CHUYN CNC

Nhm 4

TRNG I HC GIAO THNG VN TI

KHOA C KH
B MN K THUT MY

==========***********==========

BO CO CHUYN CNC
TM HIU G TRN MY CNC
Nhm sinh vin thc hin : Nhm 04
Nguyn Ngc Quyt
o Duy Thanh
Vng Khc Nht
Lp : C in T - K46
Trng : i Hc Giao Thng Vn Ti
GVHD : T.S Nguyn Hng Sn

H Ni 10/2009
GVHD : T.S Nguyn Hng Sn

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LI M U

h chng ta bit trn cc my cng c thng thng v c

bit l trn my cng CNC th g l b phn quan trng v
khng th thiu c. Cht lng sn phm c kh, nng sut lao
ng v gi thnh l nhng ch tiu quan trng trong sn xut c
kh. m bo cc ch tiu trn, trong qu trnh ch to cc sn phm c kh,
ngoi my ct kim loi (my cng c) v dng c ct, chng ta cn cn c
g v cc dng c ph (gi l trang b cng ngh). Trang b cng ngh ng vai
tr rt quan trng, nh n sn xut c kh c th m bo nng sut v nng
cao cht lng, tng nng sut v h gi thnh sn phm.
c bit trong thi bui cng ngh ang pht trin, sn xut khng cn
l c kh n thun na, n c tch hp iu khin, cc h thng truyn lc
c iu khin m bo chnh xc gia cng cao, nng sut ln, chng ta c
th d thy my cng c CNC (Computer Numerical Control). V vy g
trn my CNC c ci tin c th iu khin t ng, d dng tho lp,
t chnh xc cao, ph hp vi tc lm vic ln ca my v m bo tnh
kinh t.
Cng v l do nh vy nn nhm chng em cng nhau tm hiu v cc
thit b g trn my CNC hiu r hn v n, nghin cu k v k thut
cng nh nguyn l lm vic ca g.

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MC LC
PHN I :GII THIU CHUNG V G TRN MY CNG C
CNC.......................................................................................................................5
c im ca g trn my cng c CNC :.........................................5
Yu cu i vi chi tit gia cng trn cc my CNC :............................5
Phn loi g trn my CNC : .............................................................6
g vn nng khng iu chnh :....................................................6
g vn nng iu chnh :................................................................9
g chuyn dng iu chnh :..........................................................9
g vn nng lp ghp : .............................................................10
g lp ghp iu chnh :...............................................................11
g chuyn dng :..........................................................................12
PHN II: TM HIU V G TRN MY TIN............................14
2.1. g trn my tin CNC:..............................................................14
2.1.1. Mm cp:.................................................................................17
2.1.2. Kp rt : ..................................................................................19
2.1.3. Tc cp-Mi tm :...................................................................20
2.1.4. Trc g bung:...........................................................................22
2.1.5. Mn hoa :.................................................................................23
2.1.6. Luy-nt :...................................................................................24
PHN III : TM HIU V G TRN MY PHAY.....................25
3.1 Gii thiu chung .............................................................................25
3.2 g kp c kh ............................................................................27
3.2.1 Bn kp.....................................................................................27
3.2.2 u phn ..............................................................................28
3.2.3 -t...........................................................................................28
3.3 g kp thy lc v kh nn .......................................................31
3.3.1 -t kh nn ,thy lc...............................................................31
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2.2.3 g kp bng t tnh .............................................................36

PHN II : MT S LOI G C BIT:....................................37
2.1. g bn xoay:..............................................................................37
Phn loi :..............................................................................................37
Loi tiu chun :................................................................................37
2.1.2. Loi bn xoay c ng c lp pha sau :.................................38
2.1.3. Loi bn xoay c l trc chnh ln :.......................................39
2.1.4. Loi bn xoay c nhiu trc :................................................39
2.1.5. Loi bn xoay nghing :.........................................................40
ng dng :.............................................................................................41

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PHN I :GII THIU CHUNG V G TRN MY CNG

C CNC
c im ca g trn my cng c CNC :
Mt trong nhng c im chnh ca my cng c CNC l tnh chnh xc
rt cao. g trn cc my nh hng rt ln ti chnh xc gia cng bi
v sai s chun khi nh v chi tit trn g l mt trong nhng thnh phn sai
s tng cng. g trn my CNC phi m bo chnh xc g t cao hn
cc g trn my vn nng thng thng. m bo chnh xc g t
phi chn chun sao cho sai s chun bng 0, sai s kp cht phi c gi tr nh
nht, im t ca lc phi trnh gy bin dng cho chi tit gia cng.
Cc my CNC c cng vng rt cao, do g trn cc my
khng c lm gim cng vng ca h thng cng ngh khi s dng my
vi cng sut ti a. iu c ngha l g trn cc my CNC phi c
cng vng ln hn cc g thng thng khc. V vy, g trn cc my
CNC phi c ch to t thp hp kim vi phng php ti b mt.
Khi gia cng trn my CNC, cc dch chuyn ca my v dao c bt
u t gc ta , do trong nhiu trng hp g phi m bo s nh
hng hon ton ca chi tit gia cng, c ngha l phi hn ch tt c cc bc t
do khi nh v g trn my (phi nh hng g trn c hai phng ngang
v dc ca bn my).
Trn cc my CNC ngi ta c gng gia cng c nhiu b mt chi tit
vi mt ln g t, do cc c cu nh v v kp cht ca g khng c
nh hng n dng c ct khi chuyn b mt dng c gia cng. Phng php
kp cht c hiu qu nht l kp cht b mt i din vi b mt nh v.

Yu cu i vi chi tit gia cng trn cc my CNC :

Chi tit gia cng trn my CNC nh hng n kt cu ca g, do
phi m bo c nhng yu cu sau y:
+ Chi tit gia cng phi c nhng b mt chun tt m bo chnh xc
v n nh g t, ng thi chi tit phi c b mt thun tin cho vic kp
cht, khng gy bin dng chi tit.
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+ khng phi dng g ph th chi tit khng nn c b mt nghing

v gc nghing.
+ m bo chnh xc g t cao, chi tit phi c nh v theo 3 b
mt. Trong trng hp ny c th dng cc b mt qua gia cng trn cc my
vn nng nh v.
+ Nu chi tit gia cng khng cho php nh v theo 3 b mt th nh v
theo mt b mt v hai l, khong cch cc l phi cch xa nhau v c bng
cp 7.

Phn loi g trn my CNC :

g vn nng khng iu chnh
g vn nng iu chnh
g chuyn dng iu chnh
g vn nng lp ghp
g lp ghp iu chnh
g chuyn dng
g vn nng khng iu chnh :
Loi g ny c cc chi tit c iu chnh c nh g nhiu loi
chi tit gia cng khc nhau trong sn xut n chic v lot nh. l cc loi
mm cp c dng truyn mmen xon cho chi tit gia cng. C 3 loi mm
cp thng c dng trn cc my tin CNC (ngoi mm cp 3 v 4 chu
thng dng).

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Hnh 1: Mm cp 3 chu

Hnh 2: Mn cp 4 chu

Mn cp ly tm (mm cp qun tnh):

Loi mm cp ny c hai hoc ba chu kp. Cc chu l nhng chi tit
c lp vi nhau, khi quay di tc dng ca lc ly tm chng kp cht chi tit
v nh lc cn t hm m chi tit gia cng khng b x dch d b tc dng ca
lc ct.
Mm cp c chn mt u cng :
Mm cp c chn mt u cng xc nh chnh xc mt u ca tt c cc
chi tit gia cng theo truc Z. Lc kp chi tit sinh ra nh mi tm sau. Nu mt
u ca chi tit khng vung gc vi tm ca n th cc mt u n vo chi tit
gia cng khng u nhau, iu lm gim mmen xon c truyn t trc
chnh ca my.

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Hnh 3: 1 Thn; 2 L xo; 3 Mi tm; 4 Chi tit t mt u

5 Chn mt u bng hp kim cng; 6 Chi tit gia cng

Mm cp c chn mt u ty ng :
Cc mt u c dng trn xoay c lp vo l c cha cht do. Khi chi
tit gia cng c kp cht t mi tm sau, mt u bn tri ca chi tit y cc
chn mt u v bn tri v lm cho p lc ca cht do tng ln. Nh vy, tt
c cc chn mt u u tip xc vi chn mt u chi tit cn gia cng v lc
kp tc ng ln cc chn hu nh bng nhau. Mm cp mt u c chn ty
ng to ra mmen xon ln hn so vi mm cp mt u cng. Loi mm cp
ny c th dng kp chi tit gia cng th. S chn mt u c th l 8, 10, 12
v.v.

Hnh 4: 1 L xo; 2 Thn; 3 Cht do

4 Chn mt u; 5 Mi tm

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g vn nng iu chnh :
Kt cu g vn nng iu chnh gm phn g c s v phn chi tit
thay i iu chnh. Cc chi tit thay i iu chnh c kt cu n gin v gi
thnh ch to khng cao. g vn nng iu chnh c s dng trong sn
xut hng lot nh, c bit l khi thc hin gia cng nhm. Trn my tin CNC
g vn nng iu chnh l cc mm cp 3 chu thay i iu chnh (thay i
cc chu kp).

Hnh 5: Mm cp 3 chu thay i hiu chnh

g chuyn dng iu chnh :

g chuyn dng iu chnh cho php g t mt s loi chi tit in
hnh c kch thc khc nhau. Kt cu ca g gm hai phn chnh:
+ Phn g c s
+ Phn chi tit thay i
g ny cho php thay i chi tit gia cng ngoi vng lm vic ca
my. Phm vi ng dng c hiu qu ca g l dng trong sn xut hng lot.

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Hnh 6: Cc dng chi tit gia cng: l kch thc iu chnh

S g t: 1 Thn c s; 2,4 Trc g; 3,5 Chi tit nh v;
6 Rnh nh hng; 7 Cht

g trn (Hnh 6) c dng gia cng chi tit dng cng, dng chu
kp, v.v
g (Hnh 6) gm thn c s 1; cc chi tit thay i: trc g 2, trc
g 4; cc chi tit nh v 3 v 5. g c nh v trn bn my bng u g 2
v cht 7. Chi tit gia cng c nh v bng mt phng trn cc chi tit nh v
3 v 5 vi cc mt l trn hai trc 2 v 4. Chi tit c kp cht bng hai m c.
Cc chi tit thay i 4 v 5 c lp t v iu chnh theo rnh nh hng 6
ca g. Kch thc iu chnh l (khong cch gia cc l tm ca chi tit gia
cng). Nu dng g g t chi tit dng chu kp theo mt l v rnh then
th dng trc g 2 v rnh then.
g vn nng lp ghp :
Thnh phn ca g vn nng lp ghp l nhng chi tit chun c
ch to vi chnh xc cao. Cc chi tit ny c rnh then lp ghp. Sau khi
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gia cng mt s loi chi tit no ngi ta tho g ra v lp ghp li g

t chi tit khc. Do chnh xc ca chi tit rt cao cho nn sau khi lp ghp
khng phi gia cng b sung. Thi gian lp ghp mt g mi khong 34
gi.
Hnh l g vn nng - lp ghp. to thnh g ngi ta em cc
chi tit (Hnh 7) lp li vi nhau v ly lm chi tit c s.
Trn cc my phay, my khoan CNC ngi ta s dng g vn nng lp ghp c kh vi cc c cu kp thy lc.
g vn nng lp ghp c dng trong cc my CNC trong iu kin
sn xut n chic hng lot nh.

Hnh 7: Kt cu; b) S ; c) Cc chi tit

C cu t vi cht nh v; 2 c cu nh v; 3 m kp; 4 ai c kp
5 phin t mt bn; 6 phin t mt y; 7 phin t mt u

g lp ghp iu chnh :
Loi g ny c dng trn cc my phay CNC v cc my khoan
CNC. Trn chi tit c s ( g) ngi ta gia cng cc h l lp ghp cc
chi tit nh v v kp cht khi mun to thnh g mi (trn g vn
nng lp ghp c cc rnh lp ghp).

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H l trn g lp ghp iu chnh m bo chnh xc, cng

vng v n nh cao hn h rnh trn g vn nng lp ghp. (Hnh 8) l
cc g lp ghp iu chnh.

Hnh 8: g lp ghp iu chnh

g chuyn dng :
Thng thng loi g ny c s dng trong sn xut hng lot ln
v hng khi. Kt cu ca g ch c dng gia cng mt loi chi tit nht
nh. Trn cc my CNC loi g ny ch c dng trong nhng trng hp
khng th dng c cc loi g iu chnh. Kt cu ca g nh vy phi
tht n gin nng cao hiu qu kinh t khi s dng.

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Hnh 9: t my

Hnh 10: Bn xoay

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PHN II: TM HIU V G TRN MY TIN

2.1. g trn my tin CNC:
Yu cu g trn my tin CNC:
Thao tc nhanh v n gin
Kh nng s dng a dng
Thay i d dng cc phn t kp
chnh xc cao khi kp li
Vic kp bng tay thng din ra trn my cng c vn nng. iu ny
i hi ngi cng nhn hao tn nhiu sc lc. gim thi gian ph v gim
nh vic kp cho ngi cng nhn, cc thit b kp chuyn dng c pht
trin cho tng phng tin kp. C nhiu phng php to ra lc kp:
C cu kp c kh.
Thit b kp thy lc
Thit b kp kh nn
Thit b kp bng in
C cu kp c kh :
Thng s dng c cu thanh chm hay c cu n by. Nhng c cu
kp ny thng s dng trn my tin.

Hnh 11:Mm cp vi c cu kp thanh chm

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Hnh 12: Mm cp vi c cu kp n by

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Thit b kp thy lc :
to ra lc kp v chuyn ng cn thit bng pttng thy lc. cc thit b
ny thng c iu khin bi cc van tc ng bng tay. Lc kp c th iu
khin chnh xc v c c bi mt c cu hin th. Mc d thit b kp thy
lc i hi k thut phc tp nhng chng hon ton c tin cy.

Hnh 13: Thit b kp thy lc

Thit b kp kh nn :
c vn hnh bng khng kh vi p lc. chng lm vic tng t nh
thit b kp thy lc. my nn kh c s dng to ra kh nn.

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Hnh 14: Thit b kp kh nn

Thit b kp bng in :
vi chuyn ng quay to ra lc kp bng h thng n khp trc vt
bnh vt. Chng c kh nng iu chnh nhanh kp c cc ng knh khc
nhau ca chi tit.
Trc xoay c kha trong sut qu trnh kp v tho kp bi ly hp in
t trong thit b kp, v th ton b mmen kp c truyn n mm cp

Hnh 15: C cu kp bng in

By gi ta s i tm hiu c th mt s loi g thng dng trn my

tin CNC, ta c th k mt s loi g nh sau:
1. Mm cp
2. Kp rt
3. Tc cp-Mi chng tm
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4. Trc g bung
5. Mm hoa
6. Luy-nt
2.1.1. Mm cp:
Mm cp c phn bit da v s chu kp l mm cp 2 chu, mm cp
3 chu v mm cp 4 chu. Mm cp 3 chu t nh tm thng c s dng
nhiu nht. Chng m bo g nhng phi tin trn ng tm mt cch chc
chn v nhanh chng. Mm cp 4 chu dng kp nhng phi tin c 4, 8 hay
12 cnh v nhng phi tin trn

Hnh 16: Mm cp 3 chu t nh tm

Hnh 17: Mm cp 4 chu

Cc chu kp thng c ti cng v c dng bc. Cc chu kp c th

iu chnh do vy kp c cc chi tit c ng knh khc nhau. Bng cch
thay i cc chu kp, chi tit tin c th c kp t bn trong hoc bn ngoi.
S truyn lc kp thng da trn nguyn l ca a xon c hoc thanh
nm.
Truyn lc kp bng a xon c :
mm cp v a xon c c lc kp nh, v b mt tip xc gia a xon
v chu kp qu nh.

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Hnh 18: Mm cp vi a xon c

Hnh 19: H thng truyn lc kp

Nhc im ca mm cp a xon c l khi thay i cc chu kp phi

c tho ri ton b khi mm cp.

Hnh 20: Cc b phn ca mm cp a xon c

Nguyn tc hot ng: Quay bnh rng nh (4) lm a xon c (5)

quay, do chu kp (3) s chuyn ng v pha tm ca trc chnh v kp chi
tit gia cng.

Truyn lc kp bng nm :
Mm cp s dng thanh nm c kh nng thay i cc chu kp mt cch
nhanh chng v to ra lc kp ln hn so vi mm cp vi a xon c.
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Hnh 21: Cc b phn ca mm cp dng thanh nm

Nguyn tc hot ng : Thng qua cha kha (90) quay truc (27) vo
thanh nm (56). Thanh nm (56-2) quay dch chuyn a dn (23) qua st trt
(28). Hai st trt (28) truyn lc tip ti thanh nm khc (56-1). Cc thanh nm
vi cc bin dng chy nghing ngm vo phn ca chu kp (24GB) v dn
chng vo hng tm.
2.1.2. Kp rt :
Kp rt c kh nng kp chi tit c dng hnh tr mt cch chnh xc v
nhanh chng. Chi tit c kp bn ngoi bi kp rt. Kp rt thng ch c
ng dng cho nhng chi tit gia cng c cng ng knh hoc c kch thc
tng ng v n c mt phm vi iu chnh hng knh rt nh. N c s
dng c bit trong gia cng lot ln.

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Hnh 22: Kp rt

2.1.3. Tc cp-Mi tm :
Kp gia hai mi chng tm c ng dng cho nhng chi tit di. Chi
tit gia cng phi c khoan mt v khoan tm c hai mt.

Hnh 23: Kp bng mi chng tm

Kp bng mi chng tm c th c phn bit theo cc kh nng sau,

cn c vo c im k thut gia cng :
Tc mt u cng vi mi tm quay hay mi tm c nh
Tc kp c vng bo v cng vi mi tm quay hay mi tm c
nh
Tc mt u thng c gn trn trc chnh. N c s dng khi phi
gia cng ton b b mt tr ca chi tit. Chi tit c kp gia tc mt u v
ng. Nhc im ca tc mt u l ch truyn c mmen quay nh.

Hnh 24: Tc mt u

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Mi chng tm xoay c ci vo nng trc ng i din vi tc mt

u. v mi chng tm quay quanh tm ca n nn c th s dng vn tc ct
cao trong sut qu trnh gia cng.

Hnh 25: Mi chng tm xoay

Phm vi ng dng ca mi tm c nh b gii hn rt ln. Chng ch

c dng khi gia cng vi chiu su ct nh bi v chng b sinh nhit v mn
nhanh.

Hnh 26: Mi tm c nh

Hnh 27: Mi tm c nh loi vt u

Tc kp c vng bo v dng nh tm thng qua mi tm v kp

hng knh bng mt bu-lng kp. Do c th truyn c mmen quay ln
v t c cng sut cao hn.

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Hnh 28: Tc kp c vng bo v

2.1.4. Trc g bung:

Trc g bung dng kp chi tit (c l) t bn trong. Ngc li so vi
mn cp ch s dng trc g bung cho cc chi tit c l nh. Chng c la
chn da vo l c sn ca chi tit cn gia cng. C hai loi kp : kp bung c
nh v kp bung n hi.
Kp bung c nh c cn rt nh (1:2000) v c kp gia hai mi
tm. Kp bung c nh ch c dng gia cng tinh v ch c kh nng chu
ng c chiu su ct nh. ng tm ca hai tm quay phi c kim tra
trc khi s dng.
Kp bung n hi c g vo cn trong ca trc chnh. Phm vi kp
c xc nh bi v tr kp c s rnh dc trc g trong mi l thuc vo
ng tm v kp u chi tit. Qu trnh kp c din ra bi sc p in y ca
phn cn.

Hnh 29: Trc g bung

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Hnh 30: Trc g bung

Trc g n hi c g gia hai mi tm v ch c phm vi kp nh.

Nguyn tc hot ng ca chng c hnh thnh bi s bung ra trong phm vi
bin dng n hi ca lp thnh mng bng vt liu tng hp (khng s rnh).
2.1.5. Mn hoa :
Mn hoa c kh nng kp nhng chi tit c hnh dng phc tp. Bn hoc
nhiu hn na cc pttng c iu chnh ring l, chng cng c th xoay. V
tr kp lm vic c th kp ngoi hoc kp trong. Cc rnh kp c sn dng
lp g v cc i tng.

Hnh 31: Mm hoa vi 6 mm kp

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2.1.6. Luy-nt :
Luy-nt dng kp nhng chi tit di, mnh, chng li s un cong
chi tit do lc ct v trng lng ca chi tit.

Hnh 32: Luy-nt t nh tm

Chi tit c kp gia hai mi tm v c bi luy-nt.

Hnh 33: Luy-nt c nh

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PHN III : TM HIU V G TRN MY PHAY

3.1 Gii thiu chung
Nh chng ta bit gia cng chnh xc c cc chi tit trn my
CNC cng nh trn cc my gia cng thng thng th vn nh v v kp
cht chi tit ng vai tr rt quan trng.
nh v v kp cht c tt yu cu cc loi g phi chnh xc,
tho lp nhanh ph hp vi tc lm vic ca my v m bo tnh kinh t.
Mt s loi g chnh thng c dng trn my phay CNC:
1. -t
2. Bn t tnh
3. Modul g
4. Bn xoay
Kp bng -t
1. -t c th c
quay tng gc 90o
trn bn my
2. V tr c th c
thay i
3. Chi tit c kp c
th dch chuyn dc
theo trc z v x.

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Kp bng bn t
1. V tr ca chi tit
trn bn my c th
c xc nh mt
cch t do

g
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CNC

2. Cc chi tit kp phi

c tnh t tnh

Kp bng Modul g
1. V tr ca chi tit
trn bn my c th
thay i.
2. Cc phn t kp c
th xc nh nh l
mt modul. V tr
kp do ngi s
dng xc nh.

Cc rnh T trn bn my phay l c s kp chi tit gia cng. Ph thuc

vo chi tit gia cng c kp theo dng v cch thc nh th no, c th phn
bit g trn my phay CNC theo cc thit b kp nh sau:
g kp c kh
g kp thy lc-kh nn
g kp bng t tnh

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Nhm 4

3.2 g kp c kh
3.2.1 Bn kp
Thit b kp c kh thng hnh thnh t nhiu b phn n khc nhau :
n kp, gi , bu lng kp vi u T.

Hnh 34: n kp v gi

cc chi tit gia cng ngi ta thng s dng cc gi .

Hnh 35: n kp, gi v gi ta

Dng nhng tm kp mng kp nhng chi tit gia cng mng v b

mt ca n phi c chng cho dao vo gia cng.

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g
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Hnh 36: Tm kp mng

3.2.2 u phn
Vi s h tr ca u phn vi mm xoay, cc chi tit c th c gia
cng nhanh chng cc cnh i xng khc nhau. Cng c th g mn cp ln
u phn gia cng chnh xc cc chi tit c dng trn xoay.

Hnh 37: u phn vi mm xoay

3.2.3 -t
t l loi g rt thch hp trong vic kp cht v nh v chi tit c
dng hp trong qu trnh gia cng hoc lp rp. Trong my CNC, ngi ta dng
t gi cc chi tit theo dy h tr chu trnh gia cng. gm mt thn v hai
hm kp (mt c nh v mt di ng) gi v kp chi tit gia cng. t thc
hin lc kp bng tay quay, vt - ai c, bng bnh lch tm, bng kh nn, bng
thu lc

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Hnh 38 : Cu to ca t c kh

- c tinh luyn t thp hp kim cng c cng khong 50-60 RC

- Tay quay thng c lm t cht Chromed, chng g st.
-t a nng c th quay ngang hoc thng ng to ra cc gc
nghing thun tin gia cng cc b mt nghing ca chi tit. Lc kp c to ra
thng bng tay, tuy nhin c mt s -t to ra lc kp bng thy lc v kh
nn.

Hnh 39: -t hnh Sine

c im ca -t hnh Sine
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Cung cp 1 cch chnh xc , nhanh chng nhng chi tit c b mt nghing cho
qu trnh mi v kim tra
Thm mt rnh trung tm c gc s cung cp thm kh nng kp
c lm t thp vi cng 58-60 Rc
Chc chn v l mt khi thng nht
M cp di ng c th ko vo trong mt y 1 gc t 45 n 60 0 m bo
Loi SV-37 c nhng gc hnh V thng ng v nm ngang m cp di ng c
th di chuyn c v 1 my bnh cc vi nhng ci khc hnh ch V v 1 ci
n ko nguyn khi
Sau y ta xt c tnh v thng s k thut ca mt s loi t ca hng
Kitagawa:
VC series:
Rt thch hp cho my khoan v ct ren loi nh.
B mt t rng, nh v chnh xc chi tit gia cng.
M kp c ch to bng hp kim.

Model
B rng ca m kp

VC 103

VC - 108

100

100

40

40

128

204

65

65

lp chiTng
tit chiu
(mm) cao

105

105

(mm) Tng chiu rng

109

112

(mm) Tng chiu di

355.5

431.5

(mm) Lc kp ti a

20

20

(kN) Khi lng

16

19

(mm) Chiu cao ca m kp

(mm) Hnh trnh kp
(mm) Chiu cao ca b mt g

(kg)

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3.3 g kp thy lc v kh nn
3.3.1 -t kh nn ,thy lc
Nhng -t NC c chnh xc cao, to ra lc kp bng cc xylanh thy
lc v kh nn, c s dng cho my cng c CNC. Cc -t NC vn hnh
bng kh nn c chnh xc cao cho php rt ngn thi gian ng v m -t.
Tuy nhin p lc hot ng nh nn khng th t c lc kp ln. to ra
lc kp ln ta dng thit b kp thy lc, c thit b iu chnh p lc to ra
lc kp theo yu cu.
Mt s thit b kp kh nn, chn khng v thy lc :
-t my s dng d dng v chc chn, c dng kp nhng chi tit
nh. Vic cn chnh chi tit th nht din ra vi s h tr ca ng h so.

Hnh 4032: Mt s loi -t my

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Qu trnh kp -t my c din ra trong hnh sau.

Hnh41: Lc kp trong -t my

Cu to ca mt -t thy lc c minh ha trong hnh sau.

1 Bn kp c nh

2 Bn kp di ng

3 B phn thy lc

4 Phn thn di ng

5 Trc vt-me

6 ai c

7 Thn -t

8 L xo
Hnh 42: Cu to ca -t thy lc

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B phn kp phi da trn qui tc ca mt s chi tit c bn. kp phi

c th s dng xylanh kh nn kt hp vi n by theo qui tc n by.
g
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CNC

Hnh 43:

Hnh 44:

Kp ngang

Kp ng

Lc kp ko

Lc kp nn

a)Tc ng lc nghing trc tip

c)Vu kp nghing

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b) Kp bng chm
d) Kp chm

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Hnh 45: a) kp lch tm

c) kp cho

b) kp trc tip
d) kp kt hp n by cong

Hnh 46: Kp phi bng kh nn, chn khng (kp mng)

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Hnh 47: Kp chn khng

Hnh 338: Kp phi bng kh nn v chn khng (kp pha trong)

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Hnh 49: Kp phi bng kh nn v chn khng (kp cn bng)

2.2.3 g kp bng t tnh

Chi tit gia cng bng st c th c kp bng bn t tnh. Chi tit c
ht vo bn kp sau khi dng in c m v c th ly chi tit mt cch d
dng sau khi tt dng in.

Hnh 50 :Bn t tnh

Tuy nhin nhc im ca bn g t tnh l ch c th g t c cc chi

tit c tnh t tnh. Cn vi nhng chi tit nh nhm, hp cht nhm hay vt liu
phi kim th bn g ny khng th g t c.
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PHN II : MT S LOI G C BIT:

2.1. g bn xoay:
Bn my l ni nh v, g lp chi tit gia cng hay gi l g. Nh s
chuyn ng linh hot v chnh xc ca bn my m kh nng gia cng trn my
CNC ctng ln rt cao, n c kh nng gia cng c nhng chi tit rt phc
tp.
a s cc my CNC hay trung tm gia cng hin i th bn my thng
l dng xoay c, n c ngha nh l trc th 4 hay 5 ca my. N lm tng
tnh vn nng cho my CNC.
Bn my phi c cng vng, n nh v c iu khin chnh xc

Phn loi :
Bn xoay hin i trn my CNC, ngi ta c th phn ra lm cc loi
nh sau:
Loi tiu chun :
L loi bn xoay ny dng g t chi tit sao cho tm ca chi tit trng
vi tm trc chnh. C th gia cng c nhiu dng b mt khc nhau nh gia
cng mt phng, gia cng rnh thng hoc rnh xon v gia cng cc mt nh
hnh vi dao nh hnh, i khi dng ct bnh rng vi dao phay mun.
Loi bn xoay tiu chun c th phn ra lm hai loi :
+ Loi c trc chnh nm ngang
+ Loi c trc chnh thng ng

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Hnh 52: Bn xoay tiu chun trc chnh nm ngang

Hnh 53: Bn xoay RT-100 vi cc thng s

2.1.2. Loi bn xoay c ng c lp pha sau :

- Loi bn xoay ny c kh nng hn ch s rung ng khi my ang lm
vic.
- Loi ng c ny c th che chn nc v phoi vn, khng cho chng
ri vo ng c.

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Hnh 54: Bn xoay ng c lp pha sau

2.1.3. Loi bn xoay c l trc chnh ln :

- Loi bn xoay ny c trc chnh c l ln, dng gia cng cc chi tit
c ln
- Loi ny c kh nng m rng kch thc trc chnh m rng phm
vi lm vic cho my.
- Thch hp cho vic sn xut hng khi
Loi bn xoay ny c th phn ra 2 loi:
+ Loi trc chnh nm ngang
+ Loi trc chnh thng ng

Hnh 55: Bn xoay c l trc chnh ln

2.1.4. Loi bn xoay c nhiu trc :

- Loi ny c nng sut gp nhiu ln so vi loi bn xoay tiu chun
- Gim thi gian lm vic
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- Gim thi gian ph (g t, iu chnh). Thch hp cho sn xut hng

lot v hng khi.
- Tng tc vn hnh.
- Gim thi gian tho lp v iu chnh trn my

Hnh 56: Bn xoay nhiu trc

2.1.5. Loi bn xoay nghing :

- Loi ny c kh nng cng ngh cao, c th gia cng cc mt phng, cc
rnh cc g li v t bit l gia cng cc b mt nghing nhiu gc khc
nhau.
- Loi bn xoay ny c phn ra hai loi:
+ Loi iu khin nghing t ng
+ Loi iu khin nghing bng tay

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g
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CNC

Hnh 57: Bn xoay nghing iu khin CNC.

Hnh 58: Bn xoay CNC iu khin nghing t ng

ng dng :

Bn xoay thng c lp trn cc my phay CNC hoc trung tm gia

cng. i vi loi bn xoay khng nghing th n c vai tr nh trc th 4 ca
my. i vi loi bn xoay nghing th n ng vai tr nh trc th 4 v th 5

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ca my, cc trc ny lc ny c tn l A v B nh (Hnh 54).

g
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CNC

Hnh 59: Cc trc ca bn xoay v my phay CNC

Bn xoay ca my CNC c tc dng lm tng thm tnh vn nng cho

my. N c phm vi s dng rt ln, nhng ch yu l dng gia cng :
+ Mt phng
+ Cc b mt nh hnh (nh b mt cam, ci dp, khun p )
+ Ct ren vt trong v ngoi
+ Gia cng bnh rng v dao ct nhiu li c rng thng hoc xon
+ Ct rnh thng v xon
+ C th gia cng cc b mt nghing
i vi bn xoay nhiu trc, c th tin hnh gia cng cng mt lc nhiu
chi tit, lm :
+ Tng kh nng cng ngh ca my,.
+ Tng nng sut gia cng
+ Gim thi tho lp v iu khin dng c
+ Gim thi gian v cc nguyn cng c bn
+ Thch hp cho vic sn xut hng lot v hng khi

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Hnh 60: Mt s dng chi tit c gia cng trn bn xoay khng nghing

Hnh 61: Mt s dng chi tit c gia cng trn bn xoay nghing t ng

Hnh 62: Mt s dng chi tit c gia cng trn bn xoay nghing bng tay

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