BO CO TH NGHIM O IN T

BI 1: Volt

Phn 1 : Volt k DC.

Xc nh ni tr khung quay :
1.

Phng php bin tr:

a. S mch th nghim :

b.

2.

R2-Lch na khung
31.2k

Rm1=R2-2R1
3.84k

Phng php chia th :

a. S mch th nghim :

b.

3.

Bng gi tr cc ln o :
Ln o
R1-Lch ton khung
Gi tr tr
13.68K

Bng gi tr cc ln o :
i Lng
E (mV)
255

I(uA)
50

Rm2
5.1k

Phng php in tr Shunt :

a. S mch th nghim :

b.

Bng cc gi tr o :
Bin tr

R50k

R100k

Rm3

Gi tr

1.02k

11.3k

3.6k

4.

Gi tr trung bnh ni tr ca khung quay t cc ln o trn :

5.

Chn in tr phn tm o cho Volt k :

Tm o chung :

RmTB =4.18K=R1

V1= ( R1 +Rm) Ifs

V2=( R1+R2 +Rm) Ifs

V2=( R1+R2 +R3+ Rm) Ifs

R1 , R2, R3.
Tm o c lp

Rtd =

Rmtb

Tm o

in
tr RS

0-1V

15.8K

R2=15.8K R3=95.8K R4=195.8K

Tr s in tr tng ng cc
lch
E1
E2

25%
0.194
0.25

50%
0.416
0.5

75%
0.621
0.75

100%
0.831
1

Sai s tng i

( TB cng)
=18.325%

0-5V

95.8K

0-10V

195.8K

E1
E2
E1
E2

1.05
1.25
2.36
2.5

2.1
2.5
4.83
5

3.2
3.75
7.21
7.5

4.2
5
9.65
10

=15.675%
=4.1%

Phn 2 : Volt k AC.

Tnh ton nhy xoay chiu ca khung quay
Tnh ton cc gi tr in tr tm o cho cc tm o tr hu dng in p xoay chiu 5V 10V 20V mch
o.
Lp rp Volt k xoay chiu chnh lu bn k nh hnh 4

Tnh ton nhy xoay chiu ca khung quay

Tnh ton cc gi tr in tr tm o cho cc tm o tr hu dng in p xoay chiu 5V 10V 20V mch
o.
Lp rp Volt k xoay chiu chnh lu ton k nh hnh 5

Bng s liu :

Chnh lu bn sng
nhy xoay chiu
Tm o
Tnh ton
5
39K
10
84.5K
20
175K

o c
40.4K
88.3K
191K

Chnh lu ton sng

nhy xoay chiu
Tm o
Tnh ton
5
60K
10
150K
20
331K

Sai s
3.5%
4.5%
9.1%

o c
73K
160K
350K

Sai s
21.67%
6.7%
5.7%

Kho st tuyn tnh ca khung quay:

- Thang 5V
Gc lch (%)
10
Volt
1.11

20
1.55

30
1.93

40
2.35

50
2.75

60
3.16

70
3.53

80
3.

90
4.35

100
4.73

- Thang 10V
Gc lch (%)
10
Volt
1.66

20
2.48

30
3.5

40
4.13

50
5.1

60
5.85

70
6.62

80
7.56

90
8.42

100
9.45

- Thang 20V
Gc lch (%)
10
Volt
3

20
4.8

30
6.5

40
8.3

50
10.1

60
12

70
13.6

80
15.5

V th.

th hin s p ng tuyn tnh ca khung quay.

90
17.5

100
19.5

BO CO TH NGHIM
O IN T
Sinh vin : Hu Lim - 40801077

BI 2: KHO ST P NG TN S CA 1 VOLT K XOAY

CHIU

I.Trnh t th nghim:
1. Kho st p ng tn s ca cc loi vole k :
a.S mch th nghim .

b.Thc hnh th nghim.

-C 3 loi Volt k c s dng : Volt k kim Mrtrix , Volt k s

loi thng DT888 v Volt k s tr hiu dng thc SANWA.
-S dng my pht sng to sng sin bin 2V tn s trung tm
1KHz , ln lt dng cc volt k cho o Vac ,ghi nhn li gi
tr o c , thay i thnh cc dang tn hiu : sng vung lng
cc , vung n cc, tam gic . Ring loi True RMS th s c Vrms
v Vac , Vdc .

Ta c kt qu o bng sau :

Bng : p ng ca cc loi volt k khc nhau so vi cc dng in

p khc nhau.

Dng in p
SINE
Vung-2 cc
Vung-1 cc
Tam gic

Tr s Vm t
OSC
2V
2V
2V
2V

Tr s o c t cc Volt k
Metrix DT888
SANWA-True RMS
Vac
Vac
Vac
Vdc
Vrms
1.4
1.37
1.27
73mV
1.34
2.15
2.23
1.782
8mV
1.79
2.45
2.23
0.7
2.05
2.75
1.1
1.06
1.03 50.3mV 1.08

-i vi in p xoay chiu dng sin , tng dn tn s v gim dn

tn s tm khong p ng tn s cho tng loi volt k : khong
fl v fh . th in p o c khi tng dn tn s t fl n 2xfh :

A.Metrix :

Thang logarith

B.DT888:

C.Sanwa-True RMS:

H s dang K-f v h s nh K-p :

Sine:

K-f =1.1 , K-p = 1.414

Vung: K-f = 1 , K-p = 1

Tam gic : K-f = 1.155 , K-p = 1.732

2.Kho st nh hng ca Volt k n in p ang o :

a.S mch th nghim :

b.Trnh t th nghim :
-S dng ln lt cc loi volt k o in p nh trn vi cc cp
in tr thay i .
-Ta c bng kt qu o vi tng loai volt k :

A.Metrix
Tm o
10V
30V
100V

Volt k Metrix nhy 2000 /V

Tr s in p
R1=R2=1K
R3=R4=100K
6.3
4.7
5.8
5.5
6
5.9

B.DT888
Tm o

Volt k DT888
Tr s in p

R5=R6=1M
2
0.5
1

20V
200V
2000V

R1=R2=1K
5.85
5.6
4

R3=R4=100K
6V
6.3V
8V

R1=R2=1K
3.78
3.5
1

Volt k DT888
Tr s in p
R1=R2=1K
R3=R4=100K
5.4
5.9

R1=R2=1K
3.7

C.SANWA-True RMS
Tm o
Auto range

II.Bo co th nghim :
1. C cu chuyn i DC-AC bn trong cc loi Volt k .
- i vi Volt k kim ( c cu in-t, t-in, in -ng ) :
o DC

in p o c chuyn thnh dng in c ch th bi c cu ch

th ng.
o AC : in p AC qua mt mch nn dng sang DC a vo c
cu o DC :
-Chnh lu bng diode.

-B bin i nhit.

in tr phn tm o c mc ni tip vi in tr cung cp nhit

cho cp nhit in .

- i vi Volt k in t :
o DC: dng mch cu o 2 transistor 2 mi ni , in p vo l n
cc B1 ca Q1, hoc B2 ca Q2 , cn lai ni mass . Hoc Vi sai
gia B1 v B2 .in p ly ra cc E hoc C ca transistors . Ngoi
ra cn dng FET . S dng thang chia p ng vo bng in tr
phn tm o.

hoc

o AC , s dng cc phng php sau chuyn AC thnh DC :

-Chnh lu dng diode

-PP tr hiu dung thc.

-PP tr chnh lu trung bnh .

Mch chuyn i AC-DC c khuch i v mch bin i p thnh

dng .

2.Cc loi Volt k c s dng trong th nghim :

Metrix MX 025C : loi t in k hiu
DT-888 : loi k thut s tr hiu dng trung bnh.
SANWA- true RMS CD721 : loi k thut s tr hiu dng thc .
p ng tn s i vi loi ch th kim l rt thp so vi loi k thut
s.

3.c gi tr trn Volt k nh chun theo tn hiu sine :

Sai s ca php o dng tn hiu c tnh theo h s dng :

Bo Co Th nghim
o in t
Bi 3 : o in Tr
Sinh vin : Hu Lim -40801077
A. o in tr:
I.Phng php Volt-ampe :
-o r ngn v r di .
-o :bng n , in tr s , in tr dy qun.
Ln

Bng n

in tr s

in tr dy qun

R ngn

R di

R U

R ngn

R U

1.8

0.14

13

1.8

0.14

13

4.9

0.34

14

4.9

0.32

10

0.4

25

10

15

0.5

30

20

0.58

34

R di

R ngn

R U

R di

R U

1.9

0.3m

6k3

1.8

0.4m

4k5

1.8

5m

360

1.8

7m

257

15

0.9m

5k5

4.9

1.4m

3k5

25m

200

27m

185

0.45

22

9.9

2.2m

4k5

10.5

2m

5k2

10

48m

208

10

54m

185

15

0.53

28

15

3.8m

4k

15

3.5m

4k3

15

78m

192

15

77m

195

20

0.58

34

20

4.8m

4k1

20

4.8m

4k2

20

90m

222

20

115m

174

II.Cu o chuyn dng ED :

1.o in tr ln

Ln o 1- G1
Loi in tr

Ln o 2 - G2

Ln o 3 -G0

Tm o

Gi tr

Tm o

Gi tr

Tm o

Gi tr

Al

X1

1.9

X1

1.8

X1

2.2

Cu

X0.1

4.4

X0.1

4.5

X0.1

4.3

Fe

X0.1

X0.1

X0.1

2.5

2.o in tr nh

Ln o 1- G1
Loi in tr

Ln o 2- G2

Ln o 3- G0

Tm o

Gi tr

Tm o

Gi tr

Tm o

Gi tr

Fe

X0.001

X0.001

7.5

X0.001

4.3

Al

X0.001

X0.001

X0.001

2.2

Cu

X0.001

3.5

X0.001

2.2

X0.001

3.3

B. o in tr tip t:
I.o bng Volt k v Ampe k :
a.o trc tip :

Gi
tr
tnh
ton
R
a

Gi
tr
tnh
ton
R

Ln 1
U1
I1
30
0.15
20

Cc A (v B
Ln 2
Ln 3
U2
I2
U3
I3
24
0.14
17
0.1
171
170
182.4

Ln 4
U4
I4
12
0.07
171

Ln 5
U5
I5
6
0.03
200

Ln 1
U1
I1
3
0.07
43

Cc C (v B)
Ln 2
Ln 3
U2
I2
U3
I3
11
0.21
17
0.31
52
55
51.225

Ln 4
U4
I4
25
0.47
53

Ln 5
U5
I5
34
0.64
53

b.o gin tip : R1=Ra+Rb , R2=Rb+Rc , R3=Rc+Ra .

A : , B:xanh ,C:trng .

Ln
o 1
U1
67

Ln
o 2
U1
50

Cc A v B

Cc B v C

Cc C v A

I1
0.26

R1
U2
I2
R2
U3
258
64
0.25
256
63
V tr th nht ca con tr bin tr

I3
0.18

Cc A v B

Cc B v C

Cc C v A

I1
0.2

R1
250

U2
51

I2
0.2

R2
255

U3
50

I3
0.14

R3
350

R3
357

V tr th hai ca con tr bin tr

Ln
o 3
U1
37

Ln
o 4
U1
26

Ln
o 5
U1
11

Cc A v B

Cc B v C

Cc C v A

I1
0.15

R1
U2
I2
R2
U3
247
38
0.14
271
39
V tr th ba ca con tr bin tr

I3
0.11

Cc A v B

Cc B v C

Cc C v A

I1
0.11

R1
U2
I2
R2
U3
256
25
0.09
278
25
V tr th t ca con tr bin tr

I3
0.07

Cc A v B

Cc B v C

Cc C v A

I1
0.057

R1
U2
I2
R2
U3
193
12
0.04
300
12
V tr th nm ca con tr bin tr

I3
0.03

Gi tr trung bnh ca :
- R1= 237 =Ra +Rb
- R2=272 = Rb+Rc
- R3=370 = Rc+Ra
Gi tr ca in tr cc cc :
- Ra=185
- Rb=90
- Rc=180
II.o bng my o chuyn dng :
Kt qu t my o chuyn dng :
- Ra=185
- Rb=87

R3
354

R3
357

R3
433

- Rc=185

Bo Co Th Nghim
o in T
Bi 4 : o in dung v in cm
Sinh vin : Hu Lim -40801077
A.o in dung-in cm bng cu n gin :

1. o in dung bng cu
S mch th nghim :

Ln o
1
2
3

P
1k
2k
3k

T in 1
Q
Cmu
1k
1.08u
1k
0.56u
2k
0.72u

Gi s cc gi tr trn l kq ca php o m hnh ni tip.

Khi cu cn bng :

CX(uF)
1.08u
1.12u
1.1u

P
1k
2k
3k

T in 2
Q
Cmu
1k
4.26u
1k
2.1u
2k
3.02u

CX(uF)
4.26u
4.2u
4.53u

Cn bng phn thc :

Cn bng phn o :

trng hp R3=R4 nn Cmu =Cx. , Rx=R1

2. o in cm bng cu :

Ln o
1
2
3

P
3k
2k
1k

Q
2k
1k
1k

Cun dy 1
Lmu
R
20
6.3m
30 4.06m
20
8m

LX(mH)
9.45m
8.1m
8m

P
3k
2k
1k

Q
2k
1k
1k

Cun dy 2
Lmu
R
10
1.5m
10
1.3m
10
2.1m

LX(mH)
2.25m
2.6m
2.1m

Cu khng thc s cn bng do ta dng in tr nh hn dng trong mch . Gi tr tnh gn

ng.
Ngoi loi cu o n gin , ngi ta cn dng cu ph qut o in dung :

a/ Cu Sauty

b/ Cu Nernst

o in cm bng cu Maxwell :

a/ Cu Maxwell-Wien

b/ Cu Hay

Cu Owen o cun dy dng in dung mu , cu Schering o in dung

a/ Cu Owen

B. S dng cu o chuyn dng:

b/ Cu Schering

Bng gi tr cc t: o vi 2 tm o gn nht , do ti a ca my ch c tm 10uF nn khng th dng o 2 ln i

vi t 1 v gi tr o ln 1 tm 10uF l ~4uF .
Ln o

Tm o

T 1

Tm o

T 2

1
2

10uF
-

4.1uF
-

1uF
10uF

1uF
1.1uF

Cu o loi n gin ch xc nh c thun ty gi tr Cx v Lx cn o , khng xc nh c

s hao mt trn in dung v in cm cn do . Trn thc t s hao mt ca in dung v in
cm c quy i v 2 m hnh ni tip v song song ty theo s hao mt in dung , cht lng
in dung c nh gi qua h s D ca in dung , in cm c h s Q:

CC M HNH QUY I DO HAO MT IN DUNG V IN CM

Hao mt nh th in dung D c h s D nh
cht cao tc l hao mt nh , Q>10

: D,0.1 gi l nh . Cun dy c h s phm

Bo Co Th Nghim
o in T
Bi 5 : o Tn S V Pha
Sinh vin : Hu Lim -40801077
I.

II.

Quan st dng :
Ngun pht sng

Tr nh

Chu k

Vmax

Vmin

My pht m tn

Tr nh

Chu k

Vmax

Vmin

p li cch ly

Tr nh

Chu k

Vmax

Vmin

o tn s :
S mch:

Hnh dng s b :

III.

o lch pha:
1. Phng php lissajous :
S mch th nghim :
Khng c bin p:

Hnh dng s b:

2. So snh pha trc tip :

S mch th nghim:

C bin p cch ly

Khng c bin p
Hnh dng s b :

C bin p cch ly

3. So snh pha gin tip :

S mch th nghim :
Khng c bin p

Hnh dng s b :

gi l cao.

C bin p cch ly