BI 1: XC NH HNG S PHN LY CA CHT IN LY YU BNG PHNG PHP CHUN IN TH Mc ch: Tm hiu in cc thu tinh.

h. Tm hiu phng php o S cn bng ca h in ho. Tm hiu phng php chun in th. p dng phng php chun in th xc nh rng hng s phn ly ca acid yu. I. PHNG PHP xc nh hng s phn ly ca cht in ly yu bng phng php chun in th phi chun acid yu bng baz mnh. in cc thu tinh c dng lm in cc ch th pH. Gi s acid yu HA phn ly theo phng trnh HA H+ + A-+ Vi hng s cn bng Ka
K a=

[ H ][ A ]
+

HA

Trong qu trnh chun acid chuyn dn thnh mui. HA + NaOH = NaA + H2O Trc im tng ng trong h c h m HA, A -. Do nc phn ly rt yu nn c th b qua s phn ly ca nc. Nh vy ion H+ ch do acid HA phn ly ra, cn ion A- do c mui v acid phn ly ra. Ta c: [A-] = [H+] + Cmui [HA] = Cacid [H+] Biu thc ca hng s cn bng c dng H + C muoi + H + Ka = C acid H + Hay

[ ]} [ ] [ [ H ] = K C(C + [ HH ] ])
+ + a acid + muoi

[ ]{

Suy ra phng trnh tuyn tnh C H+ pH = pK a lg acid C muoi + H + T biu thc trn pKa l tung gc ca ng pH = f(X) trong C acid H + X = lg C muoi + H +

[ ] [ ]

[ ] [ ]

pH x x x x x x x X 0 pK

Nu acid rt yu (pKa>4) th [H+] << Cmui v [H+] << Cacid. Khi

pH = pK a lg X = lg C acid C muoi C acid C muoi

Trong trng hp ny ti im V = Vt mt na lng acid ban u chuyn thnh mui Cmui = Cacid v pH = pKa. y l phng php n gin nht xc nh pKa ca acid yu. Nng acid Cacid v mui Cmui ca acid n chc trong qu trnh chun c tnh nh sau:
C acid =
C muoi

V ) xC NaOH V0 + V VxC NaOH = V0 + V

(Vtd

V: th tch NaOH chun thm vo Vt: th tch NaOH chun thm vo ti im tng ng Vo: th tch acid lc ban u CNaOH: nng NaOH chun Vi acid yu nh chc ta phi tnh ring nng acid v mui cho tng nc trong qu trnh chun . Gi s Vt1 v Vt2 l th tch NaOH chun thm vo ti im tng ng th nht v th hai. Vt2 = 2Vt1

Vi nc th nht
C acid =
C muoi =

(Vtd 1 V ) xC NaOH
V0 + V
VxC NaOH V0 + V

Vi nc th hai
C acid = C muoi

(Vtd 2 V ) xC NaOH

V0 + V (V Vtd 1 ) xC NaOH = V0 + V

II. HO CHT V DNG C C2H2O4 NaOH Phenolphtalein

pH k: 1 My khuy t: 1 Cc 100 cc: 3 Buret 25 cc: 1 Pipete 10 cc: 1 Pipete 25 cc: 1 ng ong 50 cc: 1

III. THC NGHIM 1. Ly chnh xc 10 ml dung dch acid oxalic C2H2O4 0.1M cho vo bnh nn. Chun bng dung dch NaOH 0.1N vi cht ch th phenolphtalein bit Vt. Vi ch th phenolphtalein ta thy c im tng ng th hai. 2. Ly 10 ml dung dch acid oxalic C2H2O4 0.1M cho vo cc 100 ml c c t. Thm chnh xc 25 ml nc ct v th tch nc ct thm vo s dng trong php tnh hng s phn ly ca acid. t cc ln my khuy t. a in cc thy tinh vo dung dch. Ghi nhn pH. Cn thn v in cc thy tinh t tin v d v. 3. Nh tng 0.5 ml NaOH 0.1N vo dung dch acid oxalic . Khuy u. Tt my khuy. Ch n nh ri ghi nhn gi tr pH. Ghi s liu thc nghim vo bng. 4. Lp li bc 3 cho n gn im tng ng th hai. Gim lng NaOH thm vo mi ln xung cn 0.1 ml. Lp li cho n khi pH tng t ngt. Lm tip 3 im na. 5. Chun tip vi th tch dung dch NaOH thm vo mi ln l 0.5 ml. Dng khi tng th tch NaOH gp khong 1.2 ln th tch tng ng.

6. Ra sch in cc bng nc ct ri cho vo ng mao qun c cha sn KCl 3.5M. Th tch dung dch C2H2O4 (ml): Th tch nc (ml): Nng dung dch NaOH: pH VNaOH pH VNaOH V (ml) (ml)

pH

pH V

VNaOH (ml)

pH

pH V

7. Xc nh im tng ng v nng - Tnh pH /V. Dng ng tch phn pH = f(VNaOH) v ng vi phn (pH /V) = f(VNaOH). Xc nh im tng ng th hai trn hai th. Do pKa1 ca C2H2O4 nh v 2 gi tr pKa1 v pKa2 chnh nhau khng nhiu nn kh xc nh im tng ng th nht c suy ra t im tng ng th hai. - im tng ng th nht Vt1 = Vt2 : 2 - Tnh nng C2H2O4 trong cc sau khi pha long v trong dung dch ban u. 8. Xc nh Ka1 - Hng s phn ly ca acid oxalic nc th nht tng i ln (pK a1<3). Do xc nh pKa1 phi dng phng trnh C acid H + pH = pK lg C muoi + H + Khi
X = lg C acid H + C muoi + H +

[ ] [ ]

[ ] [ ]

- Tnh X: Ghi s liu vo bng. Ch cn tnh vi cc gi tr V trong khong 0.1 n 0.8 Vt1. Th tch tng ng th nht (ml): Nng dung dch NaOH: VNaOH pH Cacid Cmui

[H+]

lgX

- Dng th pH = f(X). Dng ng hi quy tuyn tnh. Xc nh pKa1 t th bng cch ly tung gc. Tnh Ka1. 9. Xc nh Ka2 - Hng s phn ly ca acid oxalic nc th hai kh nh (pKa2 > 4). Do xc nh pKa2 c th dng phng trnh

pH = pK lg

C acid C muoi

Khi

X = lg

C acid C muoi

- Tnh X. Ghi s liu vo bng. Ch cn tnh vi cc gi tr V = 1.1 n 1.8 Vt1. Th tch tng ng (ml): Nng dung dch NaOH: VNaOH pH Cacid

Cmui

[H+]

lgX

- Dng th pH = f(X). Dng ng hi quy tuyn tnh. Lu ch cn ly 3 im trc v 3 im sau st vi tung gc. Xc nh pKa2 t th bng cch ly tung gc. Tnh Ka2. - So snh gi tr Ka1, Ka2 thu c v gi tr l thuyt ( SV t tra cu s tay), t a ra nhn xt v cc phng php o v tnh p dng trong bi.

14 12 10 pH 8 6 4 2
Nh 0,5 mL Nh tng git

Nh 0,5 mL

10

20

30

40

Vbazo