Cac Tuyet Chieu Giai Nhanh

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11 Tuyt chiu Ha hc
Tuyt chiu s 1
y l 1 chiu thc dng x l cc bi ton hn hp phc tp (hn hp c t 3 cht tr
ln) v dng rt n gin lm cho cc php tnh tr nn n gin, thun tin hn .Rt ph
hp vi hnh thc thi trc nghim
V d minh ha cho k thut 1 : Nung 8,4 gam Fe trong khng kh, sau phn ng thu
c m(g) cht rn X gm: Fe, Fe2O3, Fe3O4, FeO. Ho tan m gam X vo dung dch
HNO3 d thu c 2,24 lt NO2 (ktc) l sn phm kh duy nht. Gi tr m l:
A. 11,2 g.
B. 10,2 g.
C. 7,2g.
D. 6,9 g.
Nhn xt: Vi cc bi ton hn hp phc tp c s cht trong hn hp ln hn 2 cht

ta u c th dng k thut 1 bin i v mt hn hp mi gm 2 cht bt k trong
s cc cht trong hn hp. Trong bi ton trn X c 4 cht nn c 6 cch gii. Ta c
th bin X thnh X gm (Fe; Fe2O3) hoc (Fe; FeO) hoc (FeO; Fe3O4) hoc (Fe;
Fe3O4) hoc (FeO; Fe2O3) hoc (Fe2O3; Fe3O4).
Hng dn gii: Ti ch lm 3 trong 6 cch trn, cc bn c th trin khai cc cch cn li
u cho kt qu ging nhau.
Cch gii 1:
Quy hn hp X thnh X gm (FeO, Fe2O3) mX = mX = mFeO + mFe2O3
Theo bi ra ta c: nFe ban u = 8,4/56 = 0,15 Tng mol Fe trong X cng bng 0,15.
Mt khc:
FeO + 4HNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + NO2 + 2H2O.
0,1 mol
0,1 mol
Ta c nFe ban u = 0,15 mol

2Fe + O2 2FeO
0,1
4Fe
0,1
+
3O2 2Fe2O3
(0,15 - 0,1) = 0,05 0,025

Vy m = 0,1. 72 + 0,025.160 = 11,2g p n A.
.Cch gii 2:
Quy hn hp X thnh X gm (Fe; Fe2O3) mX = mX = mFe + mFe2O3
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11 Tuyt chiu Ha hc
Theo bi ra ta c: Fe + 6HNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + 3NO2 + 3H2O.

0,1/3
0,1
m nFe ban u = 8,4/56 = 0,15 S mol Fe nm trong Fe2O3 l: 0,15 0,1/3 = 0,35/3
nFe2O3 = 0,35/3.2
mX = 0,1/3 . 56 + 0,35/6 . 160 = 11,2 p n A.
Cch gii 3:
Quy hn hp X thnh X gm (Fe; FeO) -> mX = mX = mFe + mFeO
Theo bi ra ta c:
Fe + 6HNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + 3NO2 + 3H2O
a
3a
FeO + 4HNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + NO2 + 2H2O

b
Gi a, b l s mol ca Fe v FeO 3a + b = 0,1 (1) v a + b = 0,15 (2)

T (1) v (2) ta c: a = -0,025 v b = 0,175.
mX = -0,025. 56 + 0,175.72 = 11,2g p n A
Nhn xt: Cc bn hc sinh thn mn! S dng chiu thc s 1 gip ta gii cc bi ton
v hn hp cht rt nhTi; Lm gim s n s (v lm gim s lng cht trong hn hp).
Khi s dng chiu thc ny i khi cc bn s thy xut hin s mol ca cc cht l s
m, khi Ti mong cc bn hy bnh tnh. l s b tr khi lng ca cc cht
cho cc nguyn t c bo ton. Kt qu cui cng ca ton bi s ko thay i. y l
chiu thc s 1 Ti hng dn dng c bn. Nu cc bn bit vn dng chiu thc ny
c 2 dng <c bn + nng cao> th li gii cn ngn gn hn rt nhiu. Dng nng cao
s gip cc bn gii c c hn hp cc cht hu c na. Ti s ging dy nng cao
phn bi ging sau. Thn i cho tm bit.
Bi tp v nh thuc Chiu Thc 1
Cu 1: Nung 8,4gam Fe trong khng kh , sau phn ng thu c m gam cht rn X gm
Fe,Fe2O3,Fe3O4,FeO. Ho tan m gam hn hp X vo dung dch HNO3 d thu c 2,24
lt kh NO2 (ktc) l sn phm kh duy nht. Gi tr ca m l
A:11,2 gam
B: 10,2 gam
C:7,2 gam
D:6,9 gam
11 Tuyt chiu Ha hc
Cu 2: Ho tan ht m gam hn hp X gm Fe2O3,Fe3O4,FeO bng HNO3 c nng thu

c 4,48 lt kh NO2(ktc).C cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c 145,2 gam mui
khan. Gi tr ca m l
A:35,7 gam
B: 46,4 gam
C:15,8 gam
D:77,7 gam
Cu 3: Ho tan hon ton 49,6gam hn hp X gm Fe,Fe2O3,Fe3O4,FeO bng H2SO4 c

nng thu c dung dch Y v 8,96 lt kh SO2(ktc).
a) Phn trm khi lng ca oxi trong hoonx hp X l
A:40,24 %
B: 30,7 %
C: 20,97 %
D: 37,5 %
b) Khi lng mui trong dung dch Y l

A:160 gam
B: 140 gam
C:120 gam
D: 100 gam
Cu 4: kh hon ton 3,04 gam hnn hp X gm Fe2O3,Fe3O4,FeO th cn 0,05 mol

kh H2 .Mt khc ho tan hon ton 3,04 gam hn hp X trong dung dch H2SO4 c nng
th thu c V ml kh SO2(ktc).gi tr ca V l
A:224ml
B: 448ml
C:336ml
D:112ml
Cu 5: Nung m gam bt Fe trong oxi khng kh , sau phn ng thu c 3 gam hn hp

cht rn X. Ho tan ht hn hp X vo dung dch HNO3 d thu c 0,56 lt kh NO
(ktc) l sn phm kh duy nht. Gi tr ca m l
A:2,52 gam
B: 2,22 gam
C:2,62 gam
D:2,32 gam
Cu 6: Hn hp X gm Fe,Fe2O3,Fe3O4,FeO vi s mol moi cht l 0,1 mol . HO tan

ht vo dung dch Y gm (HCl v H2SO4 long) d thu c dung dch Z .Nh t t dung
dch Cu(NO3)2 1M vo dung dch Z cho ti khi ngng thot ra kh NO .Th tch dung
dch Cu(NO3)2 cn dng v th tch kh thot ra ktc thuc phng n no
A:25ml v 1,12 lt
B: 500ml v 22,4 lt
C:50ml v 2,24 lt
D: 50ml v 1,12 lt
11 Tuyt chiu Ha hc
Cu 7: Nung 8,96 gam Fe trong khng kh , sau phn ng thu c hn hp cht rn A

gm Fe2O3,Fe3O4,FeO. A Ho tan va trong dung dch cha o,5 mol HNO3 thu c
kh NO (ktc) l sn phm kh duy nht. S mol kh NO l
A:0,01 mol
B: 0,04 mol
C:0,03 mol
D:0,02 mol
Cu 8: Cho 41,76 gam hn hp A gm FeO, Fe2O3 v Fe3O4 trong s mol FeO = s

mol Fe2O3 tc dng va vi
V lt dung dch cha HCl 1M v H2SO4 0,5M (long). Gi tr ca V l:
A. 0,6 lt
B. 0,7 lt
C. 0,8 lt.
D. Mt kt qu khc.
Tuyt Chiu S 2
Nu nh tuyt chiu s 1 cc bn c tip cn vi mt phng php kh mnh v
gii ton hn hp, th vi tuyt chiu s 2, cc bn s c tip cn mt ngh thut gii
ton rt su sc, gip hc sinh nhm ra kt qu mt cch nhTi nht.
c im ca cc bi ton c gii bng tuyt chiu s 2 l cho mt hn hp gm c
nhiu cht (tng t cc bi tp thuc tuyt chiu s 1) nhng v mt bn cht ch gm 2
hoc 3 nguyn t. V vy, dng tuyt chiu s 2 quy i thng v cc nguyn t tng
ng.
V d 1: cho hn hp X gm Fe, FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4. Khi ta i thnh 1 hn hp
mi X' ch gm Fe v O.
V d 2: cho hn hp X gm Cu2S, CuS, CuO. Khi ta i thnh 1 hn hp mi X'
ch gm Cu, S, O.
V d 3: cho hn hp X gm CuO, Cu, Cu2O. Khi ta i thnh 1 hn hp mi X'
ch gm Cu v O.
.................
V d minh ha 1: Nung m gam bt st trong oxi, thu c 6 gam hn hp cht rn X.
Ho tan ht hn hp X trong dung dch HNO3 (d), thot ra 1,12 lt ( ktc) NO (l sn
phm kh duy nht). Gi tr ca m l:
A. 5,04.
B. 4,44.
C. 5,24.
D. 4,64.
Hng dn gii:
11 Tuyt chiu Ha hc
A. 0,244 lit.
B. 0,672 lit.
C. 2,285 lit.
D. 6,854 lit.
Cu 17: Cho lung khi CO i qua ng s ng 5,8 gam FexOy nung
nong trong mt thi gian thu c hn hp khi X va cht rn Y. Cho
Y tac dung vi dung dich HNO3 d c dung dich Z va 0,784 lit khi
NO (san phm kh duy nht, ktc). C can dung dich Z c 18,15
gam mui khan. Hoa tan Y bng HCl d thy co 0,672 lit khi ( ktc).
Phn trm khi lng cua st trong Y la:
A. 67,44%.
B. 32,56%.
C. 40,72%.
D. 59,28%.
Cu 18: Cho lung khi CO i qua ng s ng 30,4 gam hn hp X
gm Fe2O3 va FeO nung nong trong mt thi gian dai thu c hn
hp cht rn Y. Hoa tan ht Y trong HNO3 va u c dung dich Z.
Nhung thTi ng vao dung dich Z n khi phan ng hoan toan thy
khi lng thTi ng giam 12,8 gam. Phn trm khi lng cua cac
cht trong hn hp X ln lt bng:
A. 33,3% va 66,7%.
B. 61,3% va 38,7%.
C. 52,6% va 47,4%.
D. 75% va 25%.
Cu 19: Hoa tan hoan toan m gam Fe3O4 trong dung dich HNO3, toan
71
11 Tuyt chiu Ha hc
b lng khi NO thoat ra bn trn vi lng O2 va u hn hp

hp thu hoan toan trong nc c dung dich HNO3. Bit th tich Oxi
a tham gia vao qua trinh trn la 336 ml ( ktc). Gia tri cua m la:
A. 34,8 gam.
B. 13,92 gam.
C. 23,2 gam.
D. 20,88 gam.
Cu 20: Thi t t V lit hn hp khi CO va H2 co ti khi hi so vi H2
la 7,5 qua mt ng s ng 16,8 gam hn hp 3 oxit CuO, Fe3O4, Al2O3
nung nong. Sauk hi phan ng thu c hn hp khi va hi co ti khi so
vi H2 la 15,5; dn hn hp khi nay vao dung dich Ca(OH)2 d thy co
5 gam kt tua. Th tich V ( ktc) va khi lng cht rn con lai trong
ng s ln lt la:
A. 0,448 lit; 16,48 gam.
B. 1,12 lit; 16 gam.
C. 1,568 lit; 15,68 gam.
D. 2,24 lit; 15,2 gam.
ap an:
1B - 2C - 3C - 4A - 5A - 6A - 7D - 8B - 9C - 10D
11A - 12C - 13C - 14A - 15B - 16C - 17B - 18C - 19B - 20D.
Tuyt chiu s 11 (Phng Phap ng cheo)

Th hai, 01 Thng 6 2009 06:54 Ti quang dung
72
11 Tuyt chiu Ha hc
Cu 3: Hoa tan 10 gam SO3 vao m gam dung dich H2SO4 49,0% ta c dung
dich H2SO4 78,4%. Gia tri cua m la:
A. 6,67.
B. 7,35.
C. 13,61.
D. 20,0.
Cu 4: thu c 100 gam dung dich FeCl3 30% cn hoa tan a gam tinh th
FeCl3.6H2O vao b gam dung dich FeCl3 10%. Gia tri cua b la:
A. 22,2.
B. 40,0.
C. 60,0.
D. 77,8.
Cu 5: Mt hn hp gm CO va CO2 iu kin tiu chun co ti khi i vi
hidro la 18,2. Thanh phn % v th tich cua CO2 trong hn hp la:
A. 45,0%.
B. 47,5%.
C. 52,5%.
D. 55,0%.
Cu 6: Cn tren 2 th tich metan vi 1 th tich hidrocacbon X thu c hn
hp khi co ti khi hi so vi hidro bng 15. X la:
A. C4H10.
B. C3H8.
C. C4H8.
D. C3H6.
Cu 7: Mt loti khi lo cc (thanh phn chinh la CH4 va H2) co ti khi so vi He la
1,725. Th tich H2 co trong 200,0 ml khi lo cc o la:
81
A. 4,875.
11 Tuyt chiu Ha hc
B. 9,75. C. 14,625. D. 19,5.
Cu 5: Cho 11,36 gam hn hp gm Fe, FeO, Fe2O3 v Fe3O4 phn ng ht vi dung

dch HNO3 long (d), thu c 1,344 lt kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc) v
dung dch X. C cn dung dch X thu c m gam mui khan. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 49,09. B. 38,72. C. 35,5. D. 34,36.
Cu 6: Oxi ha chm m gam Fe ngoi khng kh thu c 12 gam hn hp X gm FeO,
Fe3O4, Fe2O3 v Fe d. Ho tan hon ton X trong HNO3 thu c 2,24 lt NO (cht kh
duy nht, o ktc). Gi tr m l:
A. 7,57. B. 7,75. C. 10,08. D. 10,8.
Cu 7: Cho 13,92 gam hn hp X gm Cu v mt oxit st vo dung dch HNO3 long d
thu c 2,688 lt kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht, o ktc). C cn dung dch sau
phn ng thu c 42,72 gam mui khan. Cng thc ca oxit st l:
A. FeO. B. Fe3O4. C. Fe2O3. D. Khng xc nh c.
Cu 8: t chy 6,72 gam bt Fe trong khng kh thu c m gam hn hp X gm FeO,
Fe3O4, Fe2O3 v Fe d. ho tan X cn dng va ht 255ml dung dch cha HNO3 2M,
thu c V lt kh NO2 (sn phm kh duy nht, o ktc). Gi tr ca m, V ln lt l:
A. 8,4 v 3,36. B. 8,4 v 5,712. C. 10,08 v 3,36. D. 10,08 v 5,712.
Cu 9: Hn hp bt X gm Zn, ZnS v S. Ho tan hon ton 17,8 gam X trong HNO3
nng, d thu c V lt kh NO2 duy nht (ktc) v dung dch Y. Thm t t Ba(OH)2
vo Y thy lng kt ta ti a thu c l 34,95 gam. Gi tr ca V l:
A. 8,96. B. 20,16. C. 22,4. D. 29,12.
Cu 10: Nung m gam bt st trong oxi, thu c 3 gam hn hp cht rn X. Ho tan ht
hn hp X trong dung dch HNO3 (d), thot ra 0,56 lt ( ktc) NO (l sn phm kh
duy nht). Gi tr ca m l:
A. 2,52. B. 2,22. C. 2,62. D. 2,32.
Cu 11: Cho 18,5 gam hn hp gm Fe v Fe3O4 vo 200ml HNO3 un nng. Sau phn
ng thu c 2,24 lt kh NO duy nht (ktc), dung dch D v cn li 1,46 gam kim loi
cha tan. Nng mol ca dung dch HNO3 dng l:
A. 2,7M. B. 3,2M. C. 3,5M. D. 2,9M.
Cu 12: Ho tan hon ton 34,8 gam mt oxit st dng FexOy trong dung dch H2SO4 c,
nng. Sau phn ng thu c 1,68 lt kh SO2 (sn phm kh duy nht, o ktc). Oxit
FexOy l:
A. FeO. B. FeO hoc Fe3O4. C. Fe3O4. D. Khng xc nh c.
11 Tuyt chiu Ha hc
Cu 13: Hn hp X gm Mg, MgS v S. Ho tan hon ton m gam X trong HNO3 c,

nng thu c 2,912 lt kh N2 duy nht (ktc) v dung dch Y. Thm Ba(OH)2 d vo Y
c 46,55 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 4,8. B. 7,2. C. 9,6. D. 12.
Cu 14: Ho tan hon ton 25,6 gam cht rn X gm Fe, FeS, FeS2 v S bng dung dch
HNO3 d, thot ra V lt kh NO duy nht (ktc) v dung dch Y. Thm Ba(OH)2 d vo Y
thu c 126,25 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca V l:
A. 17,92. B. 19,04. C. 24,64. D. 27,58.
Cu 15: Cho hn hp X gm FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4 vi s mol bng nhau. Ly a gam X cho
phn ng vi CO nung nng, sau phn ng trong bnh cn li 16,8 gam hn hp rn Y.
Ho tan hon ton Y trong H2SO4 c, nng thu c 3,36 lt kh SO2 duy nht (ktc).
Gi tr ca a v s mol H2SO4 phn ng ln lt l:
A. 19,2 v 0,87. B. 19,2 v 0,51. C. 18,56 v 0,87. D. 18,56 v 0,51.
Cu 16: Hn hp X c t khi so vi H2 l 27,8 gm butan, metylxiclopropan, but-2-en,
etylaxetilen v ivinyl. Khi t chy hon ton 0,15 mol X, tng khi lng ca CO2 v
H2O thu c l:
A. 34,5 gam. B. 36,66 gam. C. 37,2 gam. D. 39,9 gam.
Cu 17: ho tan hon ton 2,32 gam hn hp gm FeO, Fe3O4 v Fe2O3 (trong s
mol FeO bng s mol Fe2O3), cn dng va V lt dung dch HCl 1M. Gi tr ca V l:
A. 0,08. B. 0,16. C. 0,18. D. 0,23.
Cu 18: Ho tan hon ton 14,52 gam hn hp X gm NaHCO3, KHCO3 v MgCO3
trong dung dch HCl d, thu c 3,36 lt kh CO2 (ktc). Khi lng mui KCl to
thnh trong dung dch sau phn ng l:
A. 8,94 gam. B. 16,17 gam. C. 7,92 gam. D. 12 gam.
Cu 19: Ho tan hon ton m gam hn hp X gm Fe, FeCl2, FeCl3 trong H2SO4 c
nng, thot ra 4,48 lt kh SO2 duy nht (ktc) v dung dch Y. Thm NH3 d vo Y thu
c 32,1 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 16,8. B. 17,75. C. 25,675. D. 34,55.
Tuyt Chiu S 3
Th by, 09 Thng 5 2009 16:16 Ti quang dung
c im nhn dng : Vi tt c cc bi ton m trong c xy ra nhiu
giai on oxi ha khc nhau (thng l 2 giai on) bi cc cht oxi ha khc
11 Tuyt chiu Ha hc
nhau. Khi y, ta c th thay i vai tr oxi ha ca cht oxi ha ny cho cht oxi
ha kia bi ton tr nn n gin hn.
S ca chiu thc:
Cht kh X + Cht oxi ha 1 Sn phm trung gian + Cht oxi ha 2 Sn
phm cui.
Ta i cht oxi ha 2 bng cht oxi ha 1.
* C s ca tuyt chiu s 3 l:
S mol electron cht oxi ha c nhn = s mol electron cht oxi ha mi nhn
Do s thay i tc nhn oxi ha nn c s thay i sn phm sao cho ph hp.
V d minh ha 1: Nung m gam bt st trong oxi, thu c 12 gam hn hp
cht rn X. Ho tan ht hn hp X trong dung dch HNO3 (d), thot ra 2,24 lt (
ktc) NO (l sn phm kh duy nht). Gi tr ca m l:
A. 10,08.
B. 8,88.
C. 10,48.
D. 9,28.
Hng dn gii:
Tm tt:
Fe + O2 X (Fe; FeO; Fe2O3; Fe3O4) + dd HNO3 Fe3+ + NO + H2O
m gam
12 gam
2,24 lt
S ha bng tuyt chiu s 3.

Fe
+ O2 X + O2 Fe2O3.
m gam
2 a (mol)
Gi a l s mol Fe c trong m (g). Theo nguyn l bo ton nguyn t Fe ta c:

S mol ca Fe nm trong Fe2O3 l 2a.
y ta thay vai tr nhn e ca N+5 bng Oxi. Gi y l s mol nguyn t Oxi
trong Fe2O3.
M : N+5 + 3e N+2.
0,3
0,1
O + 2e O-2.
y 2y
10
11 Tuyt chiu Ha hc
Do s mol electron cht oxi ha c nhn = s mol electron cht oxi ha mi nhn
nn 2y = 0,3 y = 0,15.
Mt khc, khi lng Fe2O3 = mX + mO = 12 + 0,15 . 16 = 14,4.
S mol Fe2O3 = 14,4/160 = 0,09.
Vy s mol Fe nm trong Fe2O3 = 0,09 . 2 = 0,18 m = 0,18 . 56 = 10,08 (g)
p n A.
V d minh ha 2: Nung m gam bt Cu trong oxi thu c 74,4 gam hn hp
cht rn X gm Cu, CuO v Cu2O. Ho tan hon ton X trong H2SO4 c nng
thot ra 13,44 lt SO2 duy nht (ktc). Gi tr ca m l:
A. 28,8.
B. 44,16.
C. 42,24.
D. 67,2.
Hng dn gii:
Cu + O2 X (Cu; CuO; Cu2O) + O2 CuO
m(g)
74,4g
a (mol)
Thay vai tr oxi ha ca H2SO4 bng Oxi.

y ta thay vai tr nhn e ca S+6 bng Oxi. Gi y l s mol nguyn t Oxi
trong CuO.
M : S+6 + 2e S+4.
1,2
0,6
O + 2e O-2.
y 2y
Do s mol electron cht oxi ha c nhn = s mol electron cht oxi ha mi nhn
nn 2y = 1,2 y = 0,6.
Mt khc, khi lng CuO = mX + mO = 74,4 + 0,6 . 16 = 84.
S mol CuO = 84/80 = 1,05.
mCu = 1,05 . 64 = 67,2(g) p n D.
Tuyt Chiu S 4 (Tuyt Chiu 3 Dng)
11
11 Tuyt chiu Ha hc
Th by, 09 Thng 5 2009 17:19 Ti quang dung

* C s ca tuyt chiu s 4 (Tuyt chiu 3 dng) l:
S dng nh lut bo ton nguyn t v khi lng.
Nhn xt:
Trong cc phng trnh phn ng ca kim loi, oxit kim loi... vi HNO3 hoc
H2SO4 c nng ta lun c 2 h thc:
- Nu l HNO3: S mol ca H2O = 1/2 s mol ca HNO3 phn ng.
- Nu l H2SO4: S mol ca H2O = s mol ca H2SO4 phn ng.
V d minh ha 1: Cho m gam bt st ra ngoi khng kh sau mt thi gian
ngi ta thu c 12 gam hn hp B gm Fe; FeO; Fe2O3; Fe3O4. Ho tan hn
hp ny bng dung dch HNO3 ngi ta thu c dung dch A v 2,24 lt kh NO
(ktc). Tnh m.
Hng dn gii:
Fe + O2 Cht rn B + HNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + NO + H2O.
m gam
12 gam
x mol
0,1mol
x mol
Gi x l s mol ca Fe c trong m gam. Theo nguyn l bo ton th s mol Fe

c trong Fe(NO3)3 cng l x mol.
Mt khc, s mol HNO3 phn ng = (3x + 0,1) s mol ca H2O = 1/2 s mol
HNO3 = 1/2 (3x + 0,1)
Theo nh lut bo ton khi lng ta c: 12 + 63(3x + 0,1) = 242 . x + 0,1 . 30 +
18. 1/2(3x + 0,1)
x = 0,18 (mol). m = 10,08 (g).
Tuyt chiu s 4 ny c tm p dng rt tng qut, c th x l ht c tt c
cc bi ton thuc cc chiu 1, 2, 3. Trn y Ti ch trnh by mt kha cnh rt
nh b ca tuyt chiu ny. Ti s phn tch k hn cho cc bn trn lp luyn
thi ti cc trung tm. Cc bn ch theo di.
Cc bi tp c th gii bng tuyt chiu ny:
12
11 Tuyt chiu Ha hc
Bi 1: Ho tan hon ton 4,431 gam hn hp Al v Mg trong HNO3 long thu

c dung dch A v 1,568 lt (ktc) hn hp hai kh u khng mu c khi
lng 2,59 gam trong c mt kh b ho nu trong khng kh.
1. Tnh phn trm theo khi lng ca mi kim loi trong hn hp.
2. Tnh s mol HNO3 phn ng.
3. Khi c cn dung dch A th thu c bao nhiu gam mui khan.
Bi 2: Cho m gam bt st ra ngoi khng kh sau mt thi gian ngi ta thu
c 12 gam hn hp B gm Fe; FeO; Fe2O3; Fe3O4. Ho tan hn hp ny bng
dung dch HNO3 ngi ta thu c dung dch A v 2,24 lt kh NO (ktc). Vit
phng trnh phn ng xy ra v tnh m.
Bi 3: Mt hn hp A gm Fe v kim loi R ho tr n khng i c khi lng
14,44 gam. Chia hn hp A thnh 2 phn bng nhau. Ho tan ht phn 1 trong
dung dch HCl thu c 4,256 lt kh H2. Ho tan ht phn 2 trong dung dch
HNO3 thu c 3,584 lt kh NO.
1. Xc nh kim loi R v thnh phn % khi lng mi kim loi trong hn hp A.
2. Cho 7,22 gam A tc dng vi 200ml dung dch B cha Cu(NO3)2 v AgNO3.
Sau phn ng thu c dung dch C v 16,24 gam cht rn D gm 3 kim loi.
Cho D tc dng vi dung dch HCl thu c 1,344 lt H2. Tnh nng mol/l ca
Cu(NO3)2 v AgNO3 trong B; (cc th tch o ktc, phn ng xy ra hon ton).
Bi 4: Nung M gam bt st trong khng kh sau mt thi gian ngi ta thu c
104,8 gam hn hp rn A gm Fe, FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4. Ho tan hon ton A
trong dung dch HNO3 d thu c dung dch B v 12,096 lt hn hp kh NO v
N2O ( ktc) c t khi hi so vi H2 l 20,334.
1. Tnh gi tr ca M
2. Cho dung dch B tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d thu c kt ta
C. Lc kt ta ri nung n khi lng khng i c cht rn D. Tnh khi
lng ca D.
Bi 5: Ho tan hon ton 24,3 gam nhm vo dung dch HNO3 long d thu
c hn hp kh NO v N2O c t khi hi so vi H2 l 20,25 v dung dch B
khng cha NH4NO3. Tnh th tch mi kh thot ra ktc)
Bi 6: Cho 200 ml dung dch HNO3 tc dng vi 5 gam hn hp Zn v Al. Phn
ng gii phng ra 0,896 lt (ktc) hn hp kh gm NO v N2O. Hn hp kh
c t khi hi so vi H2 l 16,75. Sau khi kt thc phn ng bn lc, thu c
2,013 gam kim loi. Hi sau khi c cn dung dch A th thu c bao nhiu gam
mui khan? Tnh nng dung dch HNO3 trong dung dch ban u.
13
11 Tuyt chiu Ha hc
Bi 7: Ho tan hon ton 2,43 gam kim loi A va vo Z ml dung dch HNO3
0,6M c dung dch B c cha A (NO3)3 ng thi to ra 672 ml hn hp kh
N2O v N2 c t khi hi so vi O2 l 1,125.
1. Xc nh kim loi A v tnh gi tr ca Z
2. Cho vo dung dch B 300ml dung dch NaOH 1M. Sau khi phn ng song lc
ly kt ta, ra sch, un nng n khi lng khng i c mt cht rn.
Tnh khi lng ca mt cht rn . Cc V o ktc
Bi 8: Cho a gam hn hp A gm 3 oxit FeO, CuO, Fe3O4 c s mol bng nhau
tc dng hon ton vi lng va 250ml dung dch HNO3 khi un nng nh
thu c dung dch B v 3,136 lt (ktc) hn hp kh C gm NO2 v NO c t
khi so vi H2 l 20,143. Tnh a v nng mol ca dung dch HNO3 dng.
Bi 9: Cho mt hn hp gm 2,8 gam Fe v 0,81 gam Al vo 200 ml dung dch
C cha AgNO3 v Cu(NO3)2. Khi cc phn ng kt thc c dung dch D v
8,12g cht rn E gm ba kim loi. Cho E tc dng vi dung dch HCl d c
0,672 lt H2 (kc). Tnh nng mol ca Ag(NO3)2 trong dung dch C
Bi 10: t chy x mol Fe bi oxi thu c 5,04g hn hp A gm cc oxt st.
Ho tan hon ton A trong HNO3 thu c 0,035 mol hn hp Y gm NO v
NO2.T khi hi ca Y i vi H2 l 19. Tnh x.
Bi 11: Nung nng 16,8g bt st ngoi khng kh, sau mt thi gian thu c m
gam hn hp X gm oxt st. Ho tan ht hn hp X bng H2SO4 c nng thu
c 5,6 lt SO2 (kc).
a) Vit tt c phn ng xy ra)
b) Tm m.
c) Nu ho tan ht X bng HNO3 c nng th th tch NO2 (kc) thu c l bao
nhiu?
Bi 12: Nung nng m gam bt st ngoi khng kh. Sau mt thi gian thu c
10g hn hp (X) gm Fe, FeO, Fe2O3 v Fe3O4.Ho tan ht (X) bng HNO3 thu
c 2,8 lt (kc) hn hp Y gm NO v NO2. cho dY/H2 = 19. Tnh m ?
Bi 13: Cho mt lung CO i qua ng s ng m gam Fe2O3 nung nng mt thi
gian, thu c 13,92 gam cht rn X gm Fe, Fe3O4, FeO v Fe2O3. Ho tan ht
X bng HNO3 c nng thu c 5,824 lt NO2 (kc). Tnh m?
Bi 14 Cho mt lung kh CO i qua ng s ng m gam Fe2O3 nung nng. Sau
mt thi gian thu c hn hp X nng 44,64g gm Fe3O4, FeO, Fe v Fe2O3
d. Ho tan ht X bng HNO3 long thu c 3,136 lt NO (kc). Tnh m ?
14
11 Tuyt chiu Ha hc
Tuyt chiu s 5(Bo ton Electron)

Th t, 13 Thng 5 2009 18:05 Ti quang dung
Bi 1: ho tan ht mt hn hp gm 0,02 mol kim loi A (ho tr II) v 0,03
mol kim loi B (ho tr III) cn m gam dung dch HNO3 21%. Sau phn ng thu
c 0,896 lt (kc) hn hp NO v N2O. Vit cc phng trinh phn ng xy ra
v tnh M.
Hng dn gii
Cc phn ng xy ra:
3A + 8 HNO3 = 3A(NO3)2 + 2NO + 4H2O
4A + 10HNO3 = 4A(NO3)2 + N2O + 4H2O
B + 4HNO3 = B(NO3)3 + NO + 2H2O
8B +30HNO3 = 8B(NO3)3 + 3N2O + 15H2O
Gi a, b l s mol NO v N2O thu c, ta c cc qu trnh cho nhn electron.
Cho
A
= A2+
2e
0,02mol 0,04mol
B
= B3+
3e
0,03mol 0,09mol
Nhn
NO3- + 3e + 4H+ = NO + 2H2O
3a
4a
2NO3- + 8e + 10H+ = N2O + 5H2O

8b
10b
3a + 8b = 0,04 + 0,09 = 0,13 (I)

a + b = 0,896/22,4 = 0,04 (II)
T (I), (II) : a = 0,038 v b = 0,02
S mol HNO3 = S mol H+ = 4a + 10b = 0,172
15
11 Tuyt chiu Ha hc
S mol dd HNO3 21% = (0,172 . 63 . 100) / 21 = 21,6(g)

Bi 2: Hn hp A gm 3 kim loi X, Y c ho tr ln lt l 3; 2; 1 v t l mol ln
lt l 1:2:3, trong s mol ca X l x. Ho tan hon ton A bng dung dch c
cha y gam HNO3 (ly 25%). Sau phn ng thu c dung dch B khng
cha NH4NO3 v V lt (kc) hn hp kh G gm NO v NO2. Lp biu thc tnh y
theo x v V.
Hng dn gii
Gi a, b l s mol NO v NO2 sinh ra, ta c cc qu trnh cho, nhn electron:
Cho
X - 3e = X3+
x
3x
Y - 2e = Y2+
2x
4x
Z - e = Z+
3x 3x
Nhn
NO3- + 3e + 4H+ = NO + 2H2O
3a
4a
NO3- + e + 2H+ = NO2 + H2O

b 2b
3a + b = 3x + 4x + 3x = 10x (I)
a + b = V / 22,4 (II)
T (I), (II) a = 1/2 (10x - V / 22,4) v b = 1/2 (3V / 22,4 - 10x)
S mol HNO3 = S mol H+ = 4a + 2b = 10x + V / 22,4
y = 63 (10x + V / 22,4) + 25/100 . 63 (10x + V / 22,4) = 78,75 (10x + V / 22,4)
Bi 3: Cho mt hn hp gm 2,8g Fe v 0,81g Al vo 200ml dung dch C cha
AgNO3 v Cu(NO3)2. Khi cc phn ng kt thc c dung dch D v 8,12 gam
16
11 Tuyt chiu Ha hc
cht rn E gm ba kim loi. Cho E tc dng vi dung dch HCl d c 0,672 lt

H2 (kc). Tnh nng mol ca AgNO3 v Cu(NO3)2 trong dung dch C.
Hng dn gii
Do Al u tin phn ng trc Fe nn ba kim loi trong E phi l Fe, Cu, Ag. Ta
c:
nFe ban u = 2,8 / 56 = 0,05 mol
nAl ban u = 0,81 / 27 = 0,03 mol
Khi cho E tc dng vi HCl, ch xy ra phn ng:
Fe + 2HCl = FeCl2 + H2
nFe cn d = S mol H2 = 0,672 / 22,4 = 0,3
Dung dch C (gm x mol AgNO3 v y mol Cu(NO3)2) tc dng va vi
0,03 mol Mg v (0,05 - 0,03) = 0,02 mol Fe
Ta c cc qu trnh cho, nhn electron:
Cho
Al
3e = Al3+
0,03mol 0,09mol
Fe
2e = Fe2+
0,02mol 0,04mol
Nhn
AgNO3 + e = Ag + NO3x
Cu(NO3)2 + 2e = Cu + 2NO3y
2y
x + 2y = 0,04 + 0,09 = 0,013 (I)

108x + 64y + 0,03 . 56 = 8,12 (II)
T (I), (II) : x = 0,03 v y = 0,05
17
11 Tuyt chiu Ha hc
CM AgNO3 = 0,03 / 0,2 = 0,15M.

CM Cu(NO3)2 = 0,05 / 0,2 = 0,25M
Bi 4: Ho tan 62,1 gam kim loi M trong dung dch HNO3 long c 16,8 lt
(kc) hn hp X gm 2 kh khng mu, khng ho nu ngoi khng kh. Bit d
x /H2 = 17,2.
a. Tm tn M.
b. Tnh th tch dung dch HNO3 2M dng, bit rng ly d 25% so
vi lng cn thit.
Hng dn gii
a. Ta c: MX = 17,2 2 = 34,4
Hai kh khng mu, khng ho nu ngoi khng kh v tho iu kin M1 < 34,4
< M2 y ch c th l N2 v N2O.
Gi x l s mol M dng v n l ha tr ca M. Gi a, b l s mol N2 v N2O c
trong X, ta c cc qu trnh cho nhn e:
Cho
M - ne = Mn+
x
nx
Nhn
2NO3- + 10e + 12H+ = N2 + 6H2O
10a
12a
2NO3- + 8e + 10H+ = N2O + 5H2O

8b
10b
x . M = 62,1 (I)
n . x = 10a + 8b (II)
a + b = 16,8/22,4 = 0,75 (III)
(28a + 44b) / 0,75 = 34,4 (IV)
T (I), (II), (III), (IV) :
a = 0,45
18
11 Tuyt chiu Ha hc
b = 0,3
x . M = 62,1
n . x = 6,9
Rt ra M = 9n. Ch c n = 3, ng vi M = 27 l ph hp. Vy M l Al
b. Ta c:
S mol HNO3 = S mol H+ = 12a + 10b = 8,4
Th tch dd HNO3 = 8,4 / 2 + 25/100 . 8,4 / 2 = 5,25 lt
Bi 5: Cho 12,45 gam hn hp X (Al v kim loi M ho tr II) tc dng vi dung
dch HNO3 d c 1,12 lt hn hp N2O v N2, c t khi i vi H2 l 18,8 v
dung dch Y. Cho Y tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d c 0,448 lt NH3. Xc
nh kim loi M v khi lng mi kim loi trong X. Cho nx = 0,25 mol v cc th
tch o kc.
Hng dn gii
Gi a, b l s mol ca Al v M c trong X
Gi c, d, e l s mol N2O, N2 v NH4NO3 c to ra, ta c cc qu trnh cho,
nhn electron.
Cho
Al - 3e = Al3+
a
3a
M - 2e = M2+
b
2b
Nhn
2NO3- + 8e + 10H+ = N2O + 5H2O

8c
10c
2NO3- + 10e + 12H+ = N2 + 6H2O

10d
12d
2NO3- + 8e + 10H+ = NH4NO3 + 3H2O
19
11 Tuyt chiu Ha hc
8e
Phn ng ca dung dch Y vi NaOH:

NH4NO3 + NaOH = NH3 + H2O + NaNO3
e
suy ra :
27a + b.M = 12,45
a + b = 0,25
3a + 2b = 8c + 10 d + 8e
c + d = 1,12/ 22,4 = 0,05
(44c + 28d)/ (c + d) = 18,8 . 2 = 37,6
e = 0,448/22,4 = 0,02
a = 0,1
b = 0,15
c = 0,03
d = 0,2
e = 0,02
M = 65 M l Zn
Bi 6: t chy x mol Fe bi oxi thu c 5,04g hn hp A gm cc oxit st.
Ho tan hon ton A trong HNO3 thu c 0,035 mol hn hp Y gm NO v
NO2. T khi hi ca Y i vi H2 l 19. Tnh x.
Hng dn gii
Cn c vo s phn ng:
x mol Fe + O2 Cc oxi st + HNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + NO + NO2 +
H2O
Ta c cc qu trnh cho nhn electron:
Cho
20
11 Tuyt chiu Ha hc
Fe - 3e = Fe3+
X
3x
Nhn
O2
(5,04 - 56x)/32
4e
2O2-
4(5,04 - 56x)/32
NO3- + 3e + 4H+ = NO + 2H2O

3a
NO3- + e + 2H+ = NO2 + H2O

b
Suy ra:
a + b = 0,035
(30a + 46b) / (a + b) = 19 . 2 = 38
4(5,04 - 56x)/32 + 3a + 3b = 3x
a = 0,0175; b = 0,0175; x = 0,07
Bi 7: m gam phi bo st (A) ngoi khng kh, sau mt thi gian c hn
hp (B) nng 12g gm Fe, FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4. Ho tan ht B bng HNO3 thy
gii phng 2,24 lt NO (kc) duy nht
a. Vit phng trnh phn ng
b. nh m.
Hng dn gii
a. Cc phn ng xy ra:
2Fe + O2 = 2FeO
3Fe + 2O2 = Fe3O4
4Fe + 3O2 = 2Fe2O3
Fe + 4HNO3 = Fe(NO3)3 + NO + 2H2O
3FeO + 10HNO3 = 3Fe(NO3)3 + NO + 5H2O
21
11 Tuyt chiu Ha hc
Fe2O3 + 6HNO3 = Fe(NO3)3 + 3H2SO4

3Fe3O4 + 28HNO3 = 9Fe(NO3)3 + NO + 14H2O
b. Cn c vo s phn ng:
a mol Fe + O2 Fe, FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4 + HNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + NO + H2O.
Ta c cc qu trnh cho, nhn electron:
Cho
Fe - 3e = Fe3+
a
3a
Nhn
O2
(12 - 56a)/32
4e
2O2-
4(12 - 56a)/32
NO3- + 3e + 4H+ = NO + 2H2O

0,03 mol
0,1 mol
3a = 4(12 - 56a)/32 + 0,3 a = 0,18

m = 56a = 10,08g
Tuyt chiu s 6 (Bo ton khi lng)
Ch nht, 17 Thng 5 2009 17:00 Ti quang dung
P DNG PHNG PHP BO TON KHI LNG
Nguyn tc ca phng php ny kh n gin, da vo nh lut bo ton khi
lng (LBTKL): "Tng khi lng cc cht tham gia phn ng bng tng khi
lng cc cht to thnh sau phn ng".
Cn lu l: khng tnh khi lng ca phn khng tham gia phn ng cng
nh phn cht c sn, v d nc c sn trong dung dch. Khi c cn dung dch
th khi lng mui thu c bng tng khi lng cc cation kim loi v anion
gc axit.
V d 1: Hn hp X gm Fe, FeO v Fe2O3. Cho mt lung kh CO i qua ng s
ng m gam hn hp X nung nng. Sau khi kt thc th nghim thu c 64
22
11 Tuyt chiu Ha hc
gam cht rn A trong ng s v 11,2 lt kh B (ktc) c t khi so vi H2 l 20,4.

Gi tr ca m l:
A. 105,6 gam.
B. 35,2 gam.
C. 70,4 gam.
D. 140,8 gam.
Hng dn gii:
Cc phn ng kh st oxit c th c:
Nh vy, cht rn A c th gm 3 cht Fe, FeO, Fe3O4 hoc t hn, iu

khng quan trng v vic cn bng cc phng trnh trn cng khng cn thit
cho vic xc nh p n, qua trng l s mol CO phn ng bao gi cng bng
s mol CO2 to thnh.
nB = 11,2/22,5 = 0,5 (mol)
Gi x l s mol ca CO2, ta c phng trnh v khi lng ca B: 44x + 28(0,5 x) = 0,5 20,4 2 = 20,4
Nhn c x = 0,4 mol v cng chnh l s mol CO tham gia phn ng.
Theo LBTKL, ta c: mX + mCO = mA + mCO2 m = 64 + 0,4 . 44 - 0,4 . 28 =
70,4(gam) (p n C).
V d 2: un 132,8 gam hn hp 3 ancol no, n chc vi H2SO4 c 1400C
thu c hn hp cc ete c s mol bng nhau v c khi lng l 111,2 gam.
S mol ca mi ete trong hn hp l:
A. 0,1 mol.
B. 0,15 mol.
C. 0,4 mol.
D. 0,2 mol.
Hng dn gii:
Ta bit rng c 3 loi ancol tch nc iu kin H2SO4 c, 1400C th to
thnh 6 loi ete v tch ra 6 phn t H2O.
Theo LBTKL ta c: mH2O = mru - mete = 132,8 - 111,2 = 21,6 (gam)
nH2O = 21,6/18 = 1,2(mol)
23
11 Tuyt chiu Ha hc
Mt khc, c hai phn t ancol th to ra mt phn t ete v mt phn t H2O.

Do s mol H2O lun bng s mol ete, suy ra s mol mi ete l 1,2/6=0,2(mol).
(p n D).
Nhn xt: Chng ta khng cn vit 6 phng trnh ca phn ng t ancol tch
nc to thnh 6 ete, cng khng cn tm CTPT ca cc ancol v cc ete trn.
Nu sa vo vic vit phng trnh phn ng v t n s mol cho cc ete
tnh ton th vic gii bi tp rt phc tp, tn nhiu thi gian.
V d 3: Cho 12 gam hn hp hai kim loi Fe, Cu tc dng va vi dung dch
HNO3 63%. Sau phn ng thu c dung dch A v 11,2 lt kh NO2 duy nht
(ktc). Nng % cc cht c trong dung dch A l:
A. 36,66% v 28,48%.
B. 27,19% v 21,12%.
C. 27,19% v 72,81%.
D. 78,88% v 21,12%.
Hng dn gii:
Fe + 6HNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + 3NO2 + 3H2O
Cu + 4HNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + 2NO2 + 3H2O.
nNO2 = 0,5mol
nHNO3 = 2nNO2 = 1 mol
p dng LBTKL ta c:
mdd mui = mhh k.loi + m ddHNO3 - mNO2
= 12 + (1. 63 . 100) /63 - (46 . 0,5) = 89(gam)
t nFe = x mol, nCu = y mol, ta c:
56x + 64y = 12
3x = 2y = 0,5
x = 0,1 v y = 0,1
C% Fe(NO3)3 = (0,1 . 242 /89) . 100% = 27,19%
C% Cu(NO3)2 = (0,1 . 188/89) . 100% = 21,12%. (p n B)
24
11 Tuyt chiu Ha hc
V d 4: Ho tan hon ton 23,8 gam hn hp mt mui cacbonat ca cc kim

loi ho tr I v mui cacbonat ca kim loi ho tr II trong dung dch HCl. Sau
phn ng thu c 4,48 lt kh (ktc). bn c cn dung dch thu c khi
lng mui khan l:
A. 13 gam.
B. 15 gam.
C. 26 gam.
D. 30 gam.
Hng dn gii
M2CO3 + 2HCl 2MCl + CO2 + H2O
RCO3 + 2HCl RCl2 + CO2 + H2O
nCO2 = 4,88/22,4 = 0,2 (mol)
Tng nHCl = 0,4 mol v nH2O = 0,2 mol
p dng LBTKL ta c:
23,8 + 0,4 . 36,5 = mmui + 0,2 44 + 0,2 18
mmui = 26 gam (p n C).
V d 5: Hn hp A gm KClO3; Ca(ClO2)2; Ca(ClO3)2; CaCl2 v KCl nng 83,68
gam. Nhit phn hon ton A, thu c cht rn B gm CaCl2; KCl v 17,472 lt
kh ( ktc). Cho cht rn B tc dng vi 360 ml dung dch K2CO3 0,5M (va )
thu c kt ta C v dung dch D. Khi lng KCl trong dung dch D nhiu gp
22/3 ln lng KCl c trong A. % khi lng KClO3 c trong A l:
A. 47,83%.
B. 56,72%.
C. 54,67%.
D. 58,55%.
Hng dn gii
25
11 Tuyt chiu Ha hc
(p n D).
V d 6: t chy hon ton 1,88 gam cht hu c A (cha C, H, O) cn 1,904
lt O2 (ktc) thu c CO2 v hi nc theo t l th tch 4:3. CTPT ca A l (Bit
t khi ca A so vi khng kh nh hn 7).
A. C8H12O5.
B. C4H8O2.
C. C8H12O3.
D. C6H12O6.
Hng dn gii
1,88 gam A + 0,085 mol O2 4a mol CO2 + 3a mol H2O.
26
11 Tuyt chiu Ha hc
p dng LBTKL, ta c:
mCO2 + mH2O = 1,88 + 0,085 . 32 = 46 (gam)
Ta c: 44 . 4a + 18 . 3a = 46 a = 0,02 mol
Trong cht A c:
nC = 4a = 0,08 (mol)
nH = 3a . 2 = 0,12 (mol)
nO = 4a . 2 + 3a - 0,085 . 2 = 0,05 (mol)
nC : nH : nO = 0,08 : 0,12 : 0,05 = 8 : 12 : 5
Vy cng thc ca cht hu c A l C8H12O5 c MA < 203 gam. (p n A).
V d 7: Cho 0,1 mol este to bi 2 ln axit v ancol mt ln ancol tc dng hon
ton vi NaOH thu c 6,4 gam ancol v mt lng mui c khi lng nhiu
hn lng este l 13,56% (so vi lng este). CTCT ca este l:
A. CH3 - COO - CH3.
B. CH3OCO - COO - CH3.
C. CH3COO - COOCH3.
D. CH3COO - CH2 - COOCH3.
Hng dn gii
R(COOR')2 + 2NaOH R(COONa)2 + 2R'OH
0,1
0,2
0,1
0,2 mol
MR'OH = 6,4/0,2 = 32 (gam) Ancol CH3OH.

p dng LBTKL, ta c:
meste + mNaOH = mmui + mancol
mmui - meste = 0,2 . 40 - 64 = 16 (gam)
m mmui - meste = 13,56/100 meste
meste = 1,6 . 100/ 13,56 = 11,8 (gam)
Meste = 118 gam
27
11 Tuyt chiu Ha hc
R + (44 + 15) .2 = 118 R = 0.

Vy CTCT ca este l CH3OCO - COO - CH3 (p n B)
V d 8: Thu phn hon ton 11,44 gam hn hp 2 este n chc l ng phn
ca nhau bng dung dch NaOH thu c 11,08 gam hn hp mi 5,56 gam
hn hp ancol. CTCT ca 2 este l:
A. HCOOCH3 v C2H5COOCH3.
B. C2H5COOCH3 v CH3COOC2H5.
C. HCOOC3H7 v C2H5COOCH3.
D. C B, C u ng.
Hng dn gii
CTPT ca este l C4H8O2

Vy CTCT 2 este ng phn l:
HCOOC3H7 v C2H5COOCH3
hoc C2H5COOCH3 v CH3COOC2H5 (p n D)
V d 9: Chia hn hp hai andehit no n chc lm hai phn bng nhau:
- Phn 1: bn t chy hon ton thu c 1,08 gam H2O.
28
11 Tuyt chiu Ha hc
- Phn 2: Tc dng vi H2 d (Ni, t0) th thu c hn hp A. bn t chy

hon ton hn hp A th th tch kh CO2 (ktc) thu c l:
A. 1,434 lt.
B. 1,443 lt.
C. 1,344 lt.
D. 0,672 lt.
Hng dn gii
Phn 1: V andehit no n chc nn nCO2 = nH2O = 0,06 mol
nCO2 (phn 1) = nC (phn 2) = 0,06 mol.
Theo nh lut bo ton nguyn t v LBTKL, ta c:
nC (phn 2) = nC (A) = 0,06 mol.
nCO2 (A) = 0,06 mol
Th tch CO2 = 22,4 . 0,06 = 1,344 (lt). (p n C).
V d 10: Cho mt lung kh CO i qua ng s ng 0,04 mol hn hp A gm
FeO v Fe2O3 t nng. Sau khi kt thc th nghim thu c B gm 4 cht nng
4,784 gam. Kh i ra khi ng s cho hp th vo dung dch Ba(OH)2 d th thu
c 9,062 gam kt ta. Phn trm khi lng Fe2O3 trong hn hp A l:
A. 86,96%.
B. 16,04%.
C. 13,04%.
D. 6,01%.
Hng dn gii
0,04 mol hn hp A (FeO v Fe2O3) + CO 4,784 gam hn hp B + CO2
CO2 + Ba(OH)2 d BaCO3 + H2O.
nCO2 = nBaCO3 = 0,046 mol.
v nCO (p.) = nCO2 = 0,046 mol.
p dng LBTKL, ta c:
mA + mCO = mB + mCO2.
mA = 4,784 + 0,046 . 44 - 0,046 . 28 = 5,52 (gam)
t nFeO = x mol, nFe2O3 = y mol trong hn hp B, ta c:
x + y = 0,04
29
11 Tuyt chiu Ha hc
72 x + 160 y = 5,52
x = 0,01 mol v y = 0,03 mol.
%mFeO = 0,01 . 72 / 5,52 . 100% = 13,04%.
%Fe2O3 = 86,96% (p n A).
Bi tp vn dng
Bi 1: Ho tan 9,14 gam hp kim Cu, Mg, Al bng mt lng va dung dch
HCl thu c 7,84 lt kh X (ktc). 2,54 gam cht rn Y v dung dch Z. Lc b
cht rn Y, c cn cn thn dung dch Z thu c khi lng mui khan l:
A. 31,45 gam.
B. 33,99 gam.
C. 19,025 gam.
D. 56,3 gam.
Bi 2: Cho 15 gam hn hp 3 amin n chc, bc mt tc dng va vi dung

dch HCl 1,2M th thu c 18,504 gam mui. Th tch dung dch HCl dng l:
A. 0,8 lt
B. 0,08 lt.
C. 0,4 lt.
D. 0,04 lt.
Bi 3: Trn 8,1 gam bt Al vi 48 gam bt Fe2O3 ri cho tin hnh phn ng

nhit nhm trong iu kin khng c khng kh. Kt thc th nghim, khi lng
cht rn thu c l:
A. 61,5 gam.
B. 56,1 gam.
C. 65,1 gam.
D. 51,6 gam.
Bi 4: Ho tan hon ton 10 gam hn hp X gm 2 kim loi (ng trc H trong

dy in ho) bng dung dch HCl d thu c 2,24 lt kh H2 (ktc). C cn
dung dch sau phn ng thu c khi lng mui khan l:
A. 1,71 gam.
B. 17,1 gam
C. 13,55 gam.
D. 34,2 gam.
Bi 5: Nhit phn hon ton m gam hn hp X gm CaCO3 v Na2CO3 thu c

11,6 gam cht rn v 2,24 lt kh (ktc). Hm lng % CaCO3 trong X l:
A. 6,25%.
B. 8,62%.
C. 50,2%.
D. 62,5%.
30
11 Tuyt chiu Ha hc
Bi 6: Cho 4,4 gam hn hp hai kim loi nhm IA hai chu k lin tip tc dng
vi dung dch HCl d thu c 4,48 lt H2 (ktc) v dung dch cha m gam mui
tan. Tn hai kim loi v khi lng m l:
A. 11 gam; Li v Na.
B. 18,6 gam; Li v Na.
C. 18,6 gam; Na v K.
D. 12,7 gam; Na v K.
Bi 7: t chy hon ton 18 gam FeS2 v cho ton b lng SO2 vo 2 lt dung
dch Ba(OH)2 0,125M. Khi lng mui to thnh l:
A. 57,4 gam.
B. 56,35 gam.
C. 59,17 gam.
D. 58,35 gam.
Bi 8:Ho tan 33,75 gam mt kim loi M trong dung dch HNO3 long , d thu
c 16,8 lt kh X(ktc) gm hai kh khng mu ho nu trong khng kh c t
khi hi so vi hiro bng 17.8.
a. Kim loi l:
A.Cu.
B. Zn.
C. Fe.
D. Al.
b. Nu dng dung dch HNO3 2M v ly d 25% th th tch dung dch cn ly l

A. 3,15 lt
B. 3,00 lit
C. 3,35 lt
D. 3.45 lt
Bi 9: Ho tan hon ton 15,9 gam hn hp gm 3 kim loi Al, Mg v Cu bng

dung dch HNO3 thu c 6,72 lt khi NO v dung dch X. bn c cn dung dch
X thu c s gam mui khan l
A.77,1 gam
B.71,7 gam
C. 17,7 gam
D. 53,1 gam
Bi 10: Ho tan hon ton 2,81 gam hn hp gm Fe2O3, MgO, ZnO trong 500
ml axit H2SO4 0,1 M (va ). Sau phn ng, hn hp mui sunfat khan thu
c khi c cn dung dch c khi lng l
A.6,81 gam
B.4,81 gam
31
C. 3,81 gam
11 Tuyt chiu Ha hc
D. 4.81 gam
p n cc bi tp vn dng:
1. A 2. B
3. B.
4. B. 5. D
6. B. 7. D. 8. a-D, b-B 9. B. 10. A
Tuyt chiu s 7
Th ba, 19 Thng 5 2009 18:00 Ti quang dung
KIM LOI PHN NG VI MUI
I. PHNG PHP
Dng I: Mt kim loi y mt ion kim loi khc.
iu kin kim loi X y c kim loi Y ra khi dung dch mui ca Y:
- X phi ng trc Y trong dy in ha.
V d: Xt phn ng sau:
Cu + 2Ag+ Cu2+ + 2Ag
Phn ng trn lun xy ra v: Cu c tnh kh mnh hn Ag v Ag+ c tnh oxi
ha mnh hn Cu2+.
Fe + Al3+: Phn ng ny khng xy ra v Fe ng sau Al trong dy in ha.
- Mui ca kim loi Y phi tan trong nc.
32
11 Tuyt chiu Ha hc
Zn + Fe(NO3)3 Zn(NO3)2 + Fe
phn ng ny xy ra v Zn ng trc Fe v mui st nitrat tan tt trong nc.
Al + PbSO4: Phn ng ny khng xy ra v mui ch sunfat khng tan trong
nc.
Ch : Khng c ly cc kim loi kim (Na, K, ...) v kim th (Ca, Sr, Ba)
mc d chng ng trc nhiu kim loi nhng khi cho vo nc th s tc
dng vi nc trc to ra mt baz, sau s thc hin phn ng trao i vi
mui to hiroxit (kt ta).
V d: Cho kali vo dung dch Fe2(SO4)3 th c cc phn ng sau:
K + H2O KOH + 1/2 H2.
Fe2(SO4)3 + 6KOH 2Fe(OH)3 + 3K2SO4
Dng II: Cho mt kim loi X vo dung dch cha hai mui ca hai ion kim loi Yn+
v Zm+.
- n gin trong tnh ton, ta ch xt trng hp X ng trc Y v Z, ngha
l kh c c hai ion Yn+ v Zm+ (Y ng trc Z).
- Do Zm+ c tnh oxi ha mnh hn Yn+ nn X phn ng vi Zm+ trc:
mX + qZm+ mXq+ + qZ (1) (q l ha tr ca X)
Nu sau phn ng (1) cn d X th c phn ng:
nX + qYn+ nXq+ + qY (2)
Vy, cc trng hp xy ra sau khi phn ng kt thc:
+ Nu dung dch cha 3 ion kim loi (Xq+, Yn+ v Zm+) th khng c phn ng (2)
xy ra, tc l kim loi X ht v ion Zm+ cn d.
+ Nu dung dch cha hai ion kim loi (Xq+, Yn+) th phn ng (1) xy ra xong (tc
ht Zm+), phn ng (2) xy ra cha xong (d Yn+), tc l X ht.
+ Nu dung dch ch cha ion kim loi (Xq+) th phn ng (1), (2) xy ra hon
ton, tc l cc ion Yn+ v Zm+ ht, cn X ht hoc d.
Ch :
- Nu bit s mol ban u ca X, Yn+ v Zm+ th ta thc hin th t nh trn.
- Nu bit c th s mol ban u ca Yn+ v Zm+ nhng khng bit s mol ban
u ca X, th:
33
11 Tuyt chiu Ha hc
+ Khi bit khi lng cht rn D (gm cc kim loi kt ta hay d), ta ly hai mc
so snh:
Mc 1: Va xong phn ng (1), cha xy ra phn ng (2). Z kt ta ht, Y cha
kt ta, X tan ht.
mCht rn = mZ = m1
Mc 2: Va xong phn ng (1) v phn ng (2), Y v Z kt ta ht, X tan ht.
mCht rn = mZ + mY = m2
Ta tin hnh so snh khi lng cht rn D vi m1 v m2
Nu mD < m1: Z kt ta mt phn, Y cha kt ta.
Nu m1 < mD < m2 : Z kt ta ht, Y kt ta mt phn
Nu mD > m2 : Y v Z kt ta ht, d X.
+ Khi bit khi lng chung cc oxit kim loi sau khi nung kt ta hidroxit to ra
khi thm NaOH d vo dung dch thu c sau phn ng gia X vi Yn+ v Zm+,
ta c th s dng 1 trong 2 phng php sau:
Phng php 1: Gi s ch c phn ng (1) (Z kt ta ht, X tan ht, Yn+ cha
phn ng) th:
m1 = m cc oxit
Gi s va xong phn ng (1) v (2) (Y v Z kt ta ht, X tan ht) th:
m2 = mcc oxit
xc nh im kt thc phn ng, ta tin hnh so snh mcht rn vi m1, m2 nh:
m2 < mcht rn < m1: Z kt ta ht, Y kt ta mt phn, X tan ht.
mcht rn > m1: Z kt ta mt phn, Y cha kt ta, X tan ht.
Phng php 2: Xt 3 trng hp sau:
D X, ht Yn+ v Zm+.
Ht X, d Yn+ v Zm+.
Ht X, ht Zm+ v d Yn+.
34
11 Tuyt chiu Ha hc
Trong mi trng hp, gii h phng trnh va lp. Nu cc nghim u

dng v tha mn mt iu kin ban u ng vi cc trng hp kho st th
ng v ngc li l sai.
Dng 3: Hai kim loi X,Y vo mt dung dch cha mt ion Zn+.
- Nu khng bit s mol ban u ca X, Y, Zn+, th ta vn p dng phng php
chung bng cch chia ra tng trng hp mt, lp phng trnh ri gii.
- Nu bit c s mol ban u ca X, Y nhng khng bit s mol ban u ca
Zn+, th ta p dng phng php dng 2 mc so snh.
Nu ch c X tc dng vi Zn+ mcht rn = m1.
Nu c X, Y tc dng vi Zn+ (khng d Zn+) mcht rn =m2
Nu X tc dng ht, Y tc dng mt phn m1 < mcht rn < m2.
Dng 4: Hai kim loi X, Y cho vo dung dch cha 2 ion kim loi Zn+, Tm+ (X, Y
ng trc Z, T).
Gi s X > Y, Zn+ > Tm+, ta xt cc trng hp sau:
Trng hp 1: Nu bit s mol ban u ca X, Y, Zn+, Tm+, ta ch cn tnh s
mol theo th t phn ng.
X + Tm+ ...
X + Zn+ ... (nu d X, ht Tm+)
Y + Tm+ ... (nu ht X, d Tm+)
Trng hp 2: Nu khng bit s mol ban u, da trn s ion tn ti trong
dung dch sau phn ng d on cht no ht, cht no cn.
V d: Nu dung dch cha ba ion kim loi (Xa+, Yb+, Zn+) Ht Tm+, ht X, Y (cn
d Zc+), ... th ta s dng phng php tnh sau y:
Tng s electron cho bi X, Y = tng s electron nhn bi Zn+, Tm+.
V d: Cho a mol Zn v b mol Fe tc dng vi c mol Cu2+.
Cc bn phn ng.
Zn Zn2+ + 2e
(mol)
2a
Fe Fe2+ + 2e
35
(mol)
11 Tuyt chiu Ha hc
2b
Cu Cu2+ + 2e
(mol)
2c
Tng s mol electron cho: 2a + 2b (mol)

Tng s mol electron nhn: 2c (mol)
Vy: 2a + 2b = 2c a + b = c.
II. V D P DNG
V d 1: Cho 0,387 gam hn hp A gm Zn v Cu vo dung dch Ag2SO4 c s
mol l 0,005 mol. Khuy u ti phn ng hon ton thu c 1,144gam cht
rn. Tnh khi lng mi kim loi.
Hng dn gii:
- Phn ng:
Zn + Ag2SO4 = ZnSO4 + 2Ag
Cu + Ag2SO4 = CuSO4 + 2Ag
- V tng s mol Zn v Cu nm trong gii hn:
0,387/65 < nhh < 0,387/64
0,0059 < nhh < 0,00604
nhh ln hn 0,005 mol, chng t Ag2SO4 ht.
- Gi s Zn phn ng mt phn, Cu cha tham gia phn ng.
Gi s mol Zn ban u l x; s mol Zn phn ng l x'
Gi s mol Cu ban u l y.
Khi lng kim loi tng:
108.2x' - 65.x' = 1,144 - 0,387 = 0,757 (gam)
151x' = 0,757 x' = 0,00501.
S mol ny ln hn 0,005 mol, iu ny khng ph hp vi bi, do Zn
phn ng ht v x = x'.
36
11 Tuyt chiu Ha hc
- Zn phn ng ht, Cu tham gia phn ng mt phn.

Gi s mol Cu tham gia phn ng l y.
Ta c phng trnh khi lng kim loi tng:
108.2x - 65.x + 108 . 2y' - 64 . y' = 0,757 (*)
Gii phng trnh (*) kt hp vi phng trnh:
x + y' = 0,005
Ta c: x = 0,003 v y = 0,002
Vy: mZn = 0,003 . 65 = 0,195 (gam)
mCu = 0,387 - 0,195 = 0,192 (gam)
V d 2: Cho 4,15 gam hn hp Fe, Al phn ng vi 200ml dung dch CuSO4
0,525M. Khuy k hn hp phn ng xy ra hon ton. bn lc kt ta (A)
gm hai kim loi nng 7,84 gam v dung dch nc lc (B). ha tan kt ta
(A) cn t nht bao nhiu mililit dung dch HNO3 2M, bit phn ng to NO?
Hng dn gii:
Phn ng xy ra vi Al trc, sau n Fe. Theo gi thit, kim loi sinh ra l
Cu (kim loi II).
Gi x l s mol Al, y l s mol Fe phn ng v z l mol Fe d:
2Al + 3CuSO4 Al2(SO4)3 + 3Cu
x
1,5x
1,5x
(mol)
Fe + CuSO4 FeSO4 + Cu
y
(mol)
Ta c: 27x + 56(y + z) = 4,15 (1)

1,5x + y = 0,2 . 0,525 = 0,105 (2)
64(1,5x + y) + 56z = 7,84 (3)
Gii h (1), (2), (3)
x = 0,05, y = 0,03 v z = 0,02.
Phn ng vi HNO3:
37
11 Tuyt chiu Ha hc
Fe + 4HNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + NO + 2H2O

z
4z
3Cu
(1,5x + y)
(mol)
+ 8HNO3 3Cu(NO3)2 + 2NO + 4H2O
8/3(1,5x +y)
(mol)
nHNO3 = 8,3(1,5x + y) + 4z = 0,36 (mol)

Vy V dd HNO3 = 0,36 /2 = 0,18 (lt)
V d 3: Cho hn hp (Y) gm 2,8 gam Fe v 0,81 gam Al vo 200ml dung dch
(C) cha AgNO3 v Cu(NO3)2. Kt thc phn ng thu c dung dch (D) v 8,12
gam cht rn (E) gm ba kim loi. Cho (E) tc dng vi dung dch HCl d, ta thu
c 0,672 lt H2 (ktc). Tnh nng mol/l AgNO3, Cu(NO3)2 trc khi phn
ng.
Hng dn gii:
V phn ng gia Al v AgNO3 xy ra trc nn kim loi sau phn ng phi c
Ag, k n l CuSO4 c phn ng to thnh Cu. Theo gi thit, c ba kim loi
kim loi th ba l Fe cn d.
Ta c: nFe = 2,8/5,6 = 0,05 (mol);
nAl = 0,81/27 = 0,03 (mol)
v nH2 = 0,672/22,4 = 0,03 (mol)
Phn ng: Fed + 2HCl 2FeCl2 + H2
(mol)
0,03
0,03
S mol Fe phn ng vi mui:

0,05 - 0,03 = 0,02 (mol)
Ta c phn ng sau (c th xy ra):
Al + 3AgNO3 3Ag + Al(NO3)2
Al + 3Ag+ 3Ag + Al3+.
2Al + 3Cu(NO3)2 2Al(NO3)2 + Cu
2Al + 3Cu2+ 2Al3+ + 3Cu
Fe + 2AgNO3 Fe(NO3)2 + 2Ag
38
11 Tuyt chiu Ha hc
Fe + 2Ag+ Fe2+ + 2Ag

Fe + Cu(NO3)2 Fe(NO3)2 + Cu
Fe + Cu2+ Fe2+ + Cu
Ta c s trao i electron nh sau:
Al Al3+ + 3e
0,03
0,09 (mol)
Fe Fe2+ + 2e
0,02
0,04 (mol)
Ag+ + 1e Ag
x
x (mol)
Cu2+ + 2e Cu
y
2y
(mol)
Tng s electron nhng = Tng s electron nhn

x + 2y = 0,09 + 0,04 = 0,13 (1)
108x + 64y + 56 . 0,03 = 8,12 (2)
Gii h phng trnh (1) v (2), ta c x = 0,03; y = 0,05.
Vy: CM AgNO3 = 0,03 / 0,2 = 0,15M
CM Cu(NO3)2 = 0,05/0,2 = 0,25M.
V d 4: Cho 9,16 gam bt A gm Zn, Fe, Cu vo cc ng 170ml dung dch
CuSO4 1M. Sau phn ng thu c dung dch B v kt ta D, nung D trong
khng kh nhit cao n khi lng khng i c 12 gam cht rn. Thm
dung dch NaOH vo mt na dung dch B, lc kt ta, ra v nung trong khng
kh n khi lng khng i thu c 5,2 gam cht rn E. Cc phn ng xy ra
hon ton.
Tnh khi lng mi kim loi trong hn hp ban u.
Hng dn gii
- Theo u bi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton nn Zn phn ng trc, sau n
Fe v ion Cu2+ c th ht hoc cn d.
39
11 Tuyt chiu Ha hc
nCuSO4 = 0,17 . 1 = 0,17 (mol)

- Gi s 9,16 gam A hon ton l Fe (khi lng nguyn t nh nht) th nhn hp
= 9,16/56 = 0,164 (mol). V vy nA < nCuSO4. Do phn ng CuSO4 cn d,
hn hp kim loi ht.
- Phng trnh phn ng:
Zn + CuSO4 ZnSO4 + Cu
x
(mol)
Fe + CuSO4 FeSO4 + Cu
y
(mol)
Gi nCu ban u l z mol

Ta c: 65x + 56y + 64z = 9,16 (1)
Cht rn D l Cu: Cu + 1/2O2 = CuO
(x + y + z) = 12/80 = 0,15(mol) (2)
- Khi cho 1/2 dung dch B + NaOH s xy ra cc phn ng:
Ta c phng trnh:
(0,25y . 160) + 0,5(0,17 - x - y) . 80 = 5,2 (3)
Gii h phng trnh (1), (2), (3) ta c:
x = 0,04 (mol) Zn; y = 0,06 (mol) Fe v z = 0,05 mol Cu
T tnh c khi lng ca tng kim loi
Tuyt chiu s 8 (bao toan in tich)
Th su, 22 Thng 5 2009 03:52 Ti quang dung
40
11 Tuyt chiu Ha hc
Bao Toan in Tich
I. C S Cua Phng Phap

1. C s: Nguyn t, phn t, dung dich lun trung hoa v in
- Trong nguyn t: s proton = s electron

- Trong dung dich:
tng s mol x in tich ion = | tng s mol x in tich ion m |
2. Ap dung va mt s chu y
a) khi lng mui (trong dung dich) = tng khi lng cac ion m
b) Qua trinh ap dung inh lut bao toan in tich thng kt hp:
- Cac phng phap bao toan khac: Bao toan khi lng, bao toan nguyn
t
- Vit phng trinh hoa hoc ang ion thu gon
II. CAC DANG BAI TP THNG GP
Dang 1: Ap dung n thun inh lut bao toan in tich

Vi Du 1: Mt dung dich co cha 4 ion vi thanh phn : 0,01 mol Na+, 0,02
mol Mg2+ , 0,015 mol SO42- ,
x mol Cl- . Gia tri cua x la:
A. 0,015.
C. 0,02.
B. 0,035.
D. 0,01.
Hng dn:
Ap dung inh lut bao toan in tich ta co:
0,01x1 + 0,02x2 = 0,015x2 + Xx1 x = 0,02 ap an
41
11 Tuyt chiu Ha hc
Dang 2: Kt hp vi inh lut bao toan khi lng
Vi Du 2: Dung dich A cha hai cation la Fe2+: 0,1 mol va Al3+ : 0,2 mol va
hai anion la Cl-: x mol va SO42- : y mol. bn c can dung dich A thu c 46,9
gam hn hp mui khan.
Gia tri cua x va y ln lt la:
A. 0,6 va 0,1
C. 0,5 va 0,15
B. 0,3 va 0,2
D. 0,2 va 0,3
Hng dn:
- Ap dung inh lut bao toan in tich ta co:
0,1x2 + 0,2x3 = Xx1 + y x 2 X + 2y = 0,8 (*)
- Khi c can dung dich, khi lng mui = tng khi lng cac ion tao mui
0,1x56 + 0,2x27 + Xx35,5 + Yx 96 = 46,9
35,5X + 96Y = 35,9 (**)
T (*) va (**) X = 0,2 ; Y = 0,3 ap an D
Vi du 3: Chia hn hp X gm 2 kim loai co hoa tri khng i thanh 2 phn bng

nhau.
Phn 1: Hoa tan haonf toan bng dung dich HCl d thu c 1,792 lit H2 (ktc).
Phn 2: Nung trong khng khi d, thu c 2,84 gam hn hp rn chi gm cac
oxit.
Khi lng hn hp X la:
A. 1,56 gam.
C. 2,4 gam.
B. 1,8 gam.
D. 3,12 gam.
Hng dn:
42
11 Tuyt chiu Ha hc
Nhn xet: Tng s mol x in tich ion dng (cua 2 kim loai) trong 2 phn la
Bng nhau Tng s mol x in tich ion m trong 2 phn cung bng nhau.
O2 2 ClMt khac: nCl- = nH+ = 2nH2 = 1,792/ 22,4 = 0,08 (mol)
Suy ra: nO (trong oxit) = 0,04 (mol)
Suy ra: Trong mt phn: mKim Loai - m oxi = 2,84 - 0,08.16 = 1,56 gam
Khi lng hn hp X = 2.1,56 = 3,12 gam
ap An D
Dang 3: Kt hp vi bao toan nguyn t

Vi Du 4: Cho hn hp X gm x mol FeS2 va 0,045 mol Cu2S tac dung va u vi
HNO3 loang, un nong thu c dung dich chi cha mui sunfat cua cac kim loai
Va giai phong khi NO duy nht, Gia tri cua x la
A. 0,045.
B. 0,09.
C. 0,135.
D. 0,18.
Hng dn:
- Ap dung bao toan nguyn t:
Fe3+ : x mol ; Cu2+ : 0,09 ; SO42- : ( x + 0,045) mol
- Ap dung inh lut bao toan in tich (trong dung dich chi cha mui sunfat)
Ta co : 3x + 2.0,09 = 2(x + 0,045)
x = 0,09
ap an B
Vi Du 5: Dung dich X co cha 5 ion : Mg2+ , Ba2+ , Ca2+ , 0,1 mol Cl- va
0,2 mol NO3-. Thm dn V lit dung dich K2CO3 1M vao X n khi c lng
Kt tua ln nht thig gia tri ti thiu cn dung la:
A. 150ml.
B. 300 ml.
43
C. 200ml.
11 Tuyt chiu Ha hc
D. 250ml.
Hng dn:
Co th qui i cac ion Mg2+, Ba2+, Ca2+ thanh M2+
M2+ + CO32- MCO3
Khi phan ng kt thuc, phn dung dich cha K+, Cl-, va NO3Ap dung inh lut bao toan toan in tich ta co:
nk+ = nCl- + nNO3- = 0,3 (mol) suy ra: s mol K2CO3 = 0,15 (mol)
suy ra th tich K2CO3 = 0,15/1 = 0,15 (lit) = 150ml
ap an A
Dang 4: Kt hp vi vic vit phng trinh dang ion thu gon

Vi Du 6: Cho hoa tan hoan toan 15,6 gam hn hp gm Al va
Al2O3 trong 500 dung dich NaOH 1M thu c 6,72 lit H2 (ktc)
Va dung dich X. Th tich HCl 2M ti thiu cn cho vao X thu c
lng kt tua ln nht la:
A. 0,175 lit.
B. 0,25 lit.
C. 0,25 lit.
D. 0,52 lit.
Hng dn :
Dung dich X cha cac ion Na+ ; AlO2- ; OH- d (co th). Ap dung inh lut
Bao toan in tich:
n AlO2- + n OH- = n Na+ = 0,5
Khi cho HCl vaof dung dich X:
H+
OH H2O
H+
AlO2- + H2O Al(OH)3
3H+ +
Al(OH)3 Al3+ + 3H2O
(1)
(2)
44
(3)
11 Tuyt chiu Ha hc
kt tua la ln nht, suy ra khng xay ra (3) va

n H+ = n AlO2- + n OH- = 0,5
Suy ra th tich HCl = 0,5/2 = 0,25 (lit)
ap an B
Dng 5 : Bi ton tng hp

V d 7: Hon ton 10g hn hp X gm Mg v Fe bng dung dch HCl 2M.
Kt thc th nghim thu c dung dch Y v 5,6l kh H2 (ktc). kt ta
hon ton cc cation c trong Y cn va 300ml NaOH 2M.Th tch dung
dch HCl dng l:
A: 0,2 lt
B: 0,24 lt
C: 0,3 lt
D: 0,4 lt
Hng dn:
nNa+ = nOH- = nNaOH = 0,6M
Khi cho NaOH vo dung dch Y(cha cc ion :Mg2+;Fe2+;H+ d;Cl-) cc ion
dng s tc dng vi OH- to thnh kt ta .Nh vy dung dch thu
c sau phn ng ch cha Na+ v Cl-.
=>nCl- = nNa+=0,6 =>VHCl=0,6/2= 0,3 lt ==> p n C.
V d 8: ha tan hon ton 20 gam hn hp X gm Fe,FeO,Fe3O4,

Fe2O3 cn va 700ml dung dch HCl 1M thu c dung dch X v
3,36 lt kh H2 (ktc). Cho NaOH d vo dung dch X ri ly ton b
kt ta thu c bn nung trong khng kh n khi lng khng i
th lng cht rn thu c l :
A: 8 gam
B: 16 gam
45
C: 24 gam
11 Tuyt chiu Ha hc
D:32 gam
Hng dn:
Vi cch gii thng thng ,ta vit 7 phng trnh ha hc,sau
t n s,thit lp h phng trnh v gii
Nu p dng nh lut bo ton din tch ta c :
Fe + 2HCl FeCl2 + H2
S mol HCl ha tan Fe l : nHCl = 2nH2 =0,3 mol
S mol HCl ha tan cc oxit =0,7- 0,3 = 0,4 mol
Theo nh lut bo ton din tch ta c
nO2-(oxit) =1/2 nCl- = 0,2 mol ==>
nFe (trong X) =moxit - moxi /56 =(20-0,2 x 16)/56 = 0,3 mol
C th coi : 2Fe (trong X ) Fe2O3
nFe2O3 =1,5 mol ==> mFe2O3 = 24 gam ==> p n C
III . BI TP T LUYN
Cu 1: Dung dch X c cha a mol Na+ ,b mol Mg2+ ,C mol Cl- v
d mol SO42-.. Biu thc lin h gia a,b,c,d l
A: a+2b=c+2d
B:a+2b=c+d
C:a+b=c+
D : 2a+b=2c+d
Cu 2:C 2 dung dch,mi dung dch u cha 2 cation v 2 anion khng

trng nhau trong cc ion sau
46
11 Tuyt chiu Ha hc
K+ :0,15 mol, Mg2+ : 0,1 mol,NH4+:0,25 mol,H+ :0,2 mol, Cl- :0,1 mol SO42- :0,075
mol NO3- :0,25 mol,NO3- :0,25 mol v CO32- :0,15 mol. Mt trong 2 dung dch trn
cha
A: K+,Mg2+,SO42- v Cl-;
B : K+,NH4+,CO32- v Cl-
C :NH4+,H+,NO3-, v SO42-
D : Mg2+,H+,SO42- v Cl-
Cu 3: Dung dch Y cha Ca2+ 0,1 mol ,Mg2+ 0,3 mol,Cl- 0,4 mol,HCO3- y mol.
Khi c cn dung dch Y th c mui khan thu c l :
A: 37,4 gam
B 49,8 gam
C: 25,4 gam
D : 30,5 gam
Cu 4 : Mt dung dch cha 0,02 mol Cu2+;0,03 mol K+,x mol Cl- v y mol
SO42-.Tng khi lng cc mui tan c trong dung dch l 5,435 gam. Gi tr
ca x v y ln lt l:
A:0,03 v 0,02
B: 0,05 v 0,01
C : 0,01 v 0,03
D:0,02 v 0,05
Cu 5: Ha tan hon ton hn hp gm 0,12 mol FeS2 v x mol Cu2S vo

dung dch HNO3 va , thu c dung dch X ch cha 2 mui sunfat ca
cc kim loi v gii kh NO duy nht. Gi tr l :
A :0,03
B :0,045
C:0,06
D:0,09
Cu 6: Cho m gam hn hp Cu,Zn,Mg tc dng hon ton vi dung dch

HNO3 long,d. C cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c (m+62). Gam
mui khan. Nung hn hp mui khan trn n khi lng khng i thu
47
11 Tuyt chiu Ha hc
c cht rn c khi lng l:

A: (m+4) gam
B: (m+8) gam
C: (m+16) gam
D: (m+32)gam
Cu 7:Cho 2,24 gam hn hp Na2CO3,K2CO3 tc dng va vi dung

dch BaCl2.Sau phn ng thu c 39,4 gam kt ta.Lc tch kt ta,c
cn dung dch th thu c bao nhiu gam mui clorua khan ?
A: 2,66 gam
B 22,6 gam
C: 26,6 gam
D : 6,26 gam
Cu 8: Trn dung dch cha Ba2+;OH- 0,06 mol v Na2+ 0,02 mol vi
dung dch cha HCO3- 0,04 mol; CO32- 0,03 mol va Na+. Khi lng kt
ta thu c sau khi trn l
A: 3,94 gam
B 5,91 gam
C: 7,88 gam
D : 1,71 gam
Cu 9:Ha tan hon ton 5,94 gam hn hp hai mui clorua ca 2 kim
loi nhm IIA vo nc c 100ml dung dch X. lm kt ta ht
ion Cl- c trong dung dch X,ngi ta cho dung dch X trn tc
dng va vi dung dch AgNO3. Kt thc th nghim, thu c
dung dch Y v 17,22 gam kt ta. Khi lng mui khan thu c khi
kt ta dung dch Y l:
A: 4,86 gam
B: 5,4 gam
C: 7,53 gam
D : 9,12 gam
48
11 Tuyt chiu Ha hc
Cu 10: Dung dch X cha 0.025 mol CO32-;0,1 mol Na+;0,25 mol
NH4+ v 0,3 mol Cl-. Cho 270ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 0,2M vo v
un nng nh (gi s H2O bay hi khng ng k). Tng khi lng
dung dch X v dung dch Ba(OH)2 sau qu trnh phn ng gim i l :
A: 4,125 gam
B: 5,296 gam
C: 6,761 gam
D : 7,015 gam
Cu 11: Trn 100ml dung dch AlCl3 1M vi 200ml dung dch

NaOH1,8M n phn ng hon ton th lng kt ta thu c l :
A: 3,12 gam
B: 6,24 gam
C: 1,06 gam
D : 2,08 gam
Cu 12: Dung dch B cha ba ion K+;Na+;PO43-. 1 lt dung dch

B tc dng vi CaCl2 d thu c 31 gam kt ta. Mt khc nu c
cn 1 lt dung dch B thu c 37,6 gam cht rn khan. Nng
ca 3 ion K+;Na+;PO43- ln lt l:
A:0,3M;0,3M v 0,6M
B: 0,1M;0,1M v 0,2M
C: 0,3M;0,3M v 0,2M
D : 0,3M;0,2M v 0,2M
Cu 13: Cho dung dch Ba(OH)2 n d vo 100ml dung dch X

gm cc ion: NH4+, SO42-,NO3-, ri tin hnh un nng th c 23,3
gam kt ta v 6,72 lt(ktc) mt cht duy nht. Nng mol ca
(NH4)2SO4 v NH4NO3 trong dung dch X ln lt l :
A: 1M v 1M
B: 2M v 2M
49
C: 1M v 2M
11 Tuyt chiu Ha hc
D : 2M v 1M
Cu 14:Dung dch X cha cc ion : Fe3+,SO42-,NH4+,Cl-. Chia

dung dch X thnh 2 phn bng nhau:
-Phn 1 tc dng vi lng d dung dch NaOH,un nng thu c
0.672 lt kh (ktc) v 1,07 gam kt ta
-Phn 2 tc dng vi lng d dung dch BaCl2, thu c 4,66gam kt ta
Tng khi lng cc mui khan thu c khi c cn dung dch X l
(qu trnh c cn ch c nc bay
hi)
A:3,73 gam
B: 7,04 gam
C: 7,46 gam
D : 3,52 gam
Tuyt chiu s 9 (p dng phng trnh ion - electron)

Th ba, 26 Thng 5 2009 17:19 Ti quang dung
gii tt cc bi ton bng vic p dng phng php ion, iu u tin cc
bn phi nm chc phng trnh phn ng di dng phn t t suy ra
phng trnh ion. i khi c mt s bi tp khng th gii theo cc phng trnh
phn t c m phi gii da theo phng trnh ion. Vic gii bi ton ho hc
bng cch p dng phng php ion gip chng ta hiu k hn v bn cht ca
cc phng trnh ho hc. T mt phng trnh ion c th ng vi rt nhiu
phng trnh phn t. V d phn ng gia hn hp dung dch axit vi dung
dch baz u c chung mt phng trnh ion l:
H+ + OH- H2O
hoc phn ng ca Cu kim loi vi hn hp dung dch HNO3 v dung dch H2SO4
l:
3Cu + 8H+ + 2NO3- 3Cu2+ + 2NO + 4H2O ...
Sau y l mt s v d:
V d 1: Hn hp X gm (Fe, Fe2O3, Fe3O4, FeO) vi s mol mi cht l 0,1 mol,
ho tan ht vo dung dch Y gm (HCl v H2SO4 long) d thu c dung dch
50
11 Tuyt chiu Ha hc
Z. Nh t t dung dch Cu(NO3)2 1M vo dung dch Z cho ti khi ngng thot kh

NO. Th tch dung dch Cu(NO3)2 cn dng v th tch kh thot ra ( ktc) l:
A. 25 ml; 1,12 lt. B. 500ml; 22,4 lt.
C. 50ml; 2,24 lt.
D. 50ml; 1,12 lt.

Hng dn gii
Quy hn hp 0,1 mol Fe2O3 v 0,1 mol FeO thnh 0,1 mol Fe3O4.
Hn hp X gm: (Fe3O4: 0,2 mol; Fe: 0,1 mol) tc dng vi dung dch Y.
Fe3O4 + 8H+ Fe2+ + 2Fe3+ + 4H2O.
0,2
0,2
0,4 mol
Fe + 2H+ Fe2+ + H2
0,1
0,1 mol
Dung dch Z: (Fe2+: 0,3 mol; Fe3+: 0,4 mol) + Cu(NO3)2:

3Fe2+ + NO3- + 4H+ 3Fe3+ + NO + 2H2O
0,3
0,1
0,1
VNO = 0,1 . 22,4 = 2,24 (lt)

n Cu(NO3)2 = 1/2 n NO3- = 0,05 (mol)
V dd Cu(NO3)2 = 0,05 / 1 = 0,05 (lt) (hay 50ml)
p n C.
V d 2: Ho tan 0,1 mol Cu kim loi trong 120ml dung dch X gm HNO3 1M v
H2SO4 0,5M. Sau khi phn ng kt thc thu c V lt kh NO duy nht (ktc).
A. 1,344 lt.
C. 0,672 lt.
B. 1,49 lt.
D. 1,12 lt.
Hng dn gii
n HNO3 = 0,12 mol; n H2SO4 = 0,06 mol

Tng n H+ = 0,24 mol v n NO3- = 0,12 mol.
Phng trnh ion:
51
11 Tuyt chiu Ha hc
3Cu + 8H+ + 2NO3- 3Cu2+ + 2NO + 4H2O.

Ban u:
0,1
0,24 0,12 mol
Phn ng:
0,09 0,24 0,06
0,06 mol
Sau phn ng: 0,01 (d) (ht) 0,06 (d)

VNO = 0,06 . 22,4 = 1,344 (lt)
p n A.
V d 3: Dung dch X cha dung dch NaOH 0,2M v dung dch Ca(OH)2 0,1M.
Sc 7,84 lt kh CO2 (ktc) vo 1 lt dung dch X th khi lng kt ta thu c
l:
A. 15 gam.
C. 10 gam.
B. 5 gam.
D. 0 gam.
Hng dn gii
n CO2 = 0,35 mol; nNaOH = 0,2 mol;

n Ca(OH)2 = 0,1 mol.
Tng: n OH- = 0,2 + 0,1 . 2 = 0,4 (mol)
v n Ca2+ = 0,1 mol.
Phng trnh ion rt gn:
52
11 Tuyt chiu Ha hc
p n B.
V d 4: Ho tan ht hn hp gm mt kim loi kim v mt kim loi kim th
trong nc c dung dch A v c 1,12 lt H2 bay ra ( ktc). Cho dung dch
cha 0,03 mol AlCl3 vo dung dch A. Khi lng kt ta thu c l:
A. 0,78 gam.
C. 0,81 gam.
B. 1,56 gam.
D. 2,34 gam.
Hng dn gii
Phn ng ca kim loi kim v kim loi kim th vi H2O:

M + nH2O M(OH)n + n/2H2
T phng trnh ta c:
n OH- = 2n H2 = 0,1 (mol)
Dung dch A tc dng vi 0,03 mol dung dch AlCl3:
53
11 Tuyt chiu Ha hc
Tip tc ho tan kt ta theo phng trnh:

Al(OH)3 + OH- AlO2- + 2H2O
0,1
0,01 mol
Vy: m Al(OH)3 = 78.0,02 = 1,56 (gam)

p n B.
V d 5: Dung dch A cha 0,01 mol Fe(NO3)3 v 0,15 mol HCl c kh nng ho
tan ti a bao nhiu gam Cu kim loi? (Bit NO l sn phm kh duy nht)
A. 2,88 gam.
C. 3,2 gam.
B. 3,92 gam.
D. 5,12 gam.
Hng dn gii
Phng trnh ion:
p n C
V d 6: Cho hn hp gm NaCl v NaBr tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3 d thu
c kt ta c khi lng ng bng khi lng AgNO3 phn ng. Phn
trm khi lng NaCl trong hn hp u l:
A. 23,3%.
C. 43,23%.
B. 27,84%.
D. 31,3%.
54
11 Tuyt chiu Ha hc
Hng dn gii
Phng trnh ion:
p n B.
V d 7: Trn 100ml dung dch A (gm KHCO3 1M v K2CO3 1M) vo 100ml
dung dch B (gm NaHCO3 1M v Na2CO3 1M) thu c dung dch C. Nh t t
100ml dung dch D (gm H2SO4 1M v HCl 1M) vo dung dch C thu c V lt
CO2 (ktc) v dung dch E. Cho dung dch Ba(OH)2 ti d vo dung dch E th thu
c m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m v V ln lt l:
A. 82,4 gam v 2,24 lt.
B. 4,3 gam v 1,12 lt.
C. 2,33 gam v 2,24 lt.
D. 3,4 gam v 5,6 lt.

Hng dn gii
Dung dch C cha: HCO3- : 0,2mol; CO32- = 0,2 mol

Dung dch D c tng: n H+ = 0,3 mol.
Nh t t dung dch C v dung dch D:
55
11 Tuyt chiu Ha hc
Tng khi lng kt ta:

m = 0,3 . 197 + 0,1 . 233 = 82,4 (gam)
p n A.
V d 8: Ho tan hon ton 7,74 gam mt hn hp gm Mg, Al bng 500ml dung
dch gm H2SO4 0,28M v HCl 1M thu c 8,736 lt H2 (ktc) v dung dch X.
Thm V lt dung dch cha ng thi NaOH 1M v Ba(OH)2 0,5M vo dung dch
X thu c lng kt ta ln nht.
a. S gam mui thu c trong dung dch X l:
A. 38,93 gam.
C. 38,97 gam.
B. 38,95 gam.
D. 38,91 gam.
b. Th tch V l:
A. 0,39 lt.
C. 0,41 lt.
B. 0,4 lt.
D. 0,42 lt.
c. Khi lng kt ta l:
56
A. 54,02 gam.
C. 53,62 gam.
11 Tuyt chiu Ha hc
B. 53,98 gam.
D. 53,94 gam.
Hng dn gii
a. Xc nh lng mui thu c trong dung dch X:
57
11 Tuyt chiu Ha hc
lng kt ta t gi tr ln nht th s lng OH- phi kt ta ht cc

ion Mg2+ v Al3+. Theo cc phng trnh phn ng (1), (2), (4), (5) ta c:
n H+ = n OH- = 0,78 mol
2V = 0,78 V = 0,39 lt.
p n A.
c. Xc nh khi lng kt ta:
p n C.
V d 9: Cho m gam hn hp Mg v Al vo 250ml dung dch X cha hn hp
axit HCl 1M v axit H2SO4 0,5M thu c 5,32 lt H2 (ktc) v dung dch Y (coi
th tch dung dch khng i). Dung dch Y c pH l:
A. 7.
2.
B. 1.
D. 6.
C.
Hng dn gii
Khi cho Mg, Al tc dng vi hn hp 2 axit HCl v H2SO4 ta c s phn ng:
58
11 Tuyt chiu Ha hc
p n B.
V d 10:Thc hin 2 th nghim:
- TN1: Cho 3,84g Cu phn ng vi 80ml dung dch HNO3 1M thot ra V1 lt NO.
- TN2: Cho 3,84g Cu phn ng vi 80ml dung dch HNO3 1M v H2SO4 0,5M
thot ra V2 lt NO. Bit NO l sn phm kh duy nht, cc th tch kh o cng
iu kin. Quan h gia V1 v V2 l:
A. V2 = V1.
2,5V1.
B. V2 = 2 V1.
D. V2 = 1,5V1.
Hng dn gii
TN1:
V2 tng ng vi 0,04 mol NO.

Nh vy V2 = 2V1
59
C. V2 =
11 Tuyt chiu Ha hc
p n B.
V d 11: Trn 100ml dung dch gm Ba(OH)2 0,1M v NaOH 0,1M vi 400ml
dung dch gm H2SO4 0,0375M v HCl 0,0125M thu c dung dch X. Gi tr pH
ca dung dch X l:
A. 1.
6.
B. 2.
D. 7.
C.
Hng dn gii
Ta c
Khi trn hn hp dung dch baz vi hn hp dung dch axit ta c phng trnh
ion rt gn:
p n B.
V d 12: Cho 1 mu hp kim Na - Ba tc dng vi nc d thu c dung dch
X v 3,36 lt H2 (ktc). Th tch dung dch axit H2SO4 2M cn dng trung ho
dung dch X l:
A. 150ml.
B. 75ml.
C. 60ml.
Hng dn gii
60
D. 30ml.
11 Tuyt chiu Ha hc
Na + H2O NaOH + 1/2 H2

Ba + 2H2O Ba(OH)2 + H2
p n B.
Tuyt chiu s 10 (s dung cng thc kinh nghim)
Th nm, 28 Thng 5 2009 10:06 Ti quang dung
PHNG PHP S DNG CNG THC KINH NGHIM
I. PHNG PHP GII
1. Ni dung phng php

* Xt bi ton tng qut quen thuc:
+ O2 +HNO3(H2SO4 c, nng)
m gam
m1gam
(n: max)
61
11 Tuyt chiu Ha hc
Gi:
S mol kim loi a
S oxi ho cao nht (max) ca kim loi l n
S mol electron nhn (2) l t mol
Ta c:
Mt khc:
ne nhn = n e (oxi) + ne (2)
+ ng vi M l Fe (56), n = 3 ta c: m = 0.7.m1 + 5,6.t (2)

+ ng vi M l Cu (64), n = 2 ta c: m = 0.8.m1 + 6,4.t (3)
T (2,3) ta thy:
+ Bi ton c 3 i lng: m, m1 v ne nhn (2) (hoc V kh (2)).
62
11 Tuyt chiu Ha hc
Khi bit 2 trong 3 i lng trn ta tnh c ngay i lng cn li.

+ giai on (2) bi c th cho s mol, th tch hoc khi lng ca 1
kh hay nhiu kh; giai on (1) c th cho s lng cht rn c th l
cc oxit hoc hn hp gm kim loi d v cc oxit.
2. Phm vi p dng v mt s ch
+ Ch dng kh HNO3 (hoc (H2SO4 c, nng) ly d hoc va .
+ Cng thc kinh nghim trn ch p dng vi 2 kim loi Fe v Cu.
3. Cc bc gii
+ Tm tng s mol electron nhn giai on kh N+5 hoc S+6
+ Tm tng khi lng hn hp rn (kim loi v oxit kim loi): m1
+ p dng cng thc (2) hoc (3)
II. TH D MINH HO
Th d 1. t chy hon ton 5,6 gam bt Fe trong bnh O2 thu c

7,36 gam hn hp X gm Fe2O3, Fe3O4 v mt phn Fe cn d.
Ho tan hon ton lng hn hp X trn vo dung dch HNO3 thu
c V lt hn hp kh Y gm NO2 v NO c t khi so vi H2 bng 19.
Gi tr ca V l:
A. 0,896.
B. 0,672.
C. 1,792.
Hng dn gii:
p dng cng thc (1): ne nhn (2) => ne nhn (2) = 0,08
T dy/H2 =19 => nNO2 = nNO = x
63
D.0,448.
11 Tuyt chiu Ha hc
Vy: V = 22,4.0,02.2 = 0,896 lt -> p n A.

Th d 2. m gam bt Fe trong khng kh mt thi gian thu c
11,28 gam hn hp X gm 4 cht. Ho tan ht X trong lng d
dung dch HNO3 thu c 672ml kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht,
ktc). Gi tr ca m l:
A. 5,6.
B.11.2.
C.7,0
D. 8.4.
Hng dn gii:
p dng cng thc (2):
-> p n D.
Th d 3. Cho 11,36 gam hn hp X gm Fe, FeO, Fe2O3 v Fe3O4
phn ng ht vi dung dch HNO3 long, d thu c 1,344 lt kh NO
(sn phm kh duy nht, o ktc) v dung dch Y. C cn dung dch
Y thu c m gam mui khan.Gi tr ca m l:
A. 49,09
B. 35,50
C. 38,72.
D.34,36.
Hng dn gii:
p dng cng thc (2):
=> m = 38,72 gam

p n C.
Th d 4. Cho 11,6 gam hn hp X gm Fe, FeO, Fe2O3 vo dung
64
11 Tuyt chiu Ha hc
dch HNO3 long, d thu c V lt kh Y gm NO v NO2 c t khi

so vi H2 bng 19. Mt khc, nu cho cng lng hn hp X trn
tc dng vi kh CO nng d th sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton
thu c 9,52 gam Fe. Gi tr ca V l:
A. 1,40.
B. 2,80
C.5,60.
D.4,20
Hng dn gii:
T dy/H2 =19 => nNO2 = nNO = x => ne nhn = 4x
p dng cng thc: 9,52 = 0,7.11,6 + 5,6.4x => x = 0,0625
=> V = 22,4.0,0625.2 = 2,80 lt -> p n B
Th d 5. Nung m gam bt Cu trong oxi thu c 24,8 gam hn hp
cht rn X gm Cu, CuO v Cu2O. Ho tan hon ton X trong H2SO4
c nng thot ra 4,48 lt kh SO2 (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc).
Gi tr ca m l:
A. 9,6
B. 14,72
C. 21,12
D. 22,4.
Hng dn giai:
Ap dung cng thc (3):
M = 0,8m rn + 6,4.n e nhn (2)
=> m = 0,8.24,8 + 6,4.0,2.2 = 22,4 gam => ap an D.
III. Bai tp ap dung

Cu 1: m gam bt st ngoai khng khi, sau mt thi gian thy
khi lng cua hn hp thu c la 12 gam. Hoa tan hn hp
nay trong dung dich HNO3 thu c 2,24 lit khi NO (san phm kh
duy nht, ktc). Gia tri cua m la:
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11 Tuyt chiu Ha hc
A. 5,6 gam.
B. 20,08 gam.
C. 11,84 gam.
D. 14,95 gam.
Cu 2: Hoa tan hoan toan 10 gam hn hp X (Fe, Fe2O3) trong dung
dich HNO3 va u thu c 1,12 lit NO ( ktc, san phm kh duy
nht) va dung dich Y. Cho Y tac dung vi dung dich NaOH d c
kt tua Z. Nung Z trong khng khi n khi khi lng khng i c
m gam cht rn. Gia tri cua m la:
A. 12 gam.
B. 16 gam.
C. 11,2 gam.
D. 19,2 gam.
Cu 3: Hoa tan ht m gam hn hp Fe, Fe2O3, Fe3O4 trong dung
dich HNO3 c,nong d c 448 ml khi NO2 ( ktc). C can
dung dich sau phan ng c 14,52 gam mui khan. Gia tri cua m la:
A. 3,36 gam.
B. 4,28 gam.
C. 4,64 gam.
D. 4,80 gam.
Cu 4: t chay hoan toan 5,6 gam bt Fe trong binh oxi thu c 7,36
gam hn hp X gm Fe2O3, Fe3O4 va mt phn Fe d. Hoa tan hoan
toan hn hp X bng dung dich HNO3 thu c V lit khi Y gm NO2 va
NO co ti khi so vi H2 bng 19.
Gia tri cua V la:
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11 Tuyt chiu Ha hc
A. 0,896 lit.
B. 0,672 lit.
C. 0,448 lit.
D. 1,08 lit.
Cu 5: Cho lung khi CO i qua ng s ng m gam Fe2O3 nung nong.
Sau mt thi gian thu c 13,92 gam hn hp X gm 4 cht. Hoa tan
ht X bng HNO3 c, nong d c 5,824 lit NO2 (san phm kh duy
nht, ktc). Gia tri cua m la:
A. 16 gam.
B. 32 gam.
C. 48 gam.
D. 64 gam.
Cu 6: Cho 11,6 gam hn hp X gm Fe, FeO, Fe2O3 vao dung dich
HNO3 loang, d c V lit khi Y gm NO va NO2 co ti khi hi so vi
H2 la 19. Mt khac, nu cho cung lng khi hn hp X trn tac dung vi
khi CO d thi sau phan ng hoan toan c 9,52 gam Fe.
Gia tri cua V la:
A. 2,8 lit.
B. 5,6 lit.
C. 1,4 lit.
D. 1,344 lit.
Cu 7: Nung m gam bt ng kim loai trong oxi thu c 24,8 gam hn
hp rn X gm Cu, CuO va Cu2O. Hoa tan hoan toan X trong H2SO4
c nong thoat ra 4,48 lit khi SO2 (san phm kh duy nht, ktc).
Gia tri cua m la:
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11 Tuyt chiu Ha hc
A. 9,6 gam.
B. 14,72 gam.
C. 21,12 gam.
D. 22,4 gam.
Cu 8: Hoa tan hoan toan 18,16 gam hn hp X gm Fe va Fe3O4
trong 2 lit dung dich HNO3 2M thu c dung dich Y va 4,704 lit khi
NO (san phm kh duy nht, ktc).
Phn trm khi lng Fe trong hn hp X la:
A. 38,23%.
B. 61,67%.
C. 64,67%.
D. 35,24%.
Cu 9: Cho m gam hn hp X gm Fe, Fe3O4 tac dung vi 200 ml dung
dich HNO3 3,2M. Sau khi phan ng hoan toan c 0,1 mol khi NO (san
phm kh duy nht) va con lai 1,46 gam kim loai khng tan.
Gia tri cua m la:
A. 17,04 gam.
B. 19,20 gam.
C. 18,50 gam.
D. 20,50 gam.
Cu 10: m gam Fe trong khng khi 1 thi gian c 7,52 gam hn
hp X gm 4 cht. Hoa tan ht X trong dung dich H2SO4 c, nong d
c 0,672 lit khi SO2 (san phm kh duy nht, ktc) va dung dich Y.
C can cn thn dung dich Y c m1 gam mui khan.
Gia tri cua m va m1 ln lt la:
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11 Tuyt chiu Ha hc
A. 7 gam va 25 gam.
B. 4,2 gam va 1,5 gam.
C. 4,48 gam va 16 gam.
D. 5,6 gam va 20 gam.
Cu 11: Cho 5,584 gam hn hp bt Fe va Fe3O4 tac dung va u
vi 500 ml dung dich HNO3 loang. Sau khi phan ng xay ra hoan toan
c 0,3136 lit khi NO (san phm kh duy nht, ktc) va dung dich X.
Nng mol cua dung dich HNO3 la:
A. 0,472M.
B. 0,152M
C. 3,04M.
D. 0,304M.
Cu 12: kh hoan toan 9,12 gam hn hp cac oxit: FeO, Fe3O4 va
Fe2O3 cn 3,36 lit H2 (ktc). Nu hoa tan 9,12 gam hn hp trn bng
H2SO4 c nong d thi th tich khi SO2 (san phm kh duy nht, ktc)
thu c ti a la:
A. 280 ml.
B. 560 ml.
C. 672 ml.
D. 896 ml.
Cu 13: Cho khi CO i qua ng s ng 16 gam Fe2O3 un nong, sau
khi phan ng thu c hn hp X gm Fe, FeO, Fe3O4 va Fe2O3. Hoa
tan hoan toan X bng H2SO4 c nong thu c dung dich Y. Khi lng
mui trong Y la:
A. 20 gam.
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11 Tuyt chiu Ha hc
B. 32 gam.
C. 40 gam.
D. 48 gam.
Cu 14: Hoa tan 11,2 gam kim loai M trong dung dich HCl d thu c
4,48 lit H2 ( ktc). Con nu hoa tan hn hp X gm 11,2 gam kim loai M
va 69,6 gam oxit MxOy trong lng d dung dich HNO3 thi c 6,72 lit
khi NO (san phm kh duy nht, ktc). Cng thc cua oxit kim loai la:
A. Fe3O4.
B. FeO
C. Cr2O3.
D. CrO.
Cu 15: Cho 37 gam hn hp X gm Fe, Fe3O4 tac dung vi 640 ml
dung dich HNO3 2M loang, ung nong. Sau khi cac phan ng xay ra
hoan toan thu c V lit khi NO (san phm kh duy nht, ktc),
dung dich Y va con lai 2,92 gam kim loai. Gia tri cua V la:
A. 2,24 lit.
B. 4,48 lit.
C. 3,36 lit.
D. 6,72 lit.
Cu 16: Cho lung khi CO i qua ng s cha 0,12 mol hn hp
gm FeO va Fe2O3 nung nong, phan ng tao ra 0,138 mol CO2.
Hn hp cht rn con lai trong ng nng 14,325 gam gm 4 cht.
Hoa tan ht hn hp 4 cht nay vao dung dich HNO3 d thu c
V lit khi NO (san phm kh duy nht, ktc).
Gia tri cua V la:
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11 Tuyt chiu Ha hc
A. 0,244 lit.
B. 0,672 lit.
C. 2,285 lit.
D. 6,854 lit.
Cu 17: Cho lung khi CO i qua ng s ng 5,8 gam FexOy nung
nong trong mt thi gian thu c hn hp khi X va cht rn Y. Cho
Y tac dung vi dung dich HNO3 d c dung dich Z va 0,784 lit khi
NO (san phm kh duy nht, ktc). C can dung dich Z c 18,15
gam mui khan. Hoa tan Y bng HCl d thy co 0,672 lit khi ( ktc).
Phn trm khi lng cua st trong Y la:
A. 67,44%.
B. 32,56%.
C. 40,72%.
D. 59,28%.
Cu 18: Cho lung khi CO i qua ng s ng 30,4 gam hn hp X
gm Fe2O3 va FeO nung nong trong mt thi gian dai thu c hn
hp cht rn Y. Hoa tan ht Y trong HNO3 va u c dung dich Z.
Nhung thTi ng vao dung dich Z n khi phan ng hoan toan thy
khi lng thTi ng giam 12,8 gam. Phn trm khi lng cua cac
cht trong hn hp X ln lt bng:
A. 33,3% va 66,7%.
B. 61,3% va 38,7%.
C. 52,6% va 47,4%.
D. 75% va 25%.
Cu 19: Hoa tan hoan toan m gam Fe3O4 trong dung dich HNO3, toan
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11 Tuyt chiu Ha hc
b lng khi NO thoat ra bn trn vi lng O2 va u hn hp

hp thu hoan toan trong nc c dung dich HNO3. Bit th tich Oxi
a tham gia vao qua trinh trn la 336 ml ( ktc). Gia tri cua m la:
A. 34,8 gam.
B. 13,92 gam.
C. 23,2 gam.
D. 20,88 gam.
Cu 20: Thi t t V lit hn hp khi CO va H2 co ti khi hi so vi H2
la 7,5 qua mt ng s ng 16,8 gam hn hp 3 oxit CuO, Fe3O4, Al2O3
nung nong. Sauk hi phan ng thu c hn hp khi va hi co ti khi so
vi H2 la 15,5; dn hn hp khi nay vao dung dich Ca(OH)2 d thy co
5 gam kt tua. Th tich V ( ktc) va khi lng cht rn con lai trong
ng s ln lt la:
A. 0,448 lit; 16,48 gam.
B. 1,12 lit; 16 gam.
C. 1,568 lit; 15,68 gam.
D. 2,24 lit; 15,2 gam.
ap an:
1B - 2C - 3C - 4A - 5A - 6A - 7D - 8B - 9C - 10D
11A - 12C - 13C - 14A - 15B - 16C - 17B - 18C - 19B - 20D.
Tuyt chiu s 11 (Phng Phap ng cheo)

Th hai, 01 Thng 6 2009 06:54 Ti quang dung
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11 Tuyt chiu Ha hc
I. PHNG PHAP GIAI

1. Ni dung phng phap: Trn ln 2 dung dich
Khi lng
Th tich
Nng
(C% hoc CM)
Dung dich 1
m1
V1
C1
Dung dich 2
m2
V2
C2
Dung dich
m = m1+m2
V = V1+V2
Cn pha ch
S ng cheo ng vi mi trng hp:

a. i vi nng % v khi lng:
b. i vi nng mol:
2. Cac dang toan thng gp
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11 Tuyt chiu Ha hc
Dang 1. Pha ch dung dich
Pha dung dich vi dung dich: xac inh C1, C2, C va ap dung cac cng thc
(1) va (2).
Pha ch dung dich vi dung mi (H2O): dung mi nguyn cht co C = 0%.
Pha ch cht rn co tng tac vi H2O tao cht tan vao dung dich: luc
nay, do co s tng tac vi H2O tao cht tan nn ta phai chuyn cht rn
sang dung dich co nng tng ng C > 100%.
Pha ch tinh th mui ngm nc vao dung dich: tinh th c coi nh
dung dich co
C < 100%, y gia tri cua C chinh la ham lng % cua cht tan trong tinh th
mui ngm ngc.
Chu y:
Khi lng ring cua H2O la 1g/ml.
Phng phap nay khng ap dung c khi trn ln 2 dung dich co

xay ra phan ng gia cac cht tan vi nhau (tr phan ng vi H2O) nn
khng ap dung c vi trng hp tinh toan pH.
Dang 2: Tinh ti l mol cac cht trong hn hp

i vi hn hp gm 2 cht, khi bit khi lng phn t cac cht va khi lng
phn t trung binh cua hn hp, ta d dang tinh c ti l mol cua cac cht theo
cng thc s (2) va ngc lai.
Chu y:
-
y cac gia tri cua C c thay bng cac gia tri KLPT tng ng.
T phng phap ng cheo ta rut ra cng thc tinh nhTi thanh phn
% s mol cua hn hp 2 cht co khi lng phn t M1, M2 va khi lng trung
binh la:
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11 Tuyt chiu Ha hc
Dang 3. Bai toan hn hp cac cht co tinh cht hoa hoc tng t nhau.
Vi hn hp gm 2 cht ma v ban cht hoa hoc la tng t nhau (VD: CaCO3
va BaCO3) ta chuyn chung v mt cht chung va ap dung ng cheo nh cac
bai toan ti l mol hn hp.
Dang 4. Bai toan trn ln hai cht rn.

Khi chi quan tm n ham lng % cua cac cht, phng phap ng cheo ap
dung c cho ca trng hp trn ln 2 hn hp khng ging nhau. Luc nay
cac gia tri C trong cng thc tinh chinh la ham lng % cua cac cht trong tng
hn hp cung nh tng ham lng % trong hn hp mi tao thanh.
im mu cht la phai xac inh c chung cac gia tri ham lng % cn thit.
3. anh gia phng phap ng cheo

y la phng phap co nhiu u im, giup tng tc tinh toan, va la 1
cng cu b tr rt c lc cho phng phap trung binh.
Phng phap ng cheo co th ap dung tt cho nhiu trng hp,
nhiu dang bai tp, c bit la dang bai pha ch dung dich va tinh thanh phn
hn hp.
Thng s dung kt hp gia ng cheo vi phng phap trung binh
va phng phap bao toan nguyn t. Vi hn hp phc tap co th s dung kt
hp nhiu ng cheo.
Trong a s trng hp khng cn thit phai vit s dng cheo
nhm rut ngn thi gian lam bai.
Nhc im cua phng phap nay la khng ap dung c cho nhng
bai toan trong o co xay ra phan ng gia cac cht tan vi nhau, khng ap dung
c vi trng hp tinh toan pH.
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11 Tuyt chiu Ha hc
II. CC BC GII
- Xc nh tr s cn tm t bi
- Chuyn cc s liu sang dng i lng % khi lng
- Xy dng ng cho => Kt qu bi ton
III. CC TRNG HP P DNG V TH D MINH HO

Dng 1. Pha ch dung dch
Th d 1. thu c dung dch HNO3 20% cn ly a gam dung dch HNO3 40%
pha vi b gam dung dch HNO3 15%. T l a/b l:
A. 1/4.
B.1/3.
C.3/1.
D.4/1.
Hng dn gii:
p dng cng thc (1): a / b = (15 - 20) / (40 - 20) = 1 /4 => p n A
Th d 2. Ho tan hon ton m gam Na2O nguyn cht vo 75,0 gam dung dch
NaOH 12,0% thu c dung dch NaOH 58,8%. Gi tr ca m l
A. 66,0.
B.50,0.
C.112,5.
D.85,2.
Phn ng ho tan: Na2O + H2O -> 2NaOH

62 gam
80 gam
Coi Na2O nguyn cht nh dung dch NaOH c nng C = (80 / 62)100 =
129,0%
Theo (1): m / 75 = ( | 12,0 - 58,8| ) / ( |129,0 - 58,8| ) = 46,8 / 70,2 = 50 gam
p n B
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11 Tuyt chiu Ha hc
Th d 3. thu c 42 gam dung dch CuSO4 16% cn ho tan x gam tinh th

CuSO4.5H2O vo y gam dung dch CuSO4 8%. Gi tr ca y l:
A. 35.
B.6.
C.36.
D.7.
Hng dn gii:
Coi tinh th CuSO4.5H2O l dung dch CuSO4 c nng :
C = (160.100) / 250 = 64%
Theo (1): y / x = ( |116 - 64| ) / ( |16 - 8| )
=> y = 36 gam => p n C
Dng 2. Tnh t l mol cc cht trong hn hp

Th d 4. Mt hn hp kh gm NO2 v N2O4 iu kin tiu chun c t khi i
vi oxi l 2,25. Thnh phn % v th tch ca NO2 trong hn hp l:
A. 47,8%.
B.43,5%
C.56,5%.
D.52,2%
Hng dn gii:
Cch 1. S ng cho:
p n B.
Th d 5. Cn trn 2 th tch etilen vi 1 th tch hirocacbon mch h X thu
c hn hp kh c t khi hi so vi H2 bng 55/3. Tn ca X l:
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A. vinylaxetilen.
11 Tuyt chiu Ha hc
B. buten.
C.ivinyl
D.butan
Hng dn gii:
S ng cho:
=> X l CH2 = CH - CH=CH2

-> p n C.
Th d 6. t chy hon ton 12,0 lt hn hp hai hp cht hu c k tip nhau
trong dy ng ng thu c 41,4 lt CO2. Thnh phn % th tch ca hp cht
c khi lng phn t nh hn l (cc th tch kh o cng iu kin).
A.55,0%.
B.51,7%.
C.48,3%.
D.45,0%.
Hng dn gii:
Dng 3. Bi ton hn hp cc cht c tnh cht ho hc tng t nhau.

Th d 7. Nung hn hp X gm CaCO3 v CaSO3 ti phn ng hon ton c
cht rn Y c khi lng bng 50,4% khi lng ca X. Thnh phn % khi
lng ca CaCO3 trong X l:
A.60%.
C.45,5%
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11 Tuyt chiu Ha hc
B.54,5%.
D.40%.
Hng dn gii:
Dng 4. Bi ton trn ln hai cht rn

Th d 8. X l qung hbnatit cha 60% Fe2O3. Y l qung mTietit cha 69,6%
Fe3O4. Trn a tn qung X vi b tn qung Y thu c qung Z, m t 1 tn
qung Z c th iu ch c 0,5 tn gang cha 4% cacbon. T l a/b l:
A.5/2.
B.4/3.
C.3/4.
D.2/5.
Hng dn gii:
"Cht tan" y l Fe. % khi lng Fe trong cc qung ln lt l:
Trong qung X: C1 = 60(112/160) = 42%.
Trong qung Y: C2 = 69,6(168/1232) = 50,4%
Trong qung Z: C = (100 - 4) / 2 = 48%
Theo (1): a/b = ( | 50,4 - 48,0 | ) / ( | 42,0 - 48,0 | ) = 2/5
=> n n D
Th d 9. Nhit phn hon ton a gam hn hp X gm Al(OH)3 v Cu(OH)2 thu
c hn hp cht rn Y c khi lng 0,731a gam. Thnh phn % v khi
lng ca Al(OH)3 trong X l.
79
A. 47,5%.
B.50,0%
11 Tuyt chiu Ha hc
C.52,5%
D.55,0%
Hng dn gii:
Ta xbn nh y l bi ton trn ln 2 "dung dch" vi "cht tan" tng ng ln
lt l Al2O3 v CuO.
i vi Al(OH)3: 2Al(OH)3 => Al2O3 c C1 = (102 / 2.78)100 = 65,4%
i vi Cu(OH)2: Cu(OH)2 => CuO c C2 = (80 / 98)100 = 81,6%
Tng ham lng Al2O3 va CuO trong hn hp X:
C = (0,731a / a)100 = 73,1%
Theo (1): m Al(OH)3 / m Cu(OH)2 = ( | 81,6 - 73,1 | ) / ( | 65,4 - 73,1 | )
=> %m Al(OH)3 = (8,5.100) / ( 8,5 + 7,7 ) = 52,5% => ap an C
IV. BAI TP AP DUNG

Cu 1: thu c dung dich HCl 30% cn ly a gam dung dich HCl 55% pha
vi b gam dung dich HCl 15%. Ti l a/b la:
A. 2/5.
B. 3/5.
C. 5/3.
D. 5/2.
Cu 2: pha c 100 ml dung dich nc mui co nng mol 0,5M cn ly
V ml dung dich NaCl 2,5M. Gia tri cua V la:
A. 80,0.
B. 75,0.
C. 25,0.
D. 20,0.
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11 Tuyt chiu Ha hc
Cu 3: Hoa tan 10 gam SO3 vao m gam dung dich H2SO4 49,0% ta c dung
dich H2SO4 78,4%. Gia tri cua m la:
A. 6,67.
B. 7,35.
C. 13,61.
D. 20,0.
Cu 4: thu c 100 gam dung dich FeCl3 30% cn hoa tan a gam tinh th
FeCl3.6H2O vao b gam dung dich FeCl3 10%. Gia tri cua b la:
A. 22,2.
B. 40,0.
C. 60,0.
D. 77,8.
Cu 5: Mt hn hp gm CO va CO2 iu kin tiu chun co ti khi i vi
hidro la 18,2. Thanh phn % v th tich cua CO2 trong hn hp la:
A. 45,0%.
B. 47,5%.
C. 52,5%.
D. 55,0%.
Cu 6: Cn tren 2 th tich metan vi 1 th tich hidrocacbon X thu c hn
hp khi co ti khi hi so vi hidro bng 15. X la:
A. C4H10.
B. C3H8.
C. C4H8.
D. C3H6.
Cu 7: Mt loti khi lo cc (thanh phn chinh la CH4 va H2) co ti khi so vi He la
1,725. Th tich H2 co trong 200,0 ml khi lo cc o la:
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11 Tuyt chiu Ha hc
A. 20,7 ml.
B. 179,3 ml.
C. 70,0 ml.
D. 130,0 ml.
Cu 8: Thm 150 ml dung dich KOH 2M vao 120 ml dung dich H3PO4 1M. Khi
lng cac mui thu c trong dung dich la:
A. 9,57 gam K2HPO4; 8,84 gam KH2PO4.
B. 10,44 gam K2HPO4; 12,72 gam K3PO4.
C. 10,24 gam K2HPO4; 13,50 gam KH2PO4.
D. 13,05 gam K2HPO4; 10,60 gam K3PO4.
Cu 9: Hoa tan 2,84 gam hn hp 2 mui CaCO3 va MgCO3 bng dung dich HCl
d, thu c 0,672 lit khi iu kin tiu chun. Thanh phn % s mol cua
MgCO3 trong hn hp la:
A. 33,33%.
B. 45,55%.
C. 54,45%.
D. 66,67%.
Cu 10: X la khoang vt cuprit cha 45% Cu2O. Y la khoang vt tenorit cha
70% CuO. Cn trn X va Y theo ti l khi lng t = mx/my c qung C, ma
t 1 tn qung C co th iu ch c ti a 0,5 tn ng nguyn cht. Gia tri
cua t la:
A. 5/3.
B. 5/4.
C. 4/5.
D. 3/5.
Cu 11: Nhit phn hoan toan 108 gam hn hp X gm Na2CO3 va NaHCO3
c cht rn Y co khi lng bng 75,4% khi lng cua X. Khi lng
naHCO3 co trong X la:
A. 54,0 gam.
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11 Tuyt chiu Ha hc
B. 27,0 gam.
C. 72,0 gam.
D. 36,0 gam.
Cu 12: t chay hoan toan 21,0 gam dy st trong khng khi thu c 29, 4
gam hn hp cac oxit Fe2O3 va Fe3O4. Khi lng Fe2O3 tao thanh la:
A. 12,0 gam.
B. 13,5 gam.
C. 16,5 gam.
D. 18,0 gam.
Cu 13: t chay hoan toan 15,68 lit hn hp khi (ktc) gm 2 hidrocacbon
thuc cung day dng ng, co khi lng phn t hn kem nhau 28 vC, thu
c n CO2 / n H2O = 24/31. CTPT va % khi lng tng ng vi cac
hidrocacbon ln lt la:
A. C2H6 (28,57%) va C4H10 (71,43%).
B. C3H8 (78,57%) va C5H12 (21,43%).
C. C2H6 (17,14%) va C4H10 (82,86%).
D. C3H8 (69,14%) va C5H12 (30,86%).
Cu 14: Cho 6,72 gam Fe vao dung dich cha 0,3 mol H2SO4 c, nong (gia
thit SO2 la san phm kh duy nht). Sau khi phan ng xay ra hoan toan, thu
c:
A. 0,03 mol Fe2(SO4)3 va 0,06 mol FeSO4.
B. 0,12 mol FeSO4.
C. 0,02 mol Fe2(SO4)3 va 0,08 mol FeSO4.
D. 0,06 mol Fe2(SO4)3.
Cu 15: thu c dung dich HCl 25% cn ly m1 gam dung dich HCl 45%
pha vi m2 gam dung dich HCl 15%. Ti l m1/m2 la:
A. 1:2.
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11 Tuyt chiu Ha hc
B. 1:3.
C. 2:1.
D. 3:1.
Cu 16: pha 500 ml dung dich nc mui sinh li (C = 0,9%) cn ly V ml
dung dich NaCl 3%. Gia tri cua V la:
A. 150.
B. 214,3.
C. 285,7.
D. 350.
Cu 17: Mt hn hp gm O2, O3 ktc co ti khi hi i vi hidro la 18. Thanh
phn % v th tich O3 trong hn hp la:
A. 15%.
B. 25%.
C. 20%.
D. 30%.
Cu 18: S lit nc nguyn cht cn thm vao 1 lit dung dich H2SO4 98% (d =
1,84 g/ml) c dung dich mi co nng 10% la:
A. 14,192.
B. 15,192.
C. 16,192.
D. 17,192.
Cu 19: Hoa tan 2,84 gam hn hp 2 mui CaCO3 va MgCO3 bng dung dich
HCl d, thu c 0,672 lit khi ktc. Thanh phn % s mol cua MgCO3 trong
hn hp la:
A. 66,67%.
B. 54,45%.
C. 45,55%.
84
11 Tuyt chiu Ha hc
D. 33,33%.
ap an:
1B - 2D - 3D - 4C - 5C - 6A - 17D
8B - 9A - 10D - 11C - 12A - 13C - 14A - 15A - 16A - 17B - 18C - 19D
85

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Nhn xt: Vi cc bi ton hn hp phc tp c s cht trong hn hp ln hn 2 cht

Ta c nFe ban u = 0,15 mol

(0,15 - 0,1) = 0,05 0,025

Theo bi ra ta c: Fe + 6HNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + 3NO2 + 3H2O.

FeO + 4HNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + NO2 + 2H2O

Gi a, b l s mol ca Fe v FeO 3a + b = 0,1 (1) v a + b = 0,15 (2)

Cu 2: Ho tan ht m gam hn hp X gm Fe2O3,Fe3O4,FeO bng HNO3 c nng thu

Cu 3: Ho tan hon ton 49,6gam hn hp X gm Fe,Fe2O3,Fe3O4,FeO bng H2SO4 c

b) Khi lng mui trong dung dch Y l

Cu 4: kh hon ton 3,04 gam hnn hp X gm Fe2O3,Fe3O4,FeO th cn 0,05 mol

Cu 5: Nung m gam bt Fe trong oxi khng kh , sau phn ng thu c 3 gam hn hp

Cu 6: Hn hp X gm Fe,Fe2O3,Fe3O4,FeO vi s mol moi cht l 0,1 mol . HO tan

Cu 7: Nung 8,96 gam Fe trong khng kh , sau phn ng thu c hn hp cht rn A

Cu 8: Cho 41,76 gam hn hp A gm FeO, Fe2O3 v Fe3O4 trong s mol FeO = s

b lng khi NO thoat ra bn trn vi lng O2 va u hn hp

Tuyt chiu s 11 (Phng Phap ng cheo)

B. 9,75. C. 14,625. D. 19,5.

Cu 5: Cho 11,36 gam hn hp gm Fe, FeO, Fe2O3 v Fe3O4 phn ng ht vi dung

Cu 13: Hn hp X gm Mg, MgS v S. Ho tan hon ton m gam X trong HNO3 c,

S ha bng tuyt chiu s 3.

Gi a l s mol Fe c trong m (g). Theo nguyn l bo ton nguyn t Fe ta c:

Thay vai tr oxi ha ca H2SO4 bng Oxi.

Th by, 09 Thng 5 2009 17:19 Ti quang dung

Gi x l s mol ca Fe c trong m gam. Theo nguyn l bo ton th s mol Fe

Bi 1: Ho tan hon ton 4,431 gam hn hp Al v Mg trong HNO3 long thu

Tuyt chiu s 5(Bo ton Electron)

2NO3- + 8e + 10H+ = N2O + 5H2O

3a + 8b = 0,04 + 0,09 = 0,13 (I)

S mol dd HNO3 21% = (0,172 . 63 . 100) / 21 = 21,6(g)

NO3- + e + 2H+ = NO2 + H2O

cht rn E gm ba kim loi. Cho E tc dng vi dung dch HCl d c 0,672 lt

x + 2y = 0,04 + 0,09 = 0,013 (I)

CM AgNO3 = 0,03 / 0,2 = 0,15M.

2NO3- + 8e + 10H+ = N2O + 5H2O

2NO3- + 8e + 10H+ = N2O + 5H2O

2NO3- + 10e + 12H+ = N2 + 6H2O

2NO3- + 8e + 10H+ = NH4NO3 + 3H2O

Phn ng ca dung dch Y vi NaOH:

NO3- + 3e + 4H+ = NO + 2H2O

NO3- + e + 2H+ = NO2 + H2O

Fe2O3 + 6HNO3 = Fe(NO3)3 + 3H2SO4

NO3- + 3e + 4H+ = NO + 2H2O

3a = 4(12 - 56a)/32 + 0,3 a = 0,18

gam cht rn A trong ng s v 11,2 lt kh B (ktc) c t khi so vi H2 l 20,4.

Nh vy, cht rn A c th gm 3 cht Fe, FeO, Fe3O4 hoc t hn, iu

Mt khc, c hai phn t ancol th to ra mt phn t ete v mt phn t H2O.

V d 4: Ho tan hon ton 23,8 gam hn hp mt mui cacbonat ca cc kim

MR'OH = 6,4/0,2 = 32 (gam) Ancol CH3OH.

R + (44 + 15) .2 = 118 R = 0.

CTPT ca este l C4H8O2

- Phn 2: Tc dng vi H2 d (Ni, t0) th thu c hn hp A. bn t chy

Bi 2: Cho 15 gam hn hp 3 amin n chc, bc mt tc dng va vi dung

Bi 3: Trn 8,1 gam bt Al vi 48 gam bt Fe2O3 ri cho tin hnh phn ng

Bi 4: Ho tan hon ton 10 gam hn hp X gm 2 kim loi (ng trc H trong

Bi 5: Nhit phn hon ton m gam hn hp X gm CaCO3 v Na2CO3 thu c

b. Nu dng dung dch HNO3 2M v ly d 25% th th tch dung dch cn ly l

Bi 9: Ho tan hon ton 15,9 gam hn hp gm 3 kim loi Al, Mg v Cu bng

6. B. 7. D. 8. a-D, b-B 9. B. 10. A

Trong mi trng hp, gii h phng trnh va lp. Nu cc nghim u

Tng s mol electron cho: 2a + 2b (mol)

- Zn phn ng ht, Cu tham gia phn ng mt phn.

Ta c: 27x + 56(y + z) = 4,15 (1)

Fe + 4HNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + NO + 2H2O