Professional Documents
Culture Documents
PHNG PHP
PHN T HU HN
L thuyt
Bi tp
Chng trnh MATLAB
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
H NI 2007
TRN CH THNH
NG NH KHOA
L thuyt
Bi tp
Chng trnh MATLAB
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
H NI 2007
H NI 2007
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
M U
Gio trnh Phng php Phn t hu hn (PP PTHH) c bin son
da trn ni dung cc bi ging v kinh nghim ging dy mn hc cng tn
trong nhng nm gn y cho sinh vin khoa C kh, trng i hc Bch
khoa H Ni v hc vin cao hc ngnh C hc K thut, trng i hc K
thut Cng nghip - i hc Thi Nguyn. Ni dung gio trnh c mc ch
trang b cho sinh vin cc ngnh k thut: Cng ngh ch to my, C tin k
thut, K thut hng khng, K thut tu thu, My thu kh, t, ng c,
To hnh bin dng, Cng ngh cht do & composite, Cng ngh & kt cu
hn v.v.:
-
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
ii
MC LC
Chng 1
GII THIU PHNG PHP PHN T HU HN
1.
2.
3.
3.1.
3.2.
Nt hnh hc ............................................................................................... 2
Qui tc chia min thnh cc phn t............................................................ 2
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
1.
i s ma trn ................................................................................. 11
1.1.
1.2.
1.3.
1.4.
1.5.
1.6.
1.7.
1.8.
1.9.
1.10.
1.11.
1.12.
Vct ....................................................................................................... 11
Ma trn n v .......................................................................................... 12
Php cng v php tr ma trn. ................................................................. 12
Nhn ma trn vi hng s ......................................................................... 12
Nhn hai ma trn ...................................................................................... 13
Chuyn v ma trn .................................................................................... 13
o hm v tch phn ma trn................................................................... 14
nh thc ca ma trn .............................................................................. 14
Nghch o ma trn .................................................................................. 15
Ma trn ng cho .............................................................................. 16
Ma trn i xng .................................................................................. 16
Ma trn tam gic ................................................................................... 16
2.
2.1.
2.2.
M t........................................................................................................ 17
Gii thut kh Gauss tng qut ................................................................. 18
Chng 3
THUT TON XY DNG MA TRN CNG
V VCT LC NT CHUNG
1.
Cc v d ......................................................................................... 22
1.1.
1.2.
V d 1 ..................................................................................................... 22
V d 2 ..................................................................................................... 24
2.
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
2.1.
2.2.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
M u ............................................................................................ 31
M hnh phn t hu hn ................................................................. 31
Cc h trc to v hm dng ....................................................... 32
Th nng ton phn ......................................................................... 35
Ma trn cng phn t .................................................................. 36
Qui i lc v nt ............................................................................ 37
iu kin bin, h phng trnh phn t hu hn ............................. 38
V d ............................................................................................... 40
Chng trnh tnh kt cu mt chiu 1D ....................................... 46
Bi tp ............................................................................................. 50
Chng 5
PHN T HU HN TRONG TNH TON H THANH PHNG
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
M u ............................................................................................ 52
H to a phng, h to chung ............................................ 52
Ma trn cng phn t .................................................................. 54
ng sut .......................................................................................... 55
V d ............................................................................................... 55
Chng trnh tnh h thanh phng .................................................... 57
Bi tp ............................................................................................. 67
Chng 6
PHN T HU HN TRONG BI TON HAI CHIU
1.
M u ............................................................................................ 71
1.1.
1.2.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
iv
Chng 7
PHN T HU HN
TRONG BI TON I XNG TRC CHU TI TRNG I XNG
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
M u .......................................................................................... 103
M t i xng trc ....................................................................... 103
Phn t tam gic ............................................................................ 104
Chng trnh tnh kt cu i xng trc......................................... 114
Bi tp ........................................................................................... 122
Chng 8
PHN T T GIC
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
M u .......................................................................................... 126
Phn t t gic............................................................................... 126
Hm dng ...................................................................................... 127
Ma trn cng ca phn t.......................................................... 129
Qui i lc v nt .......................................................................... 131
Tch phn s .................................................................................. 132
Tnh ng sut................................................................................. 136
V d ............................................................................................. 136
Chng trnh ................................................................................. 138
Bi tp ........................................................................................... 150
Chng 9
PHN T HU HN TRONG TNH TON KT CU DM V KHUNG
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
1.
2.
2.1.
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
2.2.
2.3.
3.
3.1.
3.2.
3.3.
3.4.
3.5.
4.
4.1.
4.2.
5.
Bi tp ........................................................................................... 203
Chng 11
PHN T HU HN
TRONG TNH TON KT CU TM - V CHU UN
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
1.
2.
3.
3.1.
3.2.
4.
4.1.
4.2.
5.
6.
1.
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
vi
2.
3.
4.
M t bi ton................................................................................ 268
Vt rn c khi lng phn b ....................................................... 270
Ma trn khi lng ca phn t c khi lng phn b.................. 272
4.1.
4.2.
4.3.
4.4.
4.5.
4.6.
4.7.
5.
6.
V d ............................................................................................. 276
Chng trnh tnh tn s dao ng t do ca dm v khung .................. 277
6.1.
6.2.
7.
Bi tp ........................................................................................... 287
TI LIU THAM KHO
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
vii
Chng 1
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
Nt hnh hc
v2
bin gii
v2
v1
bin gii
v1
v2
bin gii
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
4. CC DNG PHN T HU HN
Phn t bc nht
Phn t bc hai
Phn t bc ba
Phn t bc nht
Phn t bc hai
Phn t bc ba
Phn t ba chiu
Phn t t din
Phn t bc nht
Phn t bc hai
Phn t bc ba
Phn t lng tr
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
Phn t bc nht
Phn t bc hai
Phn t bc ba
y
(4)
r3
0,1
0,0
(3)
v2
r2
r1
vr
v3
(1)
v1
(2)
1,0
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
6.
-1
-1
-1
-1
Phn t bc hai
Phn t bc nht
/2 0
/2
Phn t bc ba
v
0,0
/2
Phn t bc nht
1 ,1
/2 /2
0,0
/2
Phn t bc hai
1 ,2
/3 /3
/3
2 ,1
/3 /3
vr
/3
0,0
/3
/3
Phn t bc ba
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
0,0,1
0,0,1
vr
0,0,1
0,0,0
vr
vr
0,1,0
0,1,0
1,0,0
1,0,0
Phn t bc nht
0,1,0
1,0,0
Phn t bc hai
Phn t bc ba
Phn t su mt
vr
0,1,1
vr
vr
1,1,0
Phn t bc nht
0,1,1
0,1,1
1,1,0
Phn t bc hai
1,1,0
Phn t bc ba
f : f = f[ fx, fy , fz]T
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
(1.1)
(1.2)
T
u v w v w u w u v
x y z z y z x y x
Cc thnh phn ca tenx ng sut c k hiu bi ma trn ct:
(1.3)
(1.4)
=D
(1.5)
Trong :
1
1
1
E
D
1 1 2 0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0 ,5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0 ,5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0 ,5
=U+W
Vi vt th n hi tuyn tnh th nng lng bin dng trn mt
1
n v th tch c xc nh bi: T
2
Do nng lng bin dng ton phn:
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
(1.6)
dv
(1.7)
W u T FdV u T TdS u i Pi
V
(1.8)
i 1
n
1
T
T
T
T
dV
u
f
dV
u
TdS
ui Pi
2V
i 1
V
S
(1.9)
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
In kt qu
- In cc kt qu mong mun
- V cc biu , th
Hnh 1.3. S khi ca chng trnh PTHH
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
10
Chng 2
I S MA TRN V PHNG PHP KH GAUSSIAN
p dng phng php PTHH trong cc bi ton k thut thng
lin quan n mt lot cc php ton trn ma trn. V vy, cc php
ton c bn trn ma trn v phng php kh Gaussian (Gauss) gii
h phng trnh tuyn tnh s l 2 ni dung chnh c cp trong
chng ny.
1. I S MA TRN
(2.1)
an1 x1 an 2 x2 ann xn bn
trong , x1, x2, , xn l cc nghim cn tm. H phng trnh (2.1) c
th c biu din dng thu gn:
Ax = b
trong , A l ma trn vung c kch thc (n n), v x v b l cc
vct (n1), c bin din nh sau:
a11
a
A 21
a n1
a12
a 22
a n2
a1n
a 2 n
a nn
x1
x
2
x
xn
b1
b
b 2
bn
1.1. Vct
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
11
(2.2)
v vct ct (3 1):
11
c2
34
1.2. Ma trn n v
1 0 0
I 0 1 0
0 0 1
(2.3)
V d:
3 2 8 5 5 7
5 1 1 2 4 3
(2.4)
3 2 300 200
10 2
5 1 500 100
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
12
(2.5)
(m n)
(n p)
(m p)
trong , phn t th (ij) ca C l (cij) c tnh theo biu thc:
n
(2.6)
k 1
V d:
4 5
2 8 5
54 70
3 1 4 2 5 38 36
6 4
Ch :
- iu kin tn ti php nhn 2 ma trn AB l s ct ca ma
trn A phi bng s hng ca ma trn B.
- Trong phn ln cc trng hp, nu tn ti tch 2 ma trn AB
v BA, th tch 2 ma trn khng c tnh cht giao hon, c ngha l
AB BA.
1.6. Chuyn v ma trn
4 5
A 2 5
6 4
4 2 6
th: AT
5 5 4
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
(2.7)
13
A 2 x
y
6x
x 4 y
da ( x)
d
A( x) ij
dx
dx
(2.8)
Adxdy a dxdy
ij
(2.9)
(2.10)
det( A) a11 det( A11 ) a12 det( A12 ) 1 a1n det( A1n )
n
(2.11)
i j
trong , Aij l ma trn kch thc (n-1 n-1) thu c bng cch loi
i hng i ct j ca ma trn A.
V d:
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
14
a11
a
A 21
an1
a12
a22
an 2
a1n
a2n
ann
a22
a
A11 32
an 2
a23
a33
an 3
a2 n
a3n
ann
Cng thc (2.11) l cng thc tng qut. Theo cng thc ny, nh thc
ca ma trn vung c kch thc (n n) c xc nh theo phng
php truy hi t nh thc cc ma trn c kch thc (n-1 n-1). Trong
, ma trn ch c 1 phn t (1 1) c:
det(apq) = apq
(2.12)
1.9. Nghch o ma trn
A1
adjA
det A
(2.14)
i j
a11
A
a21
1
a12
a22
1 a 22
det A a21
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
a12
a11
15
2 0 0
D 0 3 0
0 0 5
(2.15a)
(2.15b)
2 3 11
A 3 4
0
11 0 9
1.12. Ma trn tam gic
2 3 11
A 0 4
0
0 0 9
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
2 0 0
B 3 4 0
11 0 9
16
2. PHP KH GAUSS
M t
(1)
2 x1 5 x2 3 x3 2
(2)
x1 x2 15 x3 4
(3)
(1)
0 x1 x2 7 x3 4
(21)
0 x1 x2 20 x3 5
(31)
(1)
0 x1 x2 7 x3 4
(21)
0 x1 0 x2 27 x3 9
(32)
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
17
5 3 2 0 1 7 4 0 1 7 4
1 1 15 4
0 1 20 5
0 0 27 9
1
5
x3 ; x2 ;
3
3
2.2.
x1
8
3
a11
a
21
a31
ai1
a
n1
a12
a22
a32
ai 2
an2
a13
a23
a33
ai 3
an 3
a1 j
a2 j
a3 j
aij
anj
a1n x1 b1
a2 n x2 b2
a3n x3 b3
ain xi bi
ann xn bn
(2.16)
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
18
a11
a
21
a31
ai1
a
n1
a12
a22
a32
ai 2
an2
a13
a23
a33
ai 3
an 3
a1 j
a2 j
a3 j
aij
anj
a1n
a2 n
a3n
ain
ann
b1
b
2
b3
b
i
bn
(2.17)
11
(2.18)
b 1 b ai1 b ; i, j 2,..., n
i
1
i
a11
Bc 2. S dng phng trnh th hai (hng 2) loi x2 ra khi cc
phng trnh cn li. Bc ny s tc ng n cc phn t nm trong
vng nh du di y v lm cho cc phn t t hng 3 n hng
th n ca ct 2 bng khng.
a11
0
a12
1
a22
1
a32
ai12
an12
a13
1
a23
1
a33
ai13
an13
a1 j
a21j
a31j
aij1
anj1
a1n
a21n
a31n
ain1
1
ann
b1
b 1
2
b31
b 1
i
1
bn
(2.19)
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
19
a1 j a1n b1
a11 a12 a13
0 a 1 a 1
2
0
0 a33
0
0
0 akk11,k1 a kk11,j akk11,n bkk11 (2.20)
0
0
0 ai,kk11 ai,kj1 ai,kn1 bik 1
k 1
k 1
k 1
0
k 1
0
0
a
b
n ,k 1
n, j
n ,n n
k 1 ; i, j k 1,..., n
aij aij
k 1 a kj
a kk
(2.21)
k 1
a
k
k 1 ik b k 1 ; i, j k 1,..., n
bi bi
k 1 k
a kk
(1)
a 22
a13
a14
(1)
23
(2)
33
(1)
24
( 2)
34
( 3)
44
a
a
a
a
a
a1n x1 b1
a2(1n) x2 b2(1)
a3( 2n) x3 b3( 2)
a4(3n) x4 b4( 3)
( n 1)
( n 1)
ann
xn bn
(2.22)
b
x n n ; , x i
a nn
bi
ij
j i 1
a ii
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
xj
;
i n 1, n 2 , ,1
(2.23)
20
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
21
Chng 3
THUT TON XY DNG MA TRN CNG CHUNG
V VCT LC NT CHUNG
V d 1
8
5
5
1
3
Hnh 3.1
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
22
7 3 1
8 1 2
9 4 1
2
3
k 3 6 2 ; k 1 7 3 ; k 4 6 0
1 2 5
2 3 4
1 0 5
1
Li gii
1. Xy dng bng ghp ni phn t (ng n cc nt ngc chiu kim
ng h)
Bc t do
Phn t
1
2
3
1
4
2
2
2
3
4
5
5
2. Xt tng phn t
Vi phn t 1, cc dng v ct c nhn dng nh sau:
1 2 4
7 3 1
k 3 6 2
1 2 5
1
1
2
4
0
K
1
0
3
6
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
2
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
2
3
4
5
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
23
3
0
1
0
7
3 6 7 0 2 1 3
0
0
0
0
0
K
1 2 1 0 5 8 2
0
3
0
2
4
1
2
3
4
5
Vi phn t 3:
2 3 5
9 4 1
k 4 6 0
1 0 5
3
2
3
5
0
4
6
0 00
K
3
0
13
2
1
0 3 1 0 0 2 4 5
1
2
3
4
5
V d 2
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
24
22
3
7
k1
4
6
3
29
9
9
1
7
7
9
30
6
3
5
4
9
6
31
4
8
6
1
3
4
16
2
2
7
5
;
8
2
24
3
6
4
f1
1
7
5
23
1
6
k4
8
3
1
19
2
6
7
5
6
2
30
7
8
7
8
4
7
25
2
4
3
7
8
2
27
7
5
5
7
;
4
7
28
9
7
6
f4
2
4
5
4
2
1
1
i
2
2
Hnh 3.2
2 i1
q2i 1
q2 j 1
q2 j
q2 k 1
q2 k q1
T
q2
q3
q4
q9
q10
7
1
k
4
6
10
3 7 4 6 2 1
29 9 9 1 7 2
9 30 6 3 5 3
9 6 31 4 8 4
1 3 4 16 2 9
7 5 8 2 24 10
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
25
1
22
3
4
0
0
K 0
0
6
0
0
4 5 6 7 8
10 11 12
3 7 4 0 0 0 0 6 2 00 0 1
29 9 9 0 0 0 0 1 7 0 0 2
9 30 6 0 0 0 0 3 5 0 0 3
9 6 31 0 0 0 0 4 8 0 0 4
0
0
0 0 0 0 0 0
0
0 0 5
0
0
0 0 0 0 0 0
0
0 0 6
0
0
0 0 0 0 0 0
0
0 0 7
0
0
0 0 0 0 0 0
0
0 0 8
1 3 4 0 0 0 0 16 2 0 0 9
7 5 8 0 0 0 0 2 24 0 0 10
0
0
0 0 0 0 0 0
0
0 0 11
0
0
0 0 0 0 0 0
0
0 0 12
2 i1
q2i 1
q2 j 1
q2 j
9
23
1
6
4
k
8
3
q2 k 1
10
q2k q9
q10
12
11
q3
q4
q11
q12
1 6 8 3 5 9
19 2 4 7 5 10
2 30 7 8 7 3
6 7 25 2 4 4
7 8 2 27 7 11
5 7 4 7 28 12
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
26
1
22
3
4
0
0
K 0
0
6
0
0
5 6 7 8
10
0 0 0 0
29
9
9
60
9 0 0 0 0
16 0 0 0 0
1
9
7
7
9 13
0
0
11 12
0
0
0
8 7
56
0
0 0 0 0 12 14 2 4
0 0 0 0 0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0 0 0 0
1
7
9
7
12 0 0 0 0
12 0 0 0 0
39
3
3
43
3 5
7 5
0
0
8
7
2
4
3
5
7
5
27 7
7 28
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
3
6
4
f1
1
7
5
3 1
6 2
4 3
1
1 4
0 5
2
0 6
3
F 0 7
4
0 8
9
7 9
10
5 10
0 11
0 12
9
7
6
; f 4
2
4
5
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
3 1
6 2
10 3
9
3 4
0 5
10
0 6
3
F 0 7
4
0 8
11
16 9
12
12 10
4 11
5 12
27
Nguyn tc chung
K ke ; F f e
e
(3.1)
Q3
Q4
Q5
- Vi phn t 1 (e =1)
Q1 Q2
Q4
Q4
Q2
Q5
index(2, :) 4
- Vi phn t 3 (e =3)
q
Q2
Q3
Q5
index(3, :) 2
index(1, :)
- Vi phn t 2 (e =2)
q
2
...
10
4
...
4
10
...
12
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
11
28
Khi y:
Q Q1 Q2
Q3
Q4
Q5
Q6
Q7
Q8
Q9
Q10
Q11 Q12
- Vi phn t s 1
Q1 Q2
Q3
Q4
Q9
Q10
10
Q9
Q10
Q3
Q4
Q11 Q12
index(4, :) 9
10
index(1, :) 1
- Vi phn t s 4
q
11
12
(3.2)
(3.3)
(3.4)
(3.5)
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
29
...
K=zero(sdof,sodf);
F=zero(sdof,1);
e =1; i = 1; j = 1;
F
F index(e, i ) F index(e, i ) f e i
i = i+1;
i edof
F
e = e +1;
T
e noe
F
...
Hnh 3.3. S thut ton ghp ni phn t
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
30
Chng 4
PHN T HU HN TRONG BI TON MT CHIU
1. M U
u u x ;
x ;
(4.1)
du
dx
Vi bi ton mt chiu, vi phn th tch dv c vit di dng:
dv=Adx
trong , A l din tch mt ct ngang.
E ;
(4.2)
(4.2)
2. M HNH PHN T HU HN
Vct ct Q Qi
Lc nt c k hiu l Fi ; i = 1, n.
Vct ct F Fi
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
31
1
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q5
q1
2
q2
Q6
Hnh 4.1b. Ch s cc b
Phn t
1(u)
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
2(cui)
2
3
4
5
6
Ch s a phng
Ch s chung
3. CC H TRC TO V HM DNG
x1
x
x2
(a)
= -1
= 1
(b)
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
32
x x 1
2
x x1 1 1
x2 x1
x x2 1
(4.3)
1 : 1 x x1 : x2
Vy:
u2
u1
1
q2
q1
1
1
2
1
N2
2
1
-1
u=N1q1+N2q2
N1
0
(a)
N2
N1
2
1
1
-1
(4.4)
1
q2
q1
2
0
(b)
2
(c)
Hnh 4.4. (a), (b). Hm dng N1, N2; (c). Ni suy tuyn tnh
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
33
u N 1 q1 N 2 q 2
Hoc di dng ma trn:
u = Nq
Trong :
N N1 , N 2
q q1
(4.6)
q1
(4.7)
N1 1
x x1 1
u q1
N 2 0
N1 0
x x2 1
u q2
N 2 1
By gi ta ni suy ta x nh cc hm dng N 1 , N 2
x N1 x1 N 2 x 2
So snh:
(4.8)
x N1 x1 N 2 x 2
u N1q1 N 2 q2
du du d
dx d dx
(4.9)
m:
d
2
dx x2 x1
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
(4.10)
34
suy ra
u N1q1 N 2 q 2
1
1
q1
q2
2
2
(4.11)
du q1 q2
d
2
(4.12)
1
q1 q2
x2 x1
(4.13)
do :
Bq; B
1
1 1
x 2 x1
(4.14)
= EBq
(4.15)
Ch :
B, , l cc i lng hng s;
Cc biu thc u = Nq; = Bq; = EBq m t chuyn v, bin
dng v ng sut qua cc gi tr chuyn v nt ca phn t. Ta
s th cc biu thc ny vo biu thc th nng ca thanh
thit lp ma trn cng v ma trn lc nt ca phn t.
4. TH NNG TON PHN
n
1 T
T
T
T
A
d
x
u
f
Adx
u
Tdx
ui Pi
L
L
2 L
i 1
(4.16)
n
1
T
T
T
A
d
x
u
f
Adx
u
Tdx
Qi Pi
e
e
2 e e
i
1
e
e
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
(4.17)
35
Gi:
Ue
1 T
Adx
2 e
Ue
1 T T
q B Ee B q Ae d x
2 e
1
U e q T BT Ee B Ae d x q
2 e
(4.18)
1 T le
T
U e q Ae Ee B B d q
2
1
2
vi:
1
1 1
x2 x1
B
ta c:
Ue
1 T Ae Ee
q
2
le
1 1
1 1 q
Gi:
Ae Ee 1 1
le 1 1
l ma trn cng ca phn t .
Khi , biu thc th nng (4.18) c biu din dng thu gn nh
sau:
ke
Ue
(4.19)
1 T e
q k q
2
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
(4.20)
36
6. QUI I LC V NT
e u f Adx q Ae f N 2 dx
le 1
l
N
dx
d e
1
2 1 2
2
e
1
N dx le 1 d le
2
2 1 2
2
e
m:
u T f Adx q T
e
Ae f le 1
T
e
q f
2 1
Vi:
fe
Ae f le
2
(4.21)
T dx N1q1 N 2 q2
T N1dx
T e
T dx q e
q T
T N 2 dx
e
Vi:
T le 1
2 1
c gi l lc din tch qui i v nt ca phn t
Te
(4.22)
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
37
1
Q T KQ Q T F
2
(4.23)
Trong :
Q l vct chuyn v nt chung,
K l ma trn cng chung, c xc nh t cc ma trn
cng ke ca cc phn t:
Te P F
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
38
Vi mt kt cu c n bc t do, ta c
T
Q Q1
Q2 Qn
F F1
F2 Fn
K n1
K 12
K 22
K n2
K 1n
K 2n
K nn
(4.24)
K l ma trn i xng
Ta vit biu thc ca th nng di dng khai trin nh sau:
Q K Q Q K Q Q K Q
n n1 1
n n2 2
n nn n
(4.25)
Q K a Q K Q Q K Q
n n1 1
n n2 2
n nn n
(4.26)
0; i 2,..., n
Qi
(4.27)
ta thu c:
Kn2Q2 Kn3Q3 KnnQn Fn Kn1a1
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
(4.28)
39
K n2
K 23 K 2n Q2 F2 K 21 a1
K 33 K 3n Q3 F3 K 31a1
K n3 K nn Qn Fn K n1a1
(4.29)
(4.31)
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
40
P=10 kN
(a)
x
C
A
1
(b)
1
Nt i
Nt j
1
1
AE 1
k2 2 2
l2 1
3. Ma trn cng chung K:
k1
A1 E1
l1
1 4 4
10 4 N
mm
1 4 4
1 2 2
10 4 N
mm
1 2 2
4
0
4
K 4 4 2 2 10 4 N
mm
0
2
2
4. Vct lc nt chung F:
F = [0 0 10]T
5. H phng trnh phn t hu hn:
4
0 Q1 R
4
10 4 4 2 2 Q2 0
2
2 Q3 10
0
4
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
41
6. p t iu kin bin:
Do Q1 = 0 (lin kt ngm ti A), do ta loi dng 1 v ct 1 trong h
phng trnh trn. Cui cng ta thu c h phng trnh:
6 2 Q2 0
10 4
2 2 Q3 10
7. Xc nh chuyn v, bin dng, ng sut
Gii h phng trnh trn ta c:
Q2 = 0,25 10-3 mm
Q3 = 0,75 10-3 mm
p dng cng thc (4.31), ta tm c phn lc lin kt:
R1 =104 (-4 Q2 ) = -10 N
Bin dng c tnh cho mi phn t
B
1
C
A
Hnh 4.6. Trc bc chu ko ng tm
Li gii
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
42
Nt i
Nt j
k1
A1 E1
l1
1 1 2400 70 103
1 1
300
1 1 N
1 1 mm
k2
A2 E2
l2
1 1 N
1 1 mm
mm
300 300
4. Vct lc nt chung F:
F = [R1 200103 R3]T
5. H phng trnh phn t hu hn:
0 Q1 R1
560 560
0
300 300 Q3 R3
3
6. p t iu kin bin:
Do Q1 = 0 (lin kt ngm ti A) v Q3 = 0 (lin kt ngm ti C) , do
ta loi dng 1, ct 1 v dng 3, ct 3 trong h phng trnh trn. Cui
cng ta thu c phng trnh:
860 Q2 = 200
7. Xc nh chuyn v, bin dng, ng sut
Gii phng trnh trn ta c:
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
43
Q2 = 0,23257 mm
p dng cng thc (4.31), ta tm c cc phn lc lin kt:
R1 =103 (-560 Q2 ) = -130,233 KN
R3 =103 (-300 Q2 ) = -69,767 KN
Bin dng c tnh cho mi phn t
150mm
C
B 2
150mm
1,2mm
mm
150
0 1 1
Vct lc nt chung F:
F = [R1 60103 R3]T
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
44
1 2 1 Q2 60 10 3
150
0 1 1 Q3 R3
p t iu kin bin: Do Q1 = 0 (lin kt ngm ti A) v Q3 = 1,2 (khe
h ti C) , do ta loi dng 1, ct 1. Cui cng ta thu c h phng
trnh:
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
45
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
46
for i=1:noe
Phan_tu = i
index(i,1)=input('Chi so nut toan cuc cua nut 1:');
index(i,2)=input('Chi so nut toan cuc cua nut 2:');
end
% Nhap du lieu: cac thong tin ve tai trong tac dung.
% 1. Tai trong tap trung
nof=input('Nhap so luc tap trung:'); % nof=Number Of Force
for i=1:nof
Luc_thu =i
temp_f(i)=input('Gia tri luc (don vi N): ');
force_pos(i)=input('Vi tri dat luc (nut so): ');
end
% Thong tin ve lien ket
noc=0; % noc=Number Of Clamp
while ((noc==0)|(noc>2))
noc=input('So luong lien ket (1 hoac 2):');
end
for i=1:noc
c(i)=input('Vi tri dat lien ket (nut dat lien ket): ');
end
% Tinh ma tran do cung phan tu
for i=1:noe
k(1,1,i)=E(i)*A(i)/los(i);
k(1,2,i)=-k(1,1,i);
k(2,1,i)=-k(1,1,i);
k(2,2,i)=k(1,1,i);
end
for e=1:noe % In ma tran do cung cac phan tu
k(e,:)
end
% Xay dung ma tran do cung tong the
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
47
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
48
f(e,:)
end
% Xay dung vecto luc nut chung
ff=zeros(sdof,1);
for node=1:non
for e=1:noe
for n=1:2
if (index(e,n)==node)
ff(node)=f(e,n);
end
end
end
end
ff % In vecto luc nut chung
% Ap dat dieu kien bien
for node=1:noc
kk(c(node),:)=0;
kk(:,c(node))=0;
ff(c(node))=0;
kk(c(node),c(node))=1;
end
kk
ff
Q=kk\ff;
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
49
10. BI TP
4.2.
Xt kt cu thanh bng thp, mun n hi
9
E=20010 N/m2. C lin kt v chu lc nh Hnh 4.10.2. Xc nh cc
chuyn v nt (cc chm en trn hnh), ng sut trong cc phn t v
cc thnh phn phn lc ti ngm. Hy gii bi ton bng tay v nghin
cu k Chng trnh cho, sa i li mt s im nu cn thit v
b sung phn chng trnh tnh ng sut trong cc phn t; thc hnh
tnh ton bng chng trnh v so snh kt qu.
400mm2
250mm2
P=300 kN
150mm
150mm
300mm
Hnh 4.10.2
4.3. Xt kt cu thanh bng thp, mun n hi
E=200109N/m2. C lin kt v chu lc nh Hnh 4.10.3. Xc nh cc
chuyn v nt, ng sut trong cc phn t v cc thnh phn phn lc
ti ngm.
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
50
250mm2
400mm2
P=300 kN
150mm
150mm
P=600 kN
200mm
200mm
3.5mm
Hnh 4.10.3
4.4. Xt kt cu lin kt v chu lc nh Hnh 4.10.4. Thanh
nm ngang c xem nh l tuyt i cng, cc thanh treo c lm
bng thp v nhm, c mun n hi nh ch ra trn hnh v. Tnh
ng sut trong mi thanh treo.
thp
22 cm
E=200109 N/m2
40 cm
30 cm
Nhm
24 cm
E=70109 N/m2
50cm
20 cm
60 KN
Hnh 4.10.4
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
51
Chng 5
PHN T HU HN TRONG TNH TON H THANH PHNG
1. M U
6
Q2
Q4
2
Q16
Q13 8
Q6
Q3
Q1
1
Q14
Q15
Q8
Q5
3
Q10
Q7
Q9
5
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
52
q2
q4sin
q3cos
q4
q3
q1
q2sin
q1cos
q1
(a)
q2
(b)
(5.1)
(5.2)
q1 = q1 cos + q2 sin
(5.3a)
q2 = q3 cos + q4 sin
(5.3b)
K hiu
= cos
(5.4a)
m = sin
(5.4b)
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
53
Ta c th vit
(5.5)
q = L q
Trong L l ma trn chuyn v, c vit di dng:
l m 0 0
L
0 0 l m
(5.6)
1 1
1 1
Ee Ae
le
1
U e q 'T k ' q '
2
Thay q = Lq vo biu thc trn, ta c
(5.8)
1
U e q T LT k ' L q
2
Cui cng, nng lng bin dng trong h to chung c vit di
dng:
1
U e qT k q
2
Trong k l ma trn cng ca phn t trong h to chung v
k = LT k' L
Thay biu thc ca L t (5.6) v ca k' t (5.7) vo (5.11), ta c
l2
lm
m2
Ee Ae lm
k
le l 2 lm
2
lm m
(5.9)
(5.10)
(5.11)
l 2 lm
lm m 2
l2
lm
lm
m 2
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
(5.7)
(5.12)
54
= Ee
Hoc
Ee
q'
q '2 q '1 Ee
1 1 1 Ee 1 1Lq
le
le
q ' 2 l e
Ee
l m l
le
mq
(5.13)
V D
300
L, A, E
(a)
x
P
300
2
1
(b)
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
55
Li gii
1. M hnh. Ta m hnh ho h thanh bi 2 phn t hu hn; mi nt
phn t c 2 bc t do.
2. Xc nh ma trn cng ca cc phn t
p dng cng thc (5.12), ta tnh c cc ma trn cng ca
cc phn t.
Vi phn t 1: l cos 1; m sin 0;
1
EA 0
k1
L 1
Vi phn t 2: l cos
L1 L
0 1 0
0 0 0
0 1 0
0 0 0
3
1
2
; m sin ; L2
L
2
2
3
3 3
3
3 3
3
8
8
8
8
3
3
3
3
EA
8
8
8
8
k2
L
3 3
3
3 3
3
8
8
8
8
3
3
3
3
8
8
8
8
T y, ta thit lp c ma trn cng chung K v h phng trnh:
1
0
0
0
1 0
0 0
0
0
0
0 0
R
3 1
1 0 1 3 3 3 3 3
R
0
8
8
8
8 2
EA
3
3
3
3 Q3 0
0 0
L
8
8
8
8 Q4 P
3 3
3
3 3
3
0 R5
0 0 8
8
8
8 0 R
6
3
3
3
3
0 0
8
8
8
8
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
56
3 3
3
EA 1 8
8 Q3 0
L
3
3 Q4 P
8
8
Gii h phng trnh trn, ta c:
LP
3
Q3
EA
8
LP
Q4
3
3
EA
Thay cc gi tr chuyn v trn vo (5.14), ta tm c phn lc lin
kt:
R R1
R1
R5
R6
0 3 1P
P=100KN Q6
Q7
Q5
4
3
75 cm
Q2
Q4
Q1
y
1
x
2
2
Q3
1
100 cm
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
57
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
58
lcoord(1,2,1)=0;
lcoord(2,1,1)=length;
lcoord(2,2,1)=0;
lcoord(1,1,2)=lcoord(2,1,1);
lcoord(1,2,2)=lcoord(2,2,1);
lcoord(2,1,2)=lcoord(2,1,1);
lcoord(2,2,2)=length*3/4;
lcoord(1,1,3)=0;
lcoord(1,2,3)=0;
lcoord(2,1,3)=length;
lcoord(2,2,3)=length*3/4;
lcoord(1,1,4)=0;
lcoord(1,2,4)=length*3/4;
lcoord(2,1,4)=length;
lcoord(2,2,4)=length*3/4;
% Chi so nut phan tu theo chi so nut chung
index(1,1)=1;
index(1,2)=2;
index(2,1)=2;
index(2,2)=3;
index(3,1)=1;
index(3,2)=3;
index(4,1)=4;
index(4,2)=3;
end
% Tinh chieu dai cac thanh l(e) va ma tran chuyen doi he co so:
% trans_mat(e).
for i=1:noe
L(i)=sqrt((lcoord(2,1,i)-lcoord(1,1,i))^2+(lcoord(2,2,i)lcoord(1,2,i))^2);
l(i)=(lcoord(2,1,i)-lcoord(1,1,i))/L(i);
m(i)=(lcoord(2,2,i)-lcoord(1,2,i))/L(i);
% Ma tran chuyen doi he toa do
trans_mat(1,1,i)=l(i);
trans_mat(1,2,i)=m(i);
trans_mat(1,3,i)=0;
trans_mat(1,4,i)=0;
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
59
trans_mat(2,1,i)=0;
trans_mat(2,2,i)=0;
trans_mat(2,3,i)=l(i);
trans_mat(2,4,i)=m(i);
% Ma tran chuyen doi he toa do ung suat
stress_trans(i,1)=-l(i);
stress_trans(i,2)=-m(i);
stress_trans(i,3)=l(i);
stress_trans(i,4)=m(i);
% Modul dan hoi cua cac thanh
E(i)=emodul;
A(i)=area; % Tiet dien ngang cua cac thanh
end
% Tinh ma tran do cung phan tu trong he toa do dia phuong
for i=1:noe
k_local(1,1,i)=(E(i)*A(i)/L(i));
k_local(1,2,i)=-k_local(1,1,i);
k_local(2,1,i)=-k_local(1,1,i);
k_local(2,2,i)=k_local(1,1,i);
end
% Tinh ma tran do cung phan tu trong he toa do chung
trans_trans_mat=permute(trans_mat,[2,1,3]);
for i=1:noe
k(:,:,i)=trans_trans_mat(:,:,i)*k_local(:,:,i)*trans_mat(:,:,i);
end
k % In ma tran do cung phan tu
% Xay dung ma tran do cung tong the
edof=2; %edof: so bac tu do cua 1 node
sdof=non*edof;
kk=zeros(sdof,sdof);
for row_indx=1:non
for e=1:noe
for n1=1:2
if (index(e,n1) = = row_indx)
for col_indx=1:non
for n2=1:2
if (index(e,n2)==col_indx)
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
60
for i=1:2
for j=1:2
kk((row_indx-1)*edof+i,(col_indx-1)*edof+j)=...
kk((row_indx-1)*edof+i,(col_indx-1)*edof+j)+...
k((n1-1)*edof+i,(n2-1)*edof+j,e);
end
end
end
end
end
end
end
end
end
kkk=kk;
kk % In ma tran do cung tong the
% Tinh ma tran luc nut phan tu
f=zeros(noe,2*edof);
f(2,1)=20000
f(2,4)=-25000;
f % In ve to luc nut phan tu
% Xay dung ve to luc nut chung
ff=zeros(sdof,1);
for row_indx=1:non
for e=1:noe
for n=1:2 % 2:so node/phan tu
if (index(e,n)==row_indx)
for i=1:2
ff((row_indx-1)*edof+i)=ff((row_indx-1)*edof+i)...
+f(e,(n-1)*edof+i);
end
end
end
end
end
% In vec to luc nut chung
ff
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
61
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
62
stress
% Tinh Phan luc lien ket tai cac goi
R=zeros(sdof,1);
R=kkk*disp;
R
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
63
Kt qu s
k(:,:,1) =
1.0e+011 *
1.2916
-1.2916
-1.2916
1.2916
1.7221
-1.7221
-1.7221
1.7221
6.6128
4.9596
-6.6128
-4.9596
4.9596
3.7197
-4.9596
-3.7197
-6.6128
-4.9596
6.6128
4.9596
-4.9596
-3.7197
4.9596
3.7197
0
0
0
0
-1.2916
0
1.2916
0
0
0
0
0
k(:,:,2) =
1.0e+011 *
k(:,:,3) =
1.0e+010 *
k(:,:,4) =
1.0e+011 *
1.2916
0
-1.2916
0
kk =
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
64
1.0e+011 *
1.9529 0.4960
0.4960 0.3720
-1.2916 0
0
0
-0.6613 -0.4960
-0.4960 -0.3720
0
0
0
0
-1.2916
0
1.2916
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1.7221
0
-1.7221
0
0
-0.6613
-0.4960
0
0
1.9529
0.4960
-1.2916
0
-0.4960
-0.3720
0
-1.7221
0.4960
2.0941
0
0
0
0
0
0
-1.2916
0
1.2916
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
disp =
1.0e-006 *
Q1
0
Q2
0
Q3
0.1549
Q4
0
Q5
0.0323
Q6
-0.1270
Q7
0
Q8
0
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
65
eldisp=
Phn t
Nt 1
Nt 2
Phng x
1.0e-006 *
Phng y
1.0e-006 *
Phng x
1.0e-006 *
Phng y
1.0e-006 *
0.1549
0.1549
0.0323
-0.1270
0.0323
-0.1270
0.0323
-0.1270
stress=
Phn t
ng sut (mPa)
31.0001
-33.9063
-8.0729
6.4583
R=
Ri
-1.5833
0.3125
2.0000
2.1875
-0.0000
-2.5000
-0.4167
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
66
7. BI TP
Q2i
1000 mm2
Q2i-1
i
500 mm
3
1250 mm2
750 mm
Hnh 5.7.1
5.2. Mt kt cu gin gm 3
thanh c nh s (nt v thanh) nh
trn Hnh 5.7.2. Vt liu ca cc thanh I
v II l nhm, vt liu ca thanh III l
thp. Tit din ca thanh I l 15cm2 v
tit din ca thanh II v III l 8cm2. Xc
nh chuyn v ca nt 2 v ng sut
trong cc thanh. Gii bi ton bng tay
v bng cch s dng phn mm tnh
ton kt cu tng ng. Khi gii bng tay
yu cu biu din ma trn cng tng
th di dng ton b v di dng rt
gn. Cho Enhm = 70gPa, Ethp = 210gPa.
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
8 kN
1 I
II
5 kN
III 1m
y
3
x
0,7m
0,5m
67
5.3. Mt kt cu gin gm 5
a
a
thanh c nh s (nt v thanh) nh
trn Hnh 5.7.3. Vt liu ca cc thanh
2
x
u l thp v c mun n hi Ethp =
1
3
210gPa. Tit din ca thanh I, II v III l
I
II
15cm2 v tit din ca thanh IV v V l
IV
V
8cm2. Xc nh chuyn v ca cc nt v
III
P
ng sut trong cc thanh. Gii bi ton
P
5
4
bng tay v bng cch s dng chng
Q
Q
trnh tnh ton kt cu tng ng. Khi
y
gii bng tay nn ch n tnh i xng
Hnh 5.7.3. Dn chu lc
ca kt cu. Cho a = 0,5 m; = 600; P =
2kN; Q = 4kN.
5.4. Mt cy cu ng st c ghp t cc thanh thp, tit
din ca cc thanh thp bng nhau v bng 3250 mm2. Mt on tu
dng trn cu, cu phi chu ti trng ca on tu (Hnh 5.7.4). Tnh
chuyn v theo phng ngang gi di ng R di tc dng ca cc ti
trng. Xc nh chuyn v ti cc nt v ng sut trong mi thanh cu.
280 kN
210 kN
600
360 kN
3.118m
280 kN
600
R
3.6m
3.6m
3.6m
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
68
P2
P3
P4
b
c
a
Hnh 5.7.5. M hnh dm cu chu lc
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
69
a
b
a
a
P
b
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
70
Chng 6
PHN T HU HN TRONG BI TON HAI CHIU
1. M U
(6.1)
T
L
A
v
y
u
(x,y)
fy
i
fx
u=0
v=0
x
Hnh 6.1. Bi ton hai chiu
ng sut v bin dng c k hiu bi:
= [x, y, xy]T
(6.2)
(6.3)
= [x, y, xy]
Lc th tch, lc din tch v vi phn th tch c xc nh nh sau:
f = [fx fy]T
T = [Tx Ty]T
dv = tdA .
trong : t l dy theo phng z.
Quan h gia bin dng v chuyn v:
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
(6.4)
71
u
x
v
y
u v
y x
(6.5)
x
E
y
2
1
xy
1
0 x
1
0 y
1
0 0
xy
(6.6)
Hoc:
= D
(6.7)
Trong
1
0
E
1
D
0
1 2
1
0 0
2
1.2.
(6.8)
1
x
E
1
y
1
1
2
0
0
xy
0 x
0 y
1 2
xy
2
(6.9)
Hoc:
= D
(6.10)
Trong
E
1
D
1 1 2
0
0
0
1 2
2
0
(6.11)
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
72
10
11
10
Q2 6
Q1 1
1
11
Q4
2
Q6
Q2j
Q3
Q5
Q2j-1
j
Q2 Qn
(6.12)
tin tnh ton, cc thng tin v vic chia min thnh cc phn t
tam gic s c th hin qua cc bng to nt v bng nh v cc
phn t.
Bng nh v cc phn t c thit lp nh sau:
Bc t.do
Phn t
11
12
13
14
11
12
13
14
13
14
10
21
22
...
11
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
73
q 2 q6
(6.13)
N1
N1=1
N2
=1
1
2
=1
2
N3 =1
=1
N3
N2 =1
=1
3
=1
=1
Nhn xt:
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
74
N1= 1- - ; N2 = ; N3 =.
(6.14)
A1
;
A
N2
A2
;
A
N3
A3
A
A2
A1
(x,y)
A3
1
Hnh 6.4. To din tch
Trong A l din tch ca phn t.
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
75
v N 1q 2 N 2 q 4 N 3 q 6
(6.15)
hay
(6.16)
u = Nq
Trong
N1
N
0
N2
N3
N1
N2
0
N 3
(6.17)
v q 4 q 2 q6 q 2 q2
(6.18)
y N 1 y1 N 2 y 2 N 3 y 3
(6.19)
x x 2 x1 x3 x1 x1
y y 2 y1 y3 y1 y1
(6.20)
Hay
Ta k hiu:
xij = xi - xj
yij = yi - yj
y y 21 y31 y1
(6.21)
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
76
x y
u u x u y
x y
(6.22)
y u
x
y u
y
(6.23)
y21
( ((
y31
J
u
u
y
(6.24)
J 1 l ma trn nghch o ca J
J 1
1 y31
det J x31
y21
x21
(6.25)
Trong :
det J = x21 y31 x31 y21
Ta cng bit rng, det J chnh bng hai ln din tch tam gic.
det J= 2A
(6.26)
Ch : Nu cc nt 1, 2, 3 c xp t theo chiu ngc chiu kim
ng h, th det J lun c du dng.
T (6.24), (6.25), ta c th vit:
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
77
u
x
1
u
det J
y
u
u
y31 y 21
u
u
x31
x21
(6.27)
v
v
y
31
21
v
v
x31
x21
(6.28)
x
v
y
u v
y x
y 23q1 y31q3 y12 q5
det J
(6.29)
=Bq
(6.30)
Trong :
y 23
1
B
0
det J
x32
y31
y12
x32
x13
y 23
x13
y31
x 21
0
x21
y12
(6.31)
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
78
4. TH NNG
Th nng ca h c xc nh bi:
1 T
T
Dt dA u T ft dA T Tt dl ui Pi
2A
i
A
L
(6.32)
Trong :
T: lc din tch; f: lc th tch; t: chiu dy phn t
Pi: lc tp trung, Pi = [Px, Py]iT
Theo s phn t hu hn, th nng c vit di dng:
1 T
T
Dt dA u T ft dA T Tt dl ui Pi
2e
e e
e e
i
(6.33)
Hoc
T
U e u T ft dA T Tt dl ui Pi
e
(6.34)
Trong :
Ue
1 T
Dt dA
2 e
Ue
1 T
1
Dt dA q T B T DBqt dA
2e
2e
(6.35)
Ue
1 T T
q B DB qt e dA
2
e
(6.36)
Ue
1 T
1
q t e Ae B T DB q q T k e q
2
2
(6.37)
Trong :
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
79
k e t e Ae B T DB
(6.38)
6.1.
Ta c:
u
e
ft dA t e uf x vf y dA
(6.40)
u
ft
dA
q
t
f
N
dA
q
t
f
N
dA
e
x
e
y
1
1
2
1
e
e
e
q3 t e f x N 2 dA q 4 t e f y N 2 dA
q5 t e f x N 3 dA q6 t e f y N 3 dA
e
e
(6.41)
Vi ch :
1 1
N1 dA
e
1 1
N1 det J dd 2 Ae
0 0
1 dd 3 A
(6.42a)
0 0
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
80
1 1
dA
1 1
det J dd 2 Ae
0 0
1 1
dA N 2 det J dd 2 Ae
(6.42b)
0 0
1 1
d d 3 A
0 0
d d 3 A
(6.42c)
0 0
ft dA q T f
6.2.
uT
Tt dl
vTy t dl
(6.44)
l1 2
Ty
l12
Ty2
2
Ty1
1
x
Tx2
Tx
Tx1
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
81
T
t T N dl q t T N dl
u
Tt
dl
q
e
x
e
y
1
1
2
1
L
l12
l12
(6.45)
q3 t eTx N 2 dA q 4 t eT y N 2 dA
l12
l12
l12
1
dl l12
2
Trong
l12
x2 x1 2 y2 y1 2
T
T
e
u Tt dl q T
L
q q1 q2
q3
q4
te l12
Tx
2
Ty
Tx
(6.46)
Cui cng
Te
6.3.
Ty
0 0
(6.47)
Lc tp trung
Te P F
(6.49)
Sau khi tnh c nng lng bin dng v cc thnh phn lc nt, ta
vit biu thc th nng ton phn di dng:
1
Q T KQ Q T F
2
p dng iu kin cc tiu ho th nng, ta thu c h phng trnh:
KQ=F
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
82
(6.50)
(6.51)
6.4.
= DBq
(6.52)
T chuyn v chung Q, nh bng ghp ni phn t, suy ra cc chuyn
v nt q ca tng phn t, sau thay vo (6.52) s tnh c ng sut.
ng sut chnh v phng chnh c xc nh nh vng Mohr ng
sut.
7. V D
(a)
p=10mN/m2
P=100 kN
2m
y
3
P=100 kN
2
(b)
1
1
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
83
a. Ch c P = 100 kN tc dng,
b. Ch c p = 10 mN/m2 tc dng.
Li gii
Do kt cu i xng, chu ti trng i xng, nn ta ch cn xt
mt phn t tm vi hai phn t (Hnh 6.6b).
Ta thit lp c bng nh v cc phn t
Bc t.do
1
2
3
4
5
Phn t
1
2
3
4
5
1
3
4
7
8
5
2
iu kin bin:
Ti nt 1: u = v = 0, tng ng ta c Q1 = Q2 = 0;
Ti nt 2: v = 0, tng ng ta c Q4 = 0;
Ti nt 3: u = 0, tng ng ta c Q5 = 0;
p dng cc cng thc (6.38): ke = te Ae BT D Ta xc nh c
trn cng cho tng phn t.
Phn t 1
6
6
6
ma
0
0
1000
300 1000 300
Phn t 2
0
350 350
0
350
350
0
1000
0
300 1000 300
0
350 350
0
350
350
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
84
0
1350
650
0
350 350
300 1000
10 3
K
350 350
0
650
1350
0
1000 300
0
0
1350 350 350
300 1000 650
0
0
650
350 300 1000 350 1350
0
650
1350
350 1000 300 350
0
Trng hp 1: P = 100 kN
Sau khi p t iu kin bin ta c h phng trnh:
1350 650 350 350 Q3 0
650 1350 350 350 Q 0
3
6 10 3
10
350 350 1350 650 Q7 100
=DBq
Trong
200 60 0
D 10 60 200 0 N / m
0
0 70
9
q1 10 6 0 9,9715 0 0 9,9715 0
0 0 1 0 1 0
B1 0 1 0 1 0 0
1 0 1 1 0 1
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
85
x 2,593
y 2,593 MPa
0
xy
Thc hin cc bc tng t cho phn t 2:
T
1 0 0 0 1 0
B 0 0 0 1 0 1
0 1 1 0 1 1
2
x 17 ,407
y 2,5926 MPa
2,5926
xy
Trng hp 2: p =10 mN/m2
p dng cng thc (6.47) tnh lc nt qui i, ta c:
F3 = 50000 N
F7 = 50000 N
Ta thit lp c h phng trnh:
1350 650 350 350 Q3 50
650 1350 350 350 Q 0
3
6 10 3
10
350 350 1350 650 Q7 50
x 10
y 0 MPa
0
xy
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
86
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
87
40 mm
2
4
2
5
5
10
8
6
3
1
1
7
7
9 p
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
88
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
89
edof=nnel*ndof;
% so bac tu cua phan tu
E_module=200e3;
% modun dan hoi khi keo nen
poisson=0.3;
% he so Poisson
x_length=400;
% chieu rong tam (mm)
y_length=100;
% chieu dai tam (mm)
thickness=10;
p=200;
% tai trong phan bo deu (MPa=N/mm)
%--------------------------------------------% nhap gia tri toa do cac nut: gcoord(i,j),
% trong do: i la chi so nut, j =1,2 chi toa do x hay y
%--------------------------------------------temp=x_length/noe_x;
gcoord=[temp*0 0.0; 0.0 y_length;
temp*1 0.0; temp y_length;
temp*2 0.0; temp*2 y_length;
temp*3 0.0; temp*3 y_length;
temp*4 0.0; temp*4 y_length];
%--------------------------------------------------------% Nhap chi so nut o moi phan tu: nodes(i,j)
% trong do: i la chi so cua phan tu va j la chi so nut
%--------------------------------------------------------nodes=[1 3 4; 1 4 2; 3 5 6; 3 6 4;
5 7 8; 5 8 6;7 9 10; 7 10 8];
%------------------------------------% Nhap cac dieu kien bien
%------------------------------------bcdof=[1 2 3];
% ba bac tu do dau tien la co rang buoc
bcval=[0 0 0];
% voi gia tri bang khong
%----------------------------------------% khoi tao cac ma tran va cac vecto
%----------------------------------------ff=zeros(sdof,1);
% vecto luc nut tong the
kk=zeros(sdof,sdof);
% ma tran do cung tong the
disp=zeros(sdof,1);
% vecto chuyen vi nut tong the
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
90
eldisp=zeros(edof,1);
% vecto chuyen vi nut phan tu
stress=zeros(noe,3);
% ma tran ung suat
strain=zeros(noe,3);
% ma tran bien dang
index=zeros(edof,1);
% veto chi so
B_matrix=zeros(3,edof); % ma tran chuyen vi bien dang
D_matrix=zeros(3,3);
% ma tran do cung vat lieu
%---------------------------% vecto luc nut
%---------------------------ff(17)=(y_length/noe_y)*p/2; % luc dat tai nut so 9 theo phuong x
ff(19)=(y_length/noe_y)*p/2; % luc dat tai nut so 10 theo phuong x
%----------------------------------------------------------------% tinh toan cac ma tran do cung phan tu, vec to luc nut phan tu va
% ghep noi thanh ma tran do cung tong the, vecto luc nut tong the
%----------------------------------------------------------------% tinh ma tran do cung vat lieu
D_matrix=D_matrix_2D(1,E_module,poisson);
for iel=1:noe
% xet tung phan tu
nd(1)=nodes(iel,1); % chi so nut tong the cua nut thu 1 phan tu iel
nd(2)=nodes(iel,2); % chi so nut tong the cua nut thu 2 phan tu iel
nd(3)=nodes(iel,3); % chi so nut tong the cua nut thu 3 phan tu iel
x1=gcoord(nd(1),1); y1=gcoord(nd(1),2); % toa do nut thu nhat
x2=gcoord(nd(2),1); y2=gcoord(nd(2),2); % toa do nut thu hai
x3=gcoord(nd(3),1); y3=gcoord(nd(3),2); % toa do nut thu ba
% xay dung vecto chi so bac tu do tong the gan ket voi tung phan tu
index=sys_elm_dof_assoc(nd,nnel,ndof);
%------------------------------------------------------% Xac dinh cac dao ham ham dang
%------------------------------------------------------% dien tich phan tu tam giac
area=0.5*(x1*y2+x2*y3+x3*y1-x1*y3-x2*y1-x3*y2);
% tinh dao ham rieng theo x
dhdx=(1/(area*2))*[(y2-y3) (y3-y1) (y1-y2)];
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
91
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
92
for i=1:edof
eldisp(i)=disp(index(i));
end
% dien tich phan tu
area=0.5*(x1*y2+x2*y3+x3*y1-x1*y3-x2*y1-x3*y2);
% dao ham theo x
dhdx=(1/(2*area))*[(y2-y3) (y3-y1) (y1-y2)];
% dao ham theo x
dhdy=(1/(2*area))*[(x3-x2) (x1-x3) (x2-x1)];
% tinh ma tran chuyen vi bien dang
B_matrix=B_matrix_2D(nnel,dhdx,dhdy);
estrain=B_matrix*eldisp;
% tinh bien dang
estress=D_matrix*estrain;
% tinh ung suat
for i=1:3
strain(e,i)=estrain(i); % luu tru vecto bien dang tai nut cua PT
stress(e,i)=estress(i); % luu tru vecto ung suat tai nut cua PT
end
end
%-----------------------------------% In ket qua
%-----------------------------------num=1:1:sdof;
displace=[num' disp]
% chuyen vi nut
for i=1:noe
stresses=[i stress(i,:)]
% ung suat
end
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
93
%-----------------------------------------------------------------------function [D_matrix]=D_matrix_2D(type,E_module,poisson)
%-----------------------------------------------------------------------% muc dich:
% xac dinh ma tran do cung vat lieu (vat lieu dang huong)
%
% cu phap cua ham:
% [D_matrix]=D_matrix_2D(type,E_module,poisson)
%
% mo ta cac bien:
% E_module modul dan hoi
% poisson he so Poisson
% type=1 lua chon cho truong hop bai toan ung suat phang
% type=2 - lua chon cho truong hop bai toan bien dang phang
% type=3 - lua chon cho truong hop bai toan doi xung truc
% type=4 - lua chon cho truong hop bai toan ba chieu
%-----------------------------------------------------------------------if type==1
% bai toan ung suat phang
D_matrix= E_module/(1-poisson*poisson)* ...
[1 poisson 0; ...
poisson 1 0; ...
0 0 (1-poisson)/2];
elseif type==2 % bai toan bien dang phang
D_matrix= E_module/((1+poisson)*(1-2*poisson))* ...
[(1-poisson) poisson 0;
poisson (1-poisson) 0;
0 0 (1-2*poisson)/2];
elseif type==3 % bai toan doi xung truc
D_matrix= E_module/((1+poisson)*(1-2*poisson))* ...
[(1-poisson) poisson poisson 0;
poisson (1-poisson) poisson 0;
poisson poisson (1-poisson) 0;
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
94
0 0 0 (1-2*poisson)/2];
else % bai toan ba chieu
D_matrix= E_module/((1+poisson)*(1-2*poisson))* ...
[(1-poisson) poisson poisson 0 0 0;
poisson (1-poisson) poisson 0 0 0;
poisson poisson (1-poisson) 0 0 0;
0 0 0 (1-2*poisson)/2 0 0;
0 0 0 0 (1-2*poisson)/2 0;
0 0 0 0 0 (1-2*poisson)/2];
end
%-----------------------------------------------------------------------%-----------------------------------------------------------------------function [B_matrix]=B_matrix_2D(nnel,dhdx,dhdy)
%-----------------------------------------------------------------------% muc dich:
% xac dinh ma tran chuyen vi-ung suat
%
% cu phap:
% [B_matrix]=B_matrix_2D(nnel,dhdx,dhdy)
%
% mo ta cac bien:
% nnel tong so nut cua phan tu
% dhdx dao ham ham dang theo x
% dhdy dao ham ham dang theo y
%-----------------------------------------------------------------------for i=1:nnel
i_1=(i-1)*2+1;
i_2=i_1+1;
B_matrix(1,i_1)=dhdx(i);
B_matrix(2,i_2)=dhdy(i);
B_matrix(3,i_1)=dhdy(i);
B_matrix(3,i_2)=dhdx(i);
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
95
end
%-----------------------------------------------------------------------%-----------------------------------------------------------------------function [kk]=kk_build_2D(kk,k,index)
%-----------------------------------------------------------------------% Muc dich:
% ghep noi ma tran do cung phan tu vao ma tran do cung chung
%
% Cu phap:
% [kk]=kk_build_2D(kk,k,index)
%
% Mo ta cac bien:
% kk ma tran do cung chung (tong the)
% k - ma tran do cung phan tu
% index vecto chi so chuyen vi nut chung o moi phan tu
%----------------------------------------------------------edof = length(index);
for i=1:edof
ii=index(i);
for j=1:edof
jj=index(j);
kk(ii,jj)=kk(ii,jj)+k(i,j);
end
end
%-----------------------------------------------------------------------%-----------------------------------------------------------------------function [kk,ff]=boundary_aply_2D(kk,ff,bcdof,bcval)
%---------------------------------------------------------% Muc dich:
% Ap dat dieu kien bien vao he phuong trinh [kk]{x}={ff}
%
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
96
% Cu phap:
% [kk,ff]=boundary_aply_2D(kk,ff,bcdof,bcval)
%
% Mo ta cac bien:
% kk ma tran do cung chung truoc khi loai hang va cot
% ff vec to luc nut chung truoc khi loai hang
% bcdof vec to chua cac bac tu do bi rang buoc boi dieu kien bien
% bcval vecto chua gia tri cac rang buoc
%
%
Vi du, neu co cac rang buoc o cac chuyen vi nut (bac tu do) 2 va
10,
% tuong ung voi cac gia tri la 0.0 va 2.5.
% Thi ta co: bcdof(1)=2 va bcdof(2)=10; va
% bcval(1)=1.0 va bcval(2)=2.5.
%----------------------------------------------------------n=length(bcdof);
sdof=size(kk);
for i=1:n
c=bcdof(i);
for j=1:sdof
kk(c,j)=0;
kk(j,c)=0;
end
kk(c,c)=1;
ff(c)=bcval(i);
end
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
97
Kt qu chng trnh
displace =
Bc t do
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Chuyn v nt
0
0
0
- 0.0030
0.0100
0.0000
0.0100
- 0.0030
0.0200
0.0000
Bc t do
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Chuyn v nt
0.0200
- 0.0030
0.0300
0.0000
0.0300
- 0.0030
0.0400
0.0000
0.0400
- 0.0030
stresses =
Phn t
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
20.0000
20.0000
20.0000
20.0000
20.0000
20.0000
20.0000
20.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
-0.0000
0.0000
-0.0000
-0.0000
-0.0000
xy
-0.0000
0.0000
-0.0000
0.0000
-0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
98
9. BI TP
3A
3A
II
II
III 5
I
1
b/2
I
1
2B
a)
2B
b)
3A
q b/2
3A
4
II
II
II 5
I
I
I
1
2 B
c)
b/2
b/2
2B
d)
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
99
re
p
ri
ur
ri pr
2
E re ri
re
1 1 2
r
2
re 2
ri p
1
;
2
2
2
2
2
re ri r
re ri
ri p
re 2
1 2
r
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
100
2b
a
2b
2b
a
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
101
r
q
(a)
2b
r
q
(b)
2b
r1
r
b
(c)
2b
e
r
r
P
b
2b
(d)
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
102
Chng 7
PHN T HU HN TRONG BI TON I XNG TRC
CHU TI TRNG I XNG
1. M U
z
Pi
bin L
dA
dA
w
r,z
(a)
(b)
Hnh 7.1. Vt i xng trc
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
103
2
T
rdAd
0 A
frdAd
0 A
Trdld ui Pi
(7.1)
0 L
T
2 T rdA u T frdA u T Trdl ui Pi
2 A
A
L
i
y:
u = [u w]T
(7.2)
(7.3)
(7.4)
(7.5)
f = [fr fz]
T = [Tr Tz]T
T (7.3), ta c quan h gia bin dng v chuyn v u:
rz
w
z
u w
z r
(7.6)
Vct ng sut:
z rz
(7.7)
= D
(7.8)
vi:
E 1 1
D
1 1 2 0
1 2
21
1
0
(7.9)
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
104
(r3,z3) 3
Ae
w
q4
q2
u
1
(r1,z1)
q1
2
(r2,z2 )
q3
r
Hnh 7.2. Phn t tam gic i xng trc
Vi ch rng cc to r v z ng vai tr ging nh x v y trong bi
ton hai chiu xt trong Chng 6.
Nh cc hm dng N1, N2, N3 bit trong chng 6, ta biu din hm
chuyn v bi:
u = Nq
(7.10)
trong :
N1
N
0
q q1
N2
N3
N1
N2
q2
q3
q4
q5
0
N 3
(7.11)
q6
(7.12)
Ch rng:
N1 = 1 - - , N2 = , N3 =
Suy ra:
u 1 q1 q3 q5
v 1 q2 q4 q6
(7.13)
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
105
r 1 r1 r2 r3
z 1 z1 z 2 z3
(7.14)
T ta c:
u
u
r
u J u
z
(7.15)
w
w
r
w J w
z
(7.16)
u
u
r
1
u J u ;
z
(7.17)
(7.18)
w
w
r
1
w J w
z
(7.19)
rz
1
det J
z 31
r
31
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
z 21
r21
w
z
u w
z r
(7.20)
u
(7.21)
106
u 1 q1 q3 q5
v 1 q 2 q 4 q6
(7.22)
z 31 q3 q1 z 21 q5 q1
det J
r31 q4 q 2 r21 q6 q2
J
det
r q q r21 q5 q1 z 31 q4 q 2 z 21 q6 q 2
31 3 1
det J
N 1q1 N 2 q3 N 3 q5
r
Hoc di dng ma trn:
= Bq
Trong , ma trn bin dng - chuyn v B c xc nh bi:
z 23
det J
0
B
r32
det J
N
1
r
0
r32
det J
z 23
det J
0
z 31
det J
0
r13
det J
N2
r
0
r13
det J
z 31
det J
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
z12
det J
0
r21
det J
N3
r
(7.23)
0
r21
det J
z12
det J
(7.24)
107
3.1.
T
2 T D r dA 2 u T fr dA 2 u T T r dl ui Pi
e
i
e
e
2 e
(7.25)
S hng u trong du mc [], chnh l nng lng bin dng ca phn t. Sau khi t
Ue
1 T
q 2 B T D B r dA q
2 e
(7.26)
i lng
k e 2 B T D B r dA
(7.27)
K hiu: r
1
3
(7.28)
r1 r2 r3
; trong r l bn knh ca trng tm tam
3
gic.
K hiu B l ma trn quan h bin dng-chuyn v ca phn t c
tnh i vi trng tm tam gic, khi ta c:
T
k e 2 r B D B dA
e
k e 2 r Ae B D B
(7.29)
det J
2
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
108
3.2.
Lc nt qui i
Lc th tch
3.2.1.
Ta c:
2 u T frdA 2 uf r wf z rdA
e
(7.30)
trong :
fe
K hiu f r ,
2 r Ae
fr
3
fr
fz
fr
fz
(7.31)
Lc din tch
q4
2
q3
l12
r
q2
Tz
T
q1
Tr
Da vo biu thc:
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
109
2 u T Trdl q T T e
(7.32)
trong :
q q1
q2
q3
T e 2l12 aTr
q4
q5
q6
aTz
bTr
bTz
(7.33)
T
(7.34)
vi
a
2r1 r2
r 2r2
; b 1
6
6
l12
(7.35)
2
r2 r1 z 2 z1
Ch trong tch phn (7.33), r = N1r1 + N2r2. Khi cnh 1-2 song
song vi trc z, th a = b = 0,5r1 v r1 = r2
3.3.
ng sut
D Bq
(7.37)
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
110
3.4.
V d
F1
4
1
F2
10mm
2
3
40mm
60mm
80mm
120mm
Ta lp bng nh v cc phn t:
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
111
Bc t.do
1
2
3
4
5
6
Phn t
1
1
2
3
4
7
8
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Khi ly gc to trng vi nt 2, ta c bng to cc nt nh sau:
Nt
r
z
1
40
10
2
40
0
3
60
0
4
60
10
Tnh ma trn D theo biu thc (7.9):
2,69 10 5
1,15 10 5
5
1,15 10
1,15 10 5
2,69 10 5
0,77 10 5
1,15 10 5
1,15 10 5
1,15 10 5
0
5
2,69 10
2r1lp 2 3,14 40 10 2
2514 N
2
2
Xt phn t 1
r1
1
40 40 60 46,67 mm
3
0
0
0
0,05
0
0,05
0
0,1
0
0,1
0
0
B1
0,1
0,05 0,1
0
0
0,05
0
0,0071
0
0,0071 0
0,0071
Xt phn t 2
r2
1
40 60 60 53,33 mm
3
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
112
0
0,05
0
0
0
0,05
0
0
0
0,1
0
0,1
B2
0,1
0,05
0,1
0,05
0,1
0
0
0,00625
0
0,00625 0
0,00625
p dng cng thc (7.29), ta tnh c:
1,13
4,03 2,58 2,34 1,45 1,932
8,45
1,37 7,89 1,93
0,565
7,89
1,93
0
DX
2,25
0
0,565
0
2,22
1,69
0,085 1,69
2,05
5,11
3,46 2,42
2,17
k 2 10 7
9,66
1,05
9,01
DX
2,62
0,241
9,01
2,34 4,35 Q3 2514
q1 0,014 0 0,0133 0 0 0 10 2
T
q2 0,0133 0 0 0 0 0 10 2
Xc nh ng sut
mm
mm
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
113
2 169 ,3 66,9 0 54 10 2
mPa
mPa
2 mPa
80mm
120mm
10
10
1
1
3
3
5
5
7
7
12
10mm
9
9
11
40mm
60mm
Hnh 7.5
Chng trnh tnh v kt qu s c m t chi tit di y:
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
114
%---------------------------------------------------------------------------% Chuong trinh tinh ket cau doi xung truc- chuong 7
% tinh ket cau ong (doi xung truc) chiu ap luc trong
% bang cach su dung phan tu tam giac (hinh 7.5 mo ta luoi phan tu)
%
% Mo ta cac bien
% k = ma tran do cung phan tu
% f = vecto luc nut phan tu
% kk = ma tran do cung tong the
% ff = vecto luc nut tong the
% disp = vecto chuyen vi nut tong the
% eldisp = vecto chuyen vi nut phan tu
% stress = ma tran cac thanh phan ung suat
% strain = ma tran cac thanh phan bien dang
% gcoord = toa do nut
% nodes = ma tran chi so nut phan tu
% index = vecto chua cac bac tu do (chuyen vi) tong the tai moi phan
tu
% bcdof = vecto chua cac bac tu do (chuyen vi nut) tai bien cua ket
cau
% bcval = vecto chi dieu kien bien (gia tri chuyen vi nut tai bien)
%---------------------------------------------------------------------------%----------------------------------------% du lieu cua cac tham so dieu khien
%----------------------------------------clear
noe=10;
% tong so phan tu
nnel=3;
ndof=2;
nnode=12;
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
115
sdof=nnode*ndof;
edof=nnel*ndof;
E_module=200e3;
poisson=0.25;
% he so Poisson
in_r=40;
out_r=60;
len_z=10;
p=2;
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
116
%----------------------------------------ff=zeros(sdof,1);
kk=zeros(sdof,sdof);
disp=zeros(sdof,1);
eldisp=zeros(edof,1);
stress=zeros(noe,4);
strain=zeros(noe,4);
index=zeros(edof,1);
% vecto chi so
ff(3)=p*2*pi*len_z*in_r/2;
%----------------------------------------------------------------% tinh toan cac ma tran do cung phan tu, cac vec to luc nut
% va ghep noi chung vao ca ma tran va vec to tong the
%----------------------------------------------------------------% tinh ma tran do cung vat lieu
D_matrix=D_matrix_2D(3,E_module,poisson);
for iel=1:noe
nd(1)=nodes(iel,1); % chi so nut tong the ung voi nut 1 cua phan tu
(iel)
nd(2)=nodes(iel,2); % chi so nut tong the ung voi nut 2 cua phan tu
(iel)
nd(3)=nodes(iel,3); % chi so nut tong the ung voi nut 3 cua phan tu
(iel)
x1=gcoord(nd(1),1); y1=gcoord(nd(1),2); % toa do nut thu nhat
x2=gcoord(nd(2),1); y2=gcoord(nd(2),2); % toa do nut thu hai
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
117
ycenter=(y1+y2+y3)/3;
shape(1)=((x2*y3-x3*y2)+(y2-y3)*xcenter+(x3-x2)*ycenter)/area2;
shape(2)=((x3*y1-x1*y3)+(y3-y1)*xcenter+(x1-x3)*ycenter)/area2;
shape(3)=((x1*y2-x2*y1)+(y1-y2)*xcenter+(x2-x1)*ycenter)/area2;
dhdx=(1/area2)*[(y2-y3) (y3-y1) (y1-y2)]; % dao ham theo x
dhdy=(1/area2)*[(x3-x2) (x1-x3) (x2-x1)]; % dao ham theo y
% xay dung ma tran bien dang chuyen vi
B_matrix=B_matrix_ax(nnel,dhdx,dhdy,shape,xcenter);
% tinh ma tran do cung phan tu
k=2*pi*xcenter*area*B_matrix'*D_matrix*B_matrix;
% ghep noi ma tran do cung phan tu vao ma tran do cung chung
kk=kk_build_2D(kk,k,index);
end
%----------------------------% ap dat dieu kien bien
%-----------------------------
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
118
[kk,ff]=boundary_aply_2D(kk,ff,bcdof,bcval);
%---------------------------% giai he phuong trinh PTHH
%---------------------------disp=kk\ff;
%--------------------------------------% tinh ung suat tai cac diem gauss cua phan tu
%--------------------------------------for ielp=1:noe
nd(1)=nodes(ielp,1); % chi so nut tong the ung voi nut 1 cua phan tu
(iel)
nd(2)=nodes(ielp,2); % chi so nut tong the ung voi nut 2 cua phan tu
(iel)
nd(3)=nodes(ielp,3); % chi so nut tong the ung voi nut 3 cua phan tu
(iel)
x1=gcoord(nd(1),1); y1=gcoord(nd(1),2); % toa do nut thu nhat
x2=gcoord(nd(2),1); y2=gcoord(nd(2),2); % toa do nut thu hai
x3=gcoord(nd(3),1); y3=gcoord(nd(3),2); % toa do nut thu ba
% xay dung vec to chi so phuc vu viec ghep noi phan tu
index=feeldof(nd,nnel,ndof);
%------------------------------------------------------% xac dinh vec to chuyen vi nut phan tu
%------------------------------------------------------for i=1:edof
eldisp(i)=disp(index(i));
end
% area of triangule
area=0.5*(x1*y2+x2*y3+x3*y1-x1*y3-x2*y1-x3*y2);
area2=area*2;
xcenter=(x1+x2+x3)/3;
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
119
ycenter=(y1+y2+y3)/3;
shape(1)=((x2*y3-x3*y2)+(y2-y3)*xcenter+(x3-x2)*ycenter)/area2;
shape(2)=((x3*y1-x1*y3)+(y3-y1)*xcenter+(x1-x3)*ycenter)/area2;
shape(3)=((x1*y2-x2*y1)+(y1-y2)*xcenter+(x2-x1)*ycenter)/area2;
dhdx=(1/area2)*[(y2-y3) (y3-y1) (y1-y2)]; % dao ham theo x
dhdy=(1/area2)*[(x3-x2) (x1-x3) (x2-x1)]; % dao ham theo y
% tinh ma tran chuyen vi bien dang
B_matrix=B_matrix_ax(nnel,dhdx,dhdy,shape,xcenter);
estrain=B_matrix*eldisp;
estress=D_matrix*estrain;
for i=1:4
strain(ielp,i)=estrain(i);
% luu tru
stress(ielp,i)=estress(i);
% luu tru
end
end
%-----------------------------------% hien thi ket qua
%-----------------------------------num=1:1:sdof;
displace=[num' disp]
for i=1:noe
stresses=[i stress(i,:)]
end
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
120
%-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------function [B_matrix]=B_matrix_ax(nnel,dhdx,dhdy,shape,radist)
%-----------------------------------------------------------------------% Muc dich:
% xac dinh ma tran chuyen vi - bien dang cho bai toan ket cau x
% doi xung dung truc
% Cu phap:
% [B_matrix]=B_matrix_ax(nnel,dhdx,dhdy,shape,radist)
%
% Mo ta cac bien:
% nnel so nut cua phan tu
% shape cac ham dang
% dhdx dao ham ham dang theo x
% dhdy - dao ham ham dang theo y
% radist khoang cach tu ta den diem lay tich phan den hay
%
trong tam phan tu
%-----------------------------------------------------------------------for i=1:nnel
i1=(i-1)*2+1;
i2=i1+1;
B_matrix(1,i1)=dhdx(i);
B_matrix(2,i1)=shape(i)/radist;
B_matrix(3,i2)=dhdy(i);
B_matrix(4,i1)=dhdy(i);
B_matrix(4,i2)=dhdx(i);
end
Kt qu chng trnh
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
121
displace =
bc t do
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
chuyn v nt
0.0011
0
0.0011
0
0.0010
0
0.0010
0
0.0010
0
0.0010
0
bc t do
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
chuyn v nt
0.0010
0
0.0010
0
0.0009
0
0.0009
0
0.0009
0
0.0009
0
stresses =
phan tu
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
rz
0.0221
0.0575
0.0016
0.0221
-0.0117
0.0016
-0.0225
-0.0117
-0.0345
-0.0225
5. BI TP
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
122
re
p
ri
E = 70000N/mm2; = 0,3 ;
p = 120 N/mm2.
ur
ri pr
2
E re ri
re
1 1 2
r
2
re 2
ri p
1
;
2
2
2
2
2
re ri r
re ri
ri p
re 2
1 2
r
wmax
pR 4
64 D
Eh 3
12 1 2
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
123
p
h
R
Hnh 7.5.2. a trn chu lc phn b u
7.3. ng tr rng khng y (Hnh 7.5.3) chu p lc tc dng
t pha trong, ln 1MPa. Xc nh bin dng ca ng v s phn b
ca ng sut chnh. Bit E = 200 gPa v = 0,3.
200 mm
100 mm
1 mPa
16 mm
Hnh 7.5.3. ng thp h, chu p lc trong lng ng
7.4. Mt khun thp hnh chic cc, c t va kht vo mt
ai thp hnh vnh khn (Hnh 7.5.4a). Chy dp tc dng lc p ln
phi to ra vt c hnh dng nh chic cc. Gi s qu trnh dp l l
tng vi lc tc dng vo khun thay i tuyn tnh theo b mt chu
lc p (Hnh 7.5.4b). Xc nh v tr v ln ca ng sut chnh ln
nht trong khun trong cc trng hp sau:
a. Khun khng c ai thp vnh khn bao ngoi.
b. Khun c ai thp bao ngoi v khng c s trt gia khun
thp vi ai thp.
c. Khun c ai thp bao ngoi c k n ma st trt (gi : cn
phi tch ring b mt tip xc gia khun v ai thp. Nu I
v J l l mt cp im trn b mt tip xc, khi rng buc
gia cc im l: Q2I-1 Q2J-1 = 0.
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
124
Chy dp
Phi
Khun
ai thp
hp kim
p3
3
190
320
300
100
p1
p2
220
p2
320
420
(b)
(a)
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
125
Chng 8
PHN T T GIC
1. M U
q 2 q8
q6
q8
q5
3
q7
(1,1)
3
(-1,1)
4
(0,0)
q2
q1
M(x,y)
q4
q3
x
1
(-1,-1)
2
(1,-1)
2
Hnh 8.1. Phn t t gic 4 nt
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
126
3. HM DNG
1
1 1
4
1
N 2 1 1
4
1
N 3 1 1
4
1
N 4 1 1
4
N1
(8.1)
1
1 i 1 i
4
(8.2)
trong (i , i) l to ca nt i.
By gi ta m t trng chuyn v ca phn t theo chuyn v nt ca
n. Ta thy:
u = N1q1 + N2q3 + N3q5 + N4q7
v = N1q2 + N2q4 + N3q6 + N4q8
Hoc di dng ma trn
u = Nq
Trong
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
127
(8.3)
(8.4)
N1
N
0
N2
N3
N4
N1
N2
N3
0
N 4
(8.5)
(8.6)
x y
f f x f y
x y
(8.7)
f
f
x
f J f
y
(8.8)
Hoc
(8.9)
T (8.1) v (8.6), ta c:
1 1 x2 x1 1 x3 x4 1 y2 y1 1 y3 y4
J
4 1 x4 x1 1 x3 x2 1 y4 y1 1 y3 y2
J
J
11 12
J 21 J 22
Nghch o (8.8) ta c quan h:
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
128
(8.10)
f
f
x
1
f J f
y
(8.11)
Hoc
f
x
1 J 22
f
det J J 21
y
f
J 12
J 11 f
(8.12)
1 T
dV
2 V
(8.13)
1
U t e T dA
2
e
V
(8.14)
U
hoc
x x
v
y
y
xy u v
y x
u
x
1
u
det J
y
J 22
J
21
(8.15)
u
J12
J 11 u
(8.16)
Tng t,
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
129
v
x
1 J 22
v
det J J 21
y
v
J 12
J 11 v
(8.17)
(8.18)
Trong A c xc nh bi
0
J 22 J 12
1
A
0
0
J 21
det J
J 21 J 11
J 22
T phng trnh ni suy (8.3), ta c th vit:
u
u
v G q
v
0
J 11
J 12
(8.19)
(8.20)
Trong
1
1 0
1 0
1
1
G
4 0 1
0
0
0 1
0
1
0
1
0
0
1
0
1
0
1
0 1
0
1
1
0 1
0
1
(8.21)
Cui cng ta c:
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
130
= Bq
(8.22)
Trong
B = AG
v ng sut c xc nh bi
(8.23)
= DBq
Quay li biu thc nng lng bin dng (8.14),
(8.24)
1 1
1
1
U q T t e B T DB det J d d q q T k e q
e 2
e 2
11
(8.25)
Trong
1 1
e
k t e B T DB det J d d
(8.26)
1 1
Lc th tch
tch phn:
f dV
(8.27)
(8.28)
1 1
f x
Trong : f e t e N T det J d d
11
f y
(8.29)
5.2.
Lc din tch
N2
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
131
te l 23
0 0 Tx Ty Tx Ty 0 0T
(8.30)
2
Ch : Trong cng thc ma trn cng (8.26) v cng thc qui i
lc th tch (8.29), cc i lng B v detJ u l cc hm s ca v
. Ta cn phi s ho cc tch phn trn. Di y chng ta nhc li
mt vi khi nim v tch phn s.
Te
6. TCH PHN S
6.1.
I f d
(8.31)
I f d w1 f 1 w2 f 2 wn f n
(8.32)
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
132
6.1.1.
Khi n = 1:
1
f d w f
1
(8.33)
a0 a1 d w1 f 1 0
(8.34a)
2a0 w1 a0 a11 0
(8.34b)
a0 2 w1 w1a11 0
(8.34c)
hoc
1 0
(8.35)
Vi hm f tng qut v tu , ta c:
1
I f d 2 f 0
(8.36)
f()
f(0)
-1
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
133
Khi n = 2
1
f d w f w f
1
(8.37)
a0 a1 a2 2 a3 3 d w1 f 1 w2 f 2 0
(8.38)
2
2
w11 w2 2 3
w113 w2 2 3 0
(8.39)
(8.40)
1
1 2 3 0,57735
wi
i
2
1 0
0,9061798459
2 0,5773502692 1
5 0,5384693101
0
0,7745966692 0,5555555556
3
0
0, 888888889
0,9324695142
0,8611363116 0,3478548451 6 0,6612093865
4
0,3399810436 0,6521451549
0,2386191861
6.2.
wi
0,2369268851
0,4786286705
0,5688888889
0,1713244924
0,3607615730
0,4679139346
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
134
Xt tch phn
1 1
I f , d d
(8.41)
1 1
Ta c
1
1 1
I wi f i , d w j wi f i , j wi w j f i , j
6.3.
(8.42)
i 1 j 1
k e t e B T DB det J d d
1 1
, te B T DB det J
(8.43)
ij
(8.44)
Trong :
w1 w2 1
1 1 0,57735; 2 2 0,57735
k i j Wk K
(8.45)
K 1
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
135
1
3
1
1
3
3
Hnh 8.3. im Gauss theo qui tc tch phn 2 im
1
7. TNH NG SUT
q8
q6
q7
4
(0,1)
q2
q1
1 (0,0)
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
q5
3
(2,1)
q4
q3
2 (2,0)
136
Bi gii
Theo cng thc (8.10), ta c:
J
1 2 1 21
4 2 1 21
1 1 1
1 1 0
1 2
A
0 0
12
0 1
0
1
2
0
1
0
0
1
2
1
0
0
0
4 0
4
4
4
1
1
1
1
B 0
0
0
0
2
2
2
2
1
1
1 1 1 1 1 1
2
4
2
4 2 4 2
4
Ma trn D c xc nh bi (6.8)
0
1 0,3
206 103
D
0,3 1
0
1 0,09
0
0 0,35
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
MPa
137
9. CHNG TRNH
1
3
3
5
10
4
7
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
138
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
139
gcoord((row_index+(col_index-1)*(noe_y+1)),1)=...
(col_index-1)*len_x_elm;
gcoord((row_index+(col_index-1)*(noe_y+1)),2)=...
(row_index-1)*len_y_elm;
end
end
gcoord
%--------------------------------------------------------% Nhap chi so nut o moi phan tu: nodes(i,j)
% trong do: i la chi so cua phan tu va j la chi so nut
%--------------------------------------------------------nodes=[1 3 4 2; 3 5 6 4; 5 7 8 6; 7 9 10 8];
%------------------------------------% Nhap cac dieu kien bien
%------------------------------------bcdof=[1 2 3];
% bon bac tu do dau tien chiu rang buoc
bcval=[0 0 0];
% voi gia tri bang khong
%----------------------------------------% khoi tao cac ma tran va cac vecto
%----------------------------------------ff=zeros(sdof,1);
% vecto luc nut tong the
kk=zeros(sdof,sdof);
% ma tran do cung tong the
disp=zeros(sdof,1);
% vecto chuyen vi nut tong the
eldisp=zeros(edof,1);
% vecto chuyen vi nut phan tu
stress=zeros(noe,3);
% ma tran ung suat
strain=zeros(noe,3);
% ma tran bien dang
index=zeros(edof,1);
% veto chi so
B_matrix=zeros(3,edof); % ma tran chuyen vi-bien dang
D_matrix=zeros(3,3);
% ma tran do cung vat lieu
%---------------------------% vecto luc nut
%---------------------------ff(17)=(y_length/noe_y)*p/2; % luc dat tai nut so 9 theo phuong x
ff(19)=(y_length/noe_y)*p/2; % luc dat tai nut so 10 theo phuong x
%-----------------------------------------------------------------
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
140
% tinh toan cac ma tran do cung phan tu, vec to luc nut phan tu va
% ghep noi thanh ma tran do cung tong the, vecto luc nut tong the
%----------------------------------------------------------------% tinh toa do va trong so cac diem Gauss
[point,weight]=Gauss_Point_2D(nog_x,nog_y);
% tinh ma tran do cung vat lieu
D_matrix=D_matrix_2D(1,E_module,poisson);
for iel=1:noe
% xet tung phan tu
for i=1:nnel
nd(i)=nodes(iel,i);
% chi so nut tong the cua nut thu i phan tu
iel
xcoord(i)=gcoord(nd(i),1); % toa do x cua nut thu i
ycoord(i)=gcoord(nd(i),2); % toa do y cua nut thu i
end
k=zeros(edof,edof);
% khoi tao ma tran do cung phan tu iel
% tich phan so
for intx=1:nog_x
x=point(intx,1);
% toa do x cua diem Gauss
wtx=weight(intx,1);
% trong so diem gauss
for inty=1:nog_y
y=point(inty,2);
% toa do y cua diem Gauss
wty=weight(inty,2) ;
% trong so diem gauss
% tinh cac ham dang va cac dao ham tai cac diem Gauss
[shape,dhdr,dhds]=Shape_Func_4node(x,y);
% ma tran Jacobian
jacob2=jacob_2D(nnel,dhdr,dhds,xcoord,ycoord);
detjacob=det(jacob2);
% dinh thuc ma tran Jacobian
invjacob=inv(jacob2);
% nghich dao ma tran Jacobian
% xac dinh cac dao ham ham dang trong he toa do vat ly
for i=1:nnel
dhdx(i)=invjacob(1,1)*dhdr(i)+invjacob(1,2)*dhds(i);
dhdy(i)=invjacob(2,1)*dhdr(i)+invjacob(2,2)*dhds(i);
end
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
141
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
142
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
143
estrain=B_matrix*eldisp;
% tinh bien dang
estress=D_matrix*estrain;
% tinh ung suat
for i=1:3
strain(intp,i)=estrain(i); % luu kq cua moi phan tu
stress(intp,i)=estress(i); % luu kq cua moi phan tu
end
location=[ielp,intx,inty] % in vi tri bieu dien US
stress(intp,:)
% gia tri ung suat
end
end
% ket thuc phan tinh tich phan so
end
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
144
function [point_1D,weight_1D]=Gauss_Point_1D(nog_1D)
%------------------------------------------------------------------% Muc dich:
% xac dinh cc diem tich phan va ham trong so
% cua cac diem Gauss-Legendre voi tich phan so 1 bien
% Cu phap:
% [point1,weight1]=1_D_Gauss_Point(nog_1D)
% Mo ta cac bien:
% nog_1D so luong cac diem tich phan
% point_1D - vector chua tao do cac diem Gauss
% weight_1D - vector chua cac he so trong so cua diem Gauss
%------------------------------------------------------------------% khoi tao
point_1D=zeros(nog_1D,1);
weight_1D=zeros(nog_1D,1);
% tim cac diem tich phan va he so trong so tuong ung
if nog_1D==1
% tich phan 1 diem
point_1D(1)=0.0;
weight_1D(1)=2.0;
elseif nog_1D==2
% tich phan 2 diem
point_1D(1)=-0.577350269189626;
point_1D(2)=-point_1D(1);
weight_1D(1)=1.0;
weight_1D(2)=weight_1D(1);
elseif nog_1D==3
% tich phan 3 diem
point_1D(1)=-0.774596669241483;
point_1D(2)=0.0;
point_1D(3)=-point_1D(1);
weight_1D(1)=0.555555555555556;
weight_1D(2)=0.888888888888889;
weight_1D(3)=weight_1D(1);
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
145
elseif nog_1D==4
% tich phan 4 diem
point_1D(1)=-0.861136311594053;
point_1D(2)=-0.339981043584856;
point_1D(3)=-point_1D(2);
point_1D(4)=-point_1D(1);
weight_1D(1)=0.347854845137454;
weight_1D(2)=0.652145154862546;
weight_1D(3)=weight_1D(2);
weight_1D(4)=weight_1D(1);
else
% tich phan 5 diem
point_1D(1)=-0.906179845938664;
point_1D(2)=-0.538469310105683;
point_1D(3)=0.0;
point_1D(4)=-point_1D(2);
point_1D(5)=-point_1D(1);
weight_1D(1)=0.236926885056189;
weight_1D(2)=0.478628670499366;
weight_1D(3)=0.568888888888889;
weight_1D(4)=weight_1D(2);
weight_1D(5)=weight_1D(1);
end
%------------------------------------------------------------------function [point_2D,weight_2D]=Gauss_Point_2D(nog_xa,nog_ya)
%------------------------------------------------------------------% Muc dich:
% xac dinh cc diem tich phan va ham trong so
% cua cac diem Gauss-Legendre voi tich phan so 2 bien
% Cu phap:
% [point_2D,weight_2D]=2_D_Gauss_Point(nog_xa,nog_ya)
% Mo ta cac bien:
% nog_xa - so diem tich phan theo phuong x
% nog_ya - so diem tich phan theo phuong y
% point_2D - vector chua cac diem Gauss
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
146
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
147
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
148
Kt qu s
- Chuyn v nt:
Bc t
do
Gi tr
(q)
Bc t
do
Gi tr
(q)
Bc t
do
Gi tr
Bc t
do
(q)
Gi tr
(q)
0.0000
11
0.0200
16
-0.0030
0.0100
12
-0.0030
17
0.0400
-0.0030
13
0.0300
18
0.0000
0.0030
0.0200
14
0.0000
19
0.0400
0.0100
10
0.0000
15
0.0300
20
-0.0030
- ng sut ti cc im Gauss:
im
1, 1
1, 2
2, 1
2, 2
Phn t 1
20.0000
20.0000
20.0000
20.0000
Phn t 2
20.0000
20.0000
20.0000
20.0000
Phn t 3
20.0000
20.0000
20.0000
20.0000
Phn t 4
20.0000
20.0000
20.0000
20.0000
Gauss
Phn t
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
149
10. BI TP
3A
2
q
1
1
2 B
2 B
a = 50mm;
b = 75mm;
c = 500mm
P = 8kN.
2b
a
2b
2b
a
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
150
8
1
5
4
7
2
3
6
10
9
4
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
151
Chng 9
PHN T HU HN TRONG TNH TON KT CU DM V
KHUNG
1. GII THIU
Pkp
Mkm
x
kp
km
(a)
x
v
(b)
M
y
J
(9.1)
(9.2)
d 2v M
dx 2 EJ
(9.3)
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
152
du
1
dAdx
2 A
(9.4)
1
1M2
1 M2
2
dAdx
y
dA
dx
dx
2 A
2 EJ 2 A
2 EJ 2
(9.5)
T (9.5) ta tnh c nng lng bin dng ton phn trong dm:
U
d 2v
1
dx
EJ
2 L dx 2
(9.6)
Th nng ca dm c xc nh bi:
2
L
L
d 2v
1
EJ 2 dx pvdx Pkp vkp M km km
2 0 dx
kp
km
0
(9.7)
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
153
(9.8)
Q1
Q3
Q5
Q6
Q2
Q4
Q6
q1
Q9
Q10
Q8
q3
q4
q2
1
v1
v2
v2
v1 (b)
(a)
(9.9)
H1
H1
H2
H2
H3
H3
H4
H4
= -1
=1
(9.10)
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
154
(9.11)
x x
x x
1
1
x1
x2 1 2 2 1
2
2
2
2
(9.12)
Mt khc:
x
le
dv dv dx
d ; v
,
d dx d
2
nn ta c quan h o hm sau:
dv le dv
d 2 dx
(9.13)
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
(9.14)
155
(9.15)
v=Hq
Trong :
H H1
le
H2
2
le
H4
2
H3
(9.16)
d 2v
1
U e EJ 2 dx
2 e dx
T (9.13) suy ra:
dv 2 dv
d 2v 4 d 2 v
dx le d
dx 2 le2 d 2
Thay v = Hq, ta c:
T
d 2v
16 d 2 H
2 q T 4
le d 2
dx
d 2H 3
1 3
2
2
d 2
d 2H
q
2
d
le
2
3
2
(9.17)
1 3 le
2 2
le
d , biu thc ca nng lng bin dng ca phn t
2
c vit di dng:
Ch : dx
9 2
4
1
1 T 8EJ
Ue q
2
le3 1
3
1 3 l e
8
2
1 3 2
le
4
DX
9
2
4
3
1 3 le
8
9 2
1 3 le
8
1 9 2 2
le
16
d q
3
1 3 le
8
2
1 3 2
le
4
(9.18)
cui cng ta thu c:
1
U e qT k e q
2
(9.19)
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
156
6l e
12
6l
4le
EJ
ke 3 e
l e 12 6le
2le
6le
12
6le
12
6le
6l e
2le
6le
4le
(9.20)
5. QUY I LC NT
p
l
(b)
M0
x0
x0
x
l
p0
l
(a)
P0
p0 x
l
x
l
(c)
(d)
Hnh 9.4. Cc dng ti trng gy un trn phn t dm
ple 1
q
pvdx
H
d
(9.21)
pvdx f
eT
(9.22)
Trong :
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
157
ple
6 l e
12
fe
5.2.
6 le
(9.23)
pvdx
e
pl 1
p0 x
vdx 0 e H (1 )d q
le
4 1
(9.24)
fe
5.3.
21 3le
(9.25)
(9.26)
Pkp v kp P0 H
Tng t nh trn, ta c:
le
l
H 2 ( 0 ) H 3 ( 0 ) e H 4 ( 0 )
2
2
f e P0 H 1 ( 0 )
(9.27)
trong :
0
5.4.
2 x0
1
le
(9.28)
Tng t nh trn, ta c:
fe
M0
3
e
6x x l l l
0
2
e e
4x0le 3x0
(9.29)
M EJ
d 2v
dM
; Q
, trong : v = Hq
2
dx
dx
Suy ra
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
158
EJ
6 q1 3 1 le q2 6 q3 3 1 le q4
2
le
Q
(9.30)
6 EJ
2q1 le q2 2q3 le q4
3
le
(9.31)
7. KHUNG PHNG
x
q4
q4
q6 (q6)
y
q2
q2
q1
y
x
q1
q3 (q3)
Hnh 9.5. Phn t khung phng
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
159
m 0 0
0 0
l
m l 0 0
0 0
0
0 1 0
0 0
L
0 0 l
m 0
0
0
0 0 m l 0
0 0 0
0 1
0
(9.35)
0
e
k'
EA
l
e
0
12 EJ
l 3e
6 EJ
l 2e
6 EJ
l 2e
4 EJ
le
12 EJ
l 3e
6 EJ
l 2e
6 EJ
l 2e
2 EA
le
EA
le
0
0
EA
le
0
0
0
12 EJ
l 3e
6 EJ
l 2e
0
12 EJ
l 3e
6 EJ
l 2e
6 EJ
l 2e
2 EA
le
0
6 EJ
l 2e
4 EA
le
0
(9.36)
(9.37)
trong :
ke = LT k'e L
(9.38)
l ma trn cng ca phn t trong h to chung (x, y).
Trong cc chng trnh phn t hu hn, trc ht ta xc nh ma
trn ke, sau tin hnh nhn cc ma trn trn theo (9.38) c
ke.
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
160
Pl e
2
Pl 2 e
12
p
y
Pl e
2
Pl 2 e
12
f ' 0
Pl e
2
Pl 2 e
12
Ple
2
Pl 2 e
12
(9.39)
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
161
p
A
Q1
Q5
Q3
Q2
Q6
Q4
EJ
200 10 9 4 10 6
8 10 5 N / m
3
3
1
le
6 12 6
12
6
4
6
2
k 1 k 2 8 105
12 6 12 6
2
6
4
6
p dng cng thc (9.23), ta tnh c lc nt qui i: F4 = -1000
Nm ;F6 = 1000 Nm
Ghp hai phn t, ta thu c ma trn cng chung ca dm
k 144 k 2 22
K
2
k 24
v h phng trnh
k 2 24
8 2
5
10
2 4
k 2 44
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
162
8 2 Q4 1000
8 10 5
2 4 Q6 1000
Gii h phng trnh trn s c
Q4 2.679 10 4
(Rad)
4
Q6 4.464 10
i vi phn t 2: q1 = 0; q2 = Q4; q3 = 0; q4 = Q6. xc nh
vng ti im gia ca phn t 2, ta p dng cng thc (9.15): v = Hq,
ti = 0
Suy ra:
v 0
le
l
H 2Q4 0 e H 4Q6 8.93 10 5 (m) 0.0893(mm)
2
2
8.2. V d 2
1
7
2
8
3
9
7
4
8
5
9
6
E(N/m2)
l(m)
EJ/l3
A(m2)
PT
1
2
()
sin
22,02 0.375
0
0
cos
0,927
1
200.109
200.109
8
8
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
J(m4)
0,0002 78,125
0,0002 78,125
0,006
0,006
163
p=4 kN/m
P=50kN
5m
3
3m
3m
8m
Q8
Q9
3
Q2
Q5
Q6
Q7
Q4
Q3
Q1
20
1,406 3,477
10
k 1 10 6
129
51,82
1,406
DX
21,9
3,477
20
0
0
0
0
150
150
0,9375 3,75
0
0,9375 3,75
20
0
10
3,75
k 2 10 6
150
0
0
DX
0,9375 3,75
20
4. Xc nh vct lc nt ca cc phn t:
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
164
58
,
59
f 1 103
(N ) ;
5,932
15,66
35,15
- Trn phn t 2, c lc phn b u tc dng, p dng cng thc
(9.34) v (9.35), ta c:
0
16
21
,
33
f 2 10 3
(N )
0
16
21,33
Ghp hai ma trn cng trn ta s c ma trn cng chung K;
ghp hai vct lc nt phn t trn ta c vct lc nt chung F. p
dng iu kin bin (Q1 = Q2= Q3= Q4= Q5= Q6 =0); cui cng ta thu
c h phng trnh:
51,82 1, 406 Q7
279
5,932
3
10 51,82 22,84 0, 2735 Q8 10 1,34
56, 48
1,406 0,2735
40 Q9
Q8 0,01631 (mm)
Q 0,001412 ( Rad )
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
165
1
A
3
3
4
4
5
5
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------%
% Chuong trinh so 1, chuong 9 (P9_1)
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------%
% tinh do vong tinh cua dam, su dung phan tu dam Hermitian
% voi vecto chuyen vi nut nut la {u_1 theta_1 u_2 theta_2}
% Mo ta bai toan
% Tinh do vong cua dam chiu lien ket don tai 2 dau mut
% Chieu dai dam bang 20 inches.
% Modul dan hoi vat lieu dam la 10x10e6 psi
% Mo men quan tinh mat cat ngang la 1/12 inch^4.
% Chiu tai trong tap trun tai giua dam, do lon bang 100 lb.
% Su dung 5 phan tu cho 1 nua dam (Hinh 9.9 mo ta luoi phan tu)
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
166
% Mo ta cac bien
% k = ma tran do cung phan tu
% kk = ma tran do cung tong the
% f = vec to luc nut phan tu
% ff = vec to luc nut tong the
% index = vecto chi so phuc vu ghep noi phan tu
% bcdof = vecto chua cac chuyen vi nut bi rang buoc boi dieu kien
bien
% bcval = vecto chua gia tri cac chuyen vi nut bi rang buoc
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------%
clear
% Cac he so chuyen doi don vi tinh
psi_pa = 6894.8; % he so chuyen don vi tu Psi => Pa
in_mm = 25.4;
% he so chuyen don vi tu Inch => mm
lb_N = 4.448; % he so chuyen don vi tu Lb => N
psi_pa=1;
in_mm = 1;
noe=5;
% tong so phan tu
nnel=2;
% so nut cua moi phan tu
ndof=2;
% so bac tu do tai moi nut
nnode=(nnel-1)*noe+1; % tong so nut cua ca he
sdof=nnode*ndof;
% tong so bac tu do cua ca he
edof = nnel*ndof;
% so bac tu do cua moi phan tu
E_module=10^7;
% modul dan hoi
J=1/12;
% momen quan tinh cua mat cat ngang
tleng=10;
% mot nua chieu dai cua dam
leng=10/noe;
% kich thuoc cua cac phan tu
area=1;
% dien tich mat cat ngang cua dam
bcdof(1)=1;
% chuyen vi nut dau tien chiu rang buoc boi DK bien
bcval(1)=0;
% gia tri cua chuyen vi nay bang 0
bcdof(2)=12;
% chuyen vi nut thu 12 chiu rang buoc boi DK bien
bcval(2)=0;
% gia tri cua chuyen vi nay bang 0
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
167
ff=zeros(sdof,1);
% khoi tao vec to luc nut chung
kk=zeros(sdof,sdof); % khoi tao ma tran do cung tong the
index=zeros(edof,1); % khoi tao vec to chi so ghep noi
ff(11)=50;
% xac dinh vec to luc nut tong the ( cua luc tap trung)
for iel=1:noe % xet tung phan tu cua he
% xac dinh cac chuyen vi nut chung tuong ung tai moi phan tu
start = (iel-1)*(nnel-1)*ndof;
for i=1:edof
index(i)=start+i;
end
% tinh toan ma tran do cung phan tu dam Hermit
k=HermitianBeam(E_module,J,leng,area);
kk=kk_build_2D(kk,k,index); % ghep noi phan tu
end
[kk,ff]=boundary_aply_2D(kk,ff,bcdof,bcval); % ap dat dieu kien
bien
fem_solution=kk\ff; % giai he phuongg trinh PTHH
% tinh chuyen vi tai cac nut theo phuong phap giai tich
e=10^7; l=20; xi=1/12; P=100;
for i = 1:nnode
x=(i-1)*2;
c=P/(48*e*xi);
k=(i-1)*ndof+1;
exac_solution(k)=c*(3*l^2-4*x^2)*x;
exac_solution(k+1)=c*(3*l^2-12*x^2);
end
% hien thi ket qua theo ca 2 phuong phap
num=1:1:sdof;
store=[num' fem_solution exac_solution']
Cc hm c s dng trong chng trnh
function k=HermitianBeam(E_module,J,leng,area)
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
168
store =
Chuyn
v nt
1
2
3
4
5
6
Kt qu theo
PTHH
0
0.0030
0.0059
0.0029
0.0114
0.0025
Kt qu theo
gii tch
0
0.0030
0.0059
0.0029
0.0114
0.0025
Chuyn
v nt
7
8
9
10
11
12
Kt qu theo
PTHH
0.0158
0.0019
0.0189
0.0011
0.0200
0
Kt qu theo
gii tch
0.0158
0.0019
0.0189
0.0011
0.0200
0
V d 9. 2
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
169
1m
5
A-A
6 7
P=50KN
4
2m
6 cm
3cm
A-A
2
1
1
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
170
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
171
bcval(1)=0;
% gia tri bang 0
bcdof(2)=2;
% chuyen vi theo phuong y ti nut 1 bi khong che
bcval(2)=0;
% gia tri bang 0
bcdof(3)=3;
% chuyen vi goc tai nut 1 bi khong che
bcval(3)=0;
% gia tri bang 0
ff=zeros(sdof,1);
% khoi tao vec to luc nut tong the
kk=zeros(sdof,sdof);
% khoi tao ma tran do cung tong the
index=zeros(edof,1);
% khoi tao vec to vecto chi so (bang) ghep noi
ff(20)=-50e3; % khai bao cac thanh phan vecto luc nut tong the
for iel=1:noe
% xet tung phan tu
% xac dinh cac bac tu do (chuyen vi nut) tong the tai moi phan tu
start = (iel-1)*(nnel-1)*ndof;
for i=1:edof
index(i)=start+i;
end
node1=iel;
% nut thu 1 cua phan tu thu 'iel'
node2=iel+1; % nut thu 2 cua phan tu thu 'iel'
x1=x(node1); y1=y(node1); % cac toa do cua nut thu nhat
x2=x(node2); y2=y(node2); % cac toa do cua nut thu hai
leng=sqrt((x2-x1)^2+(y2-y1)^2); % chieu dai cua phan tu thu 'iel'
if (x2-x1)==0; % tinh goc giua truc dia phuong va truc chung
if y2>y1;
beta=pi/2;
else
beta=-pi/2;
end
else
beta=atan((y2-y1)/(x2-x1));
end
% tinh ma tran do cung phan tu
k=frame_element(E_module,J,leng,area,beta);
kk=kk_build_2D(kk,k,index); % ghep noi ma tran do cung tong the
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
172
end
% ap dat dieu kien bien
[kk,ff]=boundary_aply_2D(kk,ff,bcdof,bcval);
fem_solution=kk\ff; % giai he phuong trinh PTHH
% in cac ket qua
num=1:1:sdof;
store=[num' fem_solution]
Cc hm s dng trong chng trnh
%-------------------------------------------------------------function k=frame_element(E_module,J,leng,area,beta)
%-------------------------------------------------------------% Muc dich:
% tinh ma tran do cung phan tu ca phan tu khung 2 chieu
% voi vecto chuyen vi nut nut la {u_1 v_1 theta_1 u_2 v_2 theta_2}
%
% Cu phap:
% k=frame_element(J,leng,area,beta)
%
% Mo ta cac bien:
% k ma tran do cung phan tu (kich thuoc 6x6)
% E_module modul dan hoi
% J mo men quan tinh mat cat ngang
% leng chieu dai phan tu
% area dien tich mat cat ngang
% beta goc giua truc x he truc dia phuong va truc X- he truc
chung
%-------------------------------------------------------------------------% tinh ma tran do cung phan tu trong he toa do dia phuong
a=E_module*area/leng;
c=E_module*J/(leng^3);
kl=[a 0
0
-a 0
0;...
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
173
0 12*c
6*leng*c
0 -12* c 6*leng*c;...
0 6*leng*c 4*leng^2*c 0 -6*leng*c 2*leng^2*c;...
-a 0
0
a 0
0;...
0 -12*c
-6*leng*c
0 12*c -6*leng*c;...
0 6*leng*c 2*leng^2*c 0 -6*leng*c 4*leng^2*c];
% xay dung ma tran quay
r=[ cos(beta) sin(beta) 0 0
0
0;...
-sin(beta) cos(beta) 0 0
0
0;...
0
0
1 0
0
0;...
0
0
0 cos(beta) sin(beta) 0;...
0
0
0 -sin(beta) cos(beta) 0;...
0
0
0 0
0
1];
% tinh ma tran do cung phan tu trong he toa do chung
k=r'*kl*r;
Kt qu s
store =
Chuyn
v nt
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Gi tr
0
0
0
0.0579
- 0.0001
- 0.0002
0.2315
Chuyn
v nt
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
Gi tr
-0.0001
-0.0005
0.5208
-0.0002
-0.0007
0.9259
-0.0003
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
Chuyn
v nt
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
Gi tr
-0.0009
0.9259
-0.5115
-0.0011
0.9259
-1.0805
-0.0012
174
10.
BI TP
Hnh 9.10.2
Hnh 9.10.1
4J1
q
x
J1
2J1
Hnh 9.10.3
Hnh 9.10.4
m
x
L
P
x
2L
Hnh 9.10.5
Hnh 9.10.6
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
175
3qL2
;
4bc 2
y max
5qL4
3qL2 1
16 Ebc 3
5 Ebc
q
x
2c
b
L
y
3qL2
;
4bc 2
y max
5qL4
3qL2 1
16 Ebc 3
5 Ebc
q
2c
x
L
y
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
176
L
P
P
L
Hnh 9.10.9
Hnh 9.10.10
255
12 kg
380
305
458
813
915
Hnh 9.10.11. M hnh khung xe p chu lc
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
177
Chng 10
PHN T HU HN TRONG BI TON DN NHIT
1. GII THIU
qA
dng
nhit
dq
q dx A
dx
dx
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
178
2
1
dT T j Ti T j Ti
dx x j xi
le
(10.2)
do :
Qi
kA
kA
T j Ti ; Q j Ti T j
le
le
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
179
kA 1 1 Ti Qi
le 1 1 T j Q j
(10.3)
; u T; f Q
l
l
Tin hnh ghp cc phn t nh trong bi ton mt chiu (1D).
Cui cng ta cng thu c h phng trnh PTHH di dng tng
qut:
KT = R
(10.4)
2.3. V d
1
k1
2
k2
3
k3
10
10
x
T4=200C
Li gii
Ta c th m t bi ton nh mt thanh nhit gm 3 phn t; din
tch mt ct ngang bng 1 n v.
Trc ht ta xy dng bng ghp ni cc phn t, nh bng sau:
Bc t.do
Phn t
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
180
10 1 1
1 1
w / C
1 1
1 10 3 1 1
0,2 10 3
5 1 1
1 1
w / C
80 10 3
10
w / C
1
1 1
3 1
1 1 8 10 1 1
0
8 8
0
v h phng trnh PTHH c dng:
w / C
0
8
0
0 T1 R1
8
8 8,2 0, 2 0 T 0
2
10 3
0 0, 2 8,2 8 T3 0
0
8 8 T4 R4
0
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
181
qy
q y
y
dy
qx
dy
y
qx
A-A
q x
dx
x
qy
dx
x
(b)
(a)
q x dy t q y dx t Qdxdy t q x x dx dy t q y
dy dx t
x
(10.5)
q x q y
Q 0
x
y
(10.6)
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
182
T T
Q 0
k
k
x x y y
(10.7)
iu kin bin
ST: T=T0
Sc: qn = h(T-T)
A
Sq: qn = q0
Hnh 10.5. Cc iu kin bin ca bi ton dn nhit hai chiu
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
183
3.3.
T3
=1 3
T(x,y)
T1
1
2
T2
x
=1
Phn t quy chiu
Hnh 10.6. Phn t tam gic bc nht trong bi ton dn nhit hai chiu
N 1 l cc hm dng v T e T1 T2
(10.8)
T3
T T x T y
T T x T y
v
x y
x y
(10.9)
(10.10)
Hay
T
T
x
T J T
y
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
(10.11)
184
y 21
y31
det J x31
y
y 21 1 1 0 e
T
x 21 1 0 1
(10.12)
Hay:
T
x
e
T BT T
y
(10.13)
Trong
BT
1
det J
y 21 y 31
x x
31
21
y31
x31
y 21
1 y 23
x 21 det J x32
y31
x13
y12
x 21
(10.14)
Kt qu l:
2
T
T T
x y
x
3.4.
T
T x
T
eT
e
T T BT BT T
y
y
(10.15)
Xy dng phim hm
T
1 T
1
2QT tdA q0 TtdS hT T 2 tdS
k
k
2 A x
2
y
Sq
Sc
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
185
(10.16)
T
1
T
kT e BT BT T e tdA
2e
(10.17)
1 T
1 T
1 T
T
T e ktAe BT BT T e T e kT T e T e K T T e
2
e 2
e 2
Trong ma trn dn nhit ca phn t c xc nh bi:
T
(10.18)
kT ktAe BT BT
v ma trn dn nhit ca c h:
K T kT
(10.19)
V N i dA
e
QTtdA Q NtdA T
e
(10.20)
1
Ae , do vct lng nhit:
3
Qe tAe
1 1 1T
3
2. Khi Q bin thin tuyn tnh vi Qe = [Q1, Q2 , Q3 ]T. Khi y, ta c:
rQ
(10.21)
Q(, ) = NQe
(10.22)
Th (10.22) vo QTtdA , s c:
A
rQ
tAe
2Q1 Q2 Q3
12
Q1 2Q2 Q3
Q1 Q2 2Q3
(10.23)
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
186
QTtdA tQ T
0 0
tQ0 N 0 , 0 T e rQ T e
(10.24)
Trong : rQ tQ0 N T 0 , 0
Hay
rQ tQ0 1 0 0
0 0 T
(10.25)
T
q
TtdS
q
NtdS
0
0
q
e e
(10.26)
=0
=1
q = q0
x
1
=0
=0
=1
=0
Hnh 10.7. iu kin bin dn trn cnh 2-3 ca phn t tam gic
q0 NtdS q T e
e
q0l 23 0 1 d tT
0
Te
(10.27)
Trong :
rQ
q 0tl 23
0 1 1T
2
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
(10.28)
187
rQ
q 0tl13
1 0 1T
2
(10.30)
1
2
T hN
1
2
eT
eT
hT T e
NtdS c T e
Te
hT
NtdS c T e
e
1
2
hT t dS c
2
e
(10.31)
2 hT t dS
(10.32)
htT l 23
0 1 1T
(10.33)
2
Nu cnh 1-2 l cnh to nhit i lu ca phn t, khi y
N 1 0 v dS l12 d , nn ta c:
r
2 1 0
htl12
hT
1 2 0
6
0 0 0
(10.34)
htT l12
1 1 0T
(10.35)
2
Nu cnh 1-3 l cnh to nhit i lu ca phn t, khi y
N 1 0 v dS l13 d , nn ta c:
r
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
188
2 0 1
htl13
hT
0 0 0
6
1 0 2
(10.36)
htT l13
1 0 1T
2
2 hT t dS
(10.37)
(10.38)
K kT hT
(10.39)
R rQ rq r
(10.40)
Trong
e
V d
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
189
T=1800
T=1800
5
k=1,5W/m0C
0,6m
4
3
h, T
h, T
1
T=1800
0,4m
2
q=0
Phn t
1
det J
y 23
x
32
y 31
x13
y12
x 21
Ta tnh c
1 0,15 0,15 0
0,06 0
0,4 0, 4
1 0,15 0,15 0,3
B2
0,12 0,4
0,4 0
B1
B3
1 0,15 0,15 0
0,06 0
0,4 0,4
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
190
0, 2813 0,2813 0
0,2813 2,2813 2
0
2
2
kT
0,86 0,2813
1,14
0,86
1,14
0,2813
0,2813 0, 2813 0,5625
0,2813 0, 2813 0
kT 0,2813 2, 2813 2
0
2
2
Tip theo, cn tnh ma trn hT cho phn t c cnh i lu. V hai
phn t 1 v 3 cng c cnh 2-3 (nt a phng) i lu, p dng biu
thc (10.32) ta c:
3
0 0 0
htl 23
hT
0 2 1
6
0 1 2
thay s vo ta c:
0
0 0
hT hT 0 2,5 1, 25
0 1, 25 2,5
Ma trn dn nhit ca c h (kch thc 5x5) s c xy dng
nh bng ghp ni cc phn t trn. Ch n iu kin bin T =
1800C ti nt 4 v 5 (b hng 4, ct 4; hng 5, ct 5), ta c:
1
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
191
htT l 23
0 1 1T
2
ta c:
1
r r
50 25 0,15
0 1 1T
2
Vy
2 ]T
R = 93,75 [ 0 1
Gii h phng trnh: (KT = R) ta c:
T T1 T2
T3 T4
V d 10.1
1
h, T
k1
k2
k3
0,3m
x
T4=200C
0,15m 0,15m
- Cng vo cc thnh phn ca vct R(i) mt i lng bng K(i,4)*20, vi i l ch s hng (i=1..4) ;
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
192
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
193
% Don vi W/m do C
k_coeff(1)=20;
% he so dan nhiet cua vat lieu phan tu thu 1
k_coeff(2)=30;
% he so dan nhiet cua vat lieu phan tu thu 2
k_coeff(3)=50;
% he so dan nhiet cua vat lieu phan tu thu 3
elsec(1)=1;
% dien tich mat c ngang phan tu thu 1
elsec(2)=1;
% dien tich mat c ngang phan tu thu 2
elsec(3)=1;
% dien tich mat c ngang phan tu thu 3
%----------------------------% nodal connectivity
%----------------------------nodes(1,1)=1; nodes(1,2)=2; % cac chi so nut tong the cua phan tu 1
nodes(2,1)=2; nodes(2,2)=3; % cac chi so nut tong the cua phan tu 2
nodes(3,1)=3; nodes(3,2)=4; % cac chi so nut tong the cua phan tu 4
%----------------------------------------------------------% Convection heat transfer conditions
%----------------------------------------------------------T_0 = 20;
% nhiet do ben ngoai (do C)
T_ext = 800 % T_vocung (do C)
h_coeff = 25; % he so trao doi nhiet (W/m^2)
%----------------------------% khai bao cac dieu kien bien
%----------------------------bcdof(1)=4;
bcval(1)=T_0;
%---------------------------% khoi tao cac vecto va cac ma tran
%---------------------------rr=zeros(sdof,1);
kk=zeros(sdof,sdof);
index=zeros(nnel*ndof,1);
r=zeros(nnel*ndof,1);
% vec to nhiet luong phan tu
eltemp=zeros(nnel*ndof,1);
% vecto nhiet do nut phan tu
k=zeros(nnel*ndof,nnel*ndof); % ma tran dan nhiet phan tu
%----------------------------% xay dung vecto nhiet luong tong the
%----------------------------rr(1)=h_coeff*T_ext;
kk(1,1)=h_coeff;
%-------------------------% Xet tung phan tu
%--------------------------
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
194
for iel=1:noe
% xet tung phan tu
nd(1)=nodes(iel,1); % chi so tong the cua nut 1 phan tu (iel)
nd(2)=nodes(iel,2); % chi so tong the cua nut 2 phan tu (iel)
x1=gcoord(nd(1)); % toa do nut thu 1
x2=gcoord(nd(2)); % toa do nut thu 2
leng=x2-x1;
% chieu dai phan tu 1 chieu
% xac dinh cac bac tu do phan tu
k=0;
for i=1:nnel
start = (nd(i)-1)*ndof;
for j=1:ndof
k=k+1;
index(k)=start+j;
end
end
% tinh ma tran dan nhiet phan tu
k= (area(iel)*k_coeff(iel)/leng(iel))*[ 1 -1;-1 1];
kk=kk_build_2D(kk,k,index);
% ghep noi phan tu
end
%--------------------------------------------------% ap dat cac dieu kien bien va giai he phuong trinh PTHH
%--------------------------------------------------kkk=kk; % kkk luu vet cua kk de tinh vecto nhiet luong.
% ap dat cac dieu kien bien
[kk,rr]=boundary_aply_2D_N(kk,rr,bcdof,bcval);
disp=kk\rr; % giai he phuong trinh PTHH
%-------------------------------------------------% tinh vecto nhiet luong
%-------------------------------------------------rr=zeros(sdof,1);
% khoi tao vecto nhiet luong
for i=1:sdof
for j=1:sdof
rr(i)=rr(i)+kkk(i,j)*disp(j);
end
end
%---------------------------% in ket qua
%---------------------------num=1:1:sdof;
displ=[num' disp rr]
%--------------------------------------------------------------------
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
195
Kt qu s
displ =
Node
1
2
3
4
Nhit
305
119
57
20
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
196
4.2.
V d 10.2
T=1800
0,6m
k=1,5W/m0C
8
6
h, T
5
3 h, T
4
1
0,4m
T=1800
2
q=0
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
197
% su trao doi nhiet doi luu tren mot mat voi T_extremely=25 do C
% va h=50W/m^2. do C, mat doi dien duoc phu lop cach nhiet
% Xac dinh su phan bo nhiet do trong thanh
% su dung 6 phan tu tam giac bac nhat dang tham so tren 1 nua mat cat
% Chu y, tai bien doi xung truc, khong co su trao doi nhiet luong
% Hinh 10.10 mo ta luoi phan tu
%
% Mo ta cac bien
% k = ma tran dan nhiet phan tu
% kk = ma tran dan nhiet tong the
% rr = vec to nhiet luong tong the
% gcoord = ma tran toa do nut tong the
% nodes = ma tran cac chi so nut tong the tai moi phan tu
% index = vecto chi so ghep noi phan tu
% bcdof = vecto nhiet do nut chiu rang buoc cac dieu kien bien
% bcval = gia tri nhiet do nut chiu rang buoc cua cac dieu kien bien
%---------------------------------------------------------------------------%-----------------------------------% cac tham so dieu khien luoi phan tu
%-----------------------------------clear
noe=6;
% tong so phan tu
nnel=3;
% so nut cua phan tu
ndof=1;
% so bac tu do tai nut
nnode=8;
% tong so nut trong he
sdof=nnode*ndof;
% tong so bac tu do cua he
edof=nnel*ndof;
% so bac tu do cua phan tu
%--------------------------------------------% nhap thong tin toa do nut: gcoord(i,j),
% trong do i la so hieu nut va j = 1 chi toa do x, j=2 chi toa do y
%--------------------------------------------gcoord=[0.0 0.0; 0.4 0.0; 0.4 0.075; 0.0 0.15;
0.4 0.15; 0.4 0.225; 0.0 0.3; 0.4 0.3];
%--------------------------------------------------------% nhap thong tin chi so nut tong the cua moi phan tu: nodes(i,j)
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
198
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
199
nd(i)=nodes(iel,i);
(iel)
xcoord(i)=gcoord(nd(i),1); % toa do x cua cac nut
ycoord(i)=gcoord(nd(i),2); % toa do x cua cac nut
end
k=zeros(edof,edof); % khoi tao ma tran dan nhiet phan tu
h=zeros(edof,edof); % khoi tao ma tran doi luu nhiet phan tu
r=zeros(edof,1);
% khoi tao vecto nhiet luong phan tu
nd(1)=nodes(iel,1); % chi so nut tong the cua nut thu 1 phan tu(iel)
nd(2)=nodes(iel,2); % chi so nut tong the cua nut thu 2 phan tu(iel)
nd(3)=nodes(iel,3); % chi so nut tong the cua nut thu 3 phan tu(iel)
x1=gcoord(nd(1),1); % toa do x cua nut thu 1
y1=gcoord(nd(1),2); % toa do y cua nut thu 1
x2=gcoord(nd(2),1); % toa do x cua nut thu 2
y2=gcoord(nd(2),2); % toa do y cua nut thu 2
x3=gcoord(nd(3),1); % toa do x cua nut thu 3
y3=gcoord(nd(3),2); % toa do y cua nut thu 3
J=[x2-x1 y2-y1; x3-x1 y3-y1] % ma tran Jacobian phan tu
A_e=det(J)/2
% dien tich phan tu
B_t=(1/det(J))*[y2-y3 y3-y1 y1-y2; x3-x2 x1-x3 x2-x1];
%-------------------------------------------% tinh ma tran dan nhiet phan tu
%-------------------------------------------k=k_coeff*A_e*B_t'*B_t;
%-----------------------------------% tinh vec to nhiet luong doi luu
%------------------------------------------------% khoi tao vecto nhiet luong do doi luu nhiet
r_ext=zeros(edof,1);
if ce(iel)~=0 % co 1 canh la canh doi luu
length(1)=sqrt((x2-x1)^2+(y2-y1)^2); % do dai cua canh (1-2)
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
200
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
201
Nt
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Nhit (oC)
128.9190
37.1185
40.0259
142.0870
51.6724
85.4203
180.0000
180.0000
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
202
5. BI TP
x
Hnh 10.5.1
10
Hnh 10.5.2
10.3. Kho st mt bc tng c
chiu dy L=30 cm, h s dn nhit ca
vt liu k = 0.7 W/m .oC. B mt trong c
nhit 28oC v b mt ngoi tip xc
vi khng kh lnh nhit -15oC. H
s i lu nhit ca b mt l h = 40W/m2
.o
C. Hy xc nh gi tr nhit trung
bnh phn b trong tng v lng nhit
i qua tng. S dng 2 cch c bn: tnh
ton bng tay v sa i li chng trnh
P10_2.
30 cm
h=40W/m2 oC
T = -15oC
o
28 C
k=0.7W/moC
Lp cch nhit
Hnh 10.5.3
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
h =5W/m2.0C
T =20oC
2cm
Hnh 10.5.4
203
300C
0,1m
100oC
x
0,6m
0,1m
0,8m
Hnh 10.5.5
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
204
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
205
Chng 11
PHN T HU HN
TRONG TNH TON KT CU TM - V CHU UN
1. GII THIU
(11.1)
w( x, y, z ) w 0 ( x, y )
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
206
Qx
Mx
Mxy
y
Qy
M xy
My
dx
Mxy
M xy
Mx
M x
dx
x
M xy
x
M xy
y
dy
dx
Qx
My
Qy
M y
y
Q y
y
dy
dy
Q x
dx
x
dy
Hnh 11.1. S phn t tm chu un
V b qua bin dng ct, nn cc thnh phn bin dng trong mt
phng c vit dng sau:
T x
y xy z x y xy
(11.2)
Trong :
T x
2w
xy 2
x
2w
2w
2
xy
y 2
(11.3)
zD
(11.4)
Trong :
y xy T
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
207
1
0
D E 2 1 0
1
1 v
0 0
2
Cc thnh phn mmen c xc nh bi:
h
2
M z dz
(11.5)
Trong : M M x
My
M D
(11.6)
Trong :
3
h
D 12
D
(11.7)
M x M xy
Qx 0
y
x
M xy M y
Q y 0
x
y
Q x Q y
p0
y
x
(11.8)
p0
xy
x 2
y 2
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
(11.9)
208
4
2
2
4
Dr
x
x y
y
(11.10)
Trong :
Eh 3
Dr
12(1 2 )
l cng chng un ca tm.
3. PHN T TM KIRCHOFF CHU UN
y
3
(x3,y3)
1
(x1,y1)
(x2,y2)
x
Hnh 11.2. Phn t t gic Kirchoff
Mi nt ca phn t c 3 bc t do: Chuyn v w theo phng z v
hai gc xoay x = w,x v y = w,y (du phy l k hiu ca o hm
ring phn ca w theo cc bin x v y) quanh trc x v y tng ng. K
hiu vct chuyn v nt l di, ta c:
d i wi
x i
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
y i
(11.11)
209
q d1T
d 2T
d 3T
d 4T
(11.12)
d w0
x y
(11.13)
(11.14)
x x
y y
H 3i 2 wi H 3i1 w H 3i w
y
x i
i
i 1
(11.15)
H 3i 2 wi H 3i1 w H 3i w
y
x i
i
i 1
(11.16)
(11.17)
H1
H2
H3 H10
H11
H12
B H1
H2
H3
H10
H11
H12
x
x
x
x
x
x
(11.18)
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
210
Ld ;
(11.19)
0
x
L 0 0
0
y
(11.20)
Ld L Bq Bq
(11.21)
1 t
dV
2V
(11.22)
h
2
1
T
h S z zDdSdz 2
e
2
T
dS
z dz
h S
e
2
h
T D dS qT h BT DBdSq
24 Se
24 Se
h
2
ke
h3
B T D BdS
24 Se
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
(11.24)
211
H1
1
0
0
0
H1
0
0
0
0
H1
0
0
0
0
,
-1,-1
1,-1
1,1
-1,1
H4
0
1
0
0
H4
0
0
0
0
H4
0
0
0
0
,
-1,-1
1,-1
1,1
-1,1
H7
0
0
1
0
H7
0
0
0
0
H7
0
0
0
0
,
-1,-1
1,-1
1,1
-1,1
H10
0
0
0
1
H10
0
0
0
0
H10
0
0
0
0
Nt 1
H2
1
0
0
0
Nt 2
H5
H5
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
Nt 3
H8
H8
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
Nt 4
H11 H11
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
H2
0
0
0
0
H2
0
0
0
0
H3
0
0
0
0
H3
0
0
0
0
H3
1
0
0
0
H5
0
0
0
0
H6
0
0
0
0
H6
0
0
0
0
H6
0
1
0
0
H8
0
0
0
0
H9
0
0
0
0
H9
0
0
0
0
H9
0
0
1
0
H11
0
0
0
0
H12
0
0
0
0
H12
0
0
0
0
H12
0
0
0
1
1
1 1 2 2 2
8
H2
1
1 1 1 2 ; H 3 1 1 1 1 2
8
8
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
(11.25a)
212
H4
1
1 1 2 2 2
8
H5
H7
(11.25b)
1
1 1 1 2 ; H 6 1 1 1 1 2
8
8
1
1 1 2 2 2
8
H8
(11.25c)
1
1 1 1 2 ; H 9 1 1 1 1 2
8
8
H 10
1
1 1 2 2 2
8
H 11
1
1 1 1 2 ; H12 1 1 1 1 2
8
8
(11.25d)
;
a
b
x a x ; y b y
C
C
2
2
(11.26)
x
x
J
y
y
y
(11.27a)
v:
J 11*
x
1
J 21
y
J
J
*
12
*
22
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
(11.27b)
213
a 0
1
vi: J l ma trn nghch o ca ma trn Jacbin J
.
0 b
Vy ta c:
*
J 1 J11*
J 21
1
J 12* a
*
J 22
0
1
x a
1 ;
y b
v:
0
1
2 1
2 a 2
x
2
2 1
2
y b
(11.28)
2
2
2
2
(11.29)
L 0
2
b
2
a
2
a
0
2
b
(11.30)
2
8 H1
ab
4 2H 2
a 2 2
4 2H 2
b 2 2
8 2H2
ab
4 2H3
a 2 2
4 2H3
b 2 2
8 2 H3
ab
4 2 H 10
a 2 2
4 2 H 10
b 2 2
8 2 H 10
ab
4 2 H 11
a 2 2
4 2 H 11
b 2 2
8 2 H 11
ab
4 2 H 12
a 2 2
2
4 H 12 (11.31)
b 2 2
8 2 H 12
ab
Trong :
2 H1 3
1 ;
2
4
2H 2 1
1 3 1 ;
2
4
2 H1 3
1 .
2
4
2
H2
0.
2
2H3
0;
2
2H3 1
1 3 1
2
4
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
(11.32a)
(11.32b)
(11.32c)
214
2H 4 3
1
2
4
2
2
H5 1
H5
1 3 1 ;
0
2
4
2
2H 4
3
1 ;
2
2 H6
0;
2
2H 7
3
1 ;
2
2H6 1
1 3 1
2
4
2H 7
3
1 .
2
(11.32d)
(11.32e)
(11.32f)
(11.32g)
2 H8 1
2 H8
1 3 1 ;
0,
2
4
2
(11.32h)
2H9
0;
2
2H9 1
1 3 1
2
4
(11.32i)
2 H 10 3
1 ;
2
4
2 H 11 1
1 3 1 ;
2
4
2
H12
0;
2
2 H10
3
1
2
(11.32k)
2 H 11
0
2
(11.32m)
2 H 12 1
1 3 1
2
4
(11.32n)
1
b T b dV 1 s T s dV
2V
2V
(11.33)
trong :
b x
y xy T
b x
(11.34)
xy T
(11.35)
s xz
yz T
(11.36)
s xz
yz T
(11.37)
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
215
1
b T Db b dV 5 s T Ds s dV
2V
12 V
(11.38)
trong :
1
0
Db E 2 1 0
1
1 v
0 0
(11.39)
v
G 0
0 G
Ds
(11.40)
v ( x , y , z ) z y ( x , y )
w( x, y , z ) w0 ( x, y )
(11.41)
xz
x
w
y
yz
y
(11.42)
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
216
i 1
x N i , x i
i 1
y N i , y i
i 1
w N i , wi
(11.43)
b zB p d e
s zBs d e
(11.44)
trong :
N1
x
Bp 0
N
1
y
0
N1
y
N1
x
N 2
x
N 2
y
0
N 2
y
N 2
x
N 3
x
N 3
y
0
N 3
y
N 3
x
N 4
x
N 4
y
0
N 4
y
N 4
x
(11.45)
Bs
N1
N2
N3
N4
N2
0
N3 0
N4
0
N1 0
x
x
x
x
N1
N2
N3
N4
0 N1
0 N2
0 N3
0 N4
y
y
y
y
(11.46)
d
e
x1
y1 w1 x 2 y 2 w2 x3 y3 w3 x 4 y 4 w4 T
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
217
(11.47)
Ue
B D dz dA d 125 d B D B dz dAd
1 e
d
2
e T
Ae z
V z
(11.48)
Cui cng, ta thu c ma trn cng ca phn t tm t gic bc
nht chu un di dng:
ke
h3
Bb T Db b dA 5 h Bs T Ds Bs dA
12 Ae
6 V
(11.49)
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
218
0 d b Fb
K m d m Fm
(11.50)
x
y
z
v
y
zk
Hnh 11. 3. Phn t v l t hp ca 2 phn t
w
y
Khi cc phn t v c phng khc
k
nhau, v d khi xt v tr gc ca
x
mt hnh hp (Hnh 11.4), ti y c
3 phn t k nhau; ta c th thy rng
i
Z
thnh phn gc xoay ca phn t ny
zi
x
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
Y
X
zj
j
219
Hnh 11. 4
0 d b Fb
0 d m Fm
0 z 0
K m
0
(11.51)
d T d
l
(11.52)
c12
c13
c22
c23
c32
c33
c11
c12
c11
c12
c11
c12
0 u g
0 v g
0 w g
c13 x g
c13 y g
c13 z g
(11.53)
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
220
Td
0
T
0
Td
Td
0
0
0
Td
(11.54)
K T K T
F T F
T
(11.55)
(11.57)
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
221
z
P
7
3
9
5
2
(b)
(a)
Hnh 11.5. (a). S ho tm vung chu un
(b). Li 4 phn t ca tm vung
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
222
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
223
len_x=400;
% kich thuoc theo phuong x cua tam (mm)
len_y=400;
% kich thuoc theo phuong y cua tam (mm)
t=5;
% chieu day tam (mm)
% tich phan so 2x2 diem Gauss voi tich phan ma tran do cung uon
nog_xb=2; nog_yb=2;
% so cac diem Gauss
nog_b=nog_xb*nog_yb;
% tich phan so 1x1 diem Gauss voi tich phan ma tran do cung cat
nog_xs=1; nog_ys=1;
% so cac diem Gauss
nog_s=nog_xs*nog_ys;
%--------------------------------------------% du lieu toa do nut: gcoord(i,j)
% voi i la chi so nut va j chi toa do x hay y
%--------------------------------------------len_x_elm = (len_x/2)/noe_x;
len_y_elm = (len_y/2)/noe_y;
for row_index=1:(noe_y*2-1)
for col_index=1:(noe_x*2-1)
gcoord((col_index+(row_index-1)*(noe_x*2-1)),1) = ...
(col_index-1)*len_x_elm;
gcoord((col_index+(row_index-1)*(noe_x*2-1)),2) = ...
(row_index-1)*len_y_elm;
end
end
%--------------------------------------------------------% du lieu ma tran dinh vi nut phan tu: nodes(i,j)
% voi i la chi so phan tu va j la chi so nut tong the
%--------------------------------------------------------nodes=[1 2 5 4; 2 3 6 5; 4 5 8 7; 5 6 9 8];
%------------------------------------% du lieu ve dieu kien bien
%------------------------------------bcdof=[1 2 3 4 6 7 9 11 12 16 20 21 23 25 26]; % cac bac tu do bi rang
buoc
bcval=zeros(1,15);
% gia tri cac bac tu do bi rang buoc = 0
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
224
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
225
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
226
for intx=1:nog_xs
x=points(intx,1);
% toa do x diem Gauss
wtx=weights(intx,1);
% trong so cua diem Gauss theo phuong x
for inty=1:nog_ys
y=points(inty,2);
% toa do y diem Gauss
wty=weights(inty,2) ;
% trong so cua diem Gauss theo phuong
y
% tinh cac ham dang va dao ham ham dang tai cac diem Gauss
[shape,dhdr,dhds]=Shape_Func_4node(x,y);
jacob2=jacob_2D(nnel,dhdr,dhds,xcoord,ycoord); % tinh ma tran
Jacobian
detjacob=det(jacob2);
% dinh thuc ma tran Jacobian
invjacob=inv(jacob2);
% nghich dao ma tran Jacobian matrix
% xac dinh dao ham ham dang trong he truc vat ly
for i=1:nnel
dhdx(i)=invjacob(1,1)*dhdr(i)+invjacob(1,2)*dhds(i);
dhdy(i)=invjacob(2,1)*dhdr(i)+invjacob(2,2)*dhds(i);
end
% xac dinh ma tran bien dang chuyen vi cac thanh phan cat
B_s=Bs_matrix(nnel,dhdx,dhdy,shape);
%---------------------------------------% tinh ma tran do cung phan tu cat
%---------------------------------------ks=ks+B_s'*D_s*B_s*wtx*wty*detjacob;
end
end
% ket thuc doan CT tinh tich phan so
%-------------------------------% tinh ma tran do cung phan tu
%-------------------------------k=kb+ks;
% xac dinh bang ghep boi phan tu
index=sys_elm_dof_assoc(nd,nnel,ndof);
kk=kk_build_2D(kk,k,index); % ghep noi phan tu
end
%----------------------------% ap dat cac dieu kien bien
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
227
%----------------------------[kk,ff]=boundary_aply_2D(kk,ff,bcdof,bcval);
%---------------------------% giai he phuong trinh PTHH
%---------------------------disp=kk\ff;
num=1:1:sdof;
displace=[num' disp]
% in ket qua
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
228
%-------------------------------------------------------------------------function [B_b]=Bb_matrix(nnel,dhdx,dhdy)
%-------------------------------------------------------------------------% Muc dich:
% xac dinh ma tran chuyen vi bien dang cua cac thanh phan bien
dang uon
% theo ly thuyet chuyen vi bac nhat co ke den bien dang cat
% Cu phap:
% [B_b]=Bb_matrix(nnel,dhdx,dhdy)
% Mo ta ca cac bien
% nnel - so nut cua phan tu
% dhdx dao ham ham dang theo x
% dhdy - dao ham ham dang theo y
%-------------------------------------------------------------------------for i=1:nnel
i1=(i-1)*3+1;
i2=i1+1;
i3=i2+1;
B_b(1,i1)=dhdx(i);
B_b(2,i2)=dhdy(i);
B_b(3,i1)=dhdy(i);
B_b(3,i2)=dhdx(i);
B_b(3,i3)=0;
end
%-----------------------------------------------------------------------function [B_s]=Bs_matrix(nnel,dhdx,dhdy,shape)
%-----------------------------------------------------------------------% Muc dich:
% xac dinh ma tran chuyen vi bien dang cua cac thanh phan bien
dang cat
% theo ly thuyet chuyen vi bac nhat co ke den bien dang cat
% Cu phap:
% [B_s]=Bs_matrix(nnel,dhdx,dhdy,shape)
% Mo ta cac bien:
% nnel - so nut cua phan tu
% dhdx dao ham ham dang theo x
% dhdy - dao ham ham dang theo y
% shape ham dang
%-----------------------------------------------------------------------for i=1:nnel
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
229
i1=(i-1)*3+1;
i2=i1+1;
i3=i2+1;
B_s(1,i1)=-shape(i);
B_s(1,i3)=dhdx(i);
B_s(2,i2)=-shape(i);
B_s(2,i3)=dhdy(i);
end
Kt qu s
displace =
Chuyn v nt
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
Gi tr
0
0
0
0
0.0054
0
0
0.0064
0
0.0054
0
0
0.0026
0.0026
0.4032
0
0.0043
0.5345
0.0064
0
0
0.0043
0
0.5345
0
0
0.7490
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
230
7. BI TP
hL3
hL
48 EJ 4GS *
Trong : G l modul n hi trt ; S* l tit din chu ct thc t:
5
S* S .
6
Gi : c th dng m hnh dm hoc m hnh tm (chu c ko nn v
un), v ch tnh i xng ca kt cu.
w
y
b=100mm
h=5mm
x
L =500mm
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
231
(a)
p
(b)
(c)
Hnh 11.7.2
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
232
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
233
Chng 12
PHN T HU HN
TRONG TNH TON VT LIU, KT CU COMPOSITE
1. GII THIU
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
234
Nn nha
(b)
Lp si ng phng
(c)
Lp si trc hng
Hnh 12.1. Lp vt liu composite
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
235
= Bq
(12.2)
trong B l ma trn lin h gia bin dng v chuyn v, l hm ca
cc to nt ca cc phn t.
3.
Quan h n hi tuyn tnh gia ng sut vi bin dng:
= D
(12.3)
trong D l ma trn n hi ph thuc qui lut ng x ca vt liu.
R rng, ta cn phi bit qui lut ng x ca mt vt liu
composite cn tnh ton, c ngha l phi bit ma trn D. Di y ta s
lm quen vi ma trn D ca lp composite trc hng v ng hng
ngang chu trng thi ng sut phng.
3.1.
Q12
Q12
0
0 1
0 2
Q66 12
(12.4)
=D
(12.5)
trong :
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
236
Q11
D Q12
0
Q12
Q12
0
0
0
Q66
(12.6)
vi
Q11
E1
21 E1
; Q12
1 12 21
1 12 21
(12.7)
E2
Q22
; Q66 G12
1 12 21
y, E1, E2, 12 v G12 l bn mun k thut c lp ca lp vt liu
composite.
Lp composite trc hng v ng hng ngang lch trc
z3
y
x
x cos 2
2
y sin
sin cos
xy
sin 2
2
cos
sin cos
2 sin cos 1
2 sin cos 2
cos 2 sin 2 12
(12.8)
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
237
2
1 cos
2
2 sin
2 sin cos
12
sin 2
2
cos
2 sin cos
sin cos x
sin cos y
cos2 sin 2 xy
(12.9)
x Q'11
y Q '12
Q '
xy 16
Q'12
Q'12
Q ' 26
Q '16 x
Q' 26 y
Q' 66 xy
(12.10)
=D
(12.11)
trong
Q'11
D Q '12
Q '16
Q '12
Q '12
Q' 26
Q'16
Q' 26
Q '66
(12.12)
vi:
Q '11 Q11 cos 4 Q22 sin 4 2Q12 2Q66 cos 2 sin 2
Q '66 Q66 cos 4 sin 4 Q11 Q22 2Q12 Q66 cos 2 sin 2
3.2.
V d
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
238
t
2
p
a
(a)
2
(b)
1
1
2
2
3
5
4
6
5
7
6
8
k e tABT DB
trong t = 9,15 mm, l dy phn t
A = 6106 mm2 l din tch phn t
B c xc nh theo cng thc (6.31) - Chng 6:
y 23
1
B
0
det J
x32
0
x32
y31
0
0
x13
y12
0
y 23
x13
y31
x21
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
0
x21
y12
239
1
K 34
1
K 44
1
K 35
1
K 45
1
K 54
1
K 55
K 332
1
K 64
1
K 65
K 432
1
K 36
1
K 46
1
K 56
K 342
1
K 66
K 442
5. Tnh lc qui i v nt
p dng cng thc (6.47) - Chng 6, ta c:
3500
0
F
N
3500
0
6. H phng trnh PTHH
Vi iu kin bin trn, ta thit lp c h phng trnh PTHH nh
sau:
162,7 63 28,3 25,2 Q3 3500
63
126
37,8 75,6 Q4 0
10 3
0
126 Q6 0
25,2 75,6
4
Q
270
,
51
10
5
Q6 40,106 10 4
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
240
z
y
hk
hk-1
Lp th k
x
Hnh 12.4. S ha vt liu composite lp
a.
Trng chuyn v
(12.13)
w( x, y, z ) w 0 ( x, y )
Trng chuyn v Mindlin ph thuc vo 5 hm s c lp: u0, v0, w0,
x v y. Trong : u0, v0 v w0 l cc chuyn v ca mt trung bnh;
x, y l cc chuyn v gc quanh cc trc y v x tng ng.
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
241
b.
0
0
xy (u ' y v' x ) z ( x ' y y ' x )
0
0
xz w' x x ; yz w' y y
(12.14)
x x0 z x ; y y0 z y
(12.15)
x0 u 0 , x ; y0 v 0 , y ; xy0 u 0 , y v 0 , x
(12.16)
x x , x ; y y , y ; xy x , y y , x
(12.17)
xz0 w0 , x x ; yz0 w0 , y y
(12.18)
Trng ng sut
'
'
'
0
0 y
C12 C 22 C 26
y
'
xy C16' C 26
(12.19)
0
0 xy
C66'
0
0
0 C44' C 45' yz
0
yz
0
'
0
xz
0
0 C 45
C55' k xz k
k
C 'ij l cc hng s ca ma trn cng ca lp k trong h trc chung
(Oxyz), c xc nh nh sau:
C ' T1CT
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
(12.20)
242
2
2
2 sin cos
cos
0
sin
1
2
2
T sin cos sin cos cos sin
0
0
0
0
cos
0
0
0
sin
sin
cos
0
0
0
(12.21)
2
2
cos
sin cos
0
0
sin
T 2 sin cos 2sin cos cos2 sin 2
0
0
0
0
0
cos sin
0
0
0
sin cos
(12.22)
E2 E3
; C12
E1 E3
; C13
E1 E2
1 13 23
21 13
1 12 21
; C 23 23
; C33
E1 E3
E1 E2
E1 E2
C 44 G23 ; C55 G13 ; C 66 G12
C14 C15 C16 C24 C25 C26 C34 C35 C36 C45 C54 0
1 12 21 23 32 13 31 2 21 32 13
E1 E2 E3
C 22
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
243
d.
Cc thnh phn ni lc
Tch phn biu thc (12.19) theo chiu dy tm, nhm a bi ton
ba chiu v bi ton hai chiu, ta nhn c cc thnh phn ni lc nh
sau:
Lc mng, mmen un v mmen xon:
Nx
M N y
N
xy
M x n hk x
M y y 1 z dz
k 1 hk 1
M xy
xy
(12.23)
A45 yz0
A55 xz0
(12.24)
vi:
n
(12.25)
(12.26)
(12.27)
5 n
4
1
4 k 1
3
h
(12.28)
trong :
Aij
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
244
e.
M x B11
M y B12
M xy B16
Q 0
y
Qx 0
A12
A16
B11
B12
B16
A22 A26
B12
B22
B26
A26
A66
B16
B26
B66
B12
B16
D11 D12
D16
A44
A45
A45
A55
x0
0
y
xy0
x
y
xy
0
yz0
xz
(12.29)
Q 0
B 0 m
D 0
0 A' 0
(12.30)
trong :
A =[Aij] (i, j =1, 2, 6) l ma trn cng mng; D l ma trn
cng un; B l ma trn tng tc mng-un-xon; A =[Aij] (i, j
=4, 5) l ma trn cng ct. Cc phn t ca chng c xc
nh theo cc biu thc:
n
(12.31a)
k 1
Bij
1 n '
Qij k (hk2 hk21 )
2 k 1
(12.31b)
Dij
1 n '
Qij k (hk3 hk31 )
3 k 1
(12.31c)
m x0 0y xy0 T
0
yz
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
245
4.2.
di u 0 i
v 0i
w0 i y i x i
(12.32)
qi 1
qi 2
qi 3
qi 4
(12.33)
d u0
v0
w0 y
(12.34)
d Ni di
(12.35)
i 1
1
1 1
4
1 1 1 1 1 1
N ' 4 1 1 1 1
N ' 1 1 1 1 1
(12.36a)
(12.36b)
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
246
f f x f y
x y
f f x f y
x y v
(12.38)
f
f
x
f J f
y
(12.39)
Hay
J 11
J x
21
i 1
4
i 1
N i
xi ;
J 12
N i
N i
x
xi ; J 22
yi
i 1
i 1
(12.40)
N i
yi
1
1 x1 1 1 x2 1 1 x3 1 1 x4
4
4
4
4
(12.41a)
J 12
1
1 y1 1 1 y 2 1 1 y3 1 1 y4
4
4
4
4
(12.41b)
J 21
1
1 x1 1 1 x2 1 1 x3 1 1 x4
4
4
4
4
(12.41c)
1
1 y1 1 1 y 2 1 1 y3 1 1 y4
4
4
4
4
V quan h ngc:
J 22
f
f
x
1
1
f J f
det J
y
J 22
J
21
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
(12.41d)
f
J 12
J 11 f
(12.42)
247
(12.43)
0 0 0
0 0 00
;
L1 0
0 0 0 L2 0 0 0
0 0 0
y x 0 0 0
0 0
0 1
;
y
L3
0 0 x 1 0
0
x
0
y
y x
(12.44)
aT
d1
d2
d3
d4
(12.45)
Khi , cc thnh phn bin dng c biu din qua vct chuyn v
nt phn t nh sau:
4
L d L N d
m
B1a
(12.46a)
B2 a
(12.46b)
L3 N i d i B3 a
(12.46c)
i 1
4
L d L N d
2
i 1
L q
0
4
i 1
B1 L1 N1
L1 N 2
B2 L 2 N 1
L2 N2
L2 N3
L2 N4
(12.47b)
B3 L 3 N 1
L3 N2
L3 N3
L3 N 4
(12.47c)
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
L1 N 3
L1 N 4
(12.47a)
248
c.
Ue
1 T
dV
2 V
(12.49)
1
2 S
h
2
y y xy xy yz yz xz xz dzdS
(12.50)
(12.51)
dS
A ' 0
(12.52)
(12.53)
1 T e
a k a
2
(12.54)
T
1
(12.55)
Se
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
249
d.
Vct lc nt phn t
(12.56)
Se
Se
B p B p1
B p2
B p3
Bp4
(12.57)
vi:
1
1 1 0 0
4
(12.58a)
1 1 0 0
L p 2 0 0
4
(12.58b)
1
1 1 0 0
4
(12.58c)
1 1 0 0
L p 4 0 0
4
(12.58d)
L p1 0 0
L p 3 0 0
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
250
bng khng.
p
y
x
h
(a)
x
22
21
16
11
13
9
17
12
23
14
10
6
6
1
1
18
13
2
2
15
11
7
25
24
19
14
9
3
3
16
12
8
20
15
10
4
4
b
(b)
Hnh 12.5. (a). S ho tm composite ch nht chu un
(b). Li 44 phn t trn tm ch nht
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
251
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
252
clear
noe_x=4;
% so luong phan tu theo phuong x
noe_y=4;
% so luong phan tu theo phuong y
noe=noe_x*noe_y;
% tong so phan tu cua he
nnel=4;
% so luong nut cua phan tu
ndof=5;
% so bac tu do cua nut
nnode=(noe_x+1)*(noe_y+1);
% tong so nut cua he
sdof=nnode*ndof;
% tong so bac tu do cua ca he
edof=nnel*ndof;
% so bac tu do cua moi phan tu
lop=254;
% kich thuoc (chieu dai) tam (mm)
ratio_b_a=2;
wop=lop*ratio_b_a;
% kich thuoc (chieu rong) tam (mm)
ratio_h_a=0.05;
nol_p=4;
% so lop vat lieu
top = lop*ratio_h_a;
% chieu day tam
aol_p=[0 90*pi/180 90*pi/180 0];
% cac goc dat cot (radial)
nog_xb=2; nog_yb=2;
% 2x2 diem Gauss-Legendre cho TP uon
nog_b=nog_xb*nog_yb; % tong so diem Gauss
nog_xs=1; nog_ys=1;
% 1x1 Gauss-Legendre cho TP cat
nog_s=nog_xs*nog_ys; % tong so diem Gauss
%-----------------------------------------% du lieu tinh chat cau vat lieu lop
%-----------------------------------------type_material=1;
% chon 1 trong cac loai vat lieu
switch (type_material)
case 1
emodule_1=175.0e3;
% modul dan hoi E_1 (N/mm^2)
emodule_2=emodule_1/25;
% modul dan hoi E_2
emodule_3=emodule_2;
% modul dan hoi E_3
gmodule_12=0.5*emodule_2; % modul dan hoi truot G_12
gmodule_13=gmodule_12;
% modul dan hoi truot G_13
gmodule_23=0.2*emodule_2; % modul dan hoi truot G_23
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
253
% He so Poisson
nuy_12 = 0.25; nuy_13 = 0.25; nuy_23 = 0.45;
case 2
emodule_1=144.8e3;
emodule_2=9.65e3;
emodule_3=emodule_2;
gmodule_12=4.14e3;
gmodule_13=gmodule_12;
gmodule_23=3.45e3;
nuy_12 = 0.3;
nuy_13 = 0.3;
nuy_23 = 0.49;
case 3
emodule_1=19.2*psi_Pa;
emodule_2=1.56*psi_Pa;
emodule_3=emodule_2;
gmodule_12=0.82*psi_Pa;
gmodule_13=gmodule_12;
gmodule_23=0.49*psi_Pa;
nuy_12 = 0.24;
nuy_13 = 0.24;
nuy_23 = 0.49;
end
%---------------------------% tai trong gay uon phan bo deu
%---------------------------p=13.8e-3;
% tai trong phan bo deu (N/mm^2)
%--------------------------------------------% du lieu toa do nut gcoord(i,j)
% trong do, i la chi so nut va j=1, chi toa do x va j=2 chi toa do y
%--------------------------------------------len_x_elm = lop/noe_x;
len_y_elm = wop/noe_y;
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
254
for row_index=1:noe_y+1
for col_index=1:noe_x+1
gcoord(((row_index-1)*(noe_x+1)+col_index),1) =
(col_index-1)*len_x_elm;
gcoord(((row_index-1)*(noe_x+1)+col_index),2) =
(row_index-1)*len_y_elm;
end
end
%--------------------------------------------------------% Tinh do cao tam lop cua cac lop vat lieu
%--------------------------------------------------------z_p(1)= -top/2.0;
for k=1:nol_p
tol_p(k)=top/nol_p;
% do day cua cac lop deu nhau (mm)
z_p(k+1)=z_p(k)+tol_p(k);
end
%--------------------------------------------------------% du lieu cua mang chi so nut tong the cua moi phan tu
% nodes(i,j), trong do i la chi so phan tu, j la chi so nut
%--------------------------------------------------------% nodes=[1 2 5 4; 2 3 6 5; 4 5 8 7; 5 6 9 8]; % 4 phan tu 4 nut.
for row=1:noe_y
for col=1:noe_x
elm=(row-1)*noe_x+col;
nodes(elm,1)= (row-1)+elm;
nodes(elm,2)= nodes(elm,1)+1;
nodes(elm,4)= nodes(elm,1)+(noe_x+1);
nodes(elm,3)= nodes(elm,4)+1;
end
end
%-------------------------------------------% dieu kien bien
%--------------------------------------------
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
255
i=1;
for node_indx=1:nnode
temp_n=(node_indx-1)*5;
% cac bien x=0 va x=a
if ((gcoord(node_indx,1)= =0)||(gcoord(node_indx,1)= =lop))
bcdof(i)=temp_n+2; % v_i
i=i+1;
bcdof(i)=temp_n+3; % w_i
i=i+1;
bcdof(i)=temp_n+5; % teta_x_i
i=i+1;
end
% cac bien y=0 va y=b
if ((gcoord(node_indx,2)==0)||(gcoord(node_indx,2)==wop))
bcdof(i)=temp_n+1; % u_i =0
i=i+1;
% tranh cap nhat cac nut goc
if ((gcoord(node_indx,1)~= 0)&&(gcoord(node_indx,1)~=lop))
bcdof(i)=temp_n+3;
i=i+1;
end
bcdof(i)=temp_n+4;
i=i+1;
end
end
bcval=zeros(size(bcdof)); % gia tri cac chuyen vi nut bi rang buoc =
0
%---------------------------------------------% khoi tao cac vec to va ma tran
%---------------------------------------------ff=zeros(sdof,1);
kk=zeros(sdof,sdof);
disp=zeros(sdof,1);
% vecto chuyen vi nut tong the
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
256
index=zeros(edof,1);
A=zeros(3,3);
% ma tran do cung mang
B=zeros(3,3);
% ma tran tuong tac mang-uon-xoan
D=zeros(3,3);
% ma tran do cung uon
A_t=zeros(2,2);
% ma tran do cung cat
%------------------------------------------------------------------------------% tinh ma tran do cung phan tu, vecto luc nut va ghep noi phan tu
%------------------------------------------------------------------------------%
% voi cac thanh phan gay uon
% xac dinh toa do va trong so cac diem gauss
[pointb,weightb]=Gauss_Point_2D(nog_xb,nog_yb);
% voi cac thanh phan gay cat
% xac dinh toa do va trong so cac diem gauss
[points,weights]=Gauss_Point_2D(nog_xs,nog_ys);
% tinh cac ma tran do cung vat lieu
[A, B, D, A_t]=ABD_matrix(emodule_1,emodule_2,emodule_3,...
gmodule_12,gmodule_13,gmodule_23,
nuy_12,nuy_13,nuy_23,nol_p,aol_p,
z_p);
for iel=1:noe
% xet tung phan tu
for i=1:nnel
nd(i)=nodes(iel,i);
% chi so tong nut the cua phan tu (iel)
xcoord(i)=gcoord(nd(i),1); % toa do nut (phuong x)
ycoord(i)=gcoord(nd(i),2); % toa do nut (phuong y)
end
k=zeros(edof,edof);
f=zeros(edof,1);
kb=zeros(edof,edof);
ks=zeros(edof,edof);
%-----------------------------------------------------% tinh tich phan so cac thanh phan uon
%------------------------------------------------------
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
257
for intx=1:nog_xb
x=pointb(intx,1);
% toa do diem Gauss (phuong x)
wtx=weightb(intx,1);
% trong so diem Gauss (phuong x)
for inty=1:nog_yb
y=pointb(inty,2);
% toa do diem Gauss (phuong y)
wty=weightb(inty,2) ;
% trong so diem Gauss (phuong y)
% tinh cac ham dang va dao ham tai cac diem Gauss
[shape,dhdr,dhds]=Shape_Func_4node(x,y);
% tinh ma tran Jacobian
jacob2=jacob_2D(nnel,dhdr,dhds,xcoord,ycoord);
detjacob=det(jacob2);
% dinh thuc ma tran Jacobian
invjacob=inv(jacob2);
% nghich dao ma tran Jacobian
% xac dinh dao ham ham dang trong he toa do vat ly
for i=1:nnel
dhdx(i)=invjacob(1,1)*dhdr(i)+invjacob(1,2)*dhds(i);
dhdy(i)=invjacob(2,1)*dhdr(i)+invjacob(2,2)*dhds(i);
end
% xac dinh ma tran chuyen vi bien dang
[B1, B2]=Bb_matrix_com1(nnel,dhdx,dhdy);
B_p= Bp_matrix_com1(nnel,shape,edof);
%-------------------------------------------% tinh ma tran do cung ung voi thanh phan uon
%-------------------------------------------kb=kb+(B1'*A*B1+B1'*B*B2+B2'*B*B1+B2'*D*B2)
*wtx*wty*detjacob;
%-------------------------------------------% tinh vecto luc nut phan tu
%-------------------------------------------f=f+B_p'*wtx*wty*detjacob*p;
end
end
% ket thuc doan chuong trinh tich phan so
%-----------------------------------------------------% tinh tich phan so cac thanh phan cat
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
258
%-----------------------------------------------------for intx=1:nog_xs
x=points(intx,1);
wtx=weights(intx,1);
for inty=1:nog_ys
y=points(inty,2);
wty=weights(inty,2) ;
% tinh cac ham dang va dao ham tai cac diem Gauss
[shape,dhdr,dhds]=Shape_Func_4node(x,y);
% tinh ma tran Jacobian
jacob2=jacob_2D(nnel,dhdr,dhds,xcoord,ycoord);
detjacob=det(jacob2);
% dinh thuc ma tran Jacobian
invjacob=inv(jacob2);
% nghich dao ma tran Jacobian
% xac dinh dao ham ham dang trong he toa do vat ly
for i=1:nnel
dhdx(i)=invjacob(1,1)*dhdr(i)+invjacob(1,2)*dhds(i);
dhdy(i)=invjacob(2,1)*dhdr(i)+invjacob(2,2)*dhds(i);
end
% xac dinh ma tran chuyen vi bien dang
B_s=Bs_matrix_com1(nnel,dhdx,dhdy,shape);
%---------------------------------------% tinh ma tran do cung ung voi thanh phan cat
%---------------------------------------ks=ks+B_s'*A_t*B_s*wtx*wty*detjacob;
end
end
% ket thuc doan chuong trinh tich phan so
%-------------------------------% tinh ma tran do cung phan tu
%-------------------------------k=kb+ks;
% xay dung bang ghep noi phan tu
index=sys_elm_dof_assoc(nd,nnel,ndof);
kk=kk_build_2D(kk,k,index); % ghep noi ma tran do cunng tong
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
259
the
ff=ff_build_2D(ff,f,index);
end
%-----------------------------------% ap dat dieu kien bien
%-----------------------------------[kk,ff]=boundary_aply_2D(kk,ff,bcdof,bcval);
%--------------------------------% giai he phuong trinh PTHH
%--------------------------------disp=kk\ff;
for node=1:nnode
displace(node)=disp((node-1)*5+3);
end
num=1:1:nnode;
Result=[num' displace']
% in ket qua
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
260
function [A, B, D,
A_t]=ABD_matrix(emodule_1,emodule_2,emodule_3,...
gmodule_12,gmodule_13,gmodule_23,
nuy_12,nuy_13,nuy_23,nol_p,aol_p, z_p)
%-----------------------------------------------------------------------% Muc dich:
% xac dinh cac ma tran do cung vat lieu composite lop
% Cu phap:
% [A, B, D]=ABD_matrix(emodule_1,emodule_2,emodule_3,...
% gmodule_12,gmodule_13,gmodule_23,
% nuy_12,nuy_13,nuy_23,nol_p,aol_p)
%-----------------------------------------------------------------------% Tinh toan cac ma tran do cung cua cac lop
nuy_21 = nuy_12*emodule_2/emodule_1;
nuy_31 = nuy_13*emodule_3/emodule_1;
nuy_32 = nuy_23*emodule_3/emodule_2;
temp_delta = 1-nuy_12*nuy_21;
U1=(emodule_1+emodule_2+2*nuy_12*emodule_2)/(8*temp_delta);
U2=(temp_delta*gmodule_12-nuy_12*emodule_2)/(2*temp_delta);
U3=(emodule_1-emodule_2)/(2*temp_delta);
U4=(emodule_1+emodule_2-2*nuy_12*emodule_24*temp_delta*gmodule_12)/(8*temp_delta);
for k=1:nol_p
% C(k,i,j): the k layer, i row, j column of hardness coefficient matrix
C(1,1,k)=3*U1+U2+U3*cos(2*aol_p(k))+U4*cos(4*aol_p(k));
C(2,2,k)=3*U1+U2-U3*cos(2*aol_p(k))+U4*cos(4*aol_p(k));
C(1,2,k)=U1-U2-U4*cos(4*aol_p(k));
C(2,1,k)=C(1,2,k);
C(3,3,k)=U1+U2-U4*cos(4*aol_p(k));
C(1,3,k)=0.5*U3*sin(2*aol_p(k))+U4*sin(4*aol_p(k));
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
261
C(3,1,k)=C(1,3,k);
C(2,3,k)=0.5*U3*sin(2*aol_p(k))-U4*sin(4*aol_p(k));
C(3,2,k)=C(2,3,k);
C(4,4,k)=cos(aol_p(k))*cos(aol_p(k))*gmodule_13 +
sin(aol_p(k))*sin(aol_p(k))*gmodule_23;
C(5,5,k)=sin(aol_p(k))*sin(aol_p(k))*gmodule_13 +
cos(aol_p(k))*cos(aol_p(k))*gmodule_23;
C(4,5,k)=cos(aol_p(k))*sin(aol_p(k))*
(gmodule_13-gmodule_23);
C(5,4,k)=C(4,5,k);
end
for i=1:5
for j=1:5
Temp1(i,j)=0;
Temp2(i,j)=0;
Temp3(i,j)=0;
for k=1:nol_p
Temp1(i,j) = Temp1(i,j) + C(i,j,k)*(z_p(k+1)-z_p(k));
Temp2(i,j) = Temp2(i,j) + C(i,j,k)*((z_p(k+1)^2)-(z_p(k)^2))/2;
Temp3(i,j) = Temp3(i,j) + C(i,j,k)*((z_p(k+1)^3)-(z_p(k)^3))/3;
end
end
end
for i=1:3
for j=1:3
A(i,j) = Temp1(i,j);
B(i,j) = Temp2(i,j);
D(i,j) = Temp3(i,j);
end
end
for i=1:2
for j=1:2
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
262
A_t(i,j) = Temp1(i+3,j+3)*5.0/6.0;
% 5/6 He so hieu chinh
end
end
%-------------------------------------------------------------------------%-------------------------------------------------------------------------function [B1,B2]=Bb_matrix_com1(nnel,dhdx,dhdy)
%-------------------------------------------------------------------------% Muc dich:
% xac dinh cac ma tran chuyen vi bien dang
% cua cac thanh phan chuyen vi uon va do cong
% Cu phap:
% [B1, B2]=Bb_matrix_com1(nnel,dhdx,dhdy)
% Mo ta cac bien:
% nnel so nut cua phan tu
% dhdx dao ham ham dang theo x
% dhdy - dao ham ham dang theo y
%-------------------------------------------------------------------------for row =1:3
for col=1:nnel*5
B1(row,col)=0;
B2(row,col)=0;
end
end
for i=1:nnel
i1=(i-1)*5+1;
i2=i1+1;
i3=i1+3;
i4=i3+1;
B1(1,i1)=dhdx(i);
B1(2,i2)=dhdy(i);
B1(3,i1)=dhdy(i);
B1(3,i2)=dhdx(i);
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
263
B2(1,i3)=dhdx(i);
B2(2,i4)=dhdy(i);
B2(3,i3)=dhdy(i);
B2(3,i4)=dhdx(i);
end
%-----------------------------------------------------------------------function [B_p]=Bp_matrix_com1(nnel,shape,edof)
%-----------------------------------------------------------------------% Muc dich:
% xac dinh vecto dinh vi luc nut phan tu
% Cu phap:
% [B_p]=Bp_matrix_com1(nnel,shape, edof)
% Mo ta cac bien:
% nnel so luong nut cua phan tu
% shape ham dang
% edof - so bac tu do cua phan tu
%-----------------------------------------------------------------------B_p=zeros(1,edof); % khoi tao vecto B_p
for i=1:nnel
ii=(i-1)*5+3;
B_p(1,ii)=shape(i);
end
%-----------------------------------------------------------------------%-----------------------------------------------------------------------function [B_s]=Bs_matrix_com1(nnel,dhdx,dhdy,shape)
%-----------------------------------------------------------------------% Muc dich:
% xac dinh ma tran quan he chuyen vi bien dang
% cua cac thanh phan bien dang cat
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
264
% Cu phap:
% [B_s]=Bs_matrix_com1(nnel,dhdx,dhdy,shape)
% Mo ta cac bien:
% nnel so nut cua phan tu
% dhdx dao ham ham dang theo x
% dhdy - dao ham ham dang theo y
% shape - ham dang
%-----------------------------------------------------------------------for row =1:2
for col=1:nnel*5
B_s(row,col)=0;
end
end
for i=1:nnel
i1=(i-1)*5+3;
i2=i1+2;
i3=i1+1;
B_s(1,i1)=dhdy(i);
B_s(1,i2)=shape(i);
B_s(2,i1)=dhdx(i);
B_s(2,i3)=shape(i);
end
Kt qu s
Result =
Nt s
1
2
3
4
5
vng (mm)
0
0
0
0
0
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
265
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
0
0.0210
0.0291
0.0210
0
0
0.0256
0.0361
0.0256
0
0
0.0210
0.0291
0.0210
0
0
0
0
0
0
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
266
6. BI TP
x
y
sin
;
a
b
p0 1 N / mm
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
267
Chng 13
PHN T HU HN
TRONG BI TON NG LC HC KT CU
1. GII THIU
(13.1)
Nguyn l Haminton
I Ldt
(13.2)
t1
qi
. Khi , cc phng trnh chuyn ng s c vit di
t
dng:
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
268
d L L
0; i 1, 2, , n
dt q i qi
(13.3)
k1
m1
x1 , x1
k2
1
1
2
2
m1 x1 m2 x 2
2
2
1
1
2
2
k1 x1 k 2 x 2 x1
2
2
T
m2
x2 , x 2
d L L
m1 x1 k1 x1 k 2 x2 x1 0
dt x1 x1
d L L
m2 x2 k 2 x2 x1 0
dt x 2 x2
Hoc di dng ma trn:
m1
0
0 x1 k1 k 2
m2 x2 k 2
k 2 x1 0
k 2 x 2 0
MX KX 0
(13.4)
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
269
w, w
dV
v, v
u , u
y
x
Hnh 13.2. Vt c khi lng phn b
Biu thc xc nh th nng trnh by trong (1.9) - Chng 1, cn
ng nng c xc nh bi:
1 T
u u dV
2 V
(13.5)
(13.6)
1 T
q N T N dV q
2 e
(13.9)
(13.10)
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
270
1
1
T Te q T m e q Q T M Q
2
e
e 2
(13.11)
(13.12)
(13.13)
(13.15)
(13.17)
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
271
(13.18)
4.1.
Phn t mt chiu
q2
le
q q1
N N 1
q2
1
N2
2
1
2
(13.19)
Khi :
m e N T N Ae dx
e
4.2.
Ae le 1 T
A l 2 1
N Nd e e
2 1
6 1 2
(13.20)
v
u
q2
1
q1
Hnh 13.4. Phn t gin
Ta c:
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
272
u u v ; q q1
T
q2
q4
q3
(13.21)
0 N2 0
N
N 1
0 N1 0 N 2
Trong N1, N2 cng c xc nh theo (13.19)
Ae le 0
e
m
6 1
4.3.
0 1 0
2 0 1
0 2 0
1 0 2
(13.22)
q6
q3
q4
q5
q6
0 N2 0 N3
N
N 1
0 N1 0 N 2 0
N1 1 ; N1 ; N 3
q2
y
0
N 3
q3
q1
1
x
Ch rng:
1
2
e N1 dA 6 Ae ;
q4
q q1
q5
1
A
t
me e e
12 0
1
0
2
0
1
0
1
1
0
2
0
1
0
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
0
1
0
2
0
1
1
0
1
0
2
0
0
1
0
1
0
(13.23)
273
4.4.
(13.24)
Ch
3
1
dA
Ae
;
10
2
1
N 2 dA
Ae
;
30
N N
1
N 3dA
Ae
;
60
Cui cng ta c
4
3 r1 2r
2r r3
A
e
3
me
10 0
2r r2
2r
r3
3
2r
0
r3
3
r2
3
4
r1 2r
3
4
r2 2r
3
4
r2 2r
3
4
r3 2r
3
2r
r3
3
2r
0
2r
r2
3
2r
r1
3
2r
0
2r
r1
3
r1
3
r2
2r
3
0
r
2r 1
3
0
4
r3 2r
3
(13.25)
Trong :
r
r1 r2 r3
3
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
(13.26)
274
4.5.
Phn t t gic
N
N 1
0
N2
0
0
N1
q2
0
N2
q3
q4
q5
N3
0
0
N3
N4
0
q6
q7
q8
(13.27)
0
N 4
m t e N T N det J d d
(13.28)
1 1
Phn t dm
(13.29)
q1
q3
le
q2
q4
Khi y: m e H T HAe
1
le
d , sau khi ly tch phn, ta c:
2
156
Ae le 22le
e
m
420 54
13le
22le
54
4le
13le
13le
156
3le
22le
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
13le
3le
22le
4l e
(13.30)
275
4.7.
Phn t khung
2
2
2
0
22
4
0
13
3
l
b
l
b
l
b
l
b
e
e
e
e
me '
0
0
2a
0
0
a
0
54b
13le b
0
156b
22le b
2
2
0 13le b 3le b 0 22le b 4le b
(13.31)
vi k hiu:
Ae le
A l
;b e e
6
420
p dng ma trn chuyn v L gii thiu trong Chng 9, ta s
xc nh c ma trn khi lng me ca phn t khung trong h to
chung bi:
a
me LT m e ' L
(13.32)
5. V D
1
1
l1=l
2
2
l2=l
Hnh 13.7
Li gii
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
276
24 0
0 8l 2
EJ
l3
Al 312 0
420 0 8l 2
Cui cng ta thit lp c phng trnh
M
EJ
l3
0 U 3
24 0 U 3
2 Al 312
0 8l 2 U 420 0 8l 2 U
1 32,31
EJ
EJ
2
; 2 420
4
Al
Al 4
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
277
A-A
1
1
2
2
3
3
1m
A-A
4
5
0,02
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
278
g_module=40*10^9;
% modul dan hoi truot
tleng=1;
% chieu dai dam
leng=tleng/noe;
% chieu dai cac phan tu (deu nhau)
h=0.02;
% chieu cao mat cat dam
b=0.02;
% chieu rong mt cat dam
rho=1000;
% trong luong rieng vat lieu dam
bcdof(1)=1;
% bac tu do thu 1 tai nut 1 bi rang buoc theo dieu kien
bien
bcdof(2)=2;
% bac tu do thu 2 tai nut 1 bi rang buoc theo dieu kien
bien
bcdof(3)=3;
% bac tu do thu 3 tai nut 1 bi rang buoc theo dieu kien
bien
kk=zeros(sdof,sdof); % khoi tao ma tran do cung tong the
mm=zeros(sdof,sdof); % khoi tao ma tran khoi luong tong the
index=zeros(edof,1); % khoi tao bang ghep noi
for iel=1:noe
% xet tuing phan tu trong he
% xay dung bang ghep noi
start = (iel-1)*(nnel-1)*ndof;
for i=1:edof
index(i)=start+i;
end
% tinh ma tran do cung phan tu va ma tran khoi luong phan tu
[k,m]=beam_elm_3(e_module,g_module,leng,h,b,rho);
% ghep noi ma tran do cung
kk=kk_build_2D(kk,k,index);
% ghep noi ma tran khoi luong
mm=kk_build_2D(mm,m,index);
end
%---------------------------------% ap dat dieu kien bien
%---------------------------------[kn,mn]=boundary_aply_beam(kk,mm,bcdof);
fsol=eig(kn,mn); % giai he phuong trinh tri rieng va in ket qua
fsol=sqrt(fsol)
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
279
function [k,m]=beam_elm_3(e_module,g_module,leng,h,b,rho)
%-------------------------------------------------------------% Muc dich:
% Xac dinh ma tran do cung va ma tran khoi luong phan tu
% cua phan tu dam, voi cac chuyen vi nut chi la chuyen vi dai
% vecto chuyen vi phan tu: {u_1_b u_1_t v_1 u_2_b u_2_t v_2}
% Cu phap:
% [k,m]=beam_elm_3(e_module,g_module,leng,h,b,rho)
% Mo ta cac bien:
% k ma tran do cung phan tu (kich thuoc 6x6)
% m ma tran khoi luong phan tu (kich thuoc 6x6)
% e_module modul dan hoi
% g_module modul cat
% leng chieu dai phan tu
% h, b chieu cao va chieu rong mat cat ngang cua dam
% rho trong luong rieng vat lieu dam
%--------------------------------------------------------------% ma tran do cung
a1=(g_module*leng*b)/(4*h);
a2=(g_module*h*b)/leng;
a3=(e_module*h*b)/(6*leng);
a4=g_module*b/2;
k= [ a1+2*a3 -a1+a3 a4 a1-2*a3 -a1-a3 -a4;...
-a1+a3
a1+2*a3 -a4 -a1-a3
a1-2*a3 a4;...
a4
-a4
a2 a4
-a4
-a2;...
a1-2*a3 -a1-a3 a4 a1+2*a3 -a1+a3 -a4;...
-a1-a3
a1-2*a3 -a4 -a1+a3
a1+2*a3 a4;...
-a4
a4
-a2 -a4
a4
a2];
% ma tran khoi luong
m=zeros(6,6);
mass=rho*h*b*leng/4;
m=mass*diag([1 1 2 1 1 2]);
%----------------------------------------------------------------------
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
280
function [kk,mm]=boundary_aply_beam(kk,mm,bcdof)
%---------------------------------------------------------------------% Muc dich:
% Ap dat cac dieu kien bien len he phuong trinh tri rieng
% [kk]{x}=lamda[mm]{x}
% Cu phap:
% [kk,mm]=boundary_aply_beam(kk,mm,bcdof)
% Mo ta cac bien:
% kk ma tran do cung tong the truoc khi ap dat dieu kien bien
% mm - ma tran khoi luong tong the truoc khi ap dat dieu kien bien
% bcdof vecto cac bac tu do chiu rang buoc theo dieu kien bien
%--------------------------------------------------------------------n=length(bcdof);
sdof=size(kk);
for i=1:n
c=bcdof(i);
for j=1:sdof
kk(c,j)=0;
kk(j,c)=0;
mm(c,j)=0;
mm(j,c)=0;
end
mm(c,c)=1;
end
Kt qu s
fsol =
Mode
1
2
3
Tn s (Hz)
200
1260
4040
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
281
10 10 11
A-A
4
1m
3
A-A
0.01m
0,01
1
1
x
Hnh 13.9. Dao ng t do ca khung phng
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
282
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
283
x(8)=0.4; y(8)=1;
x(9)=0.6; y(9)=1;
x(10)=0.8; y(10)=1;
x(11)=1; y(11)=1;
e_module=100*10^9; % modul dan hoi
area=b*h;
% dien tich mat cat ngang
xi=(b*h^3)/12;
% momen quan tinh mat cat ngang
rho=1000;
% khoi luong rieng vat lieu khung
bcdof(1)=1;
% thanh phan u tai nut 1chiu rang buoc boi dieu kien
bien
bcdof(2)=2;
% thanh phan v tai nut 1chiu rang buoc boi dieu kien
bien
bcdof(3)=3;
% goc xoay tai nut 1chiu rang buoc boi dieu kien bien
kk=zeros(sdof,sdof);
mm=zeros(sdof,sdof);
index=zeros(nel*ndof,1);
for iel=1:noe % xet tung phan tu
index=feeldof1(iel,nnel,ndof); % xay dung bang ghep noi phan tu
node1=iel;
% chi so nut tong the cua nut thu 1 phan tu 'iel'
node2=iel+1; % chi so nut tong the cua nut thu 2 cua phan tu 'iel'
x1=x(node1); y1=y(node1); % toa do x, y cua nut thu 1
x2=x(node2); y2=y(node2); % toa do x, y cua nut thu 2
leng=sqrt((x2-x1)^2+(y2-y1)^2); % chieu dai phan tu 'iel'
if (x2-x1)==0; % tinh goc giua truc dia phuong x va truc chung X
beta=pi/2;
else
beta=atan((y2-y1)/(x2-x1));
end
% tinh ma tran do cung phan tu va ma tran khoi luong phan tu
[k,m]=frame_element_2(e_module,xi,leng,area,rho,beta,1);
kk=kk_build_2D(kk,k,index); % ghep noi ma tran do cung tong the
mm=kk_build_2D(mm,m,index); % ghep noi ma tran khoi luong tong
the
end
[kn,mn]=boundary_aply_beam(kk,mm,bcdof); % ap dat dieu kien bien
fsol=eig(kn,mn); % giai he phuong trinh tri rieng
fsol=sqrt(fsol)
% in ket qua
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
284
%-------------------------------------------------------------function
[k,m]=frame_element_2(e_module,xi,leng,area,rho,beta,ipt)
%-------------------------------------------------------------% Muc dich:
% xac dinh ma tran do cung phan tu va ma tran khoi luong phan tu
% cua phan tu khung 2 chieu
% voi vecto chuyen vi {u_1 v_1 theta_1 u_2 v_2 theta_2}
% Cu phap:
% [k,m]=frame_element_2(e_module,xi,leng,area,rho,beta,ipt)
% Mo ta cac bien:
% k ma tran do cung phan tu (kich thuoc 6x6)
% m ma tran khoi luong phan tu (kich thuoc 6x6)
% e_module modul dan hoi
% xi mo men quan tinh cua mat cat ngang
% leng chieu dai phan tu
% area dien tich mat cat ngang cua khung
% rho khoi luong rieng (kg/m^3)
% beta goc nghieng giua truc dia phuong x va truc chung X
%-------------------------------------------------------------------------% ma tran do cung trong he truc dia phuong
a=e_module*area/leng;
c=e_module*xi/(leng^3);
kl=[a 0
0
-a 0
0;...
0 12*c
6*leng*c
0 -12* c 6*leng*c;...
0 6*leng*c 4*leng^2*c 0 -6*leng*c 2*leng^2*c;...
-a 0
0
a 0
0;...
0 -12*c
-6*leng*c
0 12*c -6*leng*c;...
0 6*leng*c 2*leng^2*c 0 -6*leng*c 4*leng^2*c];
% ma tran quay (bien doi he toa do)
r=[ cos(beta) sin(beta) 0 0
0
0;...
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
285
-sin(beta) cos(beta) 0 0
0
0;...
0
0
1 0
0
0;...
0
0
0 cos(beta) sin(beta) 0;...
0
0
0 -sin(beta) cos(beta) 0;...
0
0
0 0
0
1];
% ma tran do cung phan tu tinh trong he truc chung
k=r'*kl*r;
% consistent mass matrix
mm=rho*area*leng/420;
ma=rho*area*leng/6;
ml=[2*ma 0
0
ma 0
0;...
0 156*mm
22*leng*mm 0 54*mm
-13*leng*mm;...
0 22*leng*mm 4*leng^2*mm 0 13*leng*mm
-3*leng^2*mm;...
ma 0
0
2*ma 0
0;...
0 54*mm
13*leng*mm 0 156*mm
-22*leng*mm;...
0 -13*leng*mm -3*leng^2*mm 0
-22*leng*mm 4*leng^2*mm];
% ma tran khoi luong trong he toa do chung
m=r'*ml*r;
Kt qu s
Mode
1
2
3
4
Tn s (Hz)
34
92
455
667
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
286
7. BI TP
A2=900 mm2
x
300 mm
400 mm
Hnh 13.7.1
25 mm
75 mm
800 mm
Hnh 13.7.2
13.3. Bng cch tnh tay v pht trin chng trnh P13_1
xc nh hai tn s dao ng t do thp nht ca h thng trc thp
mang cc bnh rng (coi nh khi lng tp trung) nh ch ra trn Hnh
13.7.3. hai trng hp nh sau:
a. Coi c 3 bi nh cc gi n
b. Mi bi c coi l cc gi mm, cng l 45kN/mm.
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
287
10 kN
5 kN
75mm
45mm
45mm
75mm
Hnh 11.7.3
13.4. Pht trin chng trnh P13_2 xc nh hai tn s dao
ng t do thp nht ca khung thp nh ch ra trn Hnh 13.7.4.
300
30
600
0,5
600
15
Khung thp
Mt ct ngang
Hnh 13.4
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
288
SinhVienKyThuat.Com
289