cng n tp mn HTTTQL Cu 1: Thng tin l g? Phn bit thng tin v d liu . Cho v d.

Tr li: a) Thng tin: L nhng g em li hiu bit v mootj s vt hin tng L ngh ca d liu c rt ra sau khi nh gi hoc so snh

b) Khc nhau gia thng tin v d liu:

Thng Tin L nhng s liu hoc ti liu c

D Liu

qua x l. Nhm em li thng tin c L cc s liu hoc ti liu cha qua ngha C nga cho ngi nhn thng tin VD: VD: cng ty trong ty - Ch tiu h H chnh quy nm hc - Doanh thu ca 2010-2011 ca H kinh t Hu l trong mt thng. 1300 SV. - Doanh thu ca cng ty A nm 2010 l 80 triu ng. - S o nhit trong ngy. x l

Cu 2: Thng tin kinh t l g? Phn loi thng tin kinh t. Tr li: a) Thng tin kinh t: L cc thng tin tn ti v vn ng trong cc thit ch kinh t, cc t chc cc doang nghip nhm phn nh tnh trang kinh t ca ch th . b) Phn loi thng tin kinh t: Gm 2 phng php phn loi:

 Phn loi theo lnh vc hot ng ca thng tin Thng tin kinh t trong sn xut. Thng tin kinh t trong qun l.

Phn loi theo ni dung m thng tin phn nh TT k hoch. TT u t. TT lao ng tin lng. TT v li nhun ca DN

Cu 3: Khi nim HTTTQL.Cc thnh phn ca HTTTQL Tr li: Khi nim: HTTTQL l h thng tp hp cc yu t cng thc hin nhim v thu thp, x l, lu tr v phn phi thng tin cn thit cho cc i tng s dng thng tin trong gung my qun l. Cc thnh phn ca HTTTQL: Ti nguyn v phn cng: L ton b cng c k thut thu thp, x l v truyn t thng tin. Cc thnh phn quan trng: + MTT (b nh, b s hc, b iu chnh,b vo ra) + Mng my tnh (Gm mang: LAN,WAN,Internet) Ti nguyn phn mm:

L tng th cc chng trnh h thng, chng trnh ng dng ca HTTTQL. Bao gm phn mm c s v phn mm ng dng: Phn mm c s: Gm cc h iu hnh mng, cc h iu hnh dng cho my Phn mm ng dng: Phn mm ng dng a nng v ng dng chuyn bit.

trm, cc chng trnh tin ch. -

+ phn mm ng dng chuyn bit :(H son tho: Word; bng tnh: Excel; H qun tr CSDL: Access; Cc ngn ng lp trnh). + Phn mm ng dng chuyn bit:( K ton, my tnh, chng trnh qun l ngn hng). Ti nguyn v DL:

+ CSDL trong qun l : ( CSDL qun tr nhn lc, CSDL ti chnh, CSDL k ton, CSDL cng ngh, CSDL kinh doang) + Cu trc chnh ca h qun tr CSDL: (phn cp, Mng hay codasyl, quan h) + CSDL l tp hp cc DL lin quan n mt bi ton hay mt lnh vc no c lu tr v qun l cc thnh vin ca t chc truy cp mt cch d dng, thun tin nhanh chng. Ti nguyn nhn lc: L ch th iu hnh v s dng HTTTQL. + Ngi s dng h thng: Cc nh qun l, k ton, nhn vin phng ban. + Phn tch vin, lp trnh vin, k s bo hnh myl nhng ngi xy dng v bo tr h thng. Mng vin thng.

Cu 4: Vng i pht trin cu h thng v nhng c trng ca n. Tr li: Vng i pht trin ca h thng v nhng c trng ca n: Kho st h thng: + X vn cn gii quyt. + Lit k cc d n tim nng. + Phn tch chi ph, li ch ca cc d n v kt qu ca la chn d n tin hc pht trin. KQ: Nghin cu tnh kh thi. - Phn tch h thng: + X yu cu ca h thng.

+ M hnh ha h thng KQ: Nhng yu cu chc nng. Thit k h thng: Trnh by cc c trng k thut: + Phn cng, phn mm. + Con ngi. + Mng v cc ngun DL. + Cc kq tha mn cc yu cu chc nng c xut trn. KQ: Cc c trng k thut ca h thng. Thc hin h thng: + Ci t phn cng v phn mm. + Kim tra h thng v o to ngi iu khin v s dng h thng. + Chuyn i sang h thng mi. KQ: Ht hng hot ng. Duy trig h thng: Duy tr, nh gi v sa i h thng nu cn thit. KQ: H thng cn hon thin. Cu 5: Phng php tip cn HT.cho v d. Tr li: Phng php tip cn h thng: -Xem xt mt cch ton din cc vn kinh t, k thut v t chc ca h thng qun l. - i su vo cc vn c th trong tng lnh vc. - Phn chia thnh cc vn c th, ngy cng chi tit. => y chnh l phng php tip cn i t tng qut n c th.

Phng php tip cn h thng: L xem xt h thng trong tng th vn c ca n cng vi cc mi lin h ca cc phn h ni tng cng nh mi lin h vi cc h thng bn ngoi. V d: Cu 6: Phng php i t chc nng n m hnh ha. Cho v d Tr li: Phng php i t chc nng n m hnh ha: Phi c k hoch phn tch t m, chu o n tng khu cng vic. - Phn tch chc nng ca HTTT. - Phn tch dng thng tin kinh doanh. - M hnh ha h thng bng cc cng c m hnh ha. Thit k HTTT nu hiu qu. V d: Cu 7: Phng php phn tch h thng c cu trc. Cho v d minh ha. Tr li: Phng php phn tch h thng c cu trc: - Bt ngun vng chc t phng php tip cn h thng. - N gm tp hp cc giai on v cc cng c cho php tin hnh mt qu trnh pht trin h thng cht ch d qun l hn. Vng i pht trin ca h thng + Kho st h thng. + Phn tch h thng. +Thit k h thng. +Thc hin h thng. + Bo tr h thng. - Thng dng cc cng c m hnh ha: + S chc nng kinh doanh.

+ S dng d liu. + T in DL. + Ngn ng c cu trc. V d: Cu 8: Ti sao thit k u ra ri mi thit k u vo v CSDL Tr li: V: - u ra l nhn t quyt nh ca h thng. - u ra l nguyn nhn chnh ht hng pht trin. Cu 9: Thc th l g? Cho v d mt tp thc th c thuc tnh kha, thuc tnh m t v thuc tnh kt ni. Tr li: Thc th: l tp hp cc i tng c chung c im no m nh qun l mun lu tr thng tin v chng. V D: SINHVIEN MaSV HoTen NgaySinh GioiTinh ST MonHoc
1

LOP MaLop
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MaSV

Cu 10: Cc phng php chuyn i h thng. Tr li: Phng php 1-Chuyn i trc tip: S dng phuwong php ny cn ch dn mt s yu t sau: - Mc gn b cc thnh vin vi h thng mi. - Mc mo him ca h thng mi cao v h thng mi c th b li-> HT ngng hot ng. - Phi kim tra cht ch phn cng v phn mm ca h thng. - p dng vi h thng khng ln, phc tp va phi. PP ny ch p dng trong cc trng hp cn thit v cn phi tin hnh cc bc sau y 1) Kim tra HT mt cch cht ch. 2) D tnh kh nng khi phc li Dl. 3) Chun b k lng cc giai on ci t HT. 4) Chun b phng n x l th cng trong trng hp xu duy tr HT. 5) Hun luyn chu o cho tt c nhng ngi tham gia vo HT. 6) Chhuaanr b y cc phng tin nh: USB, a t, my in, in + Ni Dung: Dng ton b HT c, ci t v a ngay HT mi vo s dng. + u im: t tn km. + Nhc im: - Mo him - nh hng trc tip n ngi s dng.

- Phi ci t ng b. Phng php 2- pp ci t song song - Ni Dung: Ci th HT mi, Ht c vn hot ng cho ti khi HT mi ci t xong ri mi dng HT c. - u im: + t ri ro. + Cho php so snh c 2 HT c v mi. - Nhc im: + Tn km. + Gy ra s phn tn i vi ngi s dng. + Mt nhiu thi gian ci t v chnh sa HT. - Khi tin hnh pp ny cn tin hnh cc cng vic sau: + X chu k hot ng song song. + X cc th tc so snh. + Kim tra chc chn c s so snh. + Sp xp n hn s. + Lm sao thi gian vn hnh c 2 HT l ngn nht. + C 2 HT cng chy trn phn cng nh mt cch thn trng. Phng php 3-pp chuyn i tng bc th im. - Ni Dung: PP ny l bc trung gian ca pp 1 v 2 . Chuyn i t HT c sang HT mi cc b ti mt or mt vi b phn ca HT. - u im: + Hn ch ti a chi ph v cc s c. + Rt kinh nghim ci t t b phn ny cho b phn khc.

- Nhc im: + Qun l phc tp. + Chia s DL kh khn. - p dng pp ny cn p dng cc pp sau: + X l TT mi theo pp song song hay gin tip. + Kim tra HT mi p dng vo cc b phn ny c c khng. + Tin hnh sa i. + Nhn xt, so snh. Phng php 4- pp chuyn i b phn. - Ni Dung: Chuyn i dn dn mt or mt vi modul sau m rng ra ton b HT. - u im: + Hn ch thp nht cc ri ro. + Tn dng c li th ca HT mi trc khi hon chnh. - Nhc im: + Tn thi gian. + HT c v mi phi tng tch. Cu 11: Trnh by cc vn bo tr HT. Cc loi bo tr: - Sa cha or nng cp phn mm HT. - Thng c trong giai on bo hnh. - Sa i phn mm p ng vi s thay i ca mi trng. Quy trnh bo tr: B1: Nhn cc thng bo yu cu di dng phiu bo tr. B2: Phn loi li v thy i theo kiu v mc nghim trng. B3: Nhm bo tr kt hp vi qun l d n nghin cu v xut gii php khc

phc, sa i, nng cp. B4: Lp k hoch bo tr. B5: Lp trnh bo tr sa li, to gi nng cp. B6: Chuyn ni s dng v thng bo cho ban qun l d n bit. B7: Nu ni dng cha chp nhn quay v B5. B8: Nu cc li c khc phc ht v c php ca ban qun l d n s c cp nht cho d n. Kt thc bo tr. i ng bo tr: - T chc bo tr c hot ng, trch nhim nh sau: cc yu cu bo tr t ngi dng c chuyn ti ngi qun l d n. - Sau khi xem xt yu cu, ngi qun l s nh gi mc kh thi, phm vi. - Phn cng cng vic. Cu 12: M ha l g? Cc pp m ha thng dng. M ha: l dng cc k t, ch s c bit cho mnh bo mt thng tin khi truyn i. Cc pp m ha thng dng: - M kiu s: cha cc ch s t 0-9. c sd rng ri trong sut qu trnh x l t ng. - M kiu k t: VD: VND,USD + u im: Gi nh cao, ni rng d dng. + nhc im: t thun li cho tng hp v phn tch. - M kiu phn cp: Phn cp theo i tng t trn xung. M s c ko di v bn phi th hin chi tit s phn cp su hn. - M ghp ni,m vch

Cu 13: Ni dung v tm quan trng ca vic ci t phn mm. Tr li: Ni Dung: - Thay th phn mm c bng phn mm mi. - Ci thm phn mm cho h thng. Tm quan trng ca vic ci t phn mm: - Tnh hiu qu ca phn mm cao. - t tn km v chi ph v thi gian. - Tn t b nh khi ci t phn mm. - C ti liu hng dn sd mt cch d dng v tin li cho ngi sd. Cu 14: Mc tiu, tm quan trng v sp ca thit k ngoi vt l. Cu 15: Trnh by mc tiu, cng vic v sp ca giai on thit k logic.