Chng 4 Chnh lu

Ni dung
1. Khi qut 2. Chnh lu na chu k 3. Chnh lu c chu l vi bin p trung tnh 4. Chnh lu cu mt pha 5. Chnh lu tia ba pha 6. Chnh lu cu ba pha 7. Chnh lu tia su pha 8. Nng cao cht lng dng chnh lu 9. Lc mt chiu

4.1 Khi qut chnh lu

Cu trc, nh ngha Phn loi Cc thng s c bn ca chnh lu Nguyn tc dn ca cc ngt in bn dn

4.1.1. Cu trc, nh ngha

nh ngha: Chnh lu l thit b bin i dng in (in p) xoay chiu thnh dng in mt chiu Cu trc chnh lu nh hnh v

U1, P1

BA

U2, P2

CL

U=, P=

Lc

4.1.2. Phn loi

Theo s pha: mt pha, hai pha, ba pha, su pha.. Theo loi ngt in: Ton diode l chnh lu khng iu khin Ton thrysistor l chnh lu iu khin Mt na chnh lu, mt na diode l chnh lu bn iu khin (chnh lu iu khin khng i xng) Phn loi theo s mc Phn loi theo cng sut

4.1.3. Cc thng s c bn ca chnh lu

Nhng thng s c ngha quan trong nh gi T chnh lu bao gm: 1 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. in p ti
Ud =

u (t ).dt T
d 0

Dng in ti: Id = Udc/Rd Dng in chy qua ngt in: IND = Id/m in p ngc ca ngt in: UN = Umax Cng sut bin p:
SBA = S1BA + S2BA = k sd.U d . 2

S ln p mch trong mt chu k m p mch (nhp nh) ca in p ti

Nhm ngt in ni chung cathode Nguyn tc diode dn: in p anode ca diode no dng hn diode y dn. Khi in th im A bng in th anode dng nht. Nguyn tc dn v iu khin thrysistor

4.1.4. Nguyn tc dn ca cc ngt in bn dn D

V1 V2
1

D2

+ A
a)

Vn V1 V2

Dn T1 T2

+ A
b)

Vn

Tn

D1

Nhm ngt in ni chung anode Nguyn tc diode dn: in p cathode ngt in no m hn diode y dn. Khi in th im K bng in th anode m nht. Nguyn tc dn v iu khin thrysistor: Ph thuc vo in th dng trn cc anode v tn hiu iu khin.

V1
D2

V2
Dn

Vn
a)
T1

V1
T2

V2
Tn

Vn
b)

4.2. Chnh lu mt na chu k

4.2.1. Chnh lu khng iu khin S chnh lu mt na chu k khng iu khin trn hnh v
A U1 F a) U
2

Ud 0 2

L Ld = 0

Id b)

Xt trng hp ti thun tr
Cc thng s ca s in p ti U = 21 2U sin t.dt = 2 U = 0,45U Dng in ti: Id = Udc/Rd Dng in chy qua diode: ID = Id U in p ngc ca ngt in: = 2U S +S S = = 3,09.U .I Cng sut bin p: 2
d 2 2 0 2

1BA

2 BA

BA

A U1 F Ud U
2

Ud 0 2

R Id t

Xt trng hp ti in cm
Do c tch lu v x nng lng ca cun dy, do dng in v in p c dng nh hnh v Cc thng s ca s + 1 1 + cos Ud = 2U 2 sin t.dt = 0,45U 2 in p ti 2 2 0 Dng in ti: Id = Udc/Rd Dng in chy qua diode: ID = Id in p ngc ca ngt in: U N = 2U 2 Cng sut bin p: SBA = S1BA + S2BA = 3,09.U d .Id
2

A U1 U2 F R

Ud E L Wt =Li2/2 U id id t t1 t2 2 t1

eL eL =-L.(di/dt)

4.2.2 Chnh lu mt na chu k c iu khin a. Trng hp ti thun tr in p ti c tnh

1 + cos 1 Ud = 2U 2 sint.dt = 0,45U 2 2 2
A U1 F U
2

Ud 0 2

Xk Id

t t

b. Xt trng hp ti in cm in p ti c tnh
1 Ud = 2
+

cos + cos 2U 2 sin t.dt = 0,45U 2 2

Ud

A U1 U
2

U E

id

eL Xk

t2

t 2

c. Ti in cm c diode x nng lng U

A U1 U F iD0
2

T iT R L D0

id t t1 eL Ud t2 Khng diode x nng lng id t t1 eL C diode x nng lng

4.3. Chnh lu c chu k vi bin p c trung tnh

Chnh lu khng iu khin Chnh lu c iu khin Ch trng dn (chuyn mch)

4.3.1. Chnh lu khng iu khin

S v cc ng cong
A D1
Ud Id khi L=0 Id khi L= t UBF I1 UAF t 2

U1

U2 R F U2 D2

i1
E

i2

B S chnh lu c chu k vi bin p c trung tnh. D A E U1 F U

2

I2

UD1

R
a.

Ud

Thng s ca s
in p, dng in chnh lu v ngt in
1 2 2 U dtb = 2. 2U 2 sin t.dt = U 2 = 0,9.U 2 2 0 Id = I Dtb Ud Rd Id Id = ; I Dhd = 2 2 S1BA + S2BA 1,23+ 1,74 = = U d I d 1,48U d I d 2 2

U ND = 2. 2U 2 SBA

4.3.2. Chnh lu c iu khin

A
U1 T1
Ud Id t 0 0 Ud Id t 1 I1

U2 R

E
1
I1 p1 2 p2 3 p3

F
U2 T2

3
t I2 t

B
Hnh 1.2. S chnh lu c chu k vi bin p c trung tnh.

I1 t

I2 t

I2

UT1

UT1

UT1

a.

L=0

b.

L=

in p chnh lu
Ti thun tr
U dtb 1 1 + cos = 2U 2 sin t.dt =0,9.U 2 2 2 1 = 2
+

Ti in cm
U dtb

cos + cos 2U 2 sin t.dt =0,9.U 2 2

Khi dng in lin tc = Ud = 0,9 U2cos

4.3.3. Chnh lu c diode x nng lng

S v cc ng cong
Ud Id t t1 I1 t2 t3 t I2 t I2 t t

A
U1

T1 L

0 I1

U2 R F U2 T 2 D0

I2 ID0 UT1

UT1 b.

4.3.4. Hin tng chuyn mch

Ch xt chuyn mch khi dng in ti lin tc
A
U1 T1 L 0 1 Ud Id t U2 R F U2 T2 2 3 t I2 t I2 X1 I2 t X2 X1

E
I1

I1

B
I2

4.4. Chnh lu cu mt pha

Chnh lu khng iu khin Chnh lu iu khin i xng Chnh lu iu khin khng i xng

 S
NK _
D4 D2 U A B

4.4.1. Chnh lu khng iu khin

D1 NA D3 L

U,i +
E

UEF

id ti R

id ti RL

t 2 3

Thng s ca s
in p v dng in ti c hnh dng ging nh chnh lu c chu k vi BATT, do thng s ging nh trng hp trn 2 2 2 Ud = . 2 U 2 sin t.dt = U 2 = 0,9 U 2 2 0 Mt s thng s khc: Ud0 = Ud + UBA + 2.UD + Udn SBA = 1,23 Ud.Id Un = 2 U~

4.4.2. Chnh lu cu iu khin i xng S , cc ng cong

T4 T2 U A B L T1 T3 E R 0 U,i UEF id ti R

id

iT1,2 iT34

X1,2 X3,4

c im iu khin ng thi hai ngt in

S iu khin ng thi hai thrysistor
BAX W2 Mch iu khin W1 W3 D T2 (T4) D T1 (T3)

4.4.3. Chnh lu iu khin khng i xng a. c im iu khin Khc phc nhc im v iu khin ng thi hai thrysistor Ti mi thi im ch m mt thrysistor

b. S
Tu theo cch mc thrysistor c hai loi s :
NK D2 D1 R U A B T1 T2 L NA NK T2 D1 U A B T1 D2 L NA

ngt in bn dn ni cng cc tnh

ngt in bn dn ni khng cng cc tnh

Cc ng cong
N D2 U A K D1 B R Ud 0 Id IT1 t IT2 ID1 t ID2 a. b. t ID1 ID2 t 1 T1 T2 L L= t 2 23 3 t Id IT1 IT2 0 2 3 t t t t t N A N T2 K D1 Ud R L= t U A B T1 D2 L N A

Cc ng cong
Ud 0 Id IT1 t IT2 ID1 t ID2 a. t IT2 t ID1 ID2 b. t t1 t2 t3 IL=0 IL <>0 t Id IT1 Ud t t1 t2 t3 t t t t t 0

4.4.4. Nhn xt
Chnh lu cu mt pha c cht lng in tng ng chnh lu c chu k vi BATT Tng st p trn ngt in ln nn khng chn khi in p ti thp Bin p d ch to hn

iu khin chnh lu cu mt pha

+15V R3 R2 U f1 Uv U R2 f2 D3 R 4 Tr 1 C1 +12V C A2 + + A2 C1 R5 R6 -A D 3 + D4 Uv

+A 1 A1

R4 B D3 R3 Tr 1

R5

Uk

R6 A3 D D
4

+12V

+15V

R3 R2 U f1 Uv B D3 R 4

Tr 1 C1 +12V C A2 + R5 R6 -A D 3 + D4

+15V

+A 1 -

Uk D 4 R3 R2 U f2 B D3 R 4 Tr 1 C1 C A2 + +12V R5 R6 -A D 3 + +15V

Uv

+A 1 -

+15V

Mch iu khin chnh lu cu mt pha i xng

4.5 Chnh lu tia ba pha

Chnh lu khng iu khin Chnh lu c iu khin Hin tng trng dn

4.5.1. Chnh lu khng iu khin

S v hot ng ca n Cc thng s c bn ca s

a. S chnh lu tia ba pha khng iu khin

A B C F L a. D1 D2 D3 R I1 I2 I3 UD1 E Ud Id 0 1 Ud Id

50%
t

2 C

3 A

4 B

t t t t

b.

b. Chnh lu khng iu khin

S v cc ng cong U
A B C L a. D1 D2 D3 R a. D1 D2 D3
d

Id 0,5Umax

Ud Id 0
R

t1

t2

t3

t t4 t

I1 I2 I3 UT1

t t t

A B C L

b.

c. Thng s ca s
in p, dng in chnh lu v ngt in
3 U dtb = 2
5 / 6 /6

3 6 U 2f = 1,17.U 2f 2U 2f sin t.dt = 2

Ud Id Id Id = ; I Dtb = ; I Dhd = ; Rd 3 3 U ND = 2 3U 2f = 2,45.U 2f = (2,45 / 1,17)U d S1BA + S2BA 1,23 + 1,48 SBA = U d I d 1,35U d I d = 2 2 m=3

4.5.2. Chnh lu c iu khin

Nguyn tc iu khin Hot ng ca s khi ti thun tr Hot ng ca s khi ti in cm Hot ng ca s khi c diode x nng lng

a. Chnh lu c iu khin
S
A T1 A T1 B T2 B T2

T3

T3 _

_
L R

+
id

+
L R

Ud

nh ngha v gc thng t nhin

gc thng t nhin
Ud Ud Ud Id t t1 t2 t3 t4 0 t1 t2 t3 Ud
L

A B C

T1 T2 T3 R

a.

t t4

X1 X2 X3

t t t

X1 X2 X3

t t t

Xung trc gc thng t nhin

Xung sau gc thng t nhin

b. Nguyn tc iu khin
Ud Gc thng t nhin Id Ud

A B C R a.

T1 T2 T3

Id t 0 X1 t1 t2 t3 t4 t

X2

X3

c. Hot ng ca s khi ti thun tr

T1 T2 T3
Ud Id 0 t1 Ud Id

<300
Ud Id t t4 t t 0 I1 I2 I3 t1

>300
Ud Id

A B C R

I1 I2 I3

t2

t3

t t2 t3 t4 t t t t

t t

UT1

a.

UT1

b.

c.

Thng s ca s
in p chnh lu Khi ti thun tr gc m nh hn 300 5
3 U dtb = 2
6 + + 6

2U 2f sin t.dt = 1,17.U 2f cos 1 + cos + 6 2U 2f sin t.dt = 1,17.U 2f 3

Khi gc m ngt in ln hn 300

3 U dtb = 2
6

Cc thng s cn li nh chnh lu khng iu khin

d. Hot ng ca s khi ti in cm
<300
Ud

>300
Ud Id t t t1 t2 t3 t4 t t t t UT1 t UAC UAB

A B C L a.

T1
0

T2 T3 R

Id I1 I2 I3 UT1

4 t t t t t

0 Id I1 I2

Thng s ca s
in p chnh lu
3 U dtb = 2
5 + 6 + 6

2U 2f sin t.dt = 1,17.U 2f cos

e. Hot ng ca s khi c diode x nng lng

Ud A B C D L= a. R T1 0 T2 T3 Id I1 I2 I3 ID

p1 1 p1

2 p2

3p3 4

t t t t t t

3 U dtb = 2
6

1 + cos + 6 2U 2f sin t.dt = 1,17.U 2f 3

b.

4.5.3. Hin tng trng dn

Xt s c ti in cm ln cho dng in lin tc
A B C
F

T1 T2 T3 R

Ud

-UB
0 E Id

-UC

-UA

t t4 t

1 1

2 2

3 3

L= a.

I1 I2

I3

Xt trng dn hai pha A, C

Phng trmh mch in
U A U C = 2L BA di + 2RBA i dt 2 U A = U 2m sin t, U C = U 2m sin t + m U A U C = 2U 2m sin sint 900 m m
A A C L= iC a. T3 R T1 iA

Sau khi gii phng trnh trn ta c:

U 2m ( iA = sin [cos + cos t + )] X BA m

iC = Id - iA ( cos Gc trng dn c tnh t: cos + ) =

U 2m sin m

X BA I d

Trng dn gc ln hn
Hin tng
=600 -UB/2 UA UB Id Ud UC Ud Id 0

t 3

I1

Dng in p trong vng trng dn

Gi s c s trng dn hai pha A v C. khi , phng trnh in p vit cho pha A v C: T1 A UEF = UA - RBA.iA - LBA (diA/dt) A C T 3 UEF = UC - RBA.iC - LBA (diC/dt) L= iC R Cng hai biu thc trn li ta c: a. 2.UEF = UA+ UC - (RBA.iA + RBA.iA) - [ LBA (diA/dt) + LBA (diC/dt)] in tr bin p nh nn RBA.iA + RBA.iA 0, o hm dng in khi tng v gim bng nhau nn LBA (diA/dt) + LBA (diC/dt) = 0. Do : UEF = (UA+ UC)/2 = -UB/2

iA

Hnh dng in p trong vng trng dn

Ud

UA UC (UA-UC )/2= -UB/2

UB

-UC/2

Gi tr in p chnh lu khi c xt trng dn

U d X BA .I d = U d 0 cos U = U d 0 cos 2 m

m m UC UA U = (U A U dN )d t = 2 U A 2 d t 2 0 0 X .I U = BA d 2 m

Mt s nhn xt
Cht lng dng in mt chiu chnh lu tia ba pha tt hn cc loi chnh lu mt pha Dng in chy qua ngt in nh hn, pht nhit t hn Bin p c ch to l loi ba pha ba tr

4.6. Chnh lu cu ba pha

Chnh lu khng iu khin Chnh lu iu khin i xng Chnh lu iu khin khng i xng

4.6.1. Chnh lu khng iu khin

a. S : M t s : Hai nhm ngt in NA mc chung cathode cho in p dng, NK mc chung anode cho in p m
A B C NK D2 D4 D6 D1 D3 D5 L NA

+ E

b. Hot ng ca s A
Uf 0
A BC NK D2 D4 iAB D6 D1 D3 D5 L NA

E
B C A

2 3

6 7F
13,4%

Ud

t Id I1 I3 I5 I2 I4 I6 t t t t t

c. Thng s ca s
in p, dng in chnh lu v ngt in
6 U dtb = 2
4 / 6 /3

2.3 6 3 2U 2f sin t.dt = U 2f = 2.1,17.U 2f 2

Ud Id Id Id = ; I Dtb = ; I Dhd = ; Rd 3 3 U ND = 2 3U 2f = 2,45.U 2f = (2,45 / 2.34)U d SBA = 1,05.U d I d m=6

4.6.2. CHnh lu iu khin i xng a. S

A B C

A B C NK T2 T4 T1 T3 T5 NA

T2 T4 T6

a b

T1 T3 T5

T6

S nguyn l mch ng lc

Ba cch cp xung iu khin

Cp hai xung iu khin dng th t pha, hai xung iu khin khng ng th t pha, ba xung iu khin nh bng di t XC X X1-4 X6-1 X3-6 X2-3 X5-2 X4-5 t XC X X1-6 X6-3 X3-2 X2-5 X5-4 X4-3 t XC X X1-4-6 X6-1-3 X3-6-4 X2-3-5 X5-2-4 X4-5-1

1 X1 2 X6 3 X3 4 X2 5 X5 6 X4

1 X1 2 X6 3 X3 4 X2 5 X5 6 X4

1 X1 2 X6 3 X3 4 X2 5 X5 6 X4

A BC NK T2 T4 F T6 R T1 NA T3 T5 L E

ng th t pha

Ngc th t pha

3 xung iu khin

XC

X X1-4 X6-1 X3-6 X2-3 X5-2 X4-5

XC

X X1-6 X6-3 X3-2 X2-5 X5-4 X4-3

XC

X X1-4-6 X6-1-3 X3-6-4 X2-3-5 X5-2-4 X4-5-1

1 X1 2 X6 3 X3 4 X2 5 X5 6 X4

1 X1 2 X6 3 X3 4 X2 5 X5 6 X4

1 X1 2 X6 3 X3 4 X2 5 X5 6 X4

b. c im iu khin
NK A B C T2 T4 T6 T1 T3 T5 T2 T4 T6 A B C T1 T3 T5 NA

XC

X X1-4 X6-1 X3-6 X2-3 X5-2 X4-5

T2 T4 T6 T2 T4 T6

A B C T1 T3 T5

1 X1 2 X6 3 X3 4 X2 5 X5 6 X4

A B C T1 T3 T5 T2 T4 T6 A B C T1 T3 T5 T2 T4 T6

A B C T1 T3 T5

i th t dn ca cc thrysistor

A BC NK T2 T4 T6 R T1 NA T3 T5 L
Ud Uf 0 A

= 300
B C A t

Id

XC

X X1-4 X6-1 X3-6 X2-3 X5-2 X4-5

t I1 I3 I5 I2 I4 I6 UT1 X4 X1-4 X6 X3-6 X4-5 X2 X1 X6-1 X3 X2-3 X5 X5-2 X4 t t X4-5 t t t t t

1 X1 2 X6 3 X3 4 X2 5 X5 6 X4

V d cho cc trng hp gc m ln hn
= 600
Uf A B C A

= 900
A Uf t t B C A

Ud

Ud

t d.

A BC NK T2 T4 T6 R T1 NA T3 T5 L
Ud Id Uf 0 A B C A t

XC

X X1-4 X6-1 X3-6 X2-3 X5-2 X4-5

t I1 I3 I5 I2 I4 I6 UT1 X1-4 X6 X3-6 t t X2 X1 X6-1 X3 X2-3 X5 X5-2 t t t t t

1 X1 2 X6 3 X3 4 X2 5 X5 6 X4

iu khin khng ng th t pha

A BC N K T 4 T6 R T2 T1 N T A
3

=30
0

Uf 0

A 1 2

B 3 4

C 5 6

A t 7

T5 L

Ud

t 1 2 3 4 5 6

XC X1 X6 X3 X2 X5 X4

X X1-6 X6-3 X3-2 X2-5 X5-4 X4-3

I1 I3 I5 I2 I4 I6 X1-6 X6 X3-4 X1 X6-3 X3 X2-5 X2 X5-4 X5

Id t X4-1 t t t t X4 t t

=60
Uf 0 A 1 B 2 3 C 4 5 A 6
0

t 7

Ud

t I1 I3 I5 I2 I4 I6 X1-6 X6 X3-4 X1 X6-3 X3 X2-5 X2 X5-4 X4 X5 X4-1 t t t t t t

4.6.3. Chnh lu iu khin khng i xng

S
NK
D1 D2 D3 R T1 T2 T3 L

NA

NKT1
T2 T3 R L

D1 D2 D3

NA

a)

b)

Hot ng
Uf 0
D1 D2 D3 R T1 T2 T3 L

=30
A 1 1 B 0 2 2 C 3 3 A 4 t

Ud Id t IT1 IT2 IT3 ID1 ID2 ID3 t X1 X2 X3 t t t t

a.

b.

Khi gc m ln
. S
D1 D2 D3 R T1 T2 T3 L

=90
0

Uf 0 Ud

A t

Id t IT1 IT2 IT3 ID1 ID2 ID3 1 1 2 2b. 3 3 4 t X1 X2 X3 t t t t

Chnh lu cu ba pha iu khin khng i xng a- s ng lc, b- gin cc ng cong

4.7 Chnh lu tia su pha

S chnh lu khng iu khin Chnh lu c iu khin

4.7.1. Chnh lu khng iu khin

a. S
* * * F R A B C L * A* * * a. B* C* D4 D5 D6
b.

D1 D2 D3

C*

A*

B*

b. Thng s ca s
in p, dng in chnh lu v ngt in /3 6
U dtb = 2 / 6

2U 2f sin t.dt = 1,35.U 2f

Ud Id Id Id = ; I Dtb = ; I Dhd = ; Rd 6 6 U ND = 2. 2U 2f SBA = 1,26.U d I d m=6

4.7.2. Chnh lu c iu khin

S
* * * R A B C L * A* * * a. B* C* T4 T5 T6 b. T1 T2 T3 t U A C* B A* C B*

4.8. Chnh lu cht lng cao

Chnh lu 1 pha
Chnh lu c s
U,i T4 T2 U A B L id T1 t F T3 E R 0 2 3 UEF id ti R

iT1,2 iT34

X1,2 X3,4

S tng ng CL - BA
D4 D2 F U A B D1 D3 E 0 R L 2 3 t UEF U,i id ti R

UV
A

T3
F

T4
E

T1 ZT

T2

Chnh lu dng tranzitor

S
UV
A
0 2 3 U,i UEF id ti R

T3
B

T4

E
id

T1 ZT

T2
iT1,2 iT34

Chnh lu cu ba pha
Uf 0 A B C A t

Ud t

A BC NK T2 T4 T6 R T1 NA T3 T5 L
Ud Uf 0 A

= 300
B C A t

Id

XC

X X1-4 X6-1 X3-6 X2-3 X5-2 X4-5

t I1 I3 I5 I2 I4 I6 UT1 X4 X1-4 X6 X3-6 X4-5 X2 X1 X6-1 X3 X2-3 X5 X5-2 X4 t t X4-5 t t t t t

1 X1 2 X6 3 X3 4 X2 5 X5 6 X4

4.9. Thit k mch iu khin

4.9.1. Mch iu khin thrysistor n gin
ZT Ud D VR ZT Ud R1 U1 T U1 T UJT iT C a) U U2 t t1 UC UUJT t1 UC d) U U2 t b) R2 C VR D0 D

iT

c)

Thit k mch iu khin theo nguyn tc thng ng. a. Nguyn l iu khin.

Uf t

Urc

Uk t

Xk Ud

t t t1 t2 t3 t4 t5

Nguyn l iu khin chnh lu.

b. S khi mch iu khin.

S khi.

Uk ng pha So snh To xung

S khi mch iu khin

Chc nng ca cc khu Khu ng pha c nhim v to in p ta Urc (thng gp l in p dng rng ca tuyn tnh) trng pha vi in p anode ca thrysistor. Khu so snh nhn tn hiu in p rng ca v in p iu khin, c nhim v so snh gia in p ta vi in p iu khin Uk, tm thi im hai in p ny bng nhau (Uk = Urc). Ti thi im hai in p bng nhau, th pht xung u ra gi sang tng khuch i Khu to xung c nhim v to xung ph hp m thrysistor. Xung m thrysistor c yu cu: sn trc dc thng ng, m bo yu cu thrysistor m tc thi khi c xung iu khin (thng gp loi xung ny l xung kim hoc xung ch nht); rng (vi rng xung ln hn thi gian m ca thrysistor); cng sut; cch ly gia mch iu khin vi mch ng lc (nu in p ng lc qu ln).

Dng xung ph hp m thrysistor

Xk Xk

t tx tx

Xk t tx

tx >tm; thng tm trong khong 100 200 s

Sai

Cc khu c bn
Khu ng pha dng diode v t
-E R2 A U1 U2 D R1 B D2 C C UA

0
U rc

t1

2
U RC

a.

b.

ng pha dng tranzitor v t

-E
R1 +E R2 GHEP QUANG D C Ura Uv

R2 Tr A U1 U2 R1 D
U

Ura

b.

UA t

a.

URC c.

ng pha dng khuch i tuyn tnh

Tr R2 C1 UB R3 A2 C Ura URC a. b. t t UA t

A U1

R1 A1

D1

Khu ng pha dng KTT. a- s ; b- cc ng cong in p cc khu.

Khu so snh dng tranzitor

-E Uk R3 R1 Urc Uk R2 Tr Ura t1 t11 t2 Ura -Uk t3 t4 t Urc t

a.

So snh dng KTT

R1 Urc Uk R2 A3 + Uk Ura -Uk b. Urc Uk R1 R2 A + Ura Ura t1 t2 t3 t4 t Urc t

c.

Khu khuch i
UV
+E D R Uv Tr BAX

t Xk iC t1 Xk t2 t3 t4 t

iC

a.

Khu so snh vi khuch i mc darlington

BAX D0 Tr1 Tr2 Uv D

b.

S c t ghp tng
UV
BAX D0

iC ib
Tr2

t t1 t2 t3 t4 t

ib
Uv D

Tr1

iC

c.

Xk UC

4.9.2. Thit k mch iu khin bng mch s.

Nguyn l iu khin
UAT t

Xh n.Xh X Xk Ura t

t t

S khi mch iu khin bng mch s

F X Xh K-TX

S khi iu khin thrysistor trong mch chnh lu bng mch s

S v d mt mch iu khin
+15V Tr R2 D3
1

C1 A U A R1 A1 + B D1

R5 A3 D C R4 Uk +

C 2

T3 T2

R3

A2

D 2

A6 +

+15V

R3

Tr 1 C1 R5 -A + R4 + C A2 Uk AND

R2 + Uv U
f1

A1

D3

Nguyn l hot ng ca s

UB t UC Urc UD UE UF Xk Ud t1 t2 t3 t4 t5 t t t t Uk t

Gin cc ng cong mch iu khin.

UA

S khng chm xung

UA t

UB

t Urc

UC

Udk t

UD

Xk Ud

t t1 t2 t3 t4 t5

Gin cc ng cong mch iu khin

V d iu khin chnh lu hai na chu k

+15V Tr1 C1 +12V A2 + + C R5 R6 - A D 3 + D4

R3 R2 U f1 Uv U + R f2 2 A
1

C2

+A -

D3 R 4

T r
2

T r
3

T1

R4 B D3 R3 Tr
1

A2

+12V

Uk

S mch iu khin chnh lu mt pha c chu k

R5

R6 A3 D

T r T r
2 3

T2

C2

+15V

c im iu khin chnh lu tia ba pha S khc nhau gia mch iu khin chnh lu mt pha vi mch chnh lu ba pha ch in p ng pha a vo. Gc thng t nhin ca mch chnh lu ba pha dch pha so vi in p pha mt gc l 300 (nu lnh m thrysistor trc thi im gc thng t nhin ny thrysistor khng dn, v thrysistor pha trc ang dn, in p ang cn dng hn). Do , in p ta lm nn a vo m thrysistor cng cn dch pha mt gc 300. dch pha in p ng pha i mt gc 300 cn ni bin p ng pha c s cp ni tam gic. Khi in p th cp mi pha bin p trng pha vi in p dy (in p dy dch pha so vi in p pha mt gc l 300, UAC`

To in p ng pha ca chnh lu tia ba pha

Gc thng t nhin UB UA

UC t

30
0

UAC

U 2

1 2

1 t

Xc nh gc thng t nhin v khong dn ca thrysistor trong chnh lu ba pha.

c im iu khin chnh lu cu ba pha Th t cp xung iu khin nh hnh bn

NK
A BC T2 T4 T6 T1 T3 T5

A BC T2 T4 T6 T1 T3 T5

NA
A BC T2 T4 T6 T1 T3 T5

A BC T2 T4 T6 T1 T3 T5 T2 T4 T6 A BC T1 T3 T5 T2 T4 T6

A BC T1 T3 T5

i th t dn ca cc thrysistor

iu khin kiu m xung iu khin

UA

UB

UC t

XT1 XT6 XT3 XT2 XT5 XT4 XC

XC

X XC X XC X XC X XC X

t t t t t t

Cp xung iu khin chnh lu cu ba pha i xng bng cch m xung iu khin

iu khin bng chm xung iu khin

UA

UB

UC t

XT1 XT6

t t

XT3 XT2 XT5 XT4

t t t t

Cp xung iu khin chnh lu cu ba pha i xng bng chm xung iu khin

S v d mch iu khin s
15V
4 8 6 2 1

R8 C6 R9 D3 P D5 Q D6

3 555

15V U VR1
f

D1 N1
LM324

D2
6

15V 14 R7 M N
6

D4 Tr1 Tr2

R1 R 2 A C1 R3

N2
4070

C2 N3 E R4 D 4001

N4
4070

N5 F G 11 4020 14
10

4001 4001

J L

C4 R6 C5

556

15V Uk

H 4

N7
4001

6 5

8 4

9 10

N6

16 8 3,5,1 4 9 4046 4 11 6 10

K VR2

C3

R5

Gin ng cong
UA t

UB UC UD UE UF UK UH UG UJ UL UM UN UP UQ

t t t t t t t t t t t t t t

in p hn sin UA t li in cung cp cho b chnh lu, ng thi cung cp cho mch iu khin qua bin p, a ti u vo ca vi mch so snh (N1), u ra UB ca N1 a ti cng khng ng tr 4070 (N2), nhm to in p UC mt du. Phn t NOR (N3) cng vi cng khng ng tr N4 to ra tn hiu UF a vo chn 11 ca vi mch 4020 lm tn hiu RESET u mi na chu k ca sng in p li ca mi pha. in p iu khin (Uk) c a vo chn 9 ca vi mch 4046 to ra tn hiu dao ng UK vi tn s cao chn 4, vi mch 4046 lm vic ch VCO, tn s xung fx ca in p u ra (UK) c iu khin bng in p VCO (Uk). Nh vy tu vo s thay i in p Uk m tn s fx ca tn hiu u ra UK cng thay i theo. in tr ni vo chn 11 (R5, VR2) v t C3 ni gia chn 6 v chn 7 quyt nh di tn s ca tn hiu UK, in tr chn 11 t 10K1M, t C3 c gi tr t 50 F tr ln.

Tn hiu ra UK t chn 4 ca 4046 c a vo chn 10 (chn cp) ca b m 4020 thng qua cng NOR (N7) lm tn hiu m (UH). Khi bt u chu k in p, c tn hiu RESET UF (tch cc mc cao) a ti chn 11 ca b m s xo tt c cc trng thi trc ca cc u ra v mc logic 0 v th chn 14 ca 4020 (UG) cng mc logic 0. Tn hiu ny UG c a ti phn t NOR (N7) ch sn. Khi tn hiu vo th hai UK ca phn t NOR (N7) t chn 4 ca 4046 mc logic thp th in p ra UH ca phn t NOR (N7) mc cao, khi tn hiu UK mc cao th in p UH mc thp. Nh vy qua phn t NOR (N7) chm xung t u ra 4 ca 4046 b dch pha i mt na chu k xung. Chm xung ny c a vo chn 10 ca b m, b m s tin hnh m.

u ra ca b m c ly chn 14 (O9). V vy, khi b m m c 29 =512 xung th chn 14 (UG) ca b m s chuyn t mc logic 0 ln mc logic 1, tn hiu UG c mc logic cao ny a li chn 6 ca phn t NOR (N7), cho tn hiu ra UH ca N7 mc 0 kho xung a vo b m 4020. Nh vy b m khng nhn c xung m s ngng m v gi mc logic 1 ca UG ti u ra 14. UG c gi mc logic cao cho n khi c mt tn hiu RESET UF tip theo c a ti chn 11 ca b m (bi v phn t N7 kho xung u vo ca b m nn b m khng th t ng quay li m khi khng c tn hiu r chn RESET, ch khi no c tn hiu RESET UF, u ra UG ca b m mi chuyn v mc thp v b m mi bt u m li t u). `

Nh vy, thi im m thrysistor c xc nh khi ra UG ti chn 14 ca b m 4020 chuyn mc logic t 0 ln 1. Thi gian b m 4020 m c 29 UG chuyn t mc 0 ln mc 1 ph thuc vo tn s xung u vo, khi tn s xung cng ln th khong thi gian m cng nh, ngha l gc m cng nh. V ngc li nu tn s xung vo cng nh th khong thi gian m cng ln dn n gc m cng ln, m tn s u vo b m li c iu khin bi in p Uk.Vy gc m ph thuc vo in p iu khin (Uk). V th ta c th khng ch gc m bng in p iu khin (Uk).