st tuyn, h s kho st vi cc d liu km theo.

a hnh tuyn: a hnh i ni, c nhiu vt cn, che chn. Tuyn truyn i qua mt
vng t thnh ph n min ni.

Mi trng: khng c nhiu.

Thnh ph H Ni :

Din tch 3324,92 km2 ( 8/ 2008 ) gm 10 qun, 18 huyn v 1 th x vi dn s 6,233

triu ngi. Mt dn c v cng ng c, a hnh c nhiu nh cao tng, thp

Tnh Ho Bnh:

L mt tnh min ni pha Ty Bc, nm to 20019'-21008' v Bc, 104048'

105040' kinh ng. Vi din tch t nhin 46625 km2 v dn s khong 900.000 ngi.

Thit k tuyn viba s H Ni Ho Bnh.

III Ni dung thit k tuyn Viba s H Ni Ho Bnh

1) Phn thuyt minh
. Phng php thit k tuyn c trnh by da trn nhng cn c ca qu trnh kho st
tuyn. Kho st a hnh, o c ta c cc thng s sau:

Chiu di tuyn H Ni Ho Bnh: 60 km.

Chn tn s lm vic: Sau khi ng tn s lm vic vi cc tn s v c cc tn s cp
php cho tn s lm vic vi tn s sng mang trung tn f = 6 (GHz)
Cn c vo cao ca a hnh, ta s chn cao treo anten l ha1, ha2 tnh ton sau
ny.

. Tin hnh tnh cc tn hao ca c tuyn, vi:

Tn hao khng gian t do.

Tn hao phi.
Tn hao r nhnh
Tn hao hp th kh quyn.

. Mua thit b thu vi mc ngng thu c sn: Pngng. T ta s tnh cao treo anten v
tnh cng sut thu ti u thu khi c tnh n d tr fainh Fm.
Da vo phng trnh cn bng cng sut:
Pr = Pt+ G At.
Vi:
Pt: Cng sut pht.
Pr: Cng sut thu.
G: li ca anten.
At: Tng mc tiu hao trn tuyn.
Ta s tnh cng sut pht Pt mua thit b cho ph hp.
. V cui cng vi cc thng s tnh ton c, ta tin hnh lp t, th nghim v nghim
thu tuyn viba trn.

2) Phn bn v
Cc bn tng th ca cc v tr t trm theo t l 1:250000 ( gi s l c nh km
theo bn thit k ny).
Cc bn v v bnh tuyn ct dc theo tuyn lm r a hnh tuyn truyn ( gi s l
c nh km theo bn thit k ny).
5

Thit k tuyn viba s H Ni Ho Bnh.

3) Tng d ton
Da trn cc c s biu nh mc, biu n gi, nh mc n gi & khi lng cng trnh ta
tnh ton a ra c con s tng d ton ca cng trnh.
Lu : Cn ch tnh ton phn trt gi.

4) Chn v tr t trm
. Cn c vo nhu cu s dng, yu cu thit k tuyn v qu trnh kho st tuyn, cn c vo
tnh hnh khu vc dn c, vo iu kin thc t khu vc. Ta chn v tr t trm nh sau:
+Ti H Ni:
t trm A ti khu vc mt bi t trng cnh ng 5 Cu Giy, vi cao so vi mc nc bin
l 6m( h1 = 6m ).
+ Ti Ho Bnh:
t trm B ti trung tm thnh ph Ho Bnh vi cao so vi mc nc bin l 30m ( h2 =
30m ).
. Nhng thng s cn quan tm:
+ Chiu cao nht ca tuyn ti v tr C
Khong cch t H Ni n C l: AC = d1 = 40 km.
Khong cch t Ho Bnh n C l: BC = d2 = 20 km.
Tng khong cch ca tuyn l: d = d1+ d2 = 20 + 40 = 60( km ).
+ Thng s k: l thng s m t nh hng ca iu kin thi tit, kh hu ti ng truyn
(hay cn gi l thng s hiu dng ca tri t) v ph thuc vo vng min a l.
Ti khu vc lp t thit k l vng nhit i nng m nn ta chn k = 4/3.

Thit k tuyn viba s H Ni Ho Bnh.

k = 1/2
k=

k = 4/3

k = 2/3
k=1

Di y l bn v v v tr t trm

H Ni

Ha Binh

Bn v v tr t trm

C
7

Thit k tuyn viba s H Ni Ho Bnh.

5) Chn tn s lm vic.

Cn c vo s cho php ca tng cc tn s, cn c vo cc thit b mua sn, cn c vo

cc h thng thu pht lm vic khu vc ln cn v cc thit b ca ngi dn s dng cc dch
v khc.
Ta la chn tn s lm vic: f = 6 (GHz)

6) Tnh ton cc thng s lin quan

+ Xc nh li ca qu t: Da trn d liu c trc v mt ct dc ca tuyn.

Ei =

4 d1.d 2
.
51
k.

Vi:
Ei: li
a: bn knh thc ca tri t.
d1: khong cch t H Ni n im cao nht ca tuyn.
d2: khong cch t Ho Bnh n im cao nht ca tuyn.
Ei =

4 20 .40
.
51 4 / 3.

= 68 (m)

+ Xc nh d tr phainh phng Fm v khong h ng truyn F

- Tnh khong h ng truyn F:
Khong h ng truyn F l khong cch an ton, sng in t khng b che chn bi vt
cn v c tnh gia im cao nht ca tuyn so vi tia sng trc tip tm nhn thng.
F = C1 F 1
Vi bn knh min Fressnel:

Thit k tuyn viba s H Ni Ho Bnh.

F1 =17,32

F1 = 17,32.

d1.d 2
f .d

40 .20
= 23,9033 (m)
6.60

chn C1 = 0,6 ( theo khuyn ngh CCIR )

F = C1 F1. = 23,9033.0,6 = 14,342 (m)

- Tnh d tr fainh phng Fm.

y l thng s tnh ton nh hng ca hin tng fainh xy ra ti anten thu.
Do yu cu tuyn cho vi BER =10-6 .
* Khi thi gian gin on lin lc cho php l:
d
%
2500

280( km ) d 2500( km ) thi gian gin on lin lc cho php = 0,054.

d 280 km

thi gian gin on lin lc cho php = 0,006%.

* M thi gian gin on lin lc: TGGDLL = P0.10 -Fm/10

Vi:

P0 l xc sut xy ra gin on lin lc

P0 = ( C.f.d3.10-5 )/4

Trong :
C : H s a hnh chn theo bng. chn C = 1
d : C ly ca tuyn viba ( km )
f : Tn s sng mang
P0 = 0,3 a.C.

f d
.
4 50

a: g gh ca tuyn
Theo kho st: tuyn c g gh l 20m.

Thit k tuyn viba s H Ni Ho Bnh.

U

15

U = 20m a =

20

15

P0 = 0,3.

1/ 3

1/ 3

20

15

.1.6.

1/ 3

1 60
.
4 50

= 0,908

= 0,706

T ta xc nh c d tr fainh phng:
0,006 % = P0.10 ( Fm / 10 ) Fm = 40,7 (dB)

7) Tnh cao treo anten

a) Tnh cao ca tia sng trc tip tm nhn thng

Bi = Ei + ( Ti + Oi ) + C.F1

10

Thit k tuyn viba s H Ni Ho Bnh.

Vi:
Ti : cao a hnh. Theo kho st ta c Ti = 10 m
Oi : cao ca vt cn. Theo kho st ta c Oi = 15 m.
Ei : li ca qu t.
C.F1 = F : khong h ng truyn.
Thay s ta c:
Bi = 68 + (10 + 15) + 14,342 = 107,342 (m)

b) Xc nh cao treo anten

Ta t cao treo anten ti H Ni l ha1 = 30 (m)
Ta s i tnh cao treo anten ti Ho Bnh:
d
d1

ha2 = h1 + ha1 + [ Bi ( h1 + ha1 ) ]

h2

(m)

Thay h1 = 6m ; h2 = 30m ; d = 60km ; d1 = 40km ta c:

60
= 103,013 (m)
40

ha2 = 6 + 30 + [107,342 ( 6 + 30)].

Do vy cao treo anten thc t l:
har1 = ha1 + hd tr = 30 + 5 = 35 (m)

har2 = ha2 + hd tr = 103,013 + 5 = 108,013 (m)

8) Tnh suy hao ng truyn

a) Tn hao trong khng gian t do

11

Thit k tuyn viba s H Ni Ho Bnh.

A0 = 20 lg

4d

= 20 lg

4df
c

= 92,5 + 20.lg(f) + 20.lg(d)

= 92,5 + 15,563 + 35,563 = 143,6 (dB)
Trong :
f : tn s sng mang = 6 (GHz )
d : c ly tuyn = 60( km )

b) Tn hao trn ng phi ( t my thu pht sng cao tn n anten )

Da vo thng s tiu hao cho php ca loi phi dn sng dng.
Chn loi phi WC109 c mc tiu hao chun l 4,5 dB/100m.

LTXAT = 1,5har1. 0,045 + 0,3 = 2,6625 (dB)

LRXAT = 1,5har2.0,045 + 0,3 = 7,5908 (dB)

c) Tn hao r nhnh
Xy ra ti b phn nhnh thu pht. Tn hao ny c cho php t ( 2 8 )dB.
Ta chn tn hao ny = 6(dB) .
d) Tn hao hp th kh quyn
Theo chun CCIR th tn hao cho php Lspo t 0,04 dB/km n 0,19 dB/km.
Chn Lspo = 0,12 dB/km.
Lsp = Lspo.d = 0.12.60 = 7,2 (dB)
Vy tng cng sut suy hao trn ton tuyn l:
At = Ao + LTXAT + LRXAT +Tn hao r nhnh + Lsp
12

Thit k tuyn viba s H Ni Ho Bnh.

= 143,6 + 2,6625 + 7,5908 + 6 + 7,2 = 176, 0533 (dB)

9) Tnh li ca anten

Chn hai anten H Ni v Ho Bnh u l loi anten c ng knh: D = 2,4 m

GA = 20 lg

.2,4

= 20.lg 0,0428 = 44,9 (dB)

10). Tnh cng sut bn pht - chn my pht

Pr = Pt + 2G At.
Trong :
Pr : cng sut thu.
Pt : cng sut pht.
G : li ca anten.
Ta c :
Ngng thu = Pr Fm .
Suy ra:
Pr = Ngng thu + Fm.
Hay :
Ngng thu +Fm = Pt + 2G + At
Theo phng n thit k ta mua thit b t trc
( tc l chn trc my thu vi ngng thu = -93 dBm )
13

Thit k tuyn viba s H Ni Ho Bnh.

Vn l tnh ton cng sut pht Pt vi ng truyn nh kho st.
Theo phng trnh trn, vi:
Ngng thu = -85 dBm ;
Fm = 40,7 (dB) ;
G = 44,9 (dB) ;
At = 176, 0533 (dB).
Pt = Ngng thu + Fm - 2G + At
= -93 + 40,7 2.44,9 + 176,0533
= 33,9533 (dB).
Nh vy ta s la chn my pht vi cng sut pht l 33,9533 (dB).

IV Kt lun

Nh vy, trn y l nhng k thut v tnh ton c th tin hnh thit k tuyn viba s
H Ni Ha Bnh vi BER = 10-6 , chiu di tuyn l 60 km v cc thng s khc c chn
v tnh ton c th trn.
Sau khi a ra kho st v th nghim thnh cng, s tin hnh xy dng v trin khai thi
cng tuyn. S c mt ca tuyn viba s ny s em li nhiu li ch cho cc dch v v tuyn
gia thnh ph H Ni v tnh Ha Bnh.

14