Dieukhienlaptrinh 1

TRNG H S PHM K THUT TPHCM KHOA IN T
BI GING:
IU KHIN LP TRNH 1
BIN SON: GV ThS Nguyn Tn i
TP H CH MINH, NM 2007
Truong DH SPKT TP. HCM
http://www.hcmute.edu.vn
MC LC
CHNG 1: M U 1.1 GII THIU. 1.2 LOGIC BC THANG. 1.3 LP TRNH. 1.4 KT NI PLC. 1.5 NG VO LOGIC BC THANG. 1.6 NG RA LOGIC BC THANG TRANG 01 01 01 04 06 06 07 09 09 09 10 16 17 18 18 19 20 20 22 22 22 22 23 23 23 24 24 24 25 25 26 27 28 28 28 28 29 30 31 31 35 35 37 42
Ladder Logic Programming PLC Connections Ladder Logic Inputs Ladder Logic Outputs
CHNG 2: CU TRC V HOT NG CA PLC 2.1 CU TRC PHN CNG PLC. PLC Hardware 2.1.1 Gii Thiu. 2.1.2 Ng Vo v Ng Ra. 2.1.3 Relay. 2.1.4 S Ni Dy. 2.2 HOT NG CA PLC. PLC Operation 2.2.1 Gii Thiu. 2.2.2 Hot ng Tun T. HCM 2.2.3 Trng Thi PLC. TP. huat 2.2.4 B Nh. Ky t pham H Su CHNG 3: CM BIN ruong D nT 3.1 GII THIU. quye 3.2 CM BIN DY NI. Sensor Wiring Ban 3.2.1 Cng Tc. 3.2.2 TTL. 3.2.3 Rt Dng v Cp Dng. Sinking/Sourcing 3.2.4 Tip im Relay Solid State Relay. 3.3 CM BIN TIM CN. Presence Detection 3.3.1 Cng Tc Tip Xc. 3.3.2 Cng tc Li G. 3.3.3 Cm Bin Quang. 3.3.4 Cm Bin in Dung. 3.3.5 Cm Bin in Cm. 3.3.6 Dng Cht lng. CHNG 4: 4.1 GII THIU. 4.2 CUN DY. 4.3 VAL 4.4 XY LANH 4.5 THY LC. 4.6 KH NN. 4.7 NG C THIT B CHP HNH Solenoid Valve Cylinder Hydraulic Pneumatic Motor
CHNG 5: THIT K CHNG TRNH THEO LU 5.1 GII THIU. 5.2 PHNG PHP BLOCK LOGIC. 5.3 PHNG PHP SEQUENCE BIT.
Thu vien DH SPKT TP. HCM - http://www.thuvienspkt.edu.vn
CHNG 6: PLC S7 200 6.1 CU TRC PHN CNG. 6.1.1 c im chung. 6.1.2 Cc n bo. 6.1.3 Cc ng vo. 6.1.4 Cc ng ra. 6.1.5 Ngun cung cp. 6.1.6 Cng truyn thng. 6.1.7 Cc module m rng. 6.2 NGUYN L HOT NG. 6.2.1 n v x l trung tm CPU. 6.2.2 H thng BUS. 6.2.3 B nh. 6.3 CU TRC B NH. 6.3.1 Phn chia b nh. 6.3.2 Vng d liu. 6.3.3 Vng i tng. 6.3.4 Phng thc truy cp b nh. 6.4 PHNG PHP LP TRNH. HCM TP. 6.4.1 Quan h gia chng trnh v cc ng vo/ra huat Ky t 6.4.2 Khi nim v ngn ng lp trnh pham H Su 6.4.3 Phng php STL. ng D Truo 6.4.4 Phng php LAD. en 6.4.5 Phng php FBD.n quy a B CHNG 7: TP LNH S7 200 7.1 NHM LNH V TIP IM. 7.2 NHM LNH V TIMER V COUNTER. 7.2.1 Lnh Timer. 7.2.2 Lnh Counter. 7.3 NHM LNH SO SNH. 7.4 NHM LNH V CNG LOGIC. 7.4.1 Lnh AND. 7.4.2 Lnh OR. 7.5 NHM LNH V CC PHP TON LOGIC. 7.6 NHM LNH DI CHUYN V BIN I D LIU. 7.6.1 Lnh Di chuyn. 7.6.2 Lnh Tng Gim. 7.6.3 Lnh Chuyn i. 7.7 LNH V NG H THI GIAN THC. BI TP PH LC: PHN MM LP TRNH Step 7 MicroWIN 3.2/4.0 PHN MM M PHNG S7-200 Simulator 2.0
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IU KHIN LP TRNH 1
CHNG 1:
M U
1.1 GII THIU. M K thut iu khin c pht trin trong thi gian rtt lu. HC TP. Trc kia vic iu ua khin h thng ch yu do con ngi thc hin. Gn y th vic iu khin c thc K y, pham hin nh vo cc ng dng ca ngnh in, Sthc hin bng vic ng ngt tip im H u n D relay. Cc relay s cho php ng ngt g Truo cng sut khng cn dng cng tc c kh. Ta thng s dng relay to yen cc thao tc iu khin ng ngt logic n gin. S u nn an q B xut hin ca my tnh in t to mt bc tin mi trong iu khin K thut iu khin lp trnh PLC. PLC xut hin vo nhng nm 1970 v nhanh chng tr thnh s la chn cho vic iu khin sn xut. PLC c nhiu li th trong nh my, bao gm: - Gim gi thnh i vi cc h thng phc tp. - Mm do v d thay th khi cn thay i h thng iu khin. - Kh nng kt hp vi my tnh cho php iu khin cc h thng tinh vi. - Kh nng h tr x l s c lm cho vic lp trnh d dng v nhanh chng. - Kt cu chc chn v chnh xc lm cho h thng hot ng n nh v tin cy. 1.2 LOGIC BC THANG. Ladder Logic Logic bc thang l phng php lp trnh chnh cho PLC. Logic bc thang c pht trin thay th cho vic iu khin bng logic relay. Do c s iu khin bng relay nn khi chn Logic bc thang lm phng php lp trnh chnh cho PLC th vic hun luyn cho cc k s v ngi s dng s gim i rt nhiu. Cc h thng iu khin hin i ngy nay vn cn s dng relay, nhng chng khng c dng to ra mc logic m hot ng nh mt thit b in t dng ng m tip im. Cc relay c dng ng m cc ngun in cng sut ln da vo ngun nng lng nh, vn gi cch ly cc ngun ny. H thng iu khin n gin c s dng relay c minh ha trn hnh 1.1. Relay bn tri s dng tip im thng ng cho dng in qua n khi c in p cp vo u dy A. Relay gia s dng tip im thng h nn khng cho dng in qua n
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khi u dy B c in. Nu dng in qua 2 tip im ca relay A v B ri vo cun dy ca relay C th s ng tip im u ra C.
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Hnh 1.1: H thng iu khin dng relay Mch in c v li dng s logic bc thang bn di trong hnh 1.1. Trng thi logic c c l: C ng nu A m v B ng. Hnh v ny khng phi l ton b h thng iu khin, ch l s logic. Khi xem xt mt PLC, ngoi s logic cn c cc ng vo/ra, minh ha trong hnh 1.2. C 2 ng vo nt nhn, gi s s tc ng cc cun dy relay bn trong PLC, lm ng ra relay ng cp ngun 115VAC cho n sng. Lu l vi cc PLC thc t, ng vo khng s dng relay, nhng ng ra c th s dng relay. Logic bc thang trong PLC thng l cc chng trnh do ngi dng vit v hiu chnh trn my tnh. C 2 ng vo PLC l nt nhn thng h, nhng logic bc thang bn trong PLC c th s dng mt thng ng v mt thng h, khng nht thit logic bc thang ny phi ph hp vi trng thi cc ng vo/ ra.
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Hnh 1.2: PLC c s dng relay Mt s relay c nhiu ng ra nn c th s dng mt ng ra relay nh mt ng vo tc thi, to thnh mch duy tr nh trong hnh 1.3.
Hnh 1.3: Mch duy tr Trong mch ny, dng in c th chy qua c 2 nhnh l cc cng tc A v B. Ng vo B ch ng khi ng ra B c in. Nu B mt in, ng ng vo A th B s c in, lm ng vo B ng. Khi cho d ng vo A m ra nhng B vn c in nh ng vo B duy tr. Sau khi ng vo B ng th khng th tt in B c.
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1.3 LP TRNH. Programming Cc PLC trc kia c lp trnh bng k thut s dng cc s ni dy relay. Do khng cn phi hng dn nhiu cho cc th in, k thut vin, k s cch lp trnh trn my tnh, nn y cng l k thut lp trnh thng dng cho PLC ngy nay. Xt v d trn hnh 1.4.
HCM TP. Hnh 1.4: S logic bc thang n at hu gin Ky t ham Gi s ngun ni vi ng dy bn tri HOT,pgi l dy nng, bn phi l dy trung H Su tnh. S c 2 nhnh, mi nhnh lumt D hp cc ng vo v ng ra. ong t Tr n th cng sut s chy t dy nng qua cc ng vo, kt Nu cc ng vo ng hocum q ye Ban in cho ng ra. hp vi dy trung tnh cp
Ng vo PLC c th c kt ni vi cc cm bin hoc cng tc. Ng ra PLC s ni vi cc thit b trung gian ng ngt cc ti bn ngoi nh n, ng c. Trong nhnh trn, cng tc A thng h v B thng ng, ngha l nu A ng v B m th dng in s chy qua cng tc A v B tc ng n ng ra X, cc trng thi khc ca A v B s lm X mt in. Gii thch tng t cho hot ng ca nhnh bn di. C nhiu phng php lp trnh khc nhau cho PLC. Mt trong nhng k thut l s dng lnh gi nh. Cc lnh ny xut pht trc tip t s logic bc thang v c nhp vo PLC bng mt thit b lp trnh. Xt v d trn hnh 1.5. Trong v d ny, cc lnh c c ln lt t trn xung di. Dng 00000 c lnh LDN (input load not) cho ng vo 00001. Lnh ny xc nh mt ng vo ni vi PLC, nu n m th s to mt gi tr 1, v ngc li s to gi tr 0. Dng tip theo 00001 s dng lnh LD (input load) xc nh gi tr ng vo, nu ng vo ny m th to gi tr 0 v ngc li s to gi tr 1. Lnh AND s dng li 2 s c to ra bn trn, nu chng cng bng 1 th s to ra gi tr 1, cn c mt ng vo bng 0 th to gi tr 0. Gi tr ny s thay th cho 2 kt qu trn v lc ny ch cn mt kt qu ca lnh AND c gi li. Qu trnh ny s lp li vi cc hng 00003 v 00004, sau khi thc hin xong s c 3 s c lu li. Lnh AND trong hng 00005 s AND kt qu ca hng 00003 v 00004, to ra 1 kt qu mi. Lnh OR trong hng 00006 s OR kt qu ca 2 lnh AND cc hng trn. Lc ny ch cn 1 kt qu lu li.
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Lnh ST (store ouput) trong hng 00007 s lu li kt qu sau cng. Nu kt qu ny bng 1 th ng ra 00107 s tc ng, nguc li ng ra ny khng tc ng. Chng trnh logic bc thang trong hnh 1.5 tng ng vi chng trnh gi nh va phn tch trn. Thm ch nu ta lp trnh cho PLC bng logic bc thang th n c th s c chuyn v dng gi nh trc khi c PLC s dng.
B Ngoi ra, th hm dy SFC (Sequential Function Chart) c s dng h tr vic lp trnh cho nhng h thng phc tp hn. SFC tng t nh lu nhng hiu qu hn rt nhiu. Xt v d trong hnh 1.6. V d ny thc hin 2 vic khc nhau. c lu , ta bt u t v tr Start. PLC s bt u sau 2 ng ngang bn di, thc hin c lp v cng lc trn 2 nhnh tri phi. Nhnh bn tri c 2 hm l power up v power down, nhnh phi c hm flash. Mi hm l 1 chng trnh logic bc thang. Phng php ny khc vi lu ch n khng thc hin theo 1 ng t khi ny n khi kia.
T Hnh 1.5: Chng trnh gi nh v S logic bc thang tng ng yen u an q
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Hnh 1.6: Lu hm dy
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Cui cng, chng trnh dng vn bn c pht trin v c xem l cch lp trnh hin i nht. Cu trc n tng t nh ngn ng Basic. Xt v d sau: N7:0 :=0; REPEAT N7:0 :=N7:0 +1; UNTIL N7:0 >=10 END_REPEAT; V d ny s dng vng nh N7:0 ca PLC. y l vng nh cha cc s nguyn. Lnh u tin t cc gi tr vng nh v 0. Cc lnh tip theo s tng gi tr vng nh ln 1 n v, khi gi tr ny ln hn hoc bng 10 th thot khi vng lp. 1.4 KT NI PLC. PLC Connections Khi s dng PLC iu khin 1 qu trnh no , ta s dng cc cm bin ni vi ng vo PLC, ng ra PLC s iu khin cc thit b chp hnh, nh hnh 1.7.
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Hnh 1.7: Kt ni PLC y l qu trnh x l thc, thay i lin tc theo thi gian. Cc thit b chp hnh s lm h thng thay i sang cc trng thi mi, c ngha l h thng s c gii hn iu khin bi cc cm bin u vo. Nu 1 ng vo khng tc ng th b iu khin khng th nhn bit c trng thi h thng. Vng iu khin ny l 1 chu k lin tc ca PLC, gm vic c cc d liu u vo, thc hin logic bc thang v lm thay i ng ra theo ng vo. 1.5 NG VO LOGIC BC THANG. Ladder Logic Inputs Cc ng vo ca PLC c biu din d dng trong chng trnh logic bc thang. Xt hnh 1.8, c 3 loi ng vo gm 2 cng tc thng h v thng ng v 1 hm IIT (Immediate InpuT). Hm IIT cho php c ng vo ngay sau khi n c qut, trong khi logic bc thang vn ang qut. iu ny cho php logic bc thang xc nh cc gi tr u vo thng xuyn hn trong mi chu k.
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Hnh 1.8: Ng vo PLC 1.6 NG RA LOGIC BC THANG Ladder Logic Outputs Trong logic bc thang, c nhiu loi ng ra khc nhau nhng chng khng ph hp HCM cho tt c cc PLC. Mt s ng ra kt ni bn ngoi PLC,at TP. phn ln chng s nhng hu dng cc vng nh bn trong PLC. C 6 loi ng ram Ky tby trong hnh 1.9. trnh a
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Hnh 1.8: Ng ra PLC Ng ra X-OSR (one shot relay) s ng trong 1 vng qut khi pht hin trng thi ng vo ng. Khi cun dy L c cp in n s chuyn X sang trng thi ng cho n khi cun dy U c cp in. Hot ng ny tng t 1 FF, v n vn gi trng thi cho d ta tt PLC. Mt s PLC cho php s dng lnh xut ng ra tc thi IOT (Immediate OupuT) m khng cn ch qut xong chng trnh. TM TT:
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V D: V s iu khin relay s dng 3 cng tc iu khin 1 bng n. C 2 cch thc hin: - Cch 1:
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CHNG 2:
CU TRC V HOT NG CA PLC
2.1 CU TRC PHN CNG PLC. PLC Hardware 2.1.1 Gii Thiu. PLC c nhiu cu hnh khc nhau, tuy nhin chng u c chung cc M thnh phn sau: - Ngun cung cp: c th tch hp sn bn trong PLC hoc TP. Hring bn ngoi. C lm C huat nhiu cp in p khc nhau ty loi PLC, gm 110VAC hoc 220VAC hoc Ky t pham 24VDC. H Su D - CPU (Central Proceesoing Unit): ng l b x l trung tm lm vic nh 1 my Truo y tnh, dng lu tr vuxn chng trnh logic bc thang. ye l an q B - I/O (Input/Ouput): phi kt ni cc ng vo/ra PLC c th gim st cc qu trnh v a ra cc tc ng thch hp. - n bo: dng ch bo trng thi PLC, gm ngun, chy chng trnh, li h thng. Cc cnh bo ny rt cn thit trong chn on s c. Cu trc tng qut PLC nh hnh 2.1.
Hnh 2.1: Cu trc PLC Mt CPU bao gm cc thnh phn nh hnh 2.2.
Hnh 2.2: Cu trc CPU
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Cu hnh ca PLC lin quan n cc thnh phn ca n, cu hnh tiu biu cho cc loi khc nhau cho trn hnh 2.3.
Hnh 2.3: Cc loi PLC Rack: y l loi ln, c th gn nhiu card khc nhau v c th M ni nhiu rack kt P. HC vi nhau. Loi ny gi thnh cao nhng linh hot v duat T dng. bo th y ca rack nhng c kch thc K Mini: tng t cc PLC thc hin tng chcanng h m Su p nh hn. g DH uo cc Micro: y l loi nh, thng rc n ng vo/ra c nh v kh nng c hn, gi nT thnh thp. quye an
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2.1.2 Ng Vo v Ng Ra. PLC nhn cc ng vo v tc ng n ng ra gim st v iu khin cc qu trnh. Cc ng vo v ng ra c th phn chia thnh 2 loi tiu biu: logic v lin tc. V d xt 1 bng n, nu n ch c tt m th ta ni bng n c iu khin logic, nu bng n c chnh sng ti khc nhau th ta ni n c iu khin lin tc. Cc gi tr lin tc ph thuc nhiu vo trc gic, nn iu khin logic vn c s dng nhiu hn do n cho kt qu xc nh v d iu khin hn. D nhin chn loi no th cn ty thuc vo yu cu iu khin. Phn ln PLC s dng cc ng vo/ra logic cho cc ng dng iu khin. Ng ra PLC c kt ni vi cc thit b chp hnh iu khin h thng, cc thit b ny bao gm: solenoid valve, light, motor starter, servo motor. Ng ra PLC thng s dng relay hoc cc transistor cho ti DC v Triac cho ti AC. Cn cc ng ra lin tc cn c card chuyn i gia tng t v s. Ng vo PLC nhn tn hiu t cc cm bin. Cm bin c nhim v chuyn i tn hiu vt l thnh tn hiu in. Cc loi cm bin khc nhau gm: cng tc tip xc, cng tc, chit p, - Ng vo: Cc PLC loi nh, ng vo thng c tch hp bn trong v c xc nh khi mua PLC. Cc PLC ln hn, cc ng vo c gn dng module hoc card m rng. in p ng vo PLC gm nhiu di khc nhau ty loi PLC, bao gm:
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12 24 VDC 24VDC 100 120VAC 48VDC 12 24 VAC/DC 200 240 VAC Card ng vo PLC khng h tr ngun nn phi c mch ngun bn ngoi cp cho ng vo v cm bin. Xt v d mch kt ni card AC vi ng vo trn hnh 2.4.
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Hnh 2.4: Card ng vo AC v Logic bc thang Mch trn c 2 ng vo gm 1 cng tc thng h v 1 cng tc nhit, u c ni vi dy HOT ca ngun cung cp 24VAC. Khi cng tc h, khng c ngun cp cho ng vo ca card, khi c 1 trong 2 cng tc ng th ng vo 01 hoc 03 s c cp in. Card ny s so snh gi tr in p ng vo 01 v 03 vi chn chung (c ni vi dy trung tnh), nu c s lch p gia cc ng vo ny v chn chung th ng vo s ng. Logic bc thang ca 2 ng vo c v bn di trong hnh 2.4. C nhiu yu t khc nhau nh hng n vic chn loi card vo no, bao gm: - in p ngun DC thng c gi tr thp 12 24V nn an ton hn. - Ng vo DC p ng nhanh hn AC. - in p DC c th kt ni vi nhiu h thng ln hn. - Tn hiu AC min nhiu tt hn so vi DC nn ph hp cho ng truyn di, mi trng nhiu. - Ngun AC d thc hin v gi thp hn. - Tn hiu AC thng dng hn trong cc thit b t ng.
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Mch in tiu biu cho ng vo PLC minh ha trong hnh 2.5.
Hnh 2.5: Mch in ng vo PLC Ng ra:

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Tng t nh ng vo, ng ra PLC khng dng cung cp ngun m n hot ng nh 1 cng tc. Ngun bn ngoi s cp cho card ng ra v n s ng ngt cho tng ng ra. in p tiu biu cho ng ra c nhiu gi tr khc nhau: 12 48VAC 5VDC (TTL) 120VAC 24VDC 230VAC 12 48VDC Card ng ra c th s dng relay, transistor hoc triac. Ng ra relay l dng linh hot nht cho vic s dng thit b. Chng c kh nng p ng cho c ti AC v DC nhng kh nng p ng chm (10ms), kch thc ln, chi ph cao, tui th ngn v gy nhiu. Ng ra transistor ch s dng cho ti DC. Ng ra triac ch s dng cho ti AC. Mch in ng ra PLC c v trn nh hnh 2.6. Cn lu khi kt ni h thng vi ti AC v DC. Nu ngun AC c ni vi ng ra DC dng transitor th n ch ng trong bn k + lm cho in p ra ti b gim i. Nu ngun DC c ni vi ng ra AC s dng triac th n s ng ti lm vic v ta khng th tt ng ra nu khng tt PLC. Mt vn ln cn quan tm i vi ng ra l s dng cc ngun kt hp. S rt tt nu ta cch ly c cc ngun v gia cc chn mass ring bit nhau, nhng rt kh lm vic ny. Cc ng ra relay cho php chng s dng chn mass ring. Nhng cc loi card ra khc yu cu cc ng ra trn mi card s dng chung chn mass.
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Hnh v 2.7 minh ha card ra 24VDCos dng chn mass chung. g DH ru n Card loi ny thng dng transitor lm ng ra rt dng. nT quye Trong mch ny, ng Banca card c ni vi bng n cng sut nh v mt cun ra dy ca relay. Xt mch iu khin bng n: nu ng ra 07 ng th dng in chy t ngun 24V qua n vo ng ra 07 ri v mass n sng. Nu ng ra m th h mch, n tt. Xt mch iu khin ng c: cun dy ca relay c ni vi ng ra 03 tng t nh bng n, nn khi ng ra ng th cun dy relay c in ng tip im relay cp ngun 120VAC lm ng c hot ng. Tng t cho cc ng ra cp dng v ng ra relay trong cc hnh 2.8 v 2.9.
Hnh 2.6: Mch in ng rayPLC am K

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Hnh 2.7: Card ng ra 24VDC (Rt dng)
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Hnh 2.8: Card ng ra 24VDC (Cp dng)
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Hnh 2.9: Card ng ra Relay 2.1.3 Relay. Mc d relay t c dng trong iu khin logic nhng chng vn hiu qu trong ng m cc ti cng sut ln. Mt s thut ng quan trng cn quan tm trong iu khin relay: - Contactor: l loi relay c bit dng ng ngt cc ti c dng rt ln. - Motor starter: s dng contactor mc ni tip vi relay chu qu ti ct khi c dng qu ln i qua. - Arc supppression: khi mt relay ng ngt s xut hin h quang, c bit vi cc ti c dng ln. i vi ngun AC c th khc phc bng cch ng ngt ngay thi im 0V. Cn vi ngun DC ta c th gim h quang bng cch thi kh p sut cao qua tip im ang ng m. - AC coils: khi cun dy relay c iu khin bng ngun AC th tip im ca n s ng m dao ng vi cng tn s ngun AC. Khc phc hin tng ny bng cch thm vo relay mt cc shading.
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2.1.4 S Ni Dy. Khi thit k mt t iu khin, s logic bc thang s c xy dng lm ti liu cho vic ni dy. S ni dy c v trn hnh 2.10.
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Hnh 2.10: S ni dy bc thang H thng c cp ngun 110VAC hoc 220VAC ti cc ng L1 v N. Cc ng ca s s c nh s v cc s ny s c dng nh s dy dn khi thc hin ni dy phn in cho h thng.
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Cng tc trc ng 010 l cng tc chnh cp ngun cho h thng. Cu ch dng gii hn dng in cho h thng. ng 020 ca s dng iu khin cng sut n ng ra. Nt nhn thng ng Stop, nt nhn thng h Start. PLC nhn cng sut t ng 30 trn s . Ng vo ca PLC u l AC t ng 040 n 070. Trong s ni dy, vic chn cc nt nhn thung ng v thng h cho nt Stop v Start l c ch . Xt ng 020, nu nt Stop c nhn n s m tip im ct ng cp ngun n relay nn ng ra s tt. Nu nt nhn ny b h vn khng c ngun cp n ng ra nn h thng vn an ton. Nu nt nhn ny l thng h, khi n b h s ng li lm h thng s hot ng v ta khng th tt h thng. 2.2 HOT NG CA PLC. PLC Operation 2.2.1 Gii Thiu. M hnh iu khin relay ca PLC ch ph hp vi cc chng trnh n gin. Vi cc chng trnh phc tp cn c cc m hnh phc tp hn cho PLC. Khi , m hnh PLC tng t nh mt my tnh. Xt s my tnh nh hnh 2.11.
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Hnh 2.11: Cu trc n gin ca my tnh Tn hiu ng vo t Keyboard v Mouse, tn hiu ng ra c a n Screen, Disk v Memory c s dng lu tr cho c ng vo v ng ra. S ny c v li r hn nh hnh 2.12. Trong s ny, d liu a vo h thng t bn tri, qua cc ng vo. Sau d liu qua mch m vo CPU. Sau khi x l, CPU s xut d liu n ng ra qua mch m ng ra. a cng v b nh c dng lu tr d liu. PLC hot ng tng t my tnh, c so snh nh sau: - Ng vo: bn phm tng t vi cc cng tc tim cn. - Mch in ng vo tng t card ng vo. - CPU my tnh tng t CPU ca PLC. - Mch in ng ra tng t card ng ra. - Ng ra: mn hnh my tnh tng t n bo PLC.
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K 2.2.2 Hot ng Tun T. ham Su p chu trnh hot ng gm 4 giai on. DH Tt c PLC u hot ng theo chu trnh lp, mi uong rPLC s t kim tra li phn cng v phn mm. - Giai on 1: sau khi bt ngun, nT quye li n s c ton b gi tr ng vo v cha vo b - Giai on 2: nu khng c Ban nh, giai on ny gi l c ng vo. - Giai on 3: vi d liu trong b nh ny, chng trnh logic bc thang s c thc hin mt ln, giai on ny gi l thc hin chng trnh. - Giai on 4: trong khi thc hin chng trnh logic bc thang cc gi tr ng ra ch c thay i tm thi trong b nh. Sau khi qut xong chng trnh, d liu ng ra s c cp nht t cc gi tr tm thi, giai on ny gi l xut d liu ng ra. Sau PLC s khi ng li qu trnh bng cch khi ng vic kim tra li. Qu trnh ny lp li t 10 n 100 ln mi s, nh trn hnh 2.10.
Hnh 2.12: Cu trc theo ng vo vuat TP. H ng ra

y th
CM
Hnh 2.10: Mt chu k vng qut. T kim tra li: kim tra li trn tt c phn cng. c d liu vo: c d liu t card vo, copy chng vo b nh. Vic ny gip cho PLC hot ng nhanh hn v trnh trng hp mt ng vo thay i t lc khi u cho n lc kt thc hng trnh. C nhng hm c bit ca PLC cho php c trc tip d liu vo.
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Thc hin chng trnh logic: da vo bng d liu vo trong b nh, chng trnh s c thc hin tng bc, v cp nht ng ra. Xut d liu ng ra: bng d liu ng ra s c copy t b nh n card ra, v xut ra iu khin thit b. Ban u khi PLC c bt ngun th cc ng ra s trng thi tt, iu ny khng nh hng n cc gi tr ng vo. 2.2.3 Trng Thi PLC. iu d nhn thy PLC l n thiu bn phm v cc thit b vo ra khc. Mt trc PLC thng c cc n ch trng thi, bao gm: - n bo ngun. - n chy chng trnh. - n bo s c. Cc n ny thng dng cho vic sa li. Ngoi ra phn cng PLC cn c cc nt nhn, ph bin nht l nt chy chng trnh. PLC khng cn cc cng tc On/Off, hoc nt nhn Reset. Chng thng c thit k bn trong h thng. Ta cng c th nhn bit trng thi ca PLC bng chng trnh logic bc thang, bng HCM cch kim tra xem chng c c thc thi trong vng qut uat TP. hay khng. ban u y th Xt hnh v 2.11. am K ph Ng vo first scan s ng trong ln DH Su u thc hin cc lnh logic bc thang, cc g ruo vng qut khc s sai. Trong trngnhp ny, a ch cho ng vo first scan l nT S2:1/14. Vi chng trnhquye ny, vng qut u s thc hin vic ng n, cho logic Ban n khi tip im clear ng. V vy n s sng sau khi PLC ng, v n s tt nu clear c ng.
Hnh 2.11: Chng trnh kim tra vng qut u tin 2.2.4 B Nh. Cc loi b nh c dng ph bin hin nay bao gm: RAM, ROM, EPROM, EEPROM. (tng t nh phn b nh trong K thut s). Tt c PLC u s dng RAM cho CPU v dng ROM lu h iu hnh cho PLC. Khi bt ngun, ni dung ca RAM s c gi li. Nhng vn cn quan tm l chuyn g xy ra khi b nh ny mt ngun. Cc PLC trc kia s dng RAM c ngun pin nn d liu RAM khng b mt khi mt in. Phng php ny vn cn s dng nhng khng nhiu. Ngy nay ngi ta s dng EPROM lm b nh cho PLC. B nh ny c lp trnh bn ngoi PLC sau t vo PLC. Khi PLC hot ng chng trnh ny s c np vo PLC v thc hin. Phng php ny chnh xc nhng vic lp trnh v xa b nh s mt nhiu thi gian. B nh EEPROM tr thnh
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mt phn c nh ca PLC, cc chng trnh lu trong EEPROM tng t nh lu trong EPROM. Hin nay gi thnh cc b nh gim ng k, v ngi ta cn pht trin thm cc b nh khc nh Flash ROM. TM TT:
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CHNG 3:
CM BIN
3.1 GII THIU. Cc cm bin cho php mt PLC nhn bit cc trng thi ca mt qu trnh hot ng. Cc cm bin logic ch nhn bit mt trng thi ng hoc sai, mt s hin tng vt l c nhn bit bao gm: - C mt vt kim loi gn hay khng? - C mt vt in mi gn hay khng? - C vt che hoc phn x nh sng hay khng? - 3.2 CM BIN DY NI. Sensor Wiring Khi mt cm bin nhn bit c s thay i logic th n s bo cho PLC bit s thay i ny bng cch ng/ ngt mt in p hoc dng in n PLC. Trong mt s trng hp ng ra ca cm bin s ng ngt trc tip ti. Ng ra ca cm bin (ng vo PLC) bao gm: - Ng ra cp dng hoc rt dng. - Cc cng tc ng ngt in p. HCM TP. - Cc tip im relay ng ngt ng ra AC. huat Ky t - Ng ra TTL ch mc logic 0 hoc 5V. pham 3.2.1 Cng Tc. nT quyera cm bin l cc cng tc hoc tip im relay, minh V d n gin nht canng Ba ha trong hnh v 3.1.
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Hnh 3.1: Cm bin ng ngt. Hnh v ny bao gm cng tc thng h NO (Normal Open) c ni n ng vo I0.1, cm bin c ng ra relay c cp ngun +/-V.
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Ng ra cm bin s tc ng khi xy ra mt hin tng no nh trc. cng tc bn trong cm bin s ng li cp in p n ng vo I0.6 ca PLC. 3.2.2 Ng ra TTL. Ng ra TTL da vo 2 mc in p 0V v 5V (c cho php sai s nh trong mn hc K thut s). Phng php ny rt nhy vi nhiu in trong nh my nn ch c s dng khi tht s cn thit. Cc mch iu khin in t v my tnh thng c ng ra TTL, khi ni vi cc thit b khc cn thm mch trigger ci thin tn hiu. Nu cm bin c ng ra TTL th PLC phi dng card ng vo c cc gi tr TTL. Nu s dng cm bin ng ra TTL cho cc ng dng khc th lu dng max ng ra l 20mA. 3.2.3 Ng ra Rt Dng v Cp Dng. Sinking/Sourcing Cm bin rt dng cho php dng chy vo cm bin v mass, cn cm bin cp dng t ngun Vcc chy ra cm bin. Trong c 2 trng hp, ta ch quan tm n dng in, khng quan tm in p nn gim c nh hng ca nhiu in. HCM Ng ra ca cm bin s dng transistor ng ngt (c tn hao TP. p). Loi PNP dng in t thua cho ng ra rt dng, loi NPN ng ra cp dng. Minh Ky trn hnh v 3.2. ha ham
B nT quye an ruo H Su ng D p
Hnh 3.2: Ng ra Rt dng Cm bin c b phn u d nhn bit cc hin tng vt l xy ra. Vi ngun cung cp +/-V cm bin s nhn bit cc hin tng xy ra v tc ng vo chn B ca transisotr NPN. Nu chn B c 0V th transistor ngng dn, nu chn B c 5V/12V th transitor dn bo ha rt dng bn ngoi vo. Hot ng tng t cho cm bim cp dng PNP hnh 3.3.
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Hnh 3.3: Ng ra Cp dng 3.2.4 Tip im Relay Solid State Relay. S dng cm bin c ng ra relay ng ct dng AC, ph hp CM cc ti ln, yu Hcho TP. lm ng ra. cu gi thnh thp. Mt s cm bin v thit b cn s dng at thu relay 3.3 CM BIN TIM CN. Presence Detection DH uong rca mt vt: tip xc v tim cn. C 2 cch pht hin s xut n T hin quye tc c kh v to ra lc gia vt v cm bin. Tip xc c ngha l dng cng Ban Tim cn ngha l c vt gn nhng khng cn cng tc. Nhng phn tip theo s trnh by v cc loi cm bin dng nhn bit s hin din ca mt vt. Cc cm bin ny s gii thch cho phn ln cc ng dng ca cm bin. 3.3.1 Cng Tc Tip Xc. Cng tc tip xc c dng thng h hoc thng ng. V ca chng c gia c nn chng c th lp li cc tc ng ng m lin tc. 3.3.2 Cng tc Li G. Tng t relay nhng s dng nam chm vnh cu thay cho cun dy. Nam chm xa th cng tc m v ngc li. chng thng c s dng trong cc bng thng bo v ca nh v bn hn cc cm bin khc. Hnh dng cng tc li g cho trn hnh 3.4.
ham Su p Ky
Hnh 3.4: Cng tc li g
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3.3.3 Cm Bin Quang. Cm bin quang c dng rt lu, bao gm mt ngun pht quang v mt b thu quang. Ngun quang s dng LED hoc LASER pht ra nh sng thy hoc khng thy ty theo bc sng. B thu quang s dng diode hoc transistor quang. Ta t b thu v pht sao cho vt cn nhn bit c th che chn hoc phn x nh sng khi vt xut hin. S s dng cm bin quang cho trn hnh 3.5.
Hnh 3.5: Cm bin quang uat TP. h Ky t nh sng do LED pht ra c hi t qua thu pham phn thu nh sng t thu knh knh. Su tc ng n transistor thu quang. ong DH u Nu c vt che chn th chm n Tr khng tc ng n b thu c. Sng dao ng ye tia s u an q dng b thu loi bBnh hng ca nh sng trong phng. nh sng ca mch pht s tt v sng theo tn s mch dao ng. Phng php s dng mch dao ng lm cho cm bin thu pht xa hn v tiu th t cng sut hn. 3.3.4 Cm Bin in Dung. Cm bin in dung c th nhn bit cc vt khong cch ln n vi cm. Cng thc tnh in dung: C = A.K/D C: in dung (F) D: hng s in mi. A: din tch bn cc. K: khong cch 2 bn cc. i vi cm bin in dung th din tch v khong cch 2 bn cc l c nh, nhng hng s in mi ca mi trng xung quanh 2 bn cc s thay i khi c cc vt khc nhau n gn. Hnh v cm bin in dung cho trn hnh 3.6. in dung ca 2 bn cc s c xc nh bi mt trng thay i. Khi c vt n gn lm thay i in mi gia 2 bn cc s lm thay i in dung n gi tr t trc nn cm bin s tc ng ng ct ti.
HCM
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Hnh 3.6: Cm bin in dung Cc cm bin ny lm vic tt i vi vt cch in v chng c h s in mi ln nn in dung ln. Chng cng lm vic tt i vi kim loi v cc vt dn in tt xut hin s ging nh cc bn cc ln hn nn cng lm tng in dung. Hnh 3.7 minh ha nh hng ca vt cch in v vt dn in i vi cm bin.
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Hnh 3.7: Vt cch in v dn in lm tng in dung 3.3.5 Cm Bin in Cm. Cm bin in cm s dng cc t trng cm ng nhn bit cc vt kim loi gn. N s dng cun cm to ra t trng tn s cao nh hnh v 3.8.
Hnh 3.8: Cm bin in cm.
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Nu c mt vt kim loi n gn th t trng s thay i to ra dng in qua vt. Dng in ny to ra t trng mi ngc vi t trng ban u nn lm thay i cm khng cun dy bn trong cm bin. Bng cch o in cm cm bin s nhn bit khi c vt kim loi n gn n. Cm bin loi ny c th dng nhn bit bt k vt kim loi no. Khi cn nhn bit nhiu vt th ta s dng nhiu cm bin. 3.3.6 Dng Cht Lng. Ta c th t cc cm bin phc tp bn ngoi cc cm bin n gin hn. Hnh v 3.9 m t mt ng dng ny. Ngi ta t mt ci phao kim loi bn trong mt ng hnh thang. Khi tc dng cht lng tng th p lc tc ng ln phao cng tng theo. Phao c dng hnh thang to v tr cn bng t l vi tc chy. Mt cm bin in cm c t bn ngoi ng cht lng sao cho n c th nhn bit s thay i cao ca phao bn trong v xc nh c tc chy trong ng.
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Hnh 3.8: Nhn bit tc chy bng cm bin in cm TM TT:
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CHNG 4:
THIT B CHP HNH
4.1 GII THIU. Thit b chp hnh l cc thit b nhn tn hiu iu khin t ng ra ca PLC v tc ng n chuyn ng ca cc thit b c kh qu trnh chuyn ha c/in. 4.2 SOLENOID. Solenoid l mt trong nhng thit b chp hnh thng dng nht.. Nguyn l hot ng HCM TP hua da vo chuyn ng ca li st (gi l piston) trongy lngtcun dy. Thng thng K t piston c gia bn ngoi cun dy bng lSu phKhi c dng in chy qua cun dy xo. am H trong cun dy. Piston c th to ra lc s to ra t trng ht piston v koong D n vo ru tuyn tnh. Hnh v 4.1 minhyen mt solenoid. ha T u
Ban q
Hnh 4.1: Solenoid Solenoid cng nghip s dng in p 24VDC to ra dng in vi trm mA. 4.3 VALVE. Dng chy ca cht lng v cht kh s c iu khin bng cc Valve, c ng ngt bng Solenoid. Xem hnh v 4.1. Solenoid c gn vo mt mt phng. Khi c kch thch n s tc ng n ng bn tri. Pha trn ca valve c 2 port ni vi cc thit b, nh xy lanh cht lng. Pha di ca valve c 1 ng p sut tm v 2 ng x 2 bn. Trong hnh v trn, cng sut i qua tm n port phi ca xy lanh. Port tri ca xy lanh cho php thot qua ng x. Trong hnh v di, Solenoid v tr mi nn p sut c cp n port tri, cn port phi dng x.
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Cc loi Valve bao gm: pham H Su vo, bnh thng valve ng, khi c D - 2 ng thng ng: 1 ng ra,g1 ng on Truphp dng chy. in s m. ng dng trong n cho quye andng trong ngt dng chy. - 2 ng thng m: B - 3 ng thng ng: 1 vo, 1 ra, 1 ng x, bnh thng port ra ni vi ng x, khi c in port vo s ni vi port ra. - Khi chn Valve cn quan tm cc vn sau: - Kch c ng dn. - Tc dng chy. - p sut vn hnh. - in p Solenoid. - Thi gian p ng. 5-150ms 4.4 XY LANH Cylinder Xy lanh dng kh hoc cht lng nn p sut to ra lc tuyn tnh, nh hnh 4.3. Cht lng c bm vo 1 bn ca xy lanh lm n n ra y piston. Cht lng s thot t do mt bn kia. Lc do xy lanh to ra t l vi tit din mt ct ngang ca xy lanh. Xy lanh n to ra lc khi n ra v c l xo ko piston li. Xy lanh i to lc c 2 hng.
P. Hnh 4.2: Solenoid iu khin Valve 5 port, 4ung , 2 v tr at T Ky t h
HCM
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4.5 THY LC. Hydraulic Thy lc s dng cc cht lng cha nn cung cp lc rt ln tc chm v di chuyn c gii hn. H thng thy lc (thng l du) c nn bng my bm, co qua valve iu khin xy lanh. H thng thy lc bao gm: - Cht lng. - Bn cha du. - Bm to p sut. - Valve iu khin. - Piston v xy lanh tc ng n h thng c kh. Cht lng thung l du khng n mn c chn sao cho c th bi trn my mc. Du c cha trong bn nh hnh v 4.4. Cht lng c a n bm nn p sut. Thng s dng bm thay i s sao cho to cht lng p sut cao v tc chy n nh. B iu tc c t ng ra p sut cao ca bm. Nu cht lng khng chy vo cc phn khc ca h thng th n s quay v bn cha gim tn hao trn bm. Cht lng p sut cao c a qua Valve c th iu khin ng ngt dng chy. H thng thy lc rt hiu qu i vi cc ng dng cng sut ln nhng nguy him, bn v n do s dng cht lng p sut cao.
Ban
Hnh yen Mt ct ca xylanh cht lng. qu 4.3:
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4.6 KH NN. Pneumatic H thng kh nn rt thng dng v c nhiu im chung vi thy lc. Tuy nhin vn c mt s khc bit: khng s dng bn cha v khng cn cha thu nhn kh tr li, s dng khng kh nn d nn v khng cn b iu tc. H thng kh nn c p ng rt nhanh, c s dng trong cc ng dng lc nh nhiu ni trong nh my. Mt s c tnh c bn ca h thng kh nn bao gm: - Kch thc t vi mm n vi m. - Thit b chp hnh nh, c tnh n hi. - p sut thng khong 85 psi. - Xy lanh c khi lng nh. - Thit b b tr c sn nh my nn kh v thit b quang. - S dng b chng rung v gim va chm cc u xy lanh. 4.7 NG C Motor 4.7.1 ng C DC Chi Qut: ng c DC c b dy qun trn rotor quay bn trong startor, nh hnh 4.5. Khi c dng in chy qua vng dy s to ra mt t trng, nng lng cp cho rotor qua b chuyn mch v ch qut., nh hnh 4.6.
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Hnh 4.5: Rotor ca ng c DC

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Hnh 4.6: B chuyn mch. B chuyn mch c chia sao cho mi na vng quay lm cho cc tnh in p trn rotor v t trng cm ng ngc vi nam chm vnh cu. Chiu quay ng c c xc nh bng cc tnh in p ngun, tc t l vi gi tr in p. Dng b iu khin hi tip xc nh v tr v iu chnh tc ng c.
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4.7.2 ng C AC ng B. ng c ng b c dy qun trn Startor, Rotor lng sc. Lng sc l 1 li nhm khi t vo t trng thay i s to ra trng ngc li. khi cp ngun AC n cun dy Startor s to ra mt t trng AC. Lng sc s to ra t trng ngc li v to ra moment xon lm ng c quay. ng c gi l ng b v c n quay vi tn s gn bng tn s ngun. Ta iu khin tc ng c AC bng cch iu khin tn s ngun AC. Tn hiu iu khin tc ng c AC c dng nh hnh v 4.7. Thc t, ng c t moment quay max nh hn tc ng b. V d ng c c 2 cc c tc ng b 2x60x60/2 = 3600 vng/pht nhng ch t vn tc 3520 vng/pht. Tc vng/pht = f.120/p Tc l tng.
4.7.3 ng C DC Khng C Chi Qut. ng c DC khng dng chi qut m s dng nam chm in trn rotor, ta phi qun dy cho startor, nn khng cn chi qut v b chuyn mch. Khng s dng chi qut nn khng cn bo dng nh ng c chi qut. ng c quay lin tc dng in ca cun dy bn ngoi phi thay i lin tc Nu ngun cp l AC th ng c s hot ng nh ng c AC. 4.7.4 ng C Bc. ng c bc c thit k trong iu khin nh v tr. Chng di chuyn mi ln mt bc, thng c gc quay l 1.80 tng ng 200 bc/vng. Nhng loi khc c gc quay 20, 2.50, 50, 150, 300. C 2 loi ng c bc: cc n v cc kp nh hnh v 4.8.
nT quye iu khin tc ng c AC Hnh Ban 4.7:
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Hnh 4.8: S dy qun ng c bc. Loi n cc s dng cun dy c nhnh r tm v dng ngun n. Loi cc kp c cu to n gin hn nhng phi dng ngun i, mch iu khin phc tp hn. ng c bc quay c nh in p lch cc u dy. HCM TP. hnh 4.9 Cc gi tr in p khc nhau cp cho ng c n cc minhat thu ha
uyen an q B uon Tr g DH ham Su p Ky
Hnh 4.8: Tun t iu khin ng c bc n cc. Khi ng c m, in p cung cp cc u dy c gi tr theo hng 1. ng c quay, ta phi thay i p theo ng 2, ri ng 3, ng 4, lp li. Nu o tun t ny ng c s quay theo chiu ngc li. ng nng ca ng c v ti s gii hn tc cc i ca cc chuyn mch ng ngt in p cc u dy. Thng thng khong vi ngn bc mi giy. Khi khng thay i, in p cc u dy s gia ng c 1 v tr no . ng c bc khng cn b phn hi tip, tr khi s dng trong cc ng dng c tin cy rt cao. ng c bc s b lch khi moment gi b vt hoc khi n tng tc qu nhanh. Khi ng c b lch n s quay mt gc no khng xc nh t v tr hin ti, mun xc nh gi tr ny cn c h thng hi tip v tr.
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CHNG 5:
THIT K CHNG TRNH THEO LU
5.1 GII THIU. Mt qu trnh c cc bc x l tun t s thch hp khi s dng lu thit k chng trnh. Cc bc trong lu c thc hin theo mt trnh t n gin. cc k hiu dng trong lu bao gm:
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Hnh 5.1: K hiu dng trong lu Cc khi c ni vi nhau bng cc mi tn nhm ch ra cc bc thc hin tun t. Cc khi khc nhau din t cc lnh khc nhau. Chng trnh PLC lun bt u bng khi Start v t khi s dng khi Stop v chng trnh lun chy lin tc. Hnh 5.2 m t lu ca h thng iu khin mt bn nc.
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Hnh 5.2: Lu iu khin bn nc Khi nhn nt Start, bn bt u cho nc vo v tt ng chy ra. Khi bn y nc, hoc nhn nt Stop s m ng chy ra v ng ng chy vo. Trong lu , qu trnh bt u t trn cng. u tin l m van ng ra v ng van ng vo. Tip theo, khi Decision s ch xem c nt no c nhn khng. Nu c nt c nhn, theo nhnh Yes s m van vo v ng van ra. Tip theo n mt vng gm hai khi Decision ch n khi bn y hoc nhn nt Stop. Nu mt trong hai trng hp xy ra th ng van vo v m van ra. V h thng s quay li ch nt Start nhn ln na. Khi vn hnh, chng trnh s lun chy nn ch cn khi Start.
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PHNG PHP CHUNG XY DNG LU : - Hiu qu trnh hot ng ca h thng. - Xc nh cc hot ng chnh, v thnh cc khi. - Xc nh tun t vn hnh, v bng cc mi tn. - Khi tun t ny thay i th s dng cc khi Decision r nhnh. Mi lu s c vit thnh mt chng trnh LAD. C 2 k thut c bn c s dng cho vic ny: - S dng cc khi m logic bc thang. - S dng logic bc thang thng thung. 5.2 PHNG PHP BLOCK LOGIC. Bc u tin ca phng php ny l t tn cc khi trong lu , nh hnh 5.3. Mi bc c nh du s chuyn thnh chng trnh logic bc thang. BC 1: T TN CC KHI TRONG LU
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Hnh 5.3: t tn cc khi trong lu .
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Mi khi trong lu c chuyn thnh mt khi ca logic bc thang. thc hin vic ny ta s dng lnh MCR (Master Control Relay). Lnh ny c trnh by hnh 5.4, bao gm mt cp ng ra MCR. Nu dng MCR u tin trong lnh ny ng th cc logic bc thang trong cc dng tip theo s c qut bnh thng cho n lnh MCR th hai. Nu dng MCR u sai th cc dng logic bc thang tip theo s tt. Nu trong khi MCR c s dng mt ng ra bnh thng th n cng b tt, nn ta phi s dng cc lnh cht i vi phng php ny.
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Hnh 5.4: Lnh MCR BC 2: VIT LOGIC BC THANG PLC TRNG THI U TIN Nh hnh 5.5.
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Hnh 5.5: t n T bc thang vo trng thi u tin logic ye

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BC 3:
VIT LOGIC BC THANG CHO CC HM TRONG LU
Hnh 5.6: Logic bc thang cho bc F1.
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Hnh 5.7: Logic bc thang cho bc F2 v F3.
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Hnh 5.8: Logic bc thang cho bc F4 v F5
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5.3 PHNG PHP SEQUENCE ong D ru BIT. nT Ta thng chn cch iuquye khng s dng lnh MCR . Lu trong cc v d khin an Bhin theo cch khc nh sau: trc c th c thc Bc u tin c v trn hnh 5.9.
K Hnh 5.8: Logic bc thangacho bc F6 ph m H Su
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Hnh 5.9: t tn cc khi v mi tn cho lu . on chng trnh logic bc thang u tin c cho trn hnh 5.10.
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Hnh 5.10: Logic chuyn i. Logic bc thang trong hnh 5.11 s kch hot mt hm hoc chuyn ti hm tip theo.
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Hnh 5.11: Hm logic bc thang v Cc ng ra.
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CHNG 6:
PLC S7 200
6.1 CU TRC PHN CNG. 6.1.1 c im chung. S7-200 l thit b iu khin logic lp trnh loi nh ca hng Siemens (c), c cu trc theo kiu module v c cc module m rng. Cc module ny c s dng cho nhiu ng dng lp trnh khc nhau. Hnh dng bn ngoi ca PLC S7-200 c m t nh hnh 6.1.
DH c im v thng s ca cc loi PLCg S7-200 khc nhau c gii thiu trong bng ruon sau: nT quye c trng Ban CPU 221 CPU 222 CPU 224 CPU 226
Kch thc(mm) B nh chng trnh B nh d liu Cng logic vo Cng logic ra Modul m rng Digital I/O cc i Analog I/O cc i B m (Counter) B nh th (Timer) Tc thc thi lnh Kh nng lu tr khi mt in 90x80x62 2048 words 1024 words 6 4 None 128/128 None 256 256 0.37s 50 gi 90x80x62 2048words 1024words 8 6 2 128/128 16In/16Out 256 256 0.37s 50 gi 120.5x80x62 4096words 2560words 14 10 7 128/128 32In/32Out 256 256 0.37s 190 gi 190x80X62 4096words 2560words 24 16 7 128/128 32In/32Out 256 256 0.37s 190 gi
Hnh 6.1: B iu khin lpm Ky S7-200 a trnh

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6.1.2 Cc n bo. - SF (System Failure): n SF bo hiu h thng b hng. - RUN: n xanh RUN ch nh PLC ang ch lm vic v thc hin chng trnh c np vo trong my. - STOP: n vng STOP ch nh rng PLC ang ch dng chng trnh. 6.1.3 Cc ng vo. - Kiu u vo IEC 1131-2 hoc SIMATIC. - in p mc logic 1: 15-30VDC, dng nh nht 4mA; 35VDC thi gian tc thi 500ms.
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- Trng thi mc logic 1 chun: 24 VDC, 7mA. - Trng thi mc logic 0: Ti a 5 VDC, 1mA. - p ng thi gian ln nht cc chn I0.0 n I1.5: c th chnh t 0,2 n 8,7ms. Thi gian mc nh 0,2ms. - S cch ly v quang 500VAC. 6.1.4 Cc ng ra. - Kiu u ra: Relay hoc Transistor cp dng in. - in p mc 1: 24.4 n 28.8VDC. - Dng ti ti a: 2A/ im; 8A/common. - Qu dng: 7A vi contact ng. - in tr cch ly: nh nht 100 M. - Thi gian chuyn mch: ti a 10ms. - Thi gian s dng: 10.000.000 ln vi cng tc c kh; 100.000 ln vi tc ti. - in tr cng tc: ti a 200 m. - Ch bo v ngn mch: khng c. 6.1.5 Ngun cung cp. HCM TP. - in p ngun cung cp: 20.4 n 24.8VDC huat Ky t - Dng vo max load: 900mA ti 24VDC pham H Su - Cch ly in ng vo: khng c ng D T uo - Thi gian duy tr khi mt ngun:r10ms 24 VDC en - Cu ch bn trong: 2A, quy an 250V B 6.1.6 Ch lm vic. PLC c 3 ch lm vic: - RUN: cho php PLC thc hin chng trnh t b nh, PLC s chuyn t RUN sang STOP nu trong my c s c hoc trong chng trnh gp lnh STOP. - STOP: cng bc PLC dng chng trnh ang chy v chuyn sang ch STOP. - TERM: cho php my lp trnh t quyt nh ch hot ng cho PLC ch RUN hoc STOP. 6.1.7 Cng truyn thng. S7-200 s dng cng truyn thng ni tip RS485 vi u ni 9 chn phc v cho vic ghp ni vi thit b lp trnh hoc vi cc trm PLC khc. Tc truyn cho my lp trnh kiu PPI (Point to Point Interface) l 9600 bauds. Tc truyn ca PLC theo kiu t do l 300 38.400 bauds. S chn cng truyn thng v trn hnh 6.2.
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Chn 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Chc nng GND 24 VDC Tn hiu A ca RS485 ( RxD/TxD+) RTS ( theo mc TTL) GND +5 VDC Ngun cp 24 VDC 120mA max Tn hin B RS485 (RxD/TxD-) Chn la cch giao tip
Hnh 6.2: S chn ca cng truyn thng ghp S7-200 vi cc my tnh PC qua cng RS-232 cn c cp ni PC/PPI vi b chuyn i t RS232 sang RS485, theo hnh v 6.3.
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Hnh 6.3: Ghp ni S7-200 vi my tnh qua cng RS232 6.1.8 Cc module m rng. C th m rng ng vo/ra ca PLC bng cch ghp ni thm vo PLC cc module m rng v pha bn phi ca CPU. CPU 224 c th ghp nhiu nht 7 module theo bng 6.1. Cc module m rng Digital hay Analog u chim ch trong b m, tng ng vi s u vo/ ra ca cc module. Cc module 5 v 6 dng kt ni mng Profibus v AS-Interface.
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hua 6.2 NGUYN L HOT NG. Ky t 6.2.1 n v x l trung tm CPU. pham H Su CPU iu khin cc hot ng bn utrong PLC. B x l s c v kim tra chng ng D Tr o trnh c cha trong b nh,esau s thc hin tun t tng lnh trong chng trnh, uy n an qcc ng ra. Cc trng thi ng ra y c a n tc ng kt qu lm ng hay B ngt cc thit b bn ngoi. Ton b cc hot ng ny u ph thuc vo chng trnh iu khin c lu tr trong b nh.
Bng 2.1: nh a ch cho cc module m rng M HC

. t TP
6.2.2 H thng BUS. H thng Bus l tuyn truyn tn hiu, h thng gm nhiu ng tn hiu song song: Address Bus: Bus a ch dng truyn a ch n cc Module khc nhau. Data Bus: Bus dng truyn d liu. Control Bus: Bus iu khin dng truyn cc tn hiu nh thi v iu khin ng b cc hot ng trong PLC Trong PLC d liu c trao i gia b vi x l v cc module vo ra thng qua Data Bus. Address Bus v Data Bus gm 8 ng, cng thi im cho php truyn ng thi 8 bit ca 1 byte, cn gi l truyn song song 8 bit. Nu mt module vo nhn c a ch ca n trn Address Bus, n s chuyn tt c trng thi ng vo ca n vo Data Bus. Nu mt a ch byte ca 8 ng ra xut hin trn Address Bus, modul ra tng ng s nhn c d liu t Data bus. Control Bus s chuyn cc tn hiu iu khin vo chu trnh hot ng ca PLC. Cc a ch v d liu c chuyn ln cc Bus tng ng trong thi gian hn ch. H thng Bus s lm nhim v trao i thng tin gia CPU, b nh v I/O. Bn cnh , CPU c cung cp mt xung Clock c tn s t 18 MHZ. Xung ny quyt nh tc hot ng ca PLC v cung cp cc yu t v nh thi, ng h ca h thng.
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6.2.3 B nh. PLC thng s dng b nh trong cc trng hp: - Lm b lu tr tm thi cc bng trng thi I/O. - Lm b m trng thi cc chc nng trong PLC nh nh thi, m, thanh ghi. Mi lnh ca chng trnh c mt v tr ring trong b nh, tt c mi v tr trong b nh u c nh s, nhng s ny chnh l a ch trong b nh . a ch ca tng nh s c tr n bi mt b m a ch bn trong b vi x l. B vi x l s tng gi tr b m ny ln mt trc khi x l lnh tip theo. Vi mt a ch mi, ni dung ca nh tng ng s xut hin u ra, qu trnh ny c gi l qu trnh c. B nh bn trong PLC c to bi cc vi mch bn dn, mi vi mch ny c kh nng cha 2000 16000 dng lnh, ty loi vi mch. Trong PLC cc b nh nh RAM, EEPROM u c s dng. - RAM (Random Access Memory ) c th np chng trnh, thay i hay xo b ni dung bt k lc no. Ni dung ca RAM s b mt nu ngun in nui b mt . trnh tnh trng ny cc PLC u c trang b mt pin kh, c kh nng cung cp nng lng d tr cho RAM t vi thng n vi nm. Trong thc t RAM c dng khi to v kim tra chng trnh. Khuynh hng hin nay dng HCM CMOSRAM nh kh nng tiu th nng lng thp v tuiTP. ln. th huat Ky t - EEPROM (Electrically Eraseable Programmable Read Only Memory) l b nh m pham ngi s dng bnh thng ch c th cu ch khng ghi ni dung vo c. Ni HS gD dung ca EEPROM khng b Truon mt ngun, n c gn sn trong my, mt khi n c nh sn xut Ban quye np v cha h iu hnh sn. Nu ngi s dng khng mun m rng b nh th ch dng EEPROM gn bn trong PLC. - Ngoi ra PLC cn cho php gn thm b nh m rng nh RAM, EPROM khe Cartridge. 6.3 CU TRC B NH. 6.3.1 Phn chia b nh. B nh ca S7-200 c chia thnh 4 vng c mt t in lm nhim v duy tr d liu trong mt khong thi gian nht nh khi mt ngun. B nh S7-200 c tnh nng ng cao, c th c ghi c trong ton vng, ngoi tr cc bit nh c bit SM (Special memory) ch c th truy nhp c. Hnh v 6.4 m t b nh trong v ngoi ca PLC, bao gm: - Vng chng trnh: min b nh c s dng lu tr cc lnh chng trnh. - Vng tham s: min lu tr cc tham s nh t kha, a ch trm, cng ging nh vng chng trnh. - Vng d liu: c s dng ct cc d liu ca chng trnh bao gm cc kt qu cc php tnh, b m truyn thng - Vng i tng: Timer, counter, b m tc cao v cc cng vo/ra tng t c t trong vng nh cui cng. Vng nh d liu v vng nh i tng c ngha quan trng trong vic thc hin mt chng trnh.
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EEPROM Min nh ngoi
Chng trnh Tham s D liu Vng i tng
Chng trnh Tham s D liu
Chng trnh Tham s D liu
Hnh 6.4: Phn chia b nh ca PLC S7-200 6.3.2 Vng d liu. Vng d liu l mt min nh ng. N c th c truy cp theo tng bit, tng byte, tng t n, hoc theo tng t kp v c s dng lm min lu tr d liu cho cc thut ton, hm truyn thng, lp bng, hm dch chuyn, xoay vng thanh ghi, con tr a ch, HCM Ghi cc d liu kiu bng b hn ch rt nhiu v cc d liu TP. thng ch c s ny huat Ky t dng theo nhng mc ch nht nh. ham Vng d liu li c chia thnh nhng DH Su nh nh vi cc cng dng khc nhau. min p g ruo u Chng c k hiu bng cc chTci n ca tn ting Anh, c trng cho cng dng n ring ca chng nh sau:n quye Ba - V: Variable memory - I: Input image register - O: Output image register - M: Internal memory bits - SM: Special memory bits 6.3.3 Vng i tng. Vng i tng c s dng lu tr d liu cho cc i tng lp trnh nh cc gi tr tc thi, gi tr t trc ca b m Counter, b nh thi Timer. D liu kiu i tng bao gm cc Timer, Counter, cc b m tc cao, b m vo/ra tng t v cc thanh ghi Accumulator(AC). Kiu d liu i tng b hn ch rt nhiu v cc d liu kiu i tng ch c ghi theo mc ch cn s dng i tng . Phn chia vng nh v cc ton hng tng ng cho tng loi PLC cho bng 6.2:
Vng nh V I Q M SM S L Timer CPU 221 V0.0V2047.7 I0.0I15.7 Q0.0Q15.7 M0.0M31.7 SM0.0SM179.7 S0.0S31.7 L0.0L63.7 T0T255 CPU 222 V0.0V2047.7 I0.0I15.7 Q0.015.7 M0.0M31.7 SM0.0SM179.7 S0.0S31.7 L0.0L63.7 T0T255 CPU 224 CPU 226
Vng d liu
Vng
V0.0V5119.7 V0.0V5119.7 I0.0I15.7 I0.0I15.7 Q0.0Q15.7 Q0.0Q15.7 M0.0M31.7 M0.0M31.7 SM0.0SM179.7 SM0.0SM179.7 S0.0S31.7 S0.0S31.7 L0.063.7 L0.0L63.7 T0T255 T0T255
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Counter Analog inputs Analog outputs Thanh nghi ACC B m tc cao
C0C255 None None AC0AC3 HC0,HC3,HC4,HC5
C0C255 AIW0AIW30 AQW0AQW30 AC0AC3 HC0,HC3,HC4,HC5
C0C255 C0C255 AIW0AIW62 AIW0AIW62 AQW0AQW62 AQW0AQW62 AC0AC3 AC0AC3 HC0HC5 HC0HC5
Bng 6.2: Phn chia vng nh v ton hng PLC S7-200 6.3.4 Phng thc truy cp b nh. - Truy cp theo bit: tn min(+) a ch byte (+) (+) ch s bit. - Truy cp theo byte: tn min (+) B (+) a ch ca byte trong min. - Truy cp theo t: tn min (+) W (+) a ch byte cao ca t trong min. - Truy cp theo t kp: tn min (+) D (+) a ch byte cao ca t trong min.
Access Method
Bit access (byte.bit)
CPU 221
CPU 222
CPU 224
CPU 226
Byte access
Word access
Double word access
V0.0V2047.7 V0.0V5119.7 V0.0V5119.7 V0.0V2047.7 I0.015.7 I0.0I15.7 I0.0I15.7 I0.0I15.7 Q0.015.7 Q0.0Q15.7 Q0.0Q15.7 P. HCM Q0.0Q15.7 uat T M0.0M31.7 M0.0M31.7 M0.0M31.7 M0.0M31.7 y th K SM0.0SM179.7 SM0.0SM179.7 pham SM0.0SM179.7 SM0.0SM179.7 u S0.0S31.7 S0.0S31.7 H S S0.0S31.7 S0.0S31.7 ng D T0T255 T0T255 T0T255 T0T255 Truo n C0C255 n quye C0C255 C0C255 C0C255 Ba L0.0L63.7 L0.0L63.7 L0.0L63.7 L0.0L63.7 VB0VB2047 VB0VB5119 VB0VB5119 VB0VB2047 IB0IB15 IB0IB15 IB0IB15 IB0IB15 QB0QB15 QB0QB15 QB0QB15 QB0QB15 MB0MB31 MB0MB31 MB0MB31 MB0MB31 SMB0SMB179 SMB0SMB179 SMB0SMB179 SMB0SMB179 AC0AC3 AC0AC3 AC0AC3 AC0AC3 SB0SB31 SB0SB31 SB0SB31 SB0SB31 LB0LB63 LB0LB63 LB0LB63 LB0LB63 Constant Constant Constant Constant VW0VW5118 VW0VW5118 VW0VW2046 VW0VW2046 T0T255 T0T255 T0T255 T0T255 C0C255 C0C255 C0C255 C0C255 IW0IW14 IW0IW14 IW0IW14 IW0IW14 QW0QW14 QW0QW14 QW0QW14 QW0QW14 MW0MW30 MW0MW30 MW0MW30 MW0MW30 SMW0SMW178 SMW0SMW178 SMW0SMW178 SMW0SMW178 AC0AC3 AC0AC3 AC0AC3 AC0AC3 AIW0AIW30 AIW0AIW62 AIW0AIW62 AQW0AQW30 AQW0AQW62 AQW0AQW62 LW0LW62 LW0LW62 LW0LW62 LW0LW62 SW0SW30 SW0SW30 SW0SW30 SW0SW30 Constant Constant Constant Constant VD0VD2044 VD0VD2044 VD0VD5116 VD0VD5116 ID0ID12 ID0ID12 ID0ID12 ID0ID12 QD0QD12 QD0QD12 QD0QD12 QD0QD12
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MD0MD28 SMD0SMD176 AC0AC3 HC0,3,4,5 SD0SD28 LD0LD60 Constant
MD0MD28 SMD0SMD176 AC0AC3 HC0,3,4,5 SD0SD28 LD0LD60 Constant
MD0MD28 SMD0SMD176 AC0AC3 HC0HC5 SD0SD28 LD0LD60 Constant
MD0MD28 SMD0SMD176 AC0AC3 HC0HC5 SD0SD28 LD0LD60 Constant
Bng 6.3: Phng php truy cp vng nh PLC S7-200 6.4 PHNG PHP LP TRNH. 6.4.1 Quan h gia chng trnh v cc Ng vo/ra. Hot ng c bn ca PLC bao gm cc bc: - CPU c trng thi cc ng vo. - Thc hin chng trnh logic cha trong b nh. - CPU xut d liu n ng ra. Chng trnh ca PLC bao gm mt dy cc tp lnh. PLC S7-200 thc hin chng trnh bt u t lnh lp trnh u tin v kt thc lnh lp trnh cui trong mt vng qut. Quan h gia chng trnh PLC v cc ng vo, ng ra nh hnh 6.5.M HC
ruo H Su ng D pham hua Ky t . t TP
nT quye an
Hnh 6.5: Quan h gia chng trnh v cc ng vo/ra PLC 6.4.2 Khi nim v ngn ng lp trnh. Cc CPU S7-200 c nhiu loi lnh khc nhau cho php ta gii quyt nhiu cng vic t ng ha. C 2 tp lnh c bn trong CPU S7-200: SIMATIC v IEC1131-3. Phn mm lp trnh cho PLC trn my tnh cng cho php ta lp trnh bng cc loi lnh ny. C 2 vn ta cn quan tm khi vit chng trnh cho PLC: - Chn loi tp lnh no: SIMATIC hay IEC1131-3 - Chn ngn ng lp trnh no: LAD, STL hay FBD Quan h gia tp lnh v ngn ng lp trnh cho bng 6.4.
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Bng 6.4: Quan h gia Tp lnh v Ngn ng lp trnh 6.4.3 Ngn ng lp trnh STL (Statement List) Son tho chng trnh theo phng php STL cho php ta vit chng trnh iu khin bng cc lnh gi nh. Ni chung son tho bng STL ph hp cho ngi c kinh nghim lp trnh v quen vi PLC cng nh cch lp trnh logic. Son tho bng ngn ng STL cng cho php ta to ra cc chng trnh m cc ngn ng LAD v FBD khng thc hin c. V STL l cch lp trnh theo ngn ng t nhin ca CPU, trong khi cc phng php khc l lp trnh ha. Mt chng trnh v d theo ngn ng STL nh sau:
P. HC uat T M
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Chng trnh ny tng t nh lp trnh bng ngn ng Assembler. CPU thc hin chng trnh bng cch chy cc lnh t trn xung di, ri lp li. PLC S7-200 s dng ngn xp logic gii quyt cc lnh logic, xem hnh 6.6. Ngn ng LAD v FBD t ng thm cc lnh cn thit qun l hot ng ca ngn xp logic. i vi ngn ng STL, ta phi thm vo cc lnh qun l ngn xp. Cc im chnh cn quan tm khi chn ngn ng lp trnh STL: - STL thch hp cho nhng ngi lp trnh kinh nghim. - STL cho php ta gii quyt cc iu khin phc tp m LAD v FBD khng thc hin c. - STL ch thc hin vi tp lnh SIMATIC. - C th chuyn t chng trnh STL sang LAD v FBD nhng ngc li th s b gii hn.
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Hnh uyen Ngn xp logic ca PLC S7-200 q6.6:
6.4.4 Ngn ng lp trnh LAD (Ladder Loic) Ngn ng LAD cho php ta vit chng trnh tng t nh mch tng ng ca s ni dy mch in. Rt nhiu ngi lp trnh v cc nhn vin k thut chn la s dng phng php ny. Chng trnh LAD cho php CPU m phng di chuyn ca dng in t ngun, qua mt lot cc iu kin ng vo tc ng n ng ra. Hnh 6.7 minh ha chung trnh LAD.
Ban
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Hnh 6.7:Chng trnh LAD ca PLC S7-200
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Cc lnh khc nhau c biu din bng cc k hiu ha, gm 3 dng c bn: - Tip im: biu din cc iu kin logic ng vo, nh cc cng tc, nt nhn, trng thi ca cm bin, Tip im thng m Tip im thng ng - Cun dy (coil): biu din cho kt qu logic ng ra, nh n, ng c, cun dy ca relay, - Hp (Box): l biu tng m t cc hm khc nhau, n lm vic khi c dng in chy n hp. Nhng dng hm thng c biu din bng hp gm cc b thi gian (Timer), b m (counter) v cc hm ton hc. Cun dy v cc hp phi mc ng chiu dng in. - Mng LAD: L ng ni cc phn t thnh mt mch hon chnh, i t ng ngun bn tri sang ng ngun bn phi. ng ngun bn tri l dy pha, ng ngun bn phi l dy trung tnh v cng l ng tr v ngun cung cp. Dng in chy t tri qua tip im n ng cc cun dy hoc cc hp tr v bn phi ngun. HCM TP. Cc vn chnh cn quan tm khi s dng ngn ng LAD:at thu - LAD thch hp cho ngi mi bt u lp trnh.m Ky pha - Biu din ha d hiu v thng dng H Su hn. ng D - LAD s dng c cc tp lnh ruo T SIMATIC v IEC1131-3. en - Lun chuyn t dng n quy sang STL. a LAD B 6.4.5 Ngn ng FBD (Function Block Diagram) Ngn ng FBD cho php ta xem cc lnh nh l cc hp logic, tng t nh s cng logic. Khng c cc tip im v cun dy, nhng s c cc hp. Chng trnh logic s c to ra bng vic kt ni cc hp, ng ra lnh ny s tc ng n ng vo lnh kia to thnh chng trnh iu khin logic. Phng php kt ni ny cho php ta gii quyt c nhiu bi ton logic khc nhau. V d minh ha chng trnh FBD trn hnh 6.8.
Hnh 6.8:Chng trnh FBD ca PLC S7-200 Cc vn chnh cn quan tm khi lp trnh FBD. - FBD s dng c cc tp ln SIMATIC v IEC1131-3. - Lun chuyn i t chng trnh FBD sang STL.
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CHNG 7:
TP LNH S7 200
7.1 NHM LNH V TIP IM. 7.1.1 Lnh Vo/Ra. - LOAD (LD) : Lnh LD np gi tr logic ca mt tip im vo trong bit u tin ca ngn xp, cc gi tr cn li trong ngn xp b y li xung mt bit. Ton hng gm I, Q, M, SM, V, C, T. o Dng LAD : tip im thng m I0.0 s ng nu ng vo PLC c a ch I0.0 tc ng.
o Dng STL : LD
I0.0
- LOAD NOT (LDN) : Lnh LDN np gi tr logic ca mt tip im vo trong bit u tin ca ngn xp, cc gi tr cn li trong ngn xp b y li xung mt bit. HCM Ton hng gm : I, Q, M, SM, V, C, T. TP. uat y th o Dng LAD : tip im thng ng s m khiKng vo PLC c a ch I0.0 t1c pham ng. H Su
B uo Tr yen u an q ng D
o Dng STL :
LDN
I0.0
- OUTPUT (=) : Lnh sao chp ni dung ca bit u tin trong ngn xp vo bit c ch nh trong lnh. Ni dung ngn xp khng b thay i. Ton hng bao gm : I,Q,M,SM,T,C (bit) o M t lnh OUTPUT bng LAD nh sau : Nu tip im I0.0 ng th cun dy Q0.0 s c cp in (lm cho ng ra ca PLC c a ch Q0.0=1)
o Dng STL : Gi tr logic I0.0 c a vo bit u tin ca ngn xp, v bit ny c sao chp vo bit ng ra Q0.0 . LD I0.0 = Q0.0
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V D: Lp trnh PLC iu khin o chiu ng c. - S kt ni PLC vi cc thit b :
Lp trnh dng LAD :
Ch thch :
CM
Ba
I0.0 : nt nhnTP. H dng uat I0.2 : Ky tnhn m my thun nt h pham H Su I0.3 : nt nhn m my nghch ng D Q0.0 : ng ra ni vi cun dy Kt. Truo yen Q0.1 : ng ra ni vi cun dy Kn. n qu
7.1.2 Lnh Ghi/ Xa. - SET (S) : Lnh dng ng cc im lin tc c chn trc. Trong LAD, logic ng ra s iu khin ng dng in cc cun dy u ra. Khi dng iu khin n cc cun dy th cc cun dy ng cc tip im. Trong STL, lnh truyn trng thi bit u tin ca ngn xp n cc im thit k. Nu bit ny c gi tr bng 1, cc lnh S s ng 1 tip im hoc mt dy cc tip im (gii hn t 1 n 255). Ni dung ca ngn xp khng b thay i bi cc lnh ny. o Dng LAD : khi tip im I0.0 ng lnh SET s ng mt mng gm n cc tip im k t a ch Q0.0. Ton hng bao gm I, Q, M, SM,T, C,V (bit)
o Dng STL : ghi gi tr logic vo mt mng gm n bit t a ch Q0.0 LD I0.0 S Q0.0, 5
TRANG58
IU KHIN LP TRNH 1
- RESET (R): Lnh dng ngt cc im lin tc c chn trc. Trong LAD, logic ng ra s iu khin ngt dng in cc cun dy u ra. Khi dng iu khin n cc cun dy th cc cun dy m cc tip im. Trong STL, lnh truyn trng thi bit u tin ca ngn xp n cc im thit k. Nu bit ny c gi tr bng 1, cc lnh R s ngt 1 tip im hoc mt dy cc tip im (gii hn t 1 n 255). Ni dung ca ngn xp khng b thay i bi cc lnh ny. o Dng LAD : ngt mt mng gm 10 cc tip im k t tip im c a ch Q0.0. Ton hng bao gm I, Q, M, SM,T, C,V (bit)
o Dng STL : xa mt mng gm 10 bit k t a ch Q0.0. LD I0.0 R Q0.0, 10 HCM 7.1.3 Lnh i s Bool. TP. huat Cc lnh tip im i s Bool cho php to lp cc mch logic (khng c nh). Trong Ky t LAD cc lnh ny c biu din thng qua cum pha trc mch, mc ni tip hay song H Su song cc tip im thng ng hay uongtip im thng m. cc D r
B - AND (A) : Dng LAD : nT quye an
Dng STL : LD I0.0 A I0.1 = Q0.0
- AND NOT(AN) : Dng LAD :
Dng STL : LD I0.0 AN I0.1 = Q0.0
- OR (O): Dng LAD : Dng STL : LD I0.0 O I0.1 = Q0.0
- OR NOT (ON): Dng LAD :
Dng STL : LD I0.0 ON I0.1 = Q0.0
TRANG59
IU KHIN LP TRNH 1
V d : Vit chng trnh iu khin m my ng c bng PLC. Lp trnh LAD Ghi ch : I0.0 : Nt nhn dng I0.1 : Nt nhn m Q0.0 : Cun dy KT Q0.0 : Tip im duy tr 7.1.4 Lnh Tip im c bit. - Tip im o, tc ng cnh xung, tc ng cnh ln :
NOT
C th dng cc lnh tip im c bit pht hin s chuyn tip trng thi ca xung (sn xung) v o li trng thi ca dng cung cp (gi tr nh ca ngn xp). LAD s dng cc tip im c bit ny tc ng vo dng cung cp. Cc tip im c bit khng c ton hng ring ca nn ta phi t chng pha trc cun dy hoc hp u ra. Tip im chuyn tip dng/m (cc lnh sn trc v. sn sau) c yu cu HCM TP v b nh, bi vy i vi CPU 214 c th s dng nhiu huat l 256 lnh. y t nht V d minh ha:
nT quye an ruon g up DH S ham K
Dng LAD : B
Dng STL : LD I0.0 EU = Q0.0 LD I0.0 ED = Q0.1 LD I0.0 NOT = Q0.2
Biu thi gian :

I0.0
Q0.0
Q0.1 Q0.2
Q0.1 Q0.2
TRANG60
IU KHIN LP TRNH 1
- Tip im trong vng nh c bit : o SM0.0 : Ngc li vi SM0.1, vng qut u tin th m nhng t vng qut th hai tr i th ng. o SM0.1 : Vng qut u tin tip im ny ng, k t vng qut th hai th m ra v gi nguyn trong sut qu trnh hat ng. o SM0.4 : Tip im to xung vi nhp xung vi chu k l 1 pht. o SM0.5 : Tip im to xung vi nhp xung vi chu k l 1s V D: Vit chng trnh iu khin ng c bng 1 nt nhn ON/OFF. Nhn ln 1 ng c hot ng, nhn ln 2 ng c dng. Khi b qu ti relay nhit th ng c t ng dng, n Overload nhp nhy.
B Chng trnh tham kho:
nT quye an
H Su ng D ruo
K pham
y th
P. HC uat T
7.2 NHM LNH V TIMER V COUNTER. 7.2.1 Lnh Timer. Timer l b to thi gian tr gia tn hiu vo v tn hiu ra nn trong iu khin thng c gi l khu tr. Nu k hiu tn hiu (logic) vo l x(t) v thi gian tr to ra bng Timer l th tn hiu u ra ca Timer s l x(t ) S7-200 c 64 b Timer (vi CPU 212) hoc 128 Timer (vi CPU 214) c chia lm 3 loi khc nhau: - Timer ng chm khng c nh (On-Delay Timer), k hiu l TON. - Timer m chm khng nh (Off Delay Timer), k hiu TOF. - Timer ng chm c nh (Retentive On-Delay Timer), k hiu TONR.
TRANG61
IU KHIN LP TRNH 1
nT quye an
H Su ng D ruo
K pham
y th
P. HC uat T
Ba loi Timer ca S7-200 phn bit vi nhau phn ng ca n i vi trng thi logic u vo. C hai Timer kiu TON v TONR cng bt u m thi gian k t thi im c sn ln tn hiu u vo, u vo chuyn trng thi logic t 0 ln 1, c gi l thi gian Timer c kch. Khi gi tr thi gian ca Timer ln hn hoc bng gi tr t trc th tip im ca Timer s ng li. Lc ny Timer vn tip tc m thi gian cho n gi tr max. Khi u vo c gi tr logic bng 0, TON t ng reset cn TONR th khng. Timer TON c dng to thi gian tr trong mt khong thi gian (min lin thng), cn vi TONR thi gian tr s c to ra trong nhiu khong thi gian khc nhau. Timer TOF dng m chm mt ng ra sau thi gian t trc no , k t khi logic ng vo chuyn t 1 xung 0. Khi ng vo Timer ln 1, tip im ca n ng ngay lp tc v t gi tr thi gian bng 0. Khi ng vo xung 0, Timer s m thi gian cho n gi tr t trc th tip im Timer s m ra.
TRANG62
IU KHIN LP TRNH 1
Timer TON, TOF v TONR u c 3 loi vi 3 phn gii khc nhau, phn gii 1ms, 10ms v 100ms. Thi gian tr c to ra chnh l tch ca phn gii ca b Timer c chn v gi tr t trc cho Timer. V d Timer c phn gii 10ms v gi tr t trc 50 th thi gian tr l 500ms. phn gii cc loi Timer ca S7-200, loi CPU 214, c trnh by trong bng bn di. Lnh TON, TOF phn gii 1 ms 10 ms 100 ms 1 ms TONR 10 ms 100 ms Gi tr cc i 32,767 s 327,67 s 3276,7 s 32,767 s 327,67 s 3276,7 s
K pham
CPU 214 T32 v T96 T33 T36, T97 T100 T37 T63, T101 T127 T0 v T64 T1 T4, T65 T68 T5 T31, T69 T95
y th P. HC uat T M
C php khai bo s dng Timer nh sau : LAD TON-Txx - IN
IN
- PT
PT
TONR-Txx _
IN
_ PT
M t H Su ng D xx kiu TON to Khai bo Timer sohiu u Tr yen tnh t khi u vo IN c thi gianu tr q Ban kch. Nu nh gi tr m tc thi ln hn hoc bng gi tr t trc PT th T-bit c gi tr logic bng 1. c th reset Timer kiu TON bng lnh R hoc bng gi tr logic 0 ti u vo IN. Khai bo Timer s hiu xx kiu TONR to thi gian tr tnh t khi u vo IN c kch. Nu nh gi tr m tc thi ln hn hoc bng gi tr t trc PT th T-bit c gi tr logic bng 1. Ch c th reset Timer kiu TON bng lnh R cho T-bit.
Ton hng Txx (word) CPU214:3263 96127 PT: VW, T, (word) C, IW, QW, MW, SMW, C, IW, hng s Txx (word) CPU214:031 64 95 PT: VW, T, (word) C,IW,QW, MW, SMW, AC, AIW, hng s
Khi s dng Timer TONR, gi tr m tc thi c lu li v khng b thay i trong khong thi gian khi tn hiu u vo c logic 0. Gi tr ca T-bit khng c nh m hon ton ph thuc vo kt qu so snh gia gi tr m tc thi v gi tr t trc. Khi Reset mt b Timer, T-word v T-bit ca n ng thi c xa v c gi tr bng 0, nh vy gi tr m tc thi c t v 0 v tn hiu u ra cng c trng thi logic 0.
TRANG63
IU KHIN LP TRNH 1
V d: S dng Timer kiu TON
nT quye an
H Su ng D ruo
K pham
y th
P. HC uat T
V d: S dng timer kiu TONR
TRANG64
IU KHIN LP TRNH 1
V d: S dng timer kiu TOF
nT quye an
H Su ng D ruo
K pham
y th
P. HC uat T
V D MINH HA: Lp trnh logic cho PLC iu khin dy chuyn sn xut gm 3 ng c hot ng theo yu cu sau : Nhn nt khi ng cho ng c 1 chy, sau 5s cho php vn hnh 2. Nhn nt khi ng cho ng c 2 chy ng thi lc ny ng c 1 ngng, sau 10s th cho php vn hnh ng c 3. Nhn nt khi ng cho ng c 3 chy ng thi ng c 2 ngng. Nhn nt dng th bt k ng c no chy cng phi ngng. S kt ni PLC :
TRANG65
IU KHIN LP TRNH 1
7.2.2 Lnh Counter. Counter l b m thc hin chc nng m sn xung, trong S7-200 cc b m c chia lm 3 loi : b m ln (CTU), b m xung (CU) v b m ln/xung (CTUD).
nT quye an
H Su ng D ruo
K pham
y th
P. HC uat T
B m ln CTU m s sn ln ca tn hiu logic u vo, tc l m s ln thay i trng thi logic t 0 ln 1 ca tn hiu. S xung m c ghi vo thanh ghi 2 byte ca b m, gi l thanh ghi C-word.Ni dung ca thanh ghi C-word, gi l gi tr m tc thi ca b m, lun c so snh vi gi tr t trc ca b m, c k hiu l PV. Khi gi tr m tc thi bng hoc ln hn gi tr t trc ny th b m bo ra ngoi bng cch t gi tr logic 1 vo mt bit c bit ca n, gi l C-bit. Trng hp gi tr m tc thi nh hn gi tr t trc th C-bit c gi tr logic l 0. B m ln/xung CTUD m ln khi gp sn ln ca xung vo cng m ln, k hiu l CU hoc bit th 3 ca ngn xp trong STL, v m xung khi gp sn ln ca xung vo cng m xung, k hiu l CD trong LAD hoc bit th 2 ca ngn xp trong STL. Khc vi cc b Timer, cc b m CTU v CTUD u c chn ni vi tn hiu iu khin xa thc hin vic t li ch ban u (reset) cho b m, c
TRANG66
IU KHIN LP TRNH 1
k hiu bng ch ci R trong LAD, hay c qui nh l trng thi logic ca bit u tin ca ngn xp trong STL. B m c reset khi tn hiu xo ny c mc logic 1 hoc khi lnh R (reset) c thc hin vi C-bit. Khi b m c reset, c C-word v C-bit u c gi tr 0. B m ln CTU c min gi tr m tc thi t 0 n 32.767. B m ln/xung CTUD c min gi tr m tc thi t 32.768 n 32.767. B m xung CU m xung t gi tr t trc khi c sn ln tc ng vo cng m xung. Khi gi tr m bng 0 th dng m v tip im ca n s ng. Khi chn Load LD tc ng th b m xung s m tip im v np gi tr t trc vo. LAD M t Ton hng
CTU Cxx
CU R PV
CTD-Cxx
Khai bo b m tin theo sn ln ca Cxx : (word) CU. Khi gi tr m tc thi C-word Cxx CPU 214 : 0 47 ln hn hoc bng gi tr t trc PV, C80 127 bit (Cxx) c gi tr logic bng 1. B m PV(word) : VW, T, c reset khi u vo R c gi tr logic C,CM IW, QW, MW, H TP.SMW, AC, AIW, t bng 1. B m ngng m khi C-word thua Cxx t c gi tr cc i. ham Ky hng s, *VD, *AC Khai n quyen m tin/li, m tin theo bo b Baln ca CU, m li theo sn ln ca sn CD. Khi gi tr m tc thi C-word Cxx ln hn hoc bng gi tr t trc PV, Cbit (Cxx) c gi tr logic bng 1. B m ngng m tin khi C-word Cxx t c gi tr cc i 32.767 v ngng m li khi C-word Cxx t c gi tr cc i 32.768. CTUD reset khi u vo R c gi tr logic bng 1.
Tr uo H Su ng D p
Cxx (word) CPU 214 : 48 79 PV(word) : VW, T, C, IW, QW, MW, SMW, AC, AIW, hng s, *VD, *AC
CU CD R PV
V d:
o S dng b m CTU :
LD I0.0 LD I0.1 CTU C40, +5
TRANG67
IU KHIN LP TRNH 1
Gin thi gian :
o S dng b m CTD:
M
nT quye an
H Su ng D ruo
K pham
y th
P. HC uat T
TRANG68
IU KHIN LP TRNH 1
o S dng b m CTUD :
nT quye an
H Su ng D ruo
K pham
y th
P. HC uat T
7.3 NHM LNH SO SNH. Khi lp trnh, nu cc quyt nh v iu khin c thc hin da trn kt qu ca vic so snh th c th s dng lnh so snh theo Byte, Word hay DWord ca S7-200. Nhng lnh so snh thng l: so snh nh hn hoc bng (<=); so snh bng (= =) v so snh ln hn hoc bng (>=). Khi so snh gi tr ca byte th khng cn phi n du ca ton hng, ngc li khi so snh cc t hay t kp vi nhau th phi n du ca ton hng l bit cao nht trong t hoc t kp. Trong STL nhng lnh so snh thc hin php so snh byte, Word hay DWord. Cn c vo kiu so snh (<=, = =, >=), kt qu ca php so snh c gi tr bng 0 (nu ng) hoc bng 1 (nu sai) nn n c th c kt hp cng cc lnh LD, A, O. to ra c cc php so snh m S7-200 khng c lnh so snh tng ng (nh so snh
TRANG69
IU KHIN LP TRNH 1
khng bng nhau <>, so snh nh hn <, hoc so snh ln hn >) ta c th kt hp lnh NOT vi cc lnh c (= =, >=, <=) LAD
N n1 N n2 = =B
N n2 = =I
N n2 = =D
M t Tip im ng khi n1=n2 B = byte I = Integer = Word
Ton hng n1, n2 (byte): VB, IB, QB, MB, SMB, AC, Const, *VD, *AC
N n1
N n1
D = Double Integer
N n1
N n2 = =R
N n2 > =B
R = Real Tip im ng khi n1>= n2 B = byte I = Integer = Word D = Double Integer Truo R = Real Tip im ng khi n1<= n2 B = byte I = Integer = Word n1, n2(Dword) : VD, ID, QD, MD, SMD, AC, HC, hng s, *VD, *AC
H Su ng D ph yt am K hu
N n1
N n1
N n2 >= I N n2 > =D
n1, n2 (word): VW, T, C, QW, MW, SMW, AC, AIW, hng s, M *VD, HC TP. *AC at
N n1
N n1
N n2 > =R
N n2 < =B N n2 <= I N n2 < =D N n2 <=R
uyen an q B
N n1
N n1
N n1
D = Double Integer
N n1
R = Real
V d: - S dng lnh v Timer v So snh, Vit chng trnh iu khin n giao thng ti ng 4 theo yu cu: Xanh 4s, Vng 1s, 5s. C 2 nt nhn ch bnh thng v u tin. - Thc hin tng t vi lnh Counter.
TRANG70
IU KHIN LP TRNH 1
7.4 NHM LNH V CNG LOGIC. Ngoi nhng lnh ghp ni tip, song song v tng hp cc tip im th tp lnh ca S7-200 cn cung cp cc cng logic AND, OR, EXOR thc hin i vi byte (8 bit hay 8 tip im), word (16 bit hay 16 tip im) v double word (32 bit hay 32 tip im). Sau y l chi tit ca tng cng: 7.4.1 Lnh AND. - Lnh AND byte : Dng LAD : Dng STL: ANDB VB0, VB1
ngha: Lnh thc hin php AND tng bit ca hai byte ng vo IN1 v IN2, kt qu c ghi vo 1 byte ng ra OUT, a ch ng ra c th ging ng vo. P. HCM tT Ton hng trong cu lnh thuc mt trong cc vng aychusau : th a K IN1 : VB, T, C, IB, QB, Su pham const SMB, AC, IN2 : VB, T, C,uongQB, SMB, AC IB, DH r V d: nT quye Ban VB10 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 AND VB20 Kt qu VB20 Lnh AND Word : Dng LAD : 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1
Dng STL: ANDW VW0, VW1
ngha : Lnh thc hin php AND tng bit ca hai Word ng vo IN1 v IN2, kt qu c ghi vo 1 Word ng ra OUT, a ch ng ra c th ging ng vo. Ton hng trong cu lnh thuc mt trong cc vng a ch sau IN1 : VW, T, C, IW, QW, SMW, AC, const IN2 : VW, T, C, IW, QW, SMW, AC
TRANG71
IU KHIN LP TRNH 1
V d : VW10 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 AND VW12 Kt qu VW12 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1
Lnh AND DWord : Dng LAD :
Dng STL: ANDD VD0, VD4
7.4.2 Lnh OR. - Lnh OR byte :
B Dng LAD :
nT quye an
H Su ng D ruo
K pham
y th
P. HC uat T
Dng STL: ORB VB0, VB1
ngha : Lnh thc hin php OR tng bit ca hai byte ng vo IN1 v IN2, kt qu c ghi vo 1 byte ng ra OUT, a ch ng ra c th ging ng vo. Ton hng trong cu lnh thuc mt trong cc vng a ch sau IN1 : VB, T, C, IB, QB, SMB, AC, const IN2 : VB, T, C, IB, QB, SMB, AC V d: VD10 OR VD20 Kt qu VD20 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0
TRANG72
IU KHIN LP TRNH 1
Lnh OR word : Dng LAD :
Dng STL: ORW VW0, VW2
Lnh OR Double word : Dng LAD :
Dng STL: ORDW VD0, VD4
P. HC 7.5 NHM LNH V CC PHP TON LOGIC. uat T y th 7.5.1 Lnh Cng. mK
Lnh cng s nguyn 16 bit :
Dng LAD :
B
nT quye an
ruo
H Su ng D
pha
Dng STL : +I VW0, VW2
ngha : Lnh thc hin cng cc s nguyn 16 bit IN1 v IN2 , kt qu l s nguyn 16 bit c ghi vo OUT, IN1 + IN2 = OUT, IN2 v OUT c th cng a ch, thuc cc vng nh sau IN1, IN2 : VW,T ,C, IW, QW, MW, SMW, AC, AIW, const. OUT : VW,T ,C, IW, QW, MW, SMW, AC, AIW 7.5.2 Lnh Tr. Lnh tr s nguyn 16 bit Dng LAD :
Dng STL : +I VW0, VW2
TRANG73
IU KHIN LP TRNH 1
ngha : Lnh c thc hin php tr cc s nguyn 16 bit IN1v IN2 , kt qu l s nguyn 16 bit v c ghi vo OUT, tc l : IN1 IN2 = OUT, a ch thuc cc vng nh sau IN1, IN2 : VW,T ,C, IW, QW, MW, SMW, AC, AIW, const. OUT : VW,T ,C, IW, QW, MW, SMW, AC, AIW. 7.5.3 Lnh Nhn. Nhn s nguyn 16 bit : Dng LAD :
Dng STL : MUL VW0, VD0
ngha : HCM Lnh thc hin php nhn 2 s nguyn 16bit IN1 v IN2.hKt TP. 32 bit cha trong t qu uat Ky t kp OUT (4 byte). ham
uo 7.5.4 Lnh Chia. Tr yen Chia s nguyn 16 bit an qu : B Dng LAD : H Su ng D p
Dng STL :
MOVW VW0, VW6 DIV VW2, VD4
ngha : Lnh thc hin php chia s nguyn 16 bit IN1 cho s nguyn 16 bit IN2. Kt qu 32 bit cha trong t kp OUT (4 byte) gm thng s ghi trong mng 16 bit t bit 0 n bit 15 (t thp) v phn d cng 16 bit ghi trong mng t bit 16 n bit 31 (t cao). Trong lnh ny c s dng cc bit nh c bit sau bo trng thi. Kt qu tnh =0 Bo trn S m Mu = 0 SM1.0 1 SM1.1 SM1.2 1 1 1 SM1.3
TRANG74
IU KHIN LP TRNH 1
7.6 NHM LNH DI CHUYN V BIN I D LIU. 7.6.1 Lnh Di chuyn. Cc lnh di chuyn thc hin vic di chuyn hoc sao chp d liu t vng ny sang vng khc trong b nh. Lnh dch chuyn thc hin vic di chuyn hay sao chp ni dung mt byte, mt t n, hoc mt t kp t vng ny sang vng khc trong b nh. Lnh trao i ni dung ca hai byte trong mt t n thc hin vic chuyn ni dung ca byte thp sang byte cao v ngc li chuyn ni dung ca byte cao sang byte thp ca t . Sau y l chi tit ca tng lnh. - MOV_B : Dng LAD Dng STL MOVB VB0, VB0
ngha: HCM TP. Lnh sao chp ni dung ca byte a ch ng vo IN thuat byte c a ch ng ra sang Ky OUT. a ch ca byte ng vo IN v a chpham ng ra OUT c th ging nhau, byte H Su thuc cc vng sau: ng D uo IN : VB, IB, yen MB, SMB, AC, const QB, Tr qu OUT: VB,nIB, QB, MB, SMB, AC, Ba V d : Dng LAD Dng STL LD I0.0 MOVB 0, VB0 LD I0.1 MOVB 12, VB0
Gii thch : Nu tip im I0.0 ng th ly gi tr 0 ghi vo byte VB0 (xa VB0) Tip theo ng tip im I0.1 th ly s 12 ghi vo VB0. Kt qu a ch byte VB0 c gi tr bng 12 (nh phn).
TRANG75
IU KHIN LP TRNH 1
MOV_W : Dng LAD Dng STL MOVW VW0, VW0
ngha : Lnh sao chp ni dung ca Word a ch ng vo IN sang Word c a ch ng ra OUT, a ch ng ra c th ging ng vo, nm trong cc vng sau: IN: VW, IW, QW, MW, SMW, AC, const OUT: VW, IW, QW, MW, SMW, AC - MOV_DW : `Dng LAD
H Su ng D p
nT quye an
ruo
uat T y th K ham MOVDW VD0, VD0
Dng STL CM P. H
ngha : Lnh sao chp ni dung ca DWord a ch ng vo IN sang DWord c a ch ng ra OUT, a ch ng ra c th ging ng vo, nm trong cc vng sau: IN: VD, ID, QD, MDW, SMD, AC, const OUT: VD, ID, QD, MD, SMD, AC - MOV_R : (dch chuyn s thc) Dng LAD
Dng STL MOVR VD0, VD0
TRANG76
IU KHIN LP TRNH 1
ngha : Lnh sao chp ni dung ca s thc cha trong double word c a ch ng vo IN sang double word c a ch ng vo OUT, a ch ng ra c th ging ng vo, thng nm trong cc vng sau: IN: VD, ID, QD, MD, SMD, AC, const OUT: VD, ID, QD, MD, SMD, AC D liu c ghi vo trong cc a ch ny theo nguyn tc sau : Phn nguyn ghi vo word thp Phn thp phn ghi vo word cao V d :
nT quye an
H Su ng D ruo
K pham
y th
P. HC uat T
Gii Thch : Tip im I0.0 ng th xa double word 0 (VD0), tip im I0.1 ng th ghi s thc 30,2 vo double word VD0, kt qu nh sau : VD0 VW2 (word cao) 20 (nh phn) 7.6.2 Lnh Tng Gim. - Lnh cng s nguyn 1 vo ni dung byte : Dng LAD : VW0 (word thp) 30 (nh phn)
Dng STL : INCB VB0
ngha : Lnh ny c tc dng cng s nguyn 1 n v vi ni dung ca byte c a ch ng vo IN, kt qu c ghi vo byte c a ch ng ra OUT. Byte IN v byte OUT c
TRANG77
IU KHIN LP TRNH 1
th cng a ch. Lnh ny c s dng cc bit nh c bit SM1.0, SM1.1, SM1.2 bo trng thi kt qu php tnh theo nguyn tc nh sau : Kt qu tnh =0 S m > byte V d : Dng LAD : Dng STL : SM1.0 1 SM1.1 SM1.2 1 1
MOVB 10, VB0 INCB VB0

P. HC uat T M
nT quye an
H Su ng D ruo
K pham
y th
Gii thch : Tip im I0.0 ng th s 10 c ghi vo VB0, tip im I0.1 ng th ni dung ca VB0 tng ln 1 n v v kt qu c lu li VB0. Lc ny VB0 = 11. Lnh cng s nguyn 1 vo ni dung word : Dng LAD : Dng STL : INCW VW0
ngha : Lnh ny c tc dng cng s nguyn 1 n v vi ni dung ca word c a ch ng vo IN, kt qu c ghi vo word c a ch ng ra OUT , word IN v word OUT c th cng a ch v lnh ny c s dng cc bit nh c bit SM1.0, SM1.1, SM1.2 bo trng thi kt qu php tnh theo nguyn tc nh sau:
TRANG78
IU KHIN LP TRNH 1
Kt qu tnh =0 S m > byte -
SM1.0 1
SM1.1 SM1. 2 1 1
Lnh cng s nguyn 1 vo ni dung double word : Dng LAD :
Dng STL : INCD VD0
ngha : HCM Lnh ny c tc dng cng s nguyn 1 n v vi ni dungTP. double word c a ca huat K t ch ng vo IN, kt qu c ghi vo doub word cya ch ng ra OUT , double pham word IN v double word OUT c th cng H Such. Lnh ny cng s dng cc bit nh a gD c bit SM1.0, SM1.1, SM1.2 Truon bo trng thi kt qu php tnh theo nguyn tc nh uyen sau : an q B Kt qu tnh =0 S m > byte Lnh tr ni dung ca byte i 1 n v : Dng LAD : SM1.0 1 1 1 SM1.1 SM1. 2
Dng STL : DECB VB0
ngha : Lnh ny c tc dng ly ni dung ca byte c a ch ng vo IN tr i 1 n v , kt qu c ghi vo byte c a ch ng ra OUT , byte IN v byte OUT c th cng a ch v lnh ny cng s dng cc bit nh c bit SM1.0, SM1.1, SM1.2 bo trng thi kt qu php tnh theo nguyn tc nh sau :
TRANG79
IU KHIN LP TRNH 1
Kt qu tnh =0 S m > byte -
SM1.0 1
SM1.1 SM1. 2 1 1
Lnh tr ni dung ca word i 1 n v : Dng LAD :
Dng STL : DECW VW0
ngha : HCM Lnh ny c tc dng ly ni dung ca word c a ch uat Tvo IN tr i 1 n v , ng P. y th kt qu c ghi vo word c a ch ng ra OUTm trong lnh word IN v word OUT a ,K u ph c th cng a ch v lnh ny cng s dng cc bit nh c bit SM1.0, SM1.1, DH S ng ru tnh theo nguyn tc nh sau: SM1.2 bo trng thi kt qu phpo nT
Ban quye
Kt qu tnh =0 S m > byte
SM1.0 1
SM1.1 SM1. 2 1 1
Lnh tr ni dung ca double word i 1 n v : Dng LAD : Dng STL : DECD VD0
ngha : Lnh ny c tc dng ly ni dung ca double word c a ch ng vo IN tr i 1 n v , kt qu c ghi vo double word c a ch ng ra OUT , trong lnh double word IN v double word OUT c th cng a ch v lnh ny cng s dng cc bit nh c bit SM1.0, SM1.1, SM1.2 bo trng thi kt qu php tnh theo nguyn tc nh sau :
TRANG80
IU KHIN LP TRNH 1
Kt qu tnh =0 S m > byte
SM1.0 1
SM1.1 SM1. 2 1 1
7.6.3 Lnh Chuyn i. - Chuyn i s nguyn sang m led 7 on: Dng LAD : Dng STL : SEG VB0, VB0
ngha :
HS Lnh ny c tc dng chuyn i cc sgtrong h thp lc phn t 0 n F (dng nh n D uo Tr phn) cha trong 4 bit thp canbyte c a ch ng vo IN thnh gi tr BIT cha ye u trong 8 bit ca byte cBan q ng ra OUT tng ng vi thanh led 7 on CK, a a ch ch ng ra c th ging ng vo, nm trong nhng vng sau:
K pham
y th
P. HC uat T
IN: V d : Dng LAD:
VB, IB, QB, MB, SMB,AC, const
OUT: VB, IB,AB,MB,SMB,AC Dng STL:
LD LD
I0.0 I0.1
MOVW +3, VW0 SEG VB0, AC0
Gii thch :
TRANG81
IU KHIN LP TRNH 1
Khi tip im I0.0 ng th s 7 c ghi vo VW0, sau tip im I0.1 ng th gi tr cha trong 4 bit thp ca byte VB0 chuyn thnh 8 bit cha trong thanh ghi AC0. Ta c th minh ha theo bit nh sau : VB1 VW0 VB0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 VB1 SEG AC0 0 VB0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 . g f e d c b a 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1
Lnh chuyn i m BCD sang s nguyn: Dng LAD :
Dng STL : BCDI VW0

M
B nghi: Lnh ny thc hin php bin i mt s dng m BCD 16 bit cha trong word c a ch ng vo IN sang s nguyn dng nh phn 16 bit cha trong word c a ch ng ra OUT, a ch ng ra c th ging ng vo, thng nm trong cc vng sau : IN: VW, T, C, IW, QW, MW, SMW, AC, AIW, const OUT: VW, T, C, IW, QW, MW, SMW, AC.
nT quye an
H Su ng D ruo
K pham
y th
P. HC uat T
Lnh chuyn i s nguyn sang m BCD: Dng LAD :
Dng STL : I BCD VW0
nghi : Lnh ny thc hin php bin i mt s nguyn dng nh phn 16 bit cha trong word c a ch ng vo IN sang m BCD 16 bit cha trong word c a ch ng ra OUT, a ch ng ra c th ging ng vo, thng nm trong cc vng sau : IN : VW, T, C, IW, QW, MW, SMW, AC, AIW, const OUT : VW, T, C, IW, QW, MW, SMW, AC.
TRANG82
IU KHIN LP TRNH 1
7.7 LNH V NG H THI GIAN THC. Trong thit b iu khin lp trnh PLC S7-200 k t CPU 214 tr i th trong CPU c mt ng h ghi gi tr thi gian thc gm cc thng s v Nm, thng, ngy, gi, pht, giy v ngy trong tun. ng h ny c cp in lin tc bi ngun pin 3V. Khi thc hin lp trnh cho cc h thng t ng iu khin cn cp nht gi tr ng h thi gian thc ny ta s dng 2 lnh sau : - Lnh c thi gian thc: Dng LAD : Dng STL :
TODR VB0
ngha : Lnh ny c ni dung ca ng h thi gian thc ri chuyn sang m BCD v lu vo b m 8 byte lin tip nhau theo th t nh sau:
nT quye an
H Su ng D ruo
Trong byte u tin c ch nh bi ton hng T trong cu lnh, byte 7 ch s dng 4 bit thp lu gi tr cc ngy trong tun. Lnh t thi gian thc: Dng LAD :
Dng STL :
TODW VB0
TRANG83
IU KHIN LP TRNH 1
ngha : Lnh ny c tc dng ghi ni dung ca b m 8 byte vi byte u tin c ch nh trong ton hng T vo ng h thi gian thc. Trong T thuc 1 trong nhng vng nh sau : VB, IB, QB, MB, SMB. Nu cn iu chnh cc thnng s v nm, thng, ngy, gi, pht, giy, ngy trong tun th iu chnh cc byte nh sau :
nT quye an
H Su ng D ruo
K pham
y th
P. HC uat T
TRANG84
IU KHIN LP TRNH 1
V d : iu chnh gi tr ngy ta lm nh sau : Dng LAD
Dng STL
LD I0.0 TODR VB100 MOVB VB102, AC0 INCB AC0 MOVB AC0, VB102 TODW VB100
nT quye an
H Su ng D ruo
K pham
y th
P. HC uat T
Gi tr trc x l : VB100 B101 VB102 B103 VB104 VB105 VB106 VB107 2003 02 30 09 20 35 0 4
Sau khi x l : VB100 VB101 VB102 VB103 VB104 VB105 VB106 VB107 2003 02 31 09 20 35 0 4
TRANG85
IU KHIN LP TRNH 1
BI TP
BT1: Lp trnh m my ng c dng 1 nt nhn ON/OFF, hot ng theo yu cu sau: - Nhn nt ON/OFF ln 1 ng c chy, n D sng. - Nhn nt ON/OFF ln 2 ng c dng, n D tt - Khi c s c nh qu ti, r le nhit RN tc ng ,ng c dng v n D sng nhp nhy lin tc. - Sau khi x l s c xong nhn nt RESET r le nhit, sau nhn ON ng c chy li bnh thng.
ON/OFF
CB
RN I0.0 Q0.0 Q0.1 K
RN
K
I0.1
RN
nT quye an
ruo
H Su ng D
+
K pham
Com1
y th
P. HC uat T
M
220VAC L N
Com2
S MCH KT NI V I PLC
. MCH NG LC
TRANG86
IU KHIN LP TRNH 1
BT2 : Lp trnh m my ng c dng 2 nt nhn ON/OFF, hot ng theo yu cu sau: - Nhn nt ON ng c s chy, n D sng. - Nhn nt OFF ng c dng, n D tt. - Khi c s c nh qua ti r le nhit RN tc ng , ng c dng v n D s nhp nhy lin tc. - Sau khi x l s c xong nhn nt RESET r le nhit v bng iu khin, ng c chy li bnh thng
3P 380V AC
CB
OFF I0.0 ON I0.1 RN RESET I0.2 I0.3 + Com1 Com2 Q0.1 Q0.0
RN K
K
RN
220VAC
MCH KT NI PLC n quye Ban
uon Tr
u DH S
K pham
y th
P. HC uat T
M
MCH NG LC
TRANG87
IU KHIN LP TRNH 1
BT3 : M my ng c 3 pha quay thun nghch dng nt nhn FOR,REV,OFF, hot ng theo yu cu sau: - n STOP sng bo hiu ng c ang dng. - Nhn nt FOR , ng c chy thun, n FOR sng, mun dng ng c nhn STOP, n FOR tt. - Nhn nt REV, ng c chy nghch, n REV sng, mun dng ng c nhn STOP, n REV tt. - Khi ng c ang chy mun chuyn i chiu quay ng c nhn STOP trc, sau nhn FOR hay REV. - Khi c s c nh qu ti, r le nhit RN tc ng ,ng c dng, n FOR v REV tt, n OL sng nhp nhy lin tc. - Sau khi x l s c xong nhn nt RESET r le nhit, sau nhn FOR hay REV ng c chy li bnh thng.
3P 380VAC
RN STOP I0.0 FOR I0.1 REV I0.2 RN I0.3 Q0.3 Q0.4 Q0.5 Q0.2 Q0.1 KN FOR REV STOP Q0.0 KT KN KT
CB
nT quye an
OL
H Su ng D ruo
K pham
KT
y th
HCM TP. KT :: Cong tacc t thuan KN Cong ta t nghch uat

KN
Chu thch RN : R le nhiet
RN
ONG C
220VAC
+ -
Com1
Com2 L
TRANG88
IU KHIN LP TRNH 1
BT4 : iu khin ng c 1 pha bm nc ging ln h cha vi yu cu sau : - Nc h cn ng c chy - Nc h y ng c dng. - Khi ng c ang chy nu nc trong ng khng c 30 giy sau ng c dng li, chung ku bo mi nc.
1P 220V AC
ON/OFF I0.0 AUTO/MAN L I0.2 H I0.3 AL I0.4 RN I0.5 Q0.2 I0.1 Q0.0 Q0.1
K
ON chuong
CB
RN
220VAC
+ -
Com1
Com2 N
nT quye an
Cam bie n H
H Su ng D ruo
C am bie n AL
K pham
y th
P. HC uat T
M c n c
HO CH A L
BM
TRANG89
IU KHIN LP TRNH 1
BT5 : Lp trnh PLC iu khin dy chuyn sn xut gm 3 ng c hot ng nh sau : - Nhn nt khi ng cho ng c 1 chy, sau 5s cho php vn hnh 2. - Nhn nt khi ng cho ng c 2 chy, ng thi lc ny ng c 1 ngng, sau 10s th cho php vn hnh ng c 3. - Nhn nt khi ng ng c 3 chy ng thi lc ny ng c 2 ngng. - Nhn nt dng th bt k ng c no chy cng phi ngng.
nT quye an
H Su ng D ruo
K pham
y th
P. HC uat T
TRANG90
IU KHIN LP TRNH 1
BT6 : Lp trnh PLC iu khin bn trn ha cht t 2 loi khc nhau hot ng nh sau: Nhn nt khi ng, bm 1 v 2 lm vic bm 2 loi ha cht vo bn trn, khi ha cht y th 2 bm ngng v my trn hat ng trong vng 5 pht. Khi trn xong th van x v bm 3 hat ng bm ho cht s dng. Khi s dng ht th van x v bm 3 ngng lm vic ng thi lc bm 1 v 2 hat ng tr li cho chu k mi. Nu trong qu tnh hat ng c s c hoc bm nt dng th h thng s dng ngay. Trong lc bm 1 v 2 cng c 2 nt dng ring. S bn trn :
nT quye an
H Su ng D ruo
K pham
y th
P. HC uat T
TRANG91
IU KHIN LP TRNH 1
BI TP V NH
BT 1: M my ng c 3 pha thun nghch dng 2 nt nhn ON/OFF v FOR/REV theo yu cu sau: - Nu n FOR sng th khi nhn nt ON/OFF ln 1 n ON sng bo hiu ng c ang chy thun. Nu n REV sng th nhn nt ON/OFF ln 1, n ON sng bo hiu ng c ang chy nghch. - Khi ng c ang chy mun i chiu quay ca ng c, phi nhn nt ON/OFF ln 2 dng ng c v nhn nt FOR/REV sau nhn li nt ON/OFF chy ng c. - Khi c s c qu ti, r le RN tc ng lm ng c dng, n ON s tt , n FOR hay REV s sng bo hiu chiu qu ti v n OL s sng nhp nhy. - Khi s c c khc phc, nhn RESET r le nhit v nhn nt ON/OFF chy ng c. Ch xem n hin th FOR v REV bit chiu quay ng c trc khi nhn ON/OFF..
y th P. HC uat T M
nT quye an
H Su ng D ruo
K pham
BT 2: Chng trnh iu khin ng c 1 pha bm nc ging ln h cha theo hnh v, vi yu cu:

C a m b ie n H C a m b ie n AL
ON/OFF I0.0 AUTO/MAN L I0.2 H I0.3 AL I0.4 RN I0.5 Q0.2 I0.1 Q0.0 Q0.1
M c n c
K
ON
L H O C H A
chuo ng
B M
220VAC
+ -
Com1
Com2 N
S O L A P A T T H IE T B
ch iu khin bng tay:
TRANG92
IU KHIN LP TRNH 1
cng tc A/M v pha M, nhn nt ON/OFF ln 1 ng c chy, n ON sng. Nhn nt ON/OFF ln 2 th ng c dng, n ON tt. - ch t ng: cng tc A/M v pha A. Khi nc cn di mc L th ng c chy, bm nc ln h. Khi nc dng ln n mc H hay trn mc H th ng c dng. Khi mc nc gia mc L v mc H th ng c s gi nguyn trng thi. Nu ang bm th tip tc bm, nu ang dng th tip tc dng. Khi ng c ang chy m trong ng khng c nc trn 30 giy th dng, chung s ku. Chuyn cng tc v pha MAN chung ht ku, nhn nt ON/OFF ln 1 bm chy mi nc. Nu c nc ln h th nhn nt ON/OFF ln 2 dng bm v chuyn cng tc AUTO/MAN v pha AUTO cho bm chy ch t ng. Ghi ch : Cm bin L, H, AL tc ng khi u d c nc v ngc li. BT 3: iu khin ng c chy 5s dng 10s, lp li 5 ln ri dng hn, dng 1 nt nhn ON/OFF iu khin - Nhn nt ON/OFF ln 1 ng c chy, n sng trong 5s ri ng c dng, n HCM ON tt trong 10s v lp i lp li 5 ln theo chu k ri uat TPhn. Sau nu nhn dng . th tip nt nhn ON/OFF ng li chy 5s v dng Ky lp li theo chu k 5 ln ri am 10s u ph dng hn. DH S g - Nu ng c ang hot ng ruon chng trnh m ta nhn ON/OFF ng c theo nT dng hn, n ONBtt.quye an - Nu c s c qu ti, r le nhit RN tc ng, ng c dng hn, n ON tt, n OL nhp nhy. - Khi khc phc xong s c nhn RESET r le nhit RN, mch hot ng li bnh thng.
ON/OFF RN I0.1 Q0.1 Q0.2
PLC S7-200
I0.0 Q0.0
RN
1P 220V A C
K
ON OL
RN CB
220VAC
+ -
Com
Com
S kt ni PLC S O KET NOI PLC
BT 4: Chng trnh iu khin n giao thng theo yu cu sau: - ch tay: Chuyn nt AUTO-MAN v pha MAN th n 1 v Xanh 2 sng trc, n 2 v Xanh 1 tt. Nhn nt P ln 1 n 1 v Xanh 2 tt, n 2 v Xanh 1 sng. Nu nhn tip nt P th hot ng ca cc n tr li trng thi ban u. - ch ng t ng: Chuyn nt AUTO-MAN v pha AUTO th hot ng ca cc n c biu din nh hnh v sau:
S S mchHng lc O M A C O N G L C
TRANG93
IU KHIN LP TRNH 1
Cc n hot ng theo hnh trn trong 10 chu k, sau n Vng 1 v Vng 2 nhp nhy 5 chu k.
o 1 Vang 1 Xanh 1 o 2 Vang 2 Xanh 2

0 25 30 55 60
1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 t(s)
P LC S 7-200
1-2
I0.0 I0.1
Q0.0 Q0.1 Q0.2
o 1 Vang 1 Xanh 1 t y am oK ph 2 Vang 2 Xanh 2
T on g-Tay
A-M
nT quye an
Q0.3 Su H ng D Q0.4 ruo Q0.5
P. HC uat T
220VAC
+ -
C om
C om
S O ni PLC S ktKET NOI PL C
BT 5: Vit chng trnh iu khin 2 ng c theo yu cu sau:

ON/OFF I0.0 Pr I0.2 RESET I0.3 RN1 I0.4 RN2 I0.5 Q0.3 Q0.4 Q0.5 Q0.6 Q0.7 K1 K2 Q0.2 Q0.1 Q0.0
3P 380VAC
CT1 CT2 CT3 RN1 RN2 M1 M2
RN1 RN2 K1 K2 CB1 CB2
ER
M1 M2
220VAC
+ -
Com
Com
S kt KET NOPLC ni I PLC S O
S Mch ONG LClc S O MACH ng
TRANG94
IU KHIN LP TRNH 1
u tin nhn nt Pr chn chng trnh, nu khng nhn nt chn chng trnh m nhn nt ON/OFF n Er s nhp nhy, nhn nt RESET phc hi li trng thi c. - Nhn nt Pr ln 1, n CT1 sng bo hiu chng trnh 1 sn sng. Nhn nt ON iu khin 2 ng c chy theo chng trnh 1. Nhn nt OFF, 2 ng c dng. - Nhn nt Pr ln 2 n CT2 sng bo hiu chng trnh 2 sn sng. Nhn nt ON iu khin 2 ng c chy theo chng trnh 2. Nhn nt OFF, 2 ng c dng. - Nhn nt Pr ln 3 n CT3 sng bo hiu chng trnh 3 sn sng. Nhn nt ON iu khin 2 ng c chy theo chng trnh 1. Nhn nt OFF, 2 ng c dng. - Nu c s c xy ra 2 ng c s dng, ng c no b s c qu ti th r le ca ng c tc ng v n M ca ng c nhp nhy. Sau khi s c c khc phc n M s ht nhp nhy. - n M1 v M2 s sng khi ng c M1 v M2 chy v tt khi ng c dng. Chng trnh 1 : K1 v K2 hot ng khi nhn ON v OFF Chng trnh 2 : K1 chy 5s ri dng, K2 chy 10s ri dng v lp CM li. H Tchu Chng trnh 3 : K1 v K2 cng chy 5s, dng 10s, lp li theo P. k 5 ln ri dng. uat BT 6: H Su ng D Chng trnh iu khin my trnTruo b tng, theo yu cu sau: n - Nhn nt ON, ccBan quyem 5s, V2 m 10s v V3 m 15s cho vt liu vo my. van V1 (V1 cha nc, V2 cha xi mng, V3 cha ct) - Sau ng c 1 hot ng 10s trn. - Van V4 m ra v ng c 2 hot ng bm b tng ra ngoi. - Khi ht b tng trong my, s bt u qui trnh mi. - Nhn nt OFF, dng qu trnh trn sau khi ht b tng trong my. - Nu c s c th nhn nt E dng ngay. BT 7: Chng trnh iu khin 2 bn trn ha cht theo yu cu sau: - Bng iu khin c 5 nt nhn: ON, OFF, M1, M2, RESET. - Nu nhn nt ON th c 2 bn trn hot ng trong 30s. - Nu nhn M1 th bn 1 hot ng 15s, bn 2 dng. - Nu nhn M2 th bn 2 hot ng 15s, bn 1 dng. - Khi ang trn, nu van ca 1 trong 2 bn b h phi bo chung v dng trn ngay. Sau khi khc phc s c, nhn nt RESET tr li trng thi bnh thng. - Nhn nt OFF s dng hot ng cc bn trn. BT 8: Chng trnh t trc gi tr cho h thng m sn phm t 0 n 999 bng cc nt nhn, theo yu cu: - Nhn nt ON khi ng. - Chn gi tr ci t bng cc nt nhn t 0 n 9. - Kt qu ci t c hin th trn 3 led 7 on.
K pham y th
TRANG95
IU KHIN LP TRNH 1
Ci t xong, nhn nt SET kt thc. H thng bt u m theo s t trc. Khi ang m, mun thay i gi tr ci t th nhn nt ADJ. Mun dng h thng, nhn nt OFF.
BT 9: Chng trnh iu khin h thng sy sn phm theo yu cu sau: - Sau khi a sn phm vo bn sy, nhn nt ON khi ng. - t thi gian sy bng cc phm t 0 n 9. - Thi gian sy hin th trn 2 led 7 on, tnh theo s. - t thi gian xong, nhn nt START my sy hot ng. - Nu khng t thi gian th khi nhn START s mc nh thi gian l 10s. - Sau khi sy xong, my sy t dng, n bo mu xanh sng. - Nu c s c, hay mun dng sy th nhn STOP, my sy dng, n sng. BT 10: Chng trnh iu khin ng c 3 pha theo yu cu sau: - Nhn nt ON/OFF ln 1 bt u. - Chn s chu k lm vic bng cch nhn cc phm s 1,2,3,4. CM H - Mun chn li s chu k lm vic th nhn nt RESETuv TP. li cc phm s. at chn th - ng c ang hot ng, mun dng li th nhn Ky ON/OFF ln 2. am nt ph - Mt chu k hot ng gm cc bc DH Su sau: g o Chy thun 2s, n T ruon sng. n T o Dng 3s,Bn uye sng. an q STOP o Chy ngc 3s, n N sng. BT 11: Chng trnh iu khin ng c bc hot ng theo yu cu sau: - Nhn nt Start n xanh sng cho php h thng hot ng. - Nhn nt F, ng c quay thun, n F sng. - Nhn nt R, ng c quay ngc, n R sng. (Mun o chiu ng c phi cho ng c dng trc) - Nhn F1, ng c quay thun ng 1 vng, n F nhp nhy. - Nhn R1, ng c quay ngc ng 1 vng, n R nhp nhy. - Nhn Stop th ng c dng, n tt. BT 12: Chng trnh iu khin ng c bc hot ng theo yu cu sau: - Nhn Start cho php h thng hot ng. - Nhn nt F th ng c quay thun t do, n F sng. - Nhn nt R th ng c quay ngc t do, n R sng. - Mun chn gc quay ng c th phi nhn cc s la chn trn bng. Trn bng c cc s chn gc quay: 45, 90, 135, 180, 270, 360, sau nhn F hoc R. - Nhn s 45 th ng c quay 450, Gc quay ng c c hin th trn 3 led 7 on. - Nhn Stop th ng c dng.
TRANG96
IU KHIN LP TRNH 1
BT 13: Chng trnh iu khin thang my hot ng theo yu cu sau: - Chn tng bng cc phm GND, 1, 2 v 3. C cc cm bin v tr V0, V1, V2 v V3 bit thang ang tng no. - Nu chn phm 1 th cho ng c hot ng ko thang t tng trt ln tng 1 v dng li, chung ku, ca m trong vng 10s ri ng li. Tng t cho cc phm khc. - Nu khng c phm chn khc th ng c hot ng a thang v tng trt ch. - ng c i ln = quay thun. ng c i xung = quay ngc. BT 14: Chng trnh iu khin cnh tay my v bng ti hot ng theo yu cu sau: - Nhn nt Start, ng c chy, ko bng ti chuyn ng mang sn phm di chuyn. - Khi sn phm n v tr X th bng ti dng, ng c 1 quay thun a cnh tay my n sn phm. - Khi cnh tay quay n v tr X th ng c 1 dng, ng c 2 quay thun gp sn phm trong 2s. HCM - Sau bng ti tip tc di chuyn mang sn phm miat TP.X, ng thi ng c n thu 1 quay ngc a sn phm n im Y. ham Ky p - Khi n Y, 1 dng, 2 quay ngc DH Su phm ra. nh sn g - Mun dng h thng th nhnTruon nt Stop.
uyen an q B X
Bng ti Sn phm 2 1 quay thun Sn phm Y 1 quay ngc
Tay my
BT 15: Vit chng trnh iu khin bo chung tit hc theo yu cu: - Chung bo t tit 1 n tit 12 trong ngy, - Ch nht ngh.
TRANG97
IU KHIN LP TRNH 1
PH LC
PL1: PHN MM LP TRNH Step 7 MicroWIN 3.2/4.0
Step7 MicroWin 3.2 hoc 4.0 l phn mm dng lp trnh cho PLC S7-200. Khi ng : Cch 1 : Start, Simatic, Step7-Microwin Cch 2 : Doubleclick vo biu tng Step7-Microwin.
nT quye an
H Su ng D ruo
K pham
y th
P. HC uat T
Son tho chng trnh Cch 1 : Chn Project _ New Hoc Cch 2 : Chn biu tng trn ca s chnh
Chn : Read CPU type nu ni gia my tnh v PLC phn mm t xc lp loi CPU ang giao tip. Sau vo mn hnh son tho chng trnh . Step7 MicroWIN cho php cha nhiu network (ti a l 100). Mi mt Network tng ng mt cu lnh, nu tn ti 2 cu lnh tr ln th chng trnh s bo li khi bin dch.
TRANG98
IU KHIN LP TRNH 1
Ta c th dng chut chn cc biu tng mong mun mi trong th vin lnh v t chng vo cc v tr trong Network. Lu : Mi lnh phi c gn trc tip vo ng bn tri Khi con tr ( hnh vung ) v tr no th khi truy sut th cc ton hng s t ti v tr Lu chng trnh: Lu project theo tn t trc : Project _ save all _ tn t _ OK Lu project tn khc : Chn Project _ save as _ t tn _ OK Hoc chn biu tng hnh a mm trn ca s chnh _ t tn _ OK
nT quye an
H Su ng D ruo
K pham
y th
P. HC uat T
M chng trnh c sn: Cch 1 : Chn menu Project _ open _ chn tn project _ open Cch 2 : Chn biu tng open.
Np chng trnh vo PLC : Cch 1 : Chn Project _ Download _OK Cch 2 : Chn biu tng Download.
TRANG99
IU KHIN LP TRNH 1
Lu : Cng tc chn ch lm vic ca PLC phi v tr TERM hoc ch STOP Mn hnh bo Download successful th chng trnh np thnh cng Chy chng trnh : Cch 1 : Chn CPU _ RUN _ yes . Cch 2: Chn biu tng Run.
Dng chng trnh Cch 1 : Chn menu CPU _ Stop _ Yes Cch 2 : Chn biu tng Stop
Lu : Cng Tc chn ch lm vic ca PLC phi v tr TERM. CM Hin th cc Chng trnh ladder: (quan st qu trnh hot ngHca chng trnh) TP. Chn menu : Debug _ ladder Satus on huat Ky t ham Chn View _ StatusChart Su p c chng trnh ca PLC: en quy Chn menu Project _ up n Ba load _ OK _ Yes Chn biu tng Upload.
uon Tr g DH
Ok _ Yes Mn hnh hin th upload Succesful mi thnh cng Xa hng , ct , network: Cch 1 : Chn menu Edit _ Delete _ chn Row Hoc column hoc network Cch 2 : Nhn Shift + delete Chn hng , ct , network: Cch 1 : Chn menu Edit _ Inset _ Chn tip Row hoc column hoc network Cch 2 : Nhn Shift + Insert
TRANG100
IU KHIN LP TRNH 1
PHN MM M PHNG S7-200 Simulator 2.0

y l phn mm dng m phng hot ng ca PLC nhm thay th PLC thc t. c Ta c th m phng chng trnh vit bng cch s dng phn mm ny m khng cn n PLC. chy m phng, ta ch cn thc thi file S7-200.exe, gm cc bc sau: Vit chng trnh bng phn mm STEP7 Bin dch chng trnh: File/Export t tn tp tin v chn Save (*.awl) Chy phn mm m phng S7_200.exe Nhp m : 6596 Chn loi CPU: Configuration/PLC Type M file cn m phng: Program/Load Program, chn Accept, chn file *.awl Chy m phng: Run Thay i trng thi cc ng vo bng cc cng tc trn bng iu khin mu xanh. Quan st cc n bo Input v Output trn PLC
nT quye an
H Su ng D ruo
TRANG101

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TRNG H S PHM K THUT TPHCM KHOA IN T

BIN SON: GV ThS Nguyn Tn i

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khi u dy B c in. Nu dng in qua 2 tip im ca relay A v B ri vo cun dy ca relay C th s ng tip im u ra C.

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T Hnh 1.5: Chng trnh gi nh v S logic bc thang tng ng yen u an q

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CU TRC V HOT NG CA PLC

Hnh 2.2: Cu trc CPU

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Mch in tiu biu cho ng vo PLC minh ha trong hnh 2.5.

Hnh 2.5: Mch in ng vo PLC Ng ra:

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Hnh 2.6: Mch in ng rayPLC am K

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Hnh 2.7: Card ng ra 24VDC (Rt dng)

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Hnh 2.8: Card ng ra 24VDC (Cp dng)

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Hnh 2.12: Cu trc theo ng vo vuat TP. H ng ra

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Hnh 3.4: Cng tc li g

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Hnh 3.8: Cm bin in cm.

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Hnh 3.8: Nhn bit tc chy bng cm bin in cm TM TT:

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THIT B CHP HNH

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P. Hnh 4.2: Solenoid iu khin Valve 5 port, 4ung , 2 v tr at T Ky t h

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Hnh yen Mt ct ca xylanh cht lng. qu 4.3:

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nT Hnh quye 4.4: Bn cha cht lng an

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Hnh 4.5: Rotor ca ng c DC

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nT quye iu khin tc ng c AC Hnh Ban 4.7:

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THIT K CHNG TRNH THEO LU

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