Nhap Da Trang Bi Dien Cua Ha

TRNG HSP KT VINH N TRANG B IN
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SVTH: H Vn H - 1 - Lp H in B_K3
LI NI U
Trong cng cuc xy dng v i mi t nc th vic pht trin khoa hc k thut
ng dng vo lnh vc cng nghip. nc ta nhp kh nhiu cc loi my mc, thit b
hin i. Do vy i hi qu trnh ging dy cho hc sinh, sinh vin phi trang b nhng
kin thc c bn v nguyn l hot ng cng nh nguyn tc vn hnh ca trang thit b
nhm nm bt kp thi vi thc t ca x hi trong hin ti v trong nhng nm ti.
Trong qu trnh hc tp ti trng em c hc mn hc Trang B in, cng c
kin thc mn hc ny c nhiu ti n mn hc v cc loi my khc nhau giao
cho sinh vin. Em nhn ti: thit k h truyn ng chnh cho my tin. Thit k h
truyn ng chnh cho my tin l ti tng i kh, trong thi gian lm n va qua
vi s ni lc ca bn thn cng s gip ch o tn tnh ca cc thy, c gio trong b
mn trang b in c bit l s gip ch o tn tnh ca thy Trn Duy Trinh em
hon thnh xong n ny.
n ca em gm 7 chng:
Chng 1: Tng quan v my tin
Chng 2: La chn phng n truyn ng
Chng 3: Tnh chn cc thit b mch ng lc
Chng 4: Thit k h thng iu khin
Chng 5: Xy dng s cu trc ca h truyn ng
Chng 6: Xt n nh v hiu chnh h thng
Chng 7: Thuyt minh s nguyn l ca h thng
Trong qu trnh thit k n, vi kin thc cn hn ch nn khng trnh khi nhng
sai st. V vy, em rt mong s ng gp kin ca cc thy c n mn hc ca em
c hon thin hn v bn thn em c kinh nghim b sung kin thc c tt hn. Em
xin chn thnh cm n!
Vinh, ngy 18 thng 10 nm 2011
Sinh vin thc hin

H Vn H

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KHOA IN

CHNG I
TNG QUAN V MY TIN
1. KHI NIM CHUNG
1.1 c im cng ngh
Nhm my tin rt a dng, gm cc my tin n gin, Rvonve, my tin vn nng,
chuyn dng, my tin ct, my tin ng. Trn my tin c th thc hin c nhiu cng
ngh tin khc nhau: Tin tr ngoi, tin tr trong, tin mt u, tin cn, tin nh hnh.
Trn my tin c th thc hin c doa, khoan v tin ren, bng cc dao ct, dao doa, tar
ren. Kch thc gia cng trn my tin c th t c vi milimt n hng chc mt (Trn
my tin ng)

1 : Thn my
2 : trc
3 : Bn dao
4 : sau

Dng bn ngoi my tin
Chuyn ng chnh ca my tin lm vic ch di hn, l chuyn ng quay
ca mm cp, chuyn ng tnh tin lin tc ca bn dao. Cc chuyn ng ph gm
chuyn ng phanh cu dao v sau, ko phi, bm nc, nng h, kp v ni x v.v...
cc my c nh, ngi ta thng dng ng c lng sc ko cc truyn ng c
bn. Loi ng c ny c u im v mt kinh t ,n gin v c tnh c cng. iu chnh
tc bng phng php c kh, trong phm vi khng rng lm. Khi my yu cu phm vi
tc rng thng s dng ng c lng sc hai hay nhiu tc .
Mt trong nhng c im ca my tin c nng l yu cu iu chnh tc ng c
trong phm vi rng.V vy phn nhiu ngi ta dng ng c n mt chiu kt hp vi
tc 3- 4 cp. iu chnh tc in kh c thc hn bng cch thay i t thng ng
c, hoc bng phng php iu chnh 2 vng
KHOA IN

1.2 Cc thng s c trng cho ch ct gt ca my tin
a. Tc ct: L tc di chuyn tng i ca bn dao so vi chi tit ti im tip
xc. y l thng s c bn xc inh ch lm vic ca my v tnh ton ch ct
gt ca my, n ph thuc vo cc yu t nh vt liu lm dao v chi tit gia cng.
- Lng n dao: S (mm/vg)
- Chiu su ct : t (mm)
- Tui th ca dao : T
Tc ct c xc inh theo biu thc kinh nghim :
yV xV m
V
Z
S t T
C
V
. .
= (m/ph)
Trong :
- t l chiu su ct
- T l tui th ( bn) ca dao
- S l lng n dao khi chi tit quay c mt vng.
- C
V
, x
V
, y
V
, m l h s m ph thuc vo chi tit gia cng, vt liu lm giao
v phng php gia cng. Vt liu gia cng l gang, thp CT5 vt liu lm giao bng thp
hp kim cng cao, nn chn
C
V
= 200; x
V
= 0,15 - 0,2 chn : x
V
= 0,2 ; y
V
= 0,35 - 0,8 chn : y
V
= 0,35 ; m = 0,1 -
0,2 chn: m = 0,1; T = 60 - 80 ph chn: T = 60 ph.
m bo nng sut cao nht, s dng my trit nht th trong qu trnh gia cng
phi lun t tc ti u, n c xc nh bi nhng thng s: su ct t, lng n dao
S v tc trc chnh ng vi ng knh chi tit xc nh. Khi tin ngang chi tit c ng
knh ln, trong qu trnh gia cng ng knh chi tit gim dn, duy tr tc ct (m/s)
ti u l hng s th phi tng lin tc tc gc ca trc chnh theo quan h.
V
Z
= 0,5.d
ct
.
ct
e .60.10
-3
(m/ph)
Trong : - d
ct
- l ng knh chi tit (mm),
-
ct
e - tc gc ca chi tit (rad/s)
b. Lc ct: L lc tc ng ti im tip xc gia dao v chi tit, lc y ti im tip xc
gi l lc php tuyn chia lm ba thnh phn:
KHOA IN

- Lc tip tuyn F
z
: chng li s quay ca chi tit,
- Lc dc trc F
X
: chng li s di chuyn ca bn dao.
- Lc hng knh F
Y
: Chng li s t ca dao v chi tit.
T l cc thnh phn lc : F
z
: F
Y
: F
X
= 1 : 0,4 : 0,25

Lc ct l thng s quan trng xc nh t cc ch ct ca my.Thng thng lc
ct c xc nh theo cng thc kinh nghim:
F
Z
= 9,81.C
F
.t
xF
. S
yF
.V
n
Z

Trong : C
F
, X
F
, Y
F
, n l h s v m ph thuc vo vt liu lm dao, chi tit gia
cng v phng php gia cng.
c. Cng sut ct:
L cng sut yu cu ca c cu chuyn ng chnh. Qu trnh tin xy ra vi cng
sut ct l hng s v c xc nh.
P
Z
=
3
10 . 60
.
Z Z
V F
(kW)
Bi v lc ct ln nht F
max
sinh ra khi lng n dao v su n dao ln, tng ng
vi tc ct nh V
zmin
; cn gi l lc ct nh nht F
max
,xc nh bi t, s tng ng vi
tc ct V
zmin
; ngha l tng ng vi h thc :
F
max
. V
zmin
= F
min
V
zmax
.
S ph thuc ca lc ct vo tc nh hnh v:

d. Thi gian my:
L thi gian gia cng chi tit, n cn c gi l thi gian cng ngh hay thi gian
hu ch. tnh thi gian my phi cn c vo cc yu t ca ch ct gt v phng
php gia cng.
KHOA IN

t
M
=
ad
V
L
3
10 .

(s)
t
M
=
S n
L
.
(ph)
Trong : - L l chiu di gia cng
- V
ad
l tc n dao
- S l lng n dao
- n tc quay ca chi tit vg/ph
Nh vy gim thi gian gia cng, ta phi tng tc ct, lng n dao v nng sut
s tng
1.3 Ph ti ca c cu truyn ng c bn ca my tin
a. Trong truyn ng chnh ca my tin lc ct l lc hu ch ca my n ph thuc
vo ch ct ( t, S, V ) vt liu chi tit lm dao
Chuyn ng chnh ca my tin l chuyn ng quay c xc nh:
M
Z
=
2
.d F
Z
(N.m)
Trong : - F
Z
l lc ct (N)
- d l ng knh gia cng (m)
M men hu ch trn trc ng c:
M
hi
=
i
d F
Z
. 2
.
(N.m)
i - l t s truyn t trc ng c n trc chnh ca my.
* i vi chuyn ng chnh l chuyn ng tnh tin:
M
hi
= F
Z
. (N.m)
- l bn knh quy i lc ct v trc ng c.
* M men cn tnh trn trc ng c :
M
c
=
q
hi
M
(N.m)
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q - l hiu sut ca b truyn t trc ng c n trc chnh .
Vi my tin ng do c chuyn ng trt trn bng my nn c xut hin lc ma
st ni g trt ca my.
F
ms
= F
N
. = [ g.(m
b
+ m
ct
) + F
y
]. (N)
F
N
l lc y tc dng ln g trt
l h s ma st trt ph thuc vo tc mm cp tc nh mc
* ch xc lp lc ko ca cc chuyn ng mm cp c xc nh l tng lc
ct v lc ma st.
F
K
= F
Z
+ F
ms
= F
Z
+ [g (m
b
+ m
ct
) + F
y
] . (N)
Khi m men trn trc ng c ng vi chuyn ng quayl:
M
c
=
q . 2
.
i
d F
K
(N.m)
i vi chuyn ng tnh tin l :
M
c
=
q
.
Z
F
(N.m)
b. C cu truyn ng n dao
- Trong lc truyn ng n dao ng c thc hin di chuyn bn dao hoc chi tit
m bo qu trnh gia cng. H truyn ng n dao c thc hin bng nhiu phng n
khc nhau.

1. ng c truyn ng
2. Hp gim tc
3. Trc vt
4. Bnh vt
5. Bn dao
6. Bng my
KHOA IN

ng c truyn ng n dao s m bo mt lc cn thit di chuyn tnh tin bn
dao. Lc ny c xc nh bi lc cn chuyn ng khi di chuyn bn dao:
F
ad
= k.F
x
+ F
ms
+ F
d
(N)
- k = (1,2 1,5) l h s d tr
- F
ms
- l lc ma st ca bn dao hng g trt
- F
d
- l lc dnh.
F
ms
= .(g.m
b
+ F
Y
+ F
Z
) (N)
- l h s ma st ca bn dao theo hng g trt
Lc dnh sinh ra khi khi ng bn dao:
F
d
= | .S (N)
| - p sut dnh, thng bng 0,5 M/m
2

S - din tch b mt tip xc g trt ca bn dao (cm
2
)
Cc thnh phn lc n dao: F
x
, F
ms
, F
d
khng ng thi trong qu trnh lm vic. Nn
khi xc nh ph ti truyn ng n dao phn ra thnh hai ch lm vic l khi ng lm
vic v n dao lm vic.
Khi khi ng, lc n dao xc nh bi 2 lc ma st do khi lng c b phn di
chuyn v lc dnh:
F
ad.k
=
0
.g.m
b
+F
d
(N)
Vi
0
= 0,2 0,3 - h s ma st khi khi ng
Khi c cu n dao lm vic, lc n dao c tnh:
F
ad.lv
= k.F
x
+ .( g.m
b
+F
y
+ F
x
) (N)
Vi h s ma st khi lm vic, = 0,05 0,15.
* M men trc vt v tn c xc nh theo biu thc
M
tv
= 0,5 . F
ad
. d
tv
. tg( ) o + (N.m)
Trong : d
tv
- ng knh trung bnh ca trc vt v tn (mm)
o - gc lch ca ng ren trc vt ()
- gc ma st ca ng ren trc vt ( )
KHOA IN

* M men cn tnh trn trc ng c c xc nh bng cng thc:
M
c
=
q . i
M
tv
(N.m)
i, q - l t s v hiu sut ca b truyn
Khi xc nh cng sut ng c truyn ng n dao ln lt chn t iu kin m men
ln nht trong hai tr s m men tng ng vi hai lc n dao khi khi ng v lm vic.
Bi v truyn ng n dao thng c phm vi iu chnh tc rng nn ng c cn c
kim tra theo iu kin mmen cn tnh tc nh nht c tnh n s gim m men ng
c do iu kin lm mt xu v kim tra theo iu kin m men khi ng.

th ph ti ca truyn ng
chnh
th ph ti truyn ng n dao
c. Ph ti ca c cu truyn ng chnh my tin:
Truyn ng chnh my tin ng c c th ring.Trn my tin ng chi tit gia
cng c ng knh ln v c t trn mm cp nm ngang.Do trng lng mm cp v
chi tit ln nn lc ma st g trt v hp tc kh ln. V vy ph ti trn trc ng c
truyn ng chnh l tng cc thnh phn lc ct, lc ma st g trt, lc ma st hp tc
. th biu din cc thnh phn cng sut ca truyn ng chnh my tin:

KHOA IN

- P
1
l cng sut khc phc lc ct,
- P
2
l cng sut khc phc lc ma st g trt,
- P
3
, P
4
l cng sut khc phc lc ma st trong hp tc tng ng do lc ma
st v s quay ca mm cp.
- P
5
l tng cng sut ca truyn ng chnh.
1.4 Kho st, ly thng s ca my tin
Trong thi gian nhn ti n mn hc Trang B in em tm hiu v mt s
loi my tin, trong c my tin 1K62 ca Lin X s dng loi ng c mt chiu
100 HH c cng sut 10kW, tc nh mc 1090 (vg/ph), v bo v, lm vic di hn,
pham vi iu chnh tc 1:2.

KHOA IN

CHNG II
LA CHN PHNG N TRUYN NG
2.1 KHI NIM CHUNG
Ngy nay vi s pht trin mnh m ca khoa hc k thut, cc my sn xut ngy
mt a dng dn n h thng trang b in ngy cng phc tp v i hi s chnh xc v
tin cy cao.Mt h thng truyn ng khng nhng phi m bo c yu cu cng ngh,
m cn phi n nh.Tu theo loi my cng tc m c nhng yu cu khc nhau, rt cn
thit cho gi n nh tc , m men vi chnh xc no trc s bin ng v ti v
cc thng s ngun. Do b bin i nng lng in xoay chiu thnh mt chiu v
ang c s dng rng ri.
B bin i ny c th s dng nhiu thit b khc nhau to ra nh h thng my
pht, khuych i t, h thng van.Chng c iu khin theo nhng nguyn tc khc
nhau vi nhng u im khc nhau. Do c c mt phng n ph hp vi tng loi
cng ngh i hi cc nh thit k phi so snh nhng ch tiu kinh t - k thut a ra
phng n ti u.
2.1.1 Ni dung phng n:
Trn thc t, c rt nhiu phng n gii quyt. Tuy nhin mi phng n c nhng
u nhc im ca n. Nhim v ca nh thit k phi chn ra phng n ti u nht.
i vi nhng h thng truyn ng in n gin khng c nhng yu cu cao th ch
cn dng ng c in xoay chiu vi h thng truyn ng n gin.Vi h thng truyn
ng phc tp c yu cu cao v cng ngh, cht lng nh iu chnh trn, di iu chnh
rng th phi dng ng c in mt chiu. Cc h iu chnh km theo phi m bo cc
yu cu cng ngh v c kh nng t ng ha cao.
Nh vy, chn c h thng truyn ng ph hp th chng ta phi da vo cng
ngh ca my, cng sut lm vic a ra nhng phng n c th p ng yu cu
ca n. chn c phng n tt nht trong cc phng n t ra th cn phi so snh v
k thut v kinh t.
i vi truyn ng ca ng c in mt chiu th b bin i rt quan trng, n
quyt nh n cht lng h thng.Do vy vic la chn phng n v la chn b bin
i thng qua vic xt cc h thng.

KHOA IN

2.1.2 ngha ca vic la chn
Vic la chn phng n hp l c mt ngha c bit quan trng, n c th hin
qua cc mt.
+ m bo c yu cu cng ngh my sn xut.
+ m bo c s lm vic lu di, tin cy.
+ Gim gi thnh sn phm, tng nng sut.
+ D dng sa cha, thay th khi xy ra s c.
2.2 Cc phng n truyn ng
2.2.1 H truyn ng my pht - ng c: (F - )
Trong h truyn ng my pht - ng c (F - ) ngun cung cp phn ng ng c l
b bin i my in (my pht iu khin kch t c lp).
S nguyn l:

ng c truyn ng cho my sn xut, my sn xut c cp in phn ng t
my pht F. ng c s cp ko my pht F v ng c mt chiu KB K, ng c K
cng ko my pht t kch t K cp in kch t cho ng c v my pht F.
Bin tr RKK dng iu chnh dng in kch t ca my pht t kch t F. Ngha
l iu chnh in p pht ra cp cho cc cun kch t my pht KTF v cun dy ng
c KT . Bin tr RKF dng iu chnh dng kch t my pht F, do in p pht ra
ca my pht F t vo phn ng ng c . Bin tr RK dng iu chnh dng kch
t ng c, do thay i tc ng c nh thay i t thng.
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Phng trnh c tnh c ca ng c ca ng c
d
u u
d
k
R I
k
U
u
u
=
.
e

Vi U = U
F
- R .I

hay
u
d
uE uD
d
I
k
R R
k
F E
.
.
u
u
= e

T phng trnh c tnh c ca
h F - ta c h c tnh c ca h l
nhng ng thng song song nm c
bn gc phn t ca mt phng ta
vi c tnh cng

* nh gi cht lng ca h thng:
- u im:
+ Phm vi iu chnh d dng v ln
+ C kh nng iu chnh rt bng phng
+ Tn hao khi m my, o chiu quay v khi iu chnh tc b, v qu trnh nu
c thc hin trn mt kch t.
+ C th o chiu ng c mt cch d dng.
+ C kh nng qu ti cao.
+ c tnh qu tt, thi gian qu ngn
+ in p u ra ca my pht bng phng c li cho ng c
+ C kh nng gi cho c tnh c ca ng c cao v khng i trong qu trnh lm
vic.
- Nhc im:
+ H thng s dng nhiu my in quay cho nn gy n, kt cu c kh cng knh
chim nhiu din tch
+ Tng cng sut t ln.
KHOA IN

+ Vn u t ban u ln.
+ My in mt chiu thng c t d ln, c tnh t ha c tr nn kh iu chnh
su tc .
2.2.2 H truyn ng tiristo - ng c (T - ):

S gm:
- FT: My pht tc dng phn hi m tc phn ng ca ng c.
- BB: B bin i dng tiristor bin i in p xoay chiu thnh in p mt
chiu cp cho ng c.
- : ng c mt chiu kch t c lp ko my sn xut
-TH&K: Khu tng hp v khuych i tn hiu.
- U
Cd
: tn hiu t vo.
- .n: tn hiu phn hi m tc
* Nguyn l lm vic ca h thng:
Gi thit ban u h thng c ng vo li in vi in p thch hp, lc ny
ng c vn cha lm vic. Khi t vo h thng mt in p ng vi mt tc no
ca ng c thng qua khu tng hp khuych i v mch pht xung (FX) s xut hin cc
xung a ti cc iu khin ca cc van b bin i. Nn lc ny cc van ang t in
p thun th van s m. u ra ca BB c in p U
Cd
t ln phn ng ca ng c
dn n ng c quay, tc ca n ng vi U
Cd
ban u.
Trong qu trnh lm vic, nu mt nguyn nhn no lm cho tc ng c gim
th ta thy: U
k
= U
cd
- .n, nn khi n gim
U
k
tng
o gim
tng
n tng
ti im lm vic yu cu. Khi n tng qu mc cho php th qu trnh xy ra ngc li,
chnh l qu trnh n nh tc .

KHOA IN

* H c tnh ca h thng
Sc in ng ca BB
E
b
= E
bm
.coso = U
b
(U
b
= U u ra ca b bin i)
E
b
= K
k
= U
c
. K
b
(U
- .n)
o = arc cos.
bm
d b dk
E
n U K K ) . (

Phng trnh c tnh c ca h thng:
d d
u b
d d
d b dk
d d
u b
d d
d
K
R R
K
n U K K
K
R R
K
U
u
+
u

=
u
+
u
=
. .
) .( .
.
e
u
b dk
u b
b dk
d b dk
I
K K
R R
K K
U K K
. . 1 . . 1
. .

e
+
+
+
=

* nh gi cht lng ca h thng:
- u im:
+ Tc ng nhanh khng gy n v d t ng ha do cc van bn dn c h s
khuych i cng sut cao.
+ Cng sut tn hao nh, kch thc v trng lng nh.Gi thnh h d bo dng
sa cha.
- Nhc im:
+ Mch iu khin phc tp, in p chnh lu c biu p mch cao, gy n tn
tht ph ng k trong ng c v h thng.
+ Chuyn i lm vic kh khn hn do ng c tnh nm trong mt phng ta
.
KHOA IN

+ Trong thnh phn ca h bin i c my bin p nn h s cos thp.
+ Do vai tr ch dn dng mt chiu nn vic chuyn i ch lm vic kh khn
i vi cc h thng o chiu.
+ Do c vng lm vic gin on ca c tnh nn khng ph hp truyn ng ng
c ti nh.
a. Cc s ni dy ca h truyn ng tiritor ng c (T )
Trong k thut in hin nay c nhiu trng hp phi s dng ngun in p mt
chiu c tr s thay i c cung cp cho cc ph ti khc nhau tu thuc mc ch s
dng.Cc ngun in p mt chiu nh my pht in mt chiu, cc b bin i tnh
(Khuych i t) c kh nhiu nhc im, trong c nhc im c bn l tn tht ring
kh ln. Cng vi s pht trin ca k thut bn dn v vi mch in t th vic s dng cc
b chnh lu bn dn c iu khin ngy cng c ph bin v c nhiu u vit.
* S ni dy hnh tia:

Hnh 2 1: S nguyn l h thng CL - hnh tia 3 pha v s thay th
c im ca s ni dy hnh tia:
- S van chnh lu bng s pha ca ngun cung cp
- Cc van c mt in cc cng tn ni chung, in cc cn li ni vi ngun xoay
chiu. Nu in cc ni chung l katt, ta c s catt chung, nu in cc ni chung l
ant, ta c s ni ant chung.
- H thng in p ngun xoay chiu m pha phi c im trung tnh. trung tnh ngun
l in cc cn li ca in p chnh lu

KHOA IN

* S hnh cu:
c im ca s chnh lu cu:
- S van chnh lu bng 2 ln s pha ca in p ngun cung cp, trong c m van c
katt ni chung (cc van 1, 3, 5) to thnh cc dng ca in p ngun ; m van c ant
chung ( 2, 4, 6) to thnh cc m ca in p chnh lu
- Mi pha ca in p ngun ni vi 2 van, 1 nhm ant chung, 1 nhm katt
chung.

Hnh 2 - 2: S nguyn l h thng CL- hnh cu 3 pha v s thay th
b. Nguyn l lm vic ca BB xoay chiu - mt chiu
* S tia:
Xt s tia 3 pha katt ni chung
mt Thyristor m cn c 2 iu kin
- in p Ant - Katt phi dng ( U
A
> 0)
- C tn hiu iu khin t vo in cc
iu khin v Katt ca van
Do c im va nu m trong s tia 3 pha

KHOA IN

cc van ch m trong mt gii hn nht nh.
V d: pha A, trong khong e t = 0 t . u
A
> 0 Tuy nhin cc khong e t = 0 t / 6
u
C
> u
A
v e t = 5t /6 t u
b
> u
A

Nh vy van T1 ni vo pha A ch c th m trong khong e t = t /6 - 5t /6. Trong
khong ny nu tn hiu n cc iu khin ca T1 th T1 m.Tng t vi T2 v T3.
Thi im o
0
= e t = t /6 c gi l thi im m t nhin ca s chnh lu 3
pha.Nu truyn tn hiu m van chm hn thi im m t nhin mt gc in th
khong dn dng cu van s thay i (nh hn 2t /3) dn n tr s trung bnh ca in p
chnh lu s gim i. Khi gc m o cng ln th U
d
cng nh
* S cu:
T kt cu ca s chnh lu cu ta c nhn xt: c dng qua ph ti th trong s
phi c t nht 2 van cng thng, mt nhm ant chung, mt nhm katt chung. Vy
vi gi thit l s lm vic ch dng lin tc v b qua qu trnh chuyn mch th
khi b chnh lu cu m pha lm vic, mt thi im bt k trong s lun c 2 van c
th dn dng khi c xung iu khin: Van nhm katt chung ni vi pha c in p dng
nht v van nhm ant chung ni vi pha c in p m nht. Thi im m t nhin ca
s cu cng c xc nh nh i vi s tia c s pha tng ng:

- iu khin in p chnh lu trn ph ti mt chiu ta thay i thi im a
xung iu khin n cc cc iu khin ca cc van, lm thay i khong dn dng ca van
lm in p trung bnh ca chnh lu thay i.
c im ca cc s hnh tia l ngoi cc thi gian chuyn mch cc van ng vi
(l khong thi gian khi mt van no ang ngng lm vic v van tip sau ang bt u
KHOA IN

lm vic )dng in ph ti i
d
bng dng in trong van ang m. Do dng in trong
mch ph ti c xc nh bi sc in ng pha lm vic ca my bin p, cn st p
trong b bin i th c xc nh bi st p trn pha .
s cu, bn ngoi chu k chuyn mch vn c hai van lm vic ng thi .Dng
in ph ti chy lin tip qua hai van v hai pha ca my bin p di tc dng ca hiu s
sc in ng ca cc van tng ng, ngha l di tc dng ca sc in ng dy. Sau
mt chu k bin thin ca in p xoay chiu c su van ca b bin i u tham gia lm
vic.
Tr s trung bnh ca sc in ng chnh lu E
d
trng thi dng in lin tc c
xc nh nh sau :
E
d
= E
m
coso
Trong E
m
l tr s cch i ca sc in ng chnh lu ng vi trng hp 0 = o
Vi s 3 pha hnh tia tr s cc i ca sc in ng chnh lu l: E
m1
=1,17E
2f

.Vi s cu l E
m2
=2,34E
2f

Trong E
2f
l tr s hiu dng ca s.. pha th cp my bin p
Kt lun: ph hp vi yu cu ca ti th ta chn b chnh lu cu 3 pha.
c. Dng in chnh lu trn ph ti mt chiu:
Do in p chnh lu lp i lp li 2m (hoc m) ln trong mt chu k ca in p
ngun nn ch xc lp th dng qua ti cng lp i lp li nh vy (tu thuc s
chnh lu l tia hay cu, s pha chn hay l). Nh vy ch cn bit dng v p trn ti trong
khong thi gian l 1/m chu k hay l tng ng gc in 2 / q ( q = 2m hoc q =
m). xc nh dng v p trn ti ta da vo s thay th ca chnh lu trong mt
khong thi gian lm vic ca mt van.

Hnh 2 - 3: S thay th ca chnh lu trong khong thi gian lm vic ca
van
KHOA IN

- U: tng i s in p ngun xoay chiu tc ng trong mch vng ni vi cc van
ang dn dng trong s thi gian ang xt.
- Nu l s tia th ch c 1 van m, u = u
f
.
- Nu l s cu th c 2 van 2 pha khc nhau cng lm vic, u = u
d
.
- Nu chn mc thi gian xt t = 0 l thi im bt u m mt van trong s th
u = U
m
.sin(e t + )
+ U
m
- Bin in p ngun (pha hoc dy)
+ - gc pha u
T c trng cho van ang dn dng, s tia l 1 van, s cu l 2 van ni tip
nhau, b qua st p trn van
- E
d
, R
d
, L
d
l cc phn t ca ph ti
- U
d
, I
d
- dng v p trn ti.
Phng trnh cn bng in p t s thay th:
R
d
.i
d
+ L
d
.
dt
di
d
= U
m
.sin( e + t ) - E
d

Gii phng trnh ny ta nhn c biu thc ca dng in chnh lu:
i
d
= i
0
+ I
m
.[1-
t
et
et
/
2
.
) ( 1
) sin(
t
e
arctg

+
] I
m
.[1-
2
) ( 1
) sin(
et
et e
+
+ arctg t
]
Tu thuc c tnh ph ti, dng s , gi tr gc iu khin m c th c cc ch
lm vic khc nhau:
- Nu trong ton b thi gian lm vic i
d
>0 ta c ch dng ti lin tc
- Nu trong mt chu k lm vic m dng ti c q khong bng khng v q khong
khc khng ( q = m nu l s tia, q = 2m nu l s cu ) ta c ch dng ti gin
on.
- Ch gii hn gia 2 ch nu trn c gi l ch dng bin lin tc.
d. o chiu trong h thng T
Trong nhiu trng hp cn phi thay i c chiu dng in qua ph ti ca b
chnh lu. Do tnh dn dng mt chiu ca cc van nn phi o chiu bng cng tc t
hoc s dng cc s c bit gm 2 b chnh lu, mi b dn dng theo mt chiu.
KHOA IN

C 2 b chnh lu iu khin l s u cho v s song song ngc.V mt
nguyn l th s u cho hoc s song song ngc hot ng tng t nh nhau. Khi
BB ny lm vic th BB kia ngh, khi i ch ca BB th dng in qua ti c i
chiu. Thc t ngi ta hay s dng s u song song ngc vi cc phng php iu
khin khc nhau.
iu khin 2 BB song song ngc c th s dng 2 phng php iu chnh:
- iu khin ring r (iu khin c lp): L s dng 2 b pht xung c lp nhau.
Khi b pht xung ny lm vic (pht xung m cho BB) th b kia ngh, do cc van
trong BB cn li khng th m c.Khi cn o chiu th cho b ny ngh, sau cho b
th 2 pht xung m cc van ca BB th 2.Phng php iu khin ny c nhc im
l tn s o chiu khng cao v cc van Thyristor cn c thi gian khi phc c tnh
kho ca n.
- iu khin ph thuc: C 2 b pht xung cng pht xung n cc BB, trong
mt b lm vic ch chnh lu, b cn li lm vic ch nghch lu ch.Khi s
dng phng php ny, s c dng in khng cn bng chy trong cc BB. hn ch
dng ny ngi ta s dng cc cun khng cn bng

Hnh 2 - 4: S ni song song ngc ca h thng CL - c o chiu quay.
Chn phng n iu khin chung

- c im ca phng php ny l hai mch chnh lu cng hot ng, tc l cng
c pht xung iu khin.Tuy nhin mt b phn lm vic ch chnh lu, l b xc
nh du ca in p mt chiu hoc xoay chiu ca ng c, cn b kia chy ch
nghc lu v sn sng chuyn sang ch chnh lu.
Hnh v l th d v b chnh lu o chiu s dng s cu ba pha. Do hai b chnh
lu cng u vo mt ti nn gi tr trung bnh ca chng phi bng nhau.

KHOA IN

2.2.3 H iu truyn ng iu chnh xung p ng c
+ S nguyn l

+ Nguyn l lm vic:
in p v dng in ca ng c u
, i ch c gi tr dng khi kha S thong ta c u

= u
N
, khi kha S ngt i
N
= 0; u
= 0 v i = i
D0
do tc dng duy tr dng ca in cm L. Cc
gi tr trung bnh ca in p v dng in phn ng U
, I v do sc in ng E ca
ng c khi ng v ngt lien tc kha S, s c xc nh nu bit lut ng ngt kha v
cc thong s ca mch. Nu ng ngt kha S vi tn s khng i th hot ng ca mch
tng t nh chnh lu mt pha, mt na chu k. Qu trnh dng in v in p trong ch
dng in lin tc:
- U
+ AU
L
+ AU
R
+ E = 0
L
E U
i
L
R
dt
di

= +
Ti thi im t = 0
+
kha S bt u thng v U
= U
N
, i = I
min
, nu coi s E khng i
trong mt chu k ng ngt ca kha S .
Ti thi im t = t
kha S bt u ngt:
i = I
max
= +

) 1 (
/ Tu t N
e
R
E U
I
min
.e
-t/Tu

Lc ny U
= 0 do van D
0
dn nn
L
E
i
L
R
dt
di
= +
Ti t = 0
+
, i = I
max

i =
R
E
(1- e
-t/Tu
) + I
max
.e
-t/Tu
; t
s t < T
S

i
k
i

i
N
U
N
D
0
i
D0
U

L

R

E

AU
R
AU
L
KHOA IN

Ti t = T t
, tc l ti t = T, i = I
min
ta c
i = I
min
=
R
E
(1- e
-(T-t)/Tu
) + I
max
.e
-(T-t)/Tu
Nu S thng lin tc t
= T th dng in trong mch phn ng s khng i v bng

I = I
max
= I
min
=
R
E U
N

+ Phng trnh c tnh c
I
K
R
K
U
U N
u
u
=
.
e
T phng trnh c tnh c ca h thng iu chnh xung p ng c ta c c tnh
iu chnh v c tnh c ca h thng

+ iu chnh xung p o chiu
h truyn ng c th lm vic ch hm ti sinh, c th dung s iu chnh
xung p loi B.

KHOA IN

Trong dng in phn ng c th o chiu, song sc in ng ng c ch c
chiu dng. Khi kha S
1
v van D
1
vn hnh, dng in phn ng lun dng, cng sut
in t ca ng c l P
t
= I.E < 0, my in lm vic ch ng c.
o chiu dng in ta a kha S
2
v van D
2
vo vn hnh cn kha S
1
th b ngt.
Nu E > 0 th dng in chy ngc li chiu ban u do mch ch c ngun duy nht l s
E, cng sut in t ca ng c P
t
= I.E > 0, cng sut ny c tch vo in cm L. Khi
S
2
ngt, trn in cm L sinh ra s t cm AU
L
> 0, cng chiu vi s quay E, tng hai
s ny tr nn ln hn in p ngun U
N
lm van D
2
dn dng ngc v ngun v tr li
ngun phn nng lng tch ly trong in cm L trc .
2.2.4 H thng bin tn ng c
a. Bin tn ngun p
S nguyn l

S gm 4 khi chnh: ngun in mt chiu, mch lc, nghch lu c lp ngun
p v ng c.
Ngun mt chiu v mch lc to ra in p mt chiu c gi tr iu chnh c,
nghch lu gm 6 kha bn dn S
1
.S
6
v cn 6 van khng iu khin D
1
D
6
, cc kha
nghch lu c ng ct theo th t nht nh to thnh in p xoay chiu 3 pha t ln
ng c chp hnh, gc dn ca cc kha l 180
0
, thi im cc kha S
1
, S
3
, S
5
v S
2
, S
4
, S
6

bt u dn lch nhau 120
0
, do in p ra ca nghch lu cng lch nhau v thi gian l
KHOA IN

120
0
. in p dy ca nghch lu c dng xung ch nht vi rng l 120
0
v tha mn
iu kin phn tch thnh chui iu ha
u
ab
=
t
3 2
u
d
.
=1
6
cos
1
k
k
k
t
.sin(ke
c
t +
6
t
)
k = 1 + 6C ; C = 0, 1, 2
Thnh phn iu ha c bn c bin
U
1
abm
=
t
3 2
u
d
= 1,103.u
d
V c gi tr hiu dng l U
1
ab
=
t
6
u
d
= 0,78.u
d
Gi tr hiu dng ca chui
U
ab
=
3
2
u
d
= 0,816.u
d
Bin tng song hi bc k

U
k
abm
=
t .
3 2
k
u
d
Gi tri in p ng c c iu chnh hoc bi iu chnh bin in p mt chiu
bng chnh lu iu chnh hc ng b bm xung p. in p cng c th iu chnh bng
iu chnh thi gian ng cc ca kha S hoc l iu ch rng xung p bng chnh
nghch lu.
Phng php sau c s dng rng ri nht l cc truyn ng cng sut nh, do
c u im l va iu chnh c in p, va lm sin ha in p t vo ng c. Vi s
lng cc xung c rng thch hp, phng php iu ch rng xung c th lm trit
tiu cc song hi bc cao.
b. Bin tn ngun dng
Bin tn ngun dng c u im l tng c cng sut n v my, mch lc n
gin m vn thc hin hm ti sinh ng c.
Ngun in mt chiu cp cho nghch lu phi l ngun dng in, tc l dng in
khng ph thuc vo ti m ch ph thuc vo tn hiu iu khin. to ngun dng in
mt chiu thng dng chnh lu iu khin hoc bm xung p mt chiu c b iu dng
in c cu trc t l tch phn (PI), mch lc l in khng tuyn tnh c tr s in cm
KHOA IN

ln. Do c ngun dng in mt chiu nn vic chuyn mch gia cc van bn dn c th
thc hn bng in p trn cc t chuyn mch.
+ S nguyn l ca b bin tn dng in

+ Nguyn l lm vic
Th t ng ct cc van T
1
T
6
v dng in cc pha ca ng c. Trong khong thi
gian van T
1
v T
6
th dng in cc pha i
a
= -i
b
, cc t chuyn mch c np in v c cc
tnh nh trn s nguyn l. Khi bt u t xung m ln T
2
th T
2
dn v ni cc dng
ca t in C62 ln catt ca T
6
lm cho T
6
kha. Do ti c tnh cht in cm m dong i
b

khng ct ngay, dng ny khp mch qua D
6
t C
62
song song vi mch ni tip C
46
C
42
T
2
, np cho t C
62
, in p trn C
62
tng tuyn tnh cho n khi xut hin dng in i
c
qua
pha C ca ti, bt u s chuyn dng cho D
6
cho D
2
, cng l s chuyn dng t pha B sang
pha C. Kt thc qu trnh chuyn mch khi i
b
= 0 v i
c
= I
d
t in C
62
c phn cc ngc
KHOA IN

li, chun b cho ln phn mch sau. Do mch stato ni hnh sao nu dng in cc pha l
xung hnh ch nht c rng l 2t/3 v chiu cao ng bng I
d
.
2.3 Chn phng n truyn ng:
Qua qu trnh phn tch hai h thng F - v T- ta thy chng c nhng u im
nhc im nht nh.C hai h thng u p ng c yu cu cng ngh t ra.
Nhng xt v ch tiu kinh t, k thut th mi h thng t c nhng c im khc
nhau. C th ta thy h F - d iu chnh tc , chuyn i trng thi hot ng linh hot
v c tnh h thng nm u bn gc phn t.Vi h thng F - khi lp t chim din
tch ln, cng knh nhng hiu sut li khng cao.Khi lm vic li gy n o, rung ng
mnh, cng lp t ln, vn u t cao.
Trong giai on CNH - HH ngy nay vi xu th chung hng ti mc tiu yu cu
ti u nht m bo tnh khoa hc, gn nh khng gy n, t nh hng n mi trng
xung quanh.Vi h truyn ng F - mc d c nhiu u im nhng cn nhiu hn ch
cha p ng c yu cu CNH - HH hin nay.
Ngy nay vi nn cng nghip hin i ngi ta ang dn tin hnh thay th h thng
truyn ng F - bng cc h truyn ng khc.Vi h truyn ng T - c h s khuych
i ln, d t ng ho do tc ng nhanh chnh xc, cng sut tn hao nh.Kch thc nh
v gn nh.
Vi s pht trin mnh m ca khoa hc cng ngh xu hng t ng ho cc h
thng t ng, gia cng chnh xc, nn iu khin h thng c thc hin bng cch lp
ghp h thng vi cc b iu khin t ng nh PLC, vi x l.
Nhn chung h thng T - p ng c yu cu t ra.Vi nhng u im v nhng
c im ph hp cch truyn ng. Vy em quyt nh chn phng n truyn ng T - .
Bi v h T- c ch tc ng nhanh v d t ng ho, ph hp vi yu cu ca s
pht trin khoa hc k thut l ti u ho, t ng ho gia cng chi tit chnh xc, tin
cy cao gim c sc lao ng v tng nng sut, kch thc c kh gn nn phn c kh
ca my gn to nn tnh thm m ca h thng.V th kinh t vn u t v chi ph vn
hnh thp hn nhiu so vi h truyn ng F-.
2.4 Thit k mch ng lc:
Mun xy dng s mch ng lc phi chn c s chnh lu lm b bin
i cho mch, nh bit chng 3, h T- c tc ng nhanh, cao, khng gy n o v
d t ng ho do cc van bn dn c h s cng sut cao, iu thun tin cho cc h
KHOA IN

thit k cc h t ng iu khin nng cao cht lng cc c tnh tnh v ng ca
h.Mt khc cc mch chnh lu iu khin c sc in ng E
d
ph thuc vo gc iu
khin o nn c th dng lm ngun iu khin in p phn ng hoc dng kch thch ng
c.
Tc truyn ng in trong h thng ny c iu chnh bng cch bin i gc
thng chm o ca van, tc l iu chnh s, , , E

ca b bin i. Khi bin i o t 0
n
2
t
, tr s E
bin thin t E
m
n 0. R rng l cc c tnh c v c tnh tc ca
truyn ng in l mt h cc ng thng song song vi nhau.Cc ng thng ct
trc tung ti nhng im tng ng vi cc tc khng ti l tng
0
e =
m
v m
K
U E
u
A o cos .

c tnh c v c tnh tc ca truyn ng in khi b bin i l vic trng thi
ng in gin on khng th biu din bng gii tch c
Trng hp b bin i l vic trng thi dng in lin tc, nu bin i gc thng
van o th tc khng ti l tng gi nh
0
' e bin i trong mt phm vi rng. Nu
2
0
t
o o = = th
0
' e =0 v ng c lm vic trng thi hm ng nng.
Khi
2
t
o > , 0 '
0
< e , h thng truyn ng in s lm vic trng thi hm ti sinh. Khi
, nng lng do my in mt chiu sinh ra s c b bin i van bin thnh nng
lng in xoay chiu truyn vo li cung cp. Khi ny, b bin i van lm vic
trng thi nghch lu vi c im sau: dng in trong mch ca ngun xoay chiu chy
di tc dng ca s... E ca ng c. Trong phn ln khong dn ca van, dng in ny
chy ngc chiu s, d, ca cc cun dy my bin p.
khng xy ra hin tng t bin nghch lu vi dng in trong mch ln gp
nhiu ln so vi lc lm vic bnh thng, d gy hng trong b bin i, m trc ht l
gy nguy him cho cc van, ta phi hn ch gc thng van:
) (
max
o t o + s
Trong : o l khong thi gian phc hi tnh cht ngt ca van.
Khi tn s li l 50Hz, gc phc hi tnh cht ngt ca van ion bng khong 12
0
. i
vi Tiaristo, thi gian phc hi tnh cht ngt khng qu 150 s , tng ng vi ~ o 3
0

KHOA IN

Thng thng, khi phn tch hot ng ca b bin i trng thi nghch lu, ngi
ta s dng khi nim gc thng trc ca van o t | =
Tng ng loi tr hin tngt bin nghch luta c iu kin hn ch
sau: o | + >
min
.
Trong thc t cc h thng truyn ng, van, ngi ta p dng ba phng php bin
i chiu mmen ng c sau:
a) Bin i chiu t thng ng c khi chiu dng in phn ng khng i (hnh a).

(a) (b) (c)
b) Bin i cc tnh in p phn ng nh cc cng tc chuyn i (b o chiu) (hnh b).
c)Bin i cc tnh in p phn ng nh b bin i van hai nhm (hnh c).
Khi p dng hai phng php u, ng c c xung cp t b iu khin n (b
bin i mt nhm). Tuy nhin, khi rt kh thc hin chuyn i t trng thi ng c
sang trng thi hm vi chiu quay khng i. S u l r nht v n gin nht, song
c nhc im l thi hn o chiu ln, bng khong (0,5 - 2,5)s ,( do hng s thi gian
ca cun dy kch t ng c khng ln). S th hai tuy c thi hn o chiu nh hn
nhng van khng th di 0,1s v trong qu trnh o chiu, phi m bo th t tc ng
nht nh trong h thng iu khin truyn ng in.
i vi cc h thng truyn ng yu cu o chiu nhanh v cn c trng thi ng
c hay trng thi hm trong cng mt chiu quay ca ng c, ngi ta s dng cc s
c hai nhm van (b bin i kp). Mi nhm dn dng in theo mt chiu nn b bin i
c kh nng dn in theo c hai chiu. B bin i nh vy c th c ni theo nhiu s
khc nhau.C 2 b chnh lu iu khin l s u cho v s song song ngc.V
mt nguyn l th s u cho hoc s song song ngc hot ng tng t nh nhau.
KHOA IN

Khi BB ny lm vic th BB kia ngh, khi i ch ca BB th dng in qua ti -
c i chiu. Thc t ngi ta hay s dng s u song song ngc vi cc phng
php iu khin khc nhau. Trong s song song ngc, c hai nhm van u c cung
cp t mt nhm dy cun th cp ca my bin p.
Khi h thng truyn ng in lm vic trng thi ng c, mt nhm van, v d 1V,
lm vic trng thi chnh lu cn nhm kia 2V b kho hoc chun b lm vic trng thi
nghch lu. Trong trng hp th hai, loi tr hin tng truyn nng lng do 1V bin
i vo li qua 2V ta phi bo m E
2
> E
1
. Nu 2V lm vic trng thi chnh lu, th
1V phi c kho hoc chun b lm vic ch nghch lu. Khi , tng ng vi
trng hp trn, ta c E
d1
> E
d2
: Nh vy ni chung E
dn1
> E
dc2
, trong E
dn1
, E
dc2
- s..
ca cc nhm van b bin i lm vic trng thi nghch lu v chnh lu.
Khi h thng truyn ng in lm vic trng thi hm ti sinh, mt nhm van lm
vic trng thi nghch lu, cn nhm van kia b kho hoc chun b lm vic ch
chnh lu. Trng hp ny cng phi m bo quan h E
dn1
> E
dc2

Trng thi lm vic ca b bin i van o chiu ph thuc rt nhiu vo phng
thc iu khin c hai nhm van. Khi iu khin chung, tn hiu iu khin c a vo c
hai nhm van sao cho m bo c E
dn1
> E
dc2
. Trng hp ny cn hn ch dng in
cn bng chy gia hai nhm van di tc dng ca cc tr s tc thi ca s.. cc nhm
van. Do trong mch ca b bin i ngi ta ni cc cun khng cn bng CB1 - CB4,
nh hnh v trn.
loi tr dng in cn bng ngi ta s dng phng php iu khin ring cc
nhm van ca b bin i. Khi cc tn hiu iu khin (xung) ch c a vo nhm
van ang lm vic, cn nhm van kia (nhm khng lm vic ti thi im dang xt)
khng c xung iu khin nn n b ngt. thay i trng thi lm vic ca b bin i
ngi ta dng mt thit b bin i c bit ban u lm mt xung iu khin trn nhm
van ang lm vic, ri sau mt khong thi gian ngn (5 - 10 s) a xung iu khin
ln nhm van th hai. Vi th t nh vy th trng ti dng in gin on ca b bin i
s tng ng vi qu trnh chuyn i h thng truyn ng in t trng ti dng c sang
trng ti hm v ngc li
Cc c tnh tc v c tnh c ca truyn ng van o chiu c iu khin ring
cc nhm van ph thuc vo cch phi hp cc gc iu khin u im ca phng thc
iu khin ring so vi iu khin chung l:
- Khng cn ni cun khng cn bng
KHOA IN

- Tn dng c kh nng my bin p (E
d.d.cmax
= E
m
) gim bt c xc sut t
bin nghch lu v thi gian bin i lm vic trng thi nghch lu t hn.
- Gim c tn tht nng lng v nng cao hiu sut truyn ng in do khng
c dng in cn bng. tuy nhin, khi iu chnh ring, yu cu v tin cy ca thit b
chuyn i ( chuyn xung iu khin t nhm van ny sang nhm van kia) cao hn; c
mt khong h khi chuyn i b bin i t trng thi chnh lu sang trng thi nghch
lu, nn thi hn ca qu trnh qu tng ln. Cng cn ch rng, phng tc iu khin
ring khng th s dng cho cc h truyn ng c kh nng lm vic trng ti khng ti
l tng hoc trong vng gn (nh thang my chng hn) v trng thi dng in gin
on ca b bin i tng ng vi cc ph ti nh ca ng c.
hn ch dng in ngn mch, thng ngi ta chon my bin p c in p ngn
mch ln U
nm
= 8 - 10%, do x
BA
cng c tr s ln. Kt qu l thnh phn in tr ca b
bin i do hin tng gim p trong qu trnh chuyn mch cc van
t 2
.m x
R
BA
cm
= kh
ln. l nguyn nhn chnh lm mm c tnh c ca truyn ng in.Nu b bin i
c ni vo li xoay chiu khng qua my bin p th ngi ta phi ni cun khng hn
ch dng in vo mch xoay chiu ni tip vi b bin i.Cm khng x
BA
v R
BA
ca my
bin p nn hin tng trn vn tn ti.
m rng phm vi iu chnh tc ca h truyn ng ny, c th s dng cc hi
tip ging nh trong h thng F - , nh hi tip dng theo dng in phn ng, hi tip
m theo tc v theo in p. hn ch dng in trong b bin i v trong phn ng
ng c, s dng hi tip m dng in c ngt; khi truyn ng in c c tnh my
xc. V b bin i van c h s khuych i ln, nn trong nhiu trng hp c th thc
hin cc hi tip k trn khng qua khuych i trung gian
Trong s gm c:
- My bin p BA: Lm nhim v cung cp ngun cho mch
- CK l cun khng dng lc ngun 1 chiu gi l cun khng san bng
- BD l cc my bin dng c s dng ly tn hiu m dng in, a tr li
khng ch u vo mch iu khin.
- Cc b R-C c mc song song vi cc Tiristor trong cc qu trnh chuyn mch v
bin thin du/dt ; di/dt
- l ng c n 1 chiu kch t c lp, dng truyn ng cho h thng.
KHOA IN


Hnh 2 5: Mch ng lc truyn ng cho my tin

KHOA IN

CHNG III
TNH CHN CC THIT B MCH NG LC
3.1 ng c:
Ki
u
P
m

(kW)
n
(vg/ph)
I
m

(A)
n
max
U
(V)
HH

10 1090 55 1
900
220
I
m
=
m m
m
U
P
q .
= =
85 , 0 . 220
10000
53,47 (A)
R
ng c:
+ R

ng c c tnh gn ng nh sau:
R
= 0.5.(1 - q ). =
udm
udm
I
U
0,5.(1 - 0,85).
47 , 53
220
= 0,308 ( O)
L
L in cm phn ng ng c c tnh theo cng thc Umanxki Lindvit:

Ta c: L
= 0,5. =
m m
m
I n p n
U
. . . . 2
60 .
0,5.
47 , 53 . 1090 . 2 . 2
60 . 220
= 0,0283 ( H ) = 28,3 ( mH )
Trong : 5 , 0 = l h s ly cho ng c khng c cun b
H s khuch i ng c c tnh:
K
= =
=
308 , 0 . 47 , 53 220
1090
.
u u u
m
R I U
n
5,35 (v/ph.V)
3.2 Tnh chn Tiristor:
Tnh chn da vo cc yu t c bn dng ti, iu kin to nhit lm vic v cc
thng s c bn ca van c tnh nh sau:
* in p ngc ln nht m Tirisitor phi chu
u
d
nv nv n
K
U
K U K U
0
2 max
. . = =

Do ta tnh in p ngc ln nht nn U
d
= U
d0

KHOA IN

U
nmax
= K
nv
. =
u
d
K
U
3
. 220
6 . 3 .
1
220
. 6
t
t
= = 230,3 (V)
Vi K
nV
= 6 ; K
u
=
t
6 . 3

* in p ngc m van cn chn
U
nV
= K
dtU
.U
nmax
= 2.230,3 = 460,6(V)
Ly bng 461 (V)
Vi K
dtU
H s d tr in p thng (1,6 2 ). Chn K
dtU
= 2
* Chn theo iu kin dng in
I
TbV
> K
I
.I
Ttbmax

Trong : K
I
l h s d tr dng in, ta ly K
I
= 3
I
Ttbmax
= I
m
/ 3
Nh vy ta c: I
TbV
> 95,27 A
T cc thng s U
nV
, I
mV
ta chn loi Tiristor FT100DY10 c cc thng s
in p ngc van U
nV
= 500 (V)
Dng in ngc van I
nV
= 100 (A)
nh xung dng in I
x
= 2000 (A)
Dng in xung iu khin I
k
= 0,1 (A)
in p xung iu khin U
k
= 2 (V)
Dng in r I
r
= 0,015 (A)
St p trn Tiristor trng thi dn AU = 2 (V)
Tc bin thin in p dU/dt = 100 ( V/s)
Thi gian chuyn mch t
cm
= 15 ( s )
Nhit lm vic cc i T
max
= 125
0
C
3.3 My bin p mch ng lc
a) Chn my bin p: c t ni dy Y A/ lm mt bng khng kh t nhin
b) Tnh cc thng s c bn:
KHOA IN

- Cng sut biu kin ca my bin p:
S
BA
= K
s
.P
= K
s
. =
m
m
P
q
1,05. =
3
10 .
85 , 0
10000
12,35 (kVA)
- in p s cp MBA:
U
f
= 380 (V)
- in p pha th cp MBA:
Phng trnh cn bng in p khi c ti:
U
d0
.cos
min
o = U
d
+ 2 AU
V
+ AU
dn
+ AU
BA
Trong :

min
o = 15
0
- Gc st p khi c s suy gim in p li
AU
V
= 2(V) - St p trn Tiristor.
AU
dn
~ 0 - St p trn dy ni.
AU
BA
= AU
1
+ AU
X
- St p trn in tr v in tr khng MBA.
Chn s b:
A U
BA
= 6%.U
d
= 6%.220 = 13,2 (V)
T phng trnh in p khi c ti ta c:
U
d0
= =
+ + +
0
15 cos
2 , 13 0 2 . 2 220
245,57 (V)
- in p th cp MBA:
U
2
= = =
t 6 3
57 , 245
0
V
d
K
U
104,98 ~105 (V)
- Dng in hiu dng th cp MBA
I
2
=
3
2
.I
d
=
3
2
.95,27 = 77,78 ~78 (A)
- Dng in s cp MBA:
I
1
= K
BA
.I
2
=
1
2
U
U
.I
2
=
380
105
.78 = 21,55 (A)
Tnh ton s b mch t
KHOA IN

- Tit din s b tr
Q
Fe
= k
Q
.
f m
S
BA
.

Trong : - k
Q
l h s ph thuc phng thc lm mt, ly k
Q
= 6.
- m: s tr MBA, ly m = 3
- f: Tn s ngun xoay chiu, ly f = 50 Hz
Thay s vo ta c
Q
Fe
= 6. =
50 . 3
12350
54,44 (cm
2
)
- ng knh tr
d = = =
t t
44 , 54 . 4 . 4
Fe
Q
8,32 (cm)
Chun on ng knh tr theo tiu chun d = 8 (cm)
- Chn loi thp 330 - cc l thp c dy 0,5 mm
Chn mt t cm trong tr B
T
= 1 (T)
- Chn t s:
=
h
m
2,3 h = 2,3.d = 2,3.8 = 18,4(cm)
Thng thng m = (2 2,5 )
Ta chn chiu cao ca tr l 19 (cm)
c) Tnh ton dy qun
S vng dy mi pha s cp MBA
W
1
= = =

1 . 10 . 44 , 54 . 50 . 44 , 4
380
. . . 44 , 4
4
1
T Fe
B Q f
U
314,42 (vng)
Ly W
1
= 315 vng
- S vng dy mi pha th cp MBA
W
2
=
1
2
U
U
.W
1
= = 315 .
380
105
87,03 (vng)
KHOA IN

Ly W
2
= 87 vng
- Chn s b mt dng in trong MBA.
Vi dy dn bng ng, MBA kh, chn J
1
= J
2
= 2,75 (A/mm
2
)
- Tit in dy dn s cp MBA
S
1
= =
1
1
J
I
=
75 , 2
55 , 21
7,83 (mm
2
)
Chn dy dn tit din ch nht cp cch in B
Chun ho tit din theo tiu chun S
1
= 7,829 mm
2

Kch thc dy dn c k c cch in S
d.d
= a
1
. b
1
= 2,36 3,55 ( mm mm)
- Tit din dy dn th cp MBA
S
2
= = =
75 , 2
78
2
2
J
I
28,36 (mm
2
)
Chn dy dn tit din ch nht cp cch in B
Chun ho tit din theo tiu chun S
1
= 29,6 mm
2

Kch thc dy dn c k c cch in S
d.d
= a
2
. b
2
= 3,35 9,0 ( mm mm)
* Kt cu dy dn s cp
Thc hin kiu dy qun ng tm b tr theo chiu dc trc:
- Tnh s b s vng dy trn 1 lp ca cun s cp:
W
11
= =
95 , 0 .
67 , 0
5 , 1 . 2 19
.
. 2
1
c
g
k
b
h h
22,6 (vng)
Ly W
11
= 23 vng
Vi: h l chiu cao tr
k
c
= 0,95 Hng s p cht
h
g
l khong cch t gng n cun dy s cp
Chn s b khong cch in gng l 1,5 cm
- Tnh s b lp dy qun cun s cp:
n
11
= =
11
1
W
W
=
23
315
13,69 (lp)
KHOA IN

Chn s lp l 14 lp
Nh vy c 315 (vng) chia thnh 14 lp mi lp c 23 (vng)
- Chiu cao thc t ca cun s cp:
11 1
. 23.0, 67
16, 22
0, 95
c
W b
h
k
= = = (cm)
- Chn ng dy qun lm bng vt liu cch in c b dy S
01
= 0,1 cm
- Khong cch t tr n cun dy s cp
a
01
= 1,0 (cm)
- ng knh trong ca ng cch in
D
t
= d
Fe
+ 2.a
01
- 2.S
01
= 8 + 2.1 - 2.0,1 = 9,8 (cm)
- ng knh trong ca cun s cp
D
t1
= D
t
+ 2.s
01
=9,8+ 2.0,1 = 10 (cm)
- Chn b dy gia hai lp dy cun s cp cd
11
= 0,1 (cm)
- B dy cun s cp
B
d1
= (a
1
+ cd
11
).n
11
= ( 0,236 + 0,1).14 = 4,7 ( cm)
- ng knh ngoi ca cun s cp
D
n1
= D
t1
+ 2.B
d1
= 10 + 2.4,7 = 19,4 (cm)
- ng knh trung bnh cun s cp
D
TB1
= =
+
=
+
2
4 , 19 10
2
1 1 n t
D D
14,7 (cm)
- Chiu di dy qun s cp
L
1
= W
1
. t .D
TB1
= 315. t .14,7 = 14,54 (m)
- Chn b dy gia cun s cp v th cp
a
12
= 1,0 (cm)
- Chn s b chiu cao cun th cp
h
1
= h
2
=16,22 (cm)
- Tnh s b s vng dy trn mt lp
KHOA IN

2
12
2
16, 22
. .0, 95 7, 9
1, 95
c
h
W k
b
= = = (vng)
- Tnh s b s lp dy qun th cp
n
12
= =
12
2
W
W
=
9 , 7
87
11,01 (lp)
Chn s lp dy qun th cp n
12
= 11 ( lp), 11 lp mi lp c 7 vng.
- Chiu cao thc t ca cun th cp
12 2
. 7, 9.1, 95
16, 2
0, 95
c
W b
h
k
= = = (cm)
- Chn ng dy qun lm bng vt liu cch in c b dy S
01
= 0,1cm
- Khong cch t tr n cun dy s cp
a
12
= 1,0 (cm)
- ng knh trong ca cun th cp
D
T2
= D
n1
+ 2. a
12
= 19,4 + 2.1 = 21,4 (cm)
- Chn b dy gia hai lp dy cun s cp cd
22
= 0,1 (cm)
- B dy cun th cp
B
d2
= (a
2
+ cd
22
).n
22
= ( 0,335 + 0,1).11 = 4,785 ( cm)
- ng knh ngoi ca cun th cp:
D
n2
= D
T2
+ 2.B
d2
= 21,4 + 2.4,785 = 30,97 (cm)
- ng knh trung bnh cun th cp:
D
TB2
= =
+
=
+
2
97 , 30 4 , 21
2
2 2 n T
D D
26,19 (cm)
- Chiu di dy qun th cp:
L
2
= W
2
. t .D
TB2
= 87. t .26,19 = 7,15 (m)
* Tnh cc thng s MBA
- in tr ca cun s cp MBA 75
0
C
R
1
=
1
1
.
S
L
= 0,02133. =
829 , 7
54 , 14
39,6.10
-3
( O)
KHOA IN

Trong : 02133 , 0 = ( O) in tr sut
- in tr cun th cp MBA nhit 75
0
C
R
2
=
2
2
.
S
L
= 0,02133. =
6 , 29
5 , 7
5,4.10
-3
( O)
- in tr ca MBA quy i v pha th cp
R
BA
= R
2
+ R
1
.
|
|
.
|
\
|
1
2
W
W
= 39,6.10
-3
+ 5,4.10
-3
. = |
.
|
\
|
315
87
41,1.10
-3
( O)
- St p trn in tr MBA
AU
R
= R
BA
.I
d
= 41,1.10
-3
.95,27 = 3,92 (V)
- in khng MBA quy i v pha th cp
7 2 1
12
2 2
10 . .
3
. . . 8

|
.
|
\
| +
+
|
|
.
|
\
|
= e t
d d
qd
d
BA
B B
a
h
r
W X
X
BA
= 8.
2
t .87
2
. = |
.
|
\
| +
+ |
.
|
\
|
7 2
10 . 314 . 10 .
3
785 , 4 7 , 4
01 , 0 .
2 , 16
26 , 11
0,54 ( O)
- in cm MBA quy i v pha th cp:
L
BA
= = =
314
54 , 0
314
BA
X
1,72.10
-3
(H) L
BA
= 1,72 (mH)
- St p trn in khng MBA
AU
X
=
t
3
.X
BA
.I
d
=
t
3
.0,54.95,27 = 49,1 (V)
R
t
=
t
3
.X
BA
=
t
3
.0,54 = 0,51 ( O)
- St p trn MBA
AU
BA
= = + = A + A
2 2 2 2
1 , 49 92 , 3
X R
U U 49,25 (V)
in p trn ng c khi gc m
0
min
15 = o
BA V d
U U U U A A = 2 cos .
min 0
o
U = 245,57.cos 15
0
2.2 49,25 = 183,95 (V)

KHOA IN

3.4 Tnh chn cun khng lc
Xc nh gc m max
Chn gc m cc tiu
min
o = 15
0
.Gc m cc tiu l d tr c th b tr c s
gim in p li.
- Khi gc m nh nht
min
o o = th in p trn ti l ln nht
U
d max
= U
d0
.cos
min
o = U
dm

V tng ng vi tc ng c ln nht
- Khi gc m ln nht
min
o o = th in p trn ti l nh nht
U
d min
= U
d0
.cos
max
o
V tng ng vi tc ng c nh nht
Ta c:
max
o = arccos
0
min
d
d
U
U
= arccos
2
min
. 34 , 2 U
U
d
(1)
Trong : U
dmin
c xc nh nh sau
D =
=
u udm d
u udm m
R I U
R I U
n
n
.
.
min min
max

( ) ( ) | |
CTFt u udm d
R R I D U
D
U + + = . 1 cos . . 34 , 2
1
min 2 min
o
U
dmin
= | | = + 035 , 0 . 27 , 95 ). 1 100 ( 15 cos . 105 . 34 , 2 .
100
1
0
5,67 (V)
Thay vo phng trnh (1) ta c
max
o = arccos
0
min
d
d
U
U
= arccos =
105 . 34 , 2
67 , 5
88
0
Ta c cng thc tnh in cm ca cun khng lc
Ta thy rng khi gc m cng tng th bin thnh phn sng hi bc cao cng ln,
c ngha l p mch ca in p, dng in cng tng ln.S p mch ny lm xu ch
chuyn mch ca vnh gp ng thi gy ra tn hao ph di dng nhit trong ng c.
hn ch s p mch ny ta phi mc ni tip vi ng c mt cun khng lc ln
udm m
I I . 1 , 0 s
KHOA IN

Ngoi tc dng hn ch thnh phn sng hi bc cao, cun khng lc cn c tc dng
hn ch vng dng in gin on
in khng lc cn c tnh khi gc m
max
o o =
Ta c:
dt
di
L i R I R E u U
u d u d
+ + + = +
~ ~
. .
Cn bng hai v:
dt
di
L i R U
u
+ =
~
. v
dt
di
L i R
u
<<
~
. nn :
dt
di
L U =

Trong cc thnh phn bc cao, th thnh phn sng bc k =1 c mc ln nht gn
ng ta c: U
~
= U
1m
.sin( ) u + 6 nn
I

= ( ) = + =
}
1
1
~
6 cos .
. . . 2 .
1
u
t L f
U
dt U
L
m
I
m
.cos ( )
1
6 u +
Vy
udm
m
m
I
L f
U
I . 1 , 0
. . . 2 . 6
1
s =
t

Suy ra L
m
f
I f
U
. 1 , 0 . . . 6 . 2
1
t
>
L
CKL
= L - L
- L
BA

Trong : L
CKL
- in cm cun khnglc cn phi mc thm
L - in cm cn thit lc thnh phn sng hi dng in vi I
*
1%
< 10%
L
- in cm ng c
L
BA
- in cm bin p
6 = l s xung p mch trong mt chu k in p
Vi: U
1m
=
max
2
2
max 0
6 1 .
1 6
cos . . 2
o
o
tg
U
d
+

U
1m
= = +
0 2
2
0
88 6 1 .
1 6
88 cos . 105 . 34 , 2 . 2
tg 15,74 (V)
L = >
97 , 53 . 1 , 0 . 50 . . 6 . 2
74 , 15
t
1,55.10
-3
( H ) = 1,55 (mH)
in cm phn ng c: L
= 3,68 (mH)
KHOA IN

L
CKL
= L - L
- L
BA

L
CKL
= L - (L
+ L
BA
) = 1,55 (3,68 + 1,72) = - 3,85 (mH)
V in cm ca phn ng ln nn ta khng cn t cun khng lc dng in p
mch
3.5 Bo v qu in p cho van
- Bo v qu in p: Do qu trnh ng ct cc tiristor c thc hin nhanh, khi c
chuyn mch cc in tch tch t trong cc lp bn dn phng ra to ra dng in ngc
trong khong thi gian ngn, s bin thin nhanh ny to ra sc in ng cm ng rt ln
trong cc in cm lam cho qu in p gia katt v ant ca tiristor. Ta thc hin mc
song song R,C vi tiristor s to ra mch vng phng in tch trong qu trnh chuyn mch
nn tiritor khng b qu in p.
Theo kinh nghim chn
R
1
= ( 30 50 ) O R
1
= 50 O
C
1
= ( 0,22 0,3 ) F C
1
= 0,25 F

T

R
1
C
1
KHOA IN

CHNG IV
THIT K H THNG IU KHIN
cc van ca b chnh lu c th m ti thi im mong mun th ngoi iu kin ti
thi im trn van c in p thun th trn cc iu khin G v K ca van phi c in
p iu khin (thng gi l tn hiu iu khin). c h thng tn hiu iu khin xut
hin ng theo yu cu m van ngi ta s dng mch in to ra cc tn hiu gi l
mch iu khin.
in p iu khin cc Tiristor phi p ng c cc yu cu cn thit v cng sut,
bin cng nh thi gian tn ti. Do c im ca Tiristor l khi van m th vic tn ti
tn hiu iu khin na hay khng cng khng nh hng n dng qua van. V th hn ch
cng sut ca mch pht tn hiu iu khin v gim tn tht trn vng cc iu khin to ra
cc tn hiu iu khin Tiristor c dng xung.
Trong h thng truyn ng ta dng cc h thng pht xung iu khin ng b, khng
ch theo nguyn tc pha ng vi s khi nh sau:

- Khi 1: Khi ng b ha v pht xung rng ca khi ny c nhim v ly tn hiu
ng b ha v pht ra in p hnh rng ca a n khi so snh.
- Khi 2 : Khi so snh c nhim v sa snh hai tn hiu in p hnh rng ca U
RC
v
in p iu khin U
k
pht ra xung in p a ti mnh to xung.
- Khi 3: Khi to xung c nhim v to ra cc xung iu khin a ti
U
1
: in p li xoay chiu cung cp cho b chnh lu
u
rc
: in p ta hnh rng ca ly t u ra ca khi BH - FXRC
u
k
: in p iu khin mt chiu dng iu khin gi tr gc m cc iu khin
ca Tiristor.

KHOA IN

4.1 Khu ng b ha v pht xung rng ca
4.1.1 S dng hai transistor

a. Thit b ca mch gm
- BA l my bin p ng b xoay chiu mt pha gm mt cun dy pha s cp v
hai cun dy pha th cp c cc tnh ngc nhau. ly tn hiu ng b v hai cun dy
pha th cp cn li c lp vi hai cun dy trn dng cung cp in p ngun nui cho
mch iu khin.
- Trn mch ra ca cun dy th cp ly tn hiu ng b c cc phn t l mch to
in p rng ca, trong :
+ Mch gm Tr
2
,
Z
, R
4
, W
R
l mch n nh dng np t.
+ U
RC
l in p rng ca u ra ca s .
+ U
0
l in p n nh trn it n p D
Z
; i
c1
, i
c2
l dng in cc gp Tr
1
v Tr
2

b. Nguyn l lm vic ca khu ng b ha v pht xung rng ca:
in p U
cb2
gia cc pht ra v cc Tr
2
l U
cb2
= U
0
- i
c2
.R
WR,
vi R
WR
l tr s in
tr ca bin tr WR. Do st p gia cc pht va cc gc ca mt Tranzitor hu nh khng
i nn ta xem U
cb2
= A = const, vy ta c: i
c2
= (U
0
- U
cb2
)/R
WR
= 1 const mt khc ta li c
dng in qua cc gp Tr
2
l khng i
Ta gi thit rng: ti e t = 0 th U
b
= 0 v bt u chuyn sang chu k dng, ti e t =
0 th in p trn t C = 0
Vy sau thi im e t = 0 th U
b
> 0 nn it D c t in p thun, D s m dn
n c dng in t cun th cp BA i qua R
2
v D, nu b qua st p rt nh trn cun
dy my bin p ng b ha v trn it D th trn R
2
c t in p bng ton b sc
in ng th cp BA tc l U
b
. in p st trn R
2
lc ny c th dng t vo cc
pht Tr
2
cn th m dt vo cc gc Tr
1
, do vy mch gc pht Tranzitor b t in p ng-
o
U
B

a
R
1

D
i
c2

Tr
2

R
2
BA
u
c

U
RC

Dz
C
*
+U
cc

W
R
U
l

*
i
c1

R
3

Tr
1

R
4

U
0

KHOA IN

c v Tr
1
kha v t c np in bi dng cc gp Tr
2
c gi tr n nh. in p trn
t tng dn theo quy lut U
C
= I.t/c y l quy lut tuyn tnh.

n thi im e t =t th U
b
= 0 v bt u chuyn sang na chu k m.Van D b t
in p ngc v kha li do vy in p ng b khng tc ng n mch gc pht ca
Tr
1
na lc ny di tc ng ca ngun cung cp mt chiu qua in tr nh thin R
1

trong mch nh thin trong kiu phn p gm R
1
v R
2
m Tr
1
m. Khi Tr
1
m th t ngng
np v bt u phng in qua mch gp pht ca Tr
1
v in tr bo v Tranzitor R
3
.Ngi
ta tnh chn cc in tr R
1
, R
2
v Tr
2
sao cho Tr
1
m bo ha vi dng cc gp l 1
Vy t C s ngng phng in khi in p trn t gim xung bng st p bo ha ca
Tr
1
cng vi st p trn R
3
gy nn bi dng m bo ho ca Tr
1
; U
R3
= i
R3
, st p bo ha
trn mt Tranzitor rt nh nn ta c th b qua, mt khc R
3
v I cng c gi tr rt nh (1 -
5 mA) nn ta c th b qua st p trn R
3
. Nh vy th t C phng n in p bng khng
ti e t = v
t
v do Tr
1
vn m nn t vn gi nguyn gi tr in p bng khng cho n thi
im e t =2t . Ti thi im ny th U
b
= 0 v li bt u chuyn sang dng, it D li
c t in p thun v li m v Tr
1
li b kha, do vy t C li c np tng t nh
khi e t = 0 v s lm vic ca s lp li nh chu k va xt. in p rng ca trn u ra
cng chnh l in p trn t C v dng in p ra U
RC
c cho trn th in p. Vi s
ny th bin in p rng ca khng ph thuc vo bin in p ng b, dng
in p ra gn ging hnh rng ca v di sn trc (giai on np t) cng t n
180
0
ta s s dng sn ny ca U
RC
.
Trong s th R
3
l in tr hn ch dng phng ca t C qua Tr
1
m bo v Tr
1
,
cn W
R
iu chnh tin in p rng ca cho ph hp vi yu cu.
Nhn xt: S ny cho dng in p rng ca chnh xc nhng do c in tr bo v
R
3
m in p trn t khng gim v khng (0V) c. Mt khc, in tr ti nh s nh
hng n dng in p u
RC

KHOA IN

4.1.2 S dng IC khuch i thut ton

Nguyn l hot ng:
na chu k dng Tr kho, in p m qua R
3
,R
4
dn ti u vo o ca IC khin
in p ra ca IC c gi tr dng v t C c np bi in p u ra ny. Dng np cho t
c xc nh l: i
c
= i
v
- i
I
nu IC l l tng th i
v
= 0 nn i
c
= - i
I

const
R R
u
i
cc
I
=
+
=
4 3

Nn i
c
= const v in p trn t tuyn tnh.
na chu k m, D kho, Tr m nh cp in tr nh thin R
1
, R
2
; t C phng in
qua Tr. in p trn t gim v 0V
Gin in p nh hnh v:

Nhn xt: S ny c u im l dng in p ta rt chnh xc, dung lng ca t C
cn rt nh nn khng cn in tr bo v Tr. Mt khc, do in tr u ra ca IC nh nn
dng in p ra hu nh khng ph thuc vo in tr ti mc u ra ca IC. in p ra
c dng gn l tng
4.2 Khu so snh
to ra mt h thng xung xut hin mt cch chu k vi chu k bng chu k in
p rng ca (cng l chu k ngun cung cp cho b chnh lu) v iu khin c thi im
o
a
i
c1

U
rc

*

D
U
l

R
1

+U
cc

-U
cc

i
v-
i
1

i
v+

Tr
-
+
IC
R
2
R
3
u
c

*
U
db

BA
C
WR
u
v

KHOA IN

xut hin cc xung ta s dng mch so snh. C th thc hin khu so snh theo nhiu mng
khc nhau, y ta dng IC khuych i thut ton v cch ni hai tn hiu U
RC
v U
k
theo
cch tng hp song song s nh sau.
u2
0
0
u1
-udk
udk
et
et
uRC
uRC

a. Thit b ca mch gm
- IC
1
l IC khuych i thut ton c nhim v khuych i v so snh tn hiu U
RC
v
U
k
. U
RC
l in p rng ca c chu k theo in p thun t ln cc van mch ng lc,
cn U
k
l in p iu khin.
- it D
2
bo v u ra ca mch so snh
b. Nguyn l lm vic
Cc in p rng ca U
RC
v in p iu khin R
k
c a vo mch so snh vi
cc tnh khc nhau.
C th trn s ta c U
RC
> 0 cn U
k
< 0, IC thut ton lm nhim v so snh v ti
thi im
dk RC
U U = th u ra khi so snh U
ra
s thay i trng thi c th:
Khi
dk RC
U U > : U
ra
< 0

o
< 90
0

dk RC
U U < : U
ra
> 0

o
> 90
0

dk RC
U U = : U
ra
i chiu
Qu trnh ny c m t trn gin in p ca mch iu khin
4.3 Khu to xung:
m bo yu cu v chnh xc ca thi im xut hin xung,s i xng ca
xung cc knh khc nhau.Ta thit k cho khu so snh lm vic vi cng rut ra nh, do
xung ra ca khu so snh cha p ng cc thng s yu cu ca cc iu khin
Tiristor.V vy phi thit k thm mch khuych i xung, sa xunggi l mch to xung

+Udk
+Ucd
R3
IC
+
_ R2
R1
Ur
+Ucc
-Ucc
Urc
KHOA IN

Thit b ca mch bao gm
- R
1
C
1
, D
2
, Tr
2
, Tr
3
c nhim v sa xung.
- Tr
3
, Tr
4
, D
3
, D
4
, BAX c nhim v khuych i v truyn xung cung cp cho cc G
ca Tiristor.
Nguyn l lm vic ca mch to xung
- Xung truyn n cc iu khin Tiristor dng my bin p xung BAX. My bin p
xung ghp gia u ra ca tng khuych i cng sut xung vi cc iu khin G v K ca
Tiristor
- Khuych i xung: dng tng khuych i alinhtn mch khuych i c h s
khuych i l:
2 1
| | | + = trong d
2 1
, | | l h s khuych i ca Tr
3
,Tr
4
)
- Sa xung: Khi in p u ra ca khu so snh c gi tr dng, t C
1
s np (D
2

kho Tr
3
, Tr
4
m bi xung dng theo ng + U
SS
R
7
- C
1
Tr
3

Tr
4
- U
SS

nn U
C1
: U
CC
(+) in p u ra ca khu so snh c gi tr m, it D
2
phn cc thun, Tr
3

v Tr
4
kha, t C
1
phng in ( + C
1
) R
7
U
SS
D
2

(-C
1
) t C
1
phng nhanh v 0
v np li vi in p c cc tnh ngc li vi hng s thi gian
t = R
7
.C
1
. Do Tr
3
v Tr
4
khng kha li ngay m dn kha li ty thuct , qu
trnh gi l qu trnh sa xung.
Xut pht t nguyn l hot ng ca khu so snh ta thy: Khi thay i tr s in p
iu khin U
k
thay i gc m o th di ca cc xung ra ca khu so snh thay i.
* Mch sa xung
Nh vy s xut hin tnh trng mt s trng hp di xung qua ngn khng
m cc Tiritor hoc di xung qu ln, gy tn tht ln cho mch pht xung.
Mch sa xung nhm khc phc cc vn nu trn. Mch lm vic theo nguyn tc
khi c xung vo vi di khc nhau nhng mch vn cho xung ra c di bng nhau
theo yu cu v gi nguyn thi im xut hin ca mi xung. S nguyn l ca mt
mch sa xung nh hnh v:
KHOA IN


Trong s : U
v
l in p vo ca mch, chnh l in p ra ca khu so snh c
mc bo ha dng v m. Cc phn t R
11
v C
2
s quyt nh di ca xung ra.
Nguyn l lm vic:
- Khi in p vo U
V
mc bo ha dng cng vi in tr nh thin R
12
, Tr6 m
bo ha, t C2 c np vi cc tnh nh pha trn ( qua C2 R11 Tr6 ). Tr6 m bo ha
lm im F c mc logic 0. Mc logic ny tn ti trong sut qu trnh U
V
bo ha dng.
- Khi in p U
V
mc bo ha m, t C2 phng in qua D1 t th m ln mch
pht gc ca Tr6 lm Tr6 kha dn n im F c mc logic 1, ngha l u ra nhn c
xung ra. Do in tr ngc ca Tr6 rt ln nn U
ra
> U
CC
. Khi C2 phng ht in tch,
n s c np theo chiu ngc li. Nh c R12 m th (+) li t ln pht gc ca Tr6
lm u ra li c mc logic 0. Mc d cn xung m u vo nhng nh R12 m Tr6 m
bo ha. Thi gian tn ti xung c xc nh bi biu thc: t
x
= R11.C1.ln2.
di xung ch ph thuc vo gi tr ca R11 v C2 do cc xung ra lun c gi tr
khng i.
Thit b u ra ( Mch truyn xung ): Thng thng c hai cch truyn xung t u h
thng iu khin mch G K ca Tiritor l truyn xung trc tip v truyn xung qua my
bin p xung.
Truyn xung qua BAX c u im:
- m bo s cch ly tt v in gia mch ng lc v mach iu khin b chnh lu.
- D dng thc hin vic truyn ng thi cc xung n cc Tiritor mc ni tip nhau
hoc song song bng cch dung BAX nhiu cun th cp.
- D dng phi hp gia in p ngun cung cp cho tng khuch i cng sut xung
v bin xung cn thit trn cc iu khin ca Tiritor nh vic chn t s BAX hp l.
KHOA IN

- BAX v c bn kt cu ging nh bin p bnh thng cng sut nh. Hot ng
ca BAX tng t nh bin p thng vi dng in khng sin hoc c th xc nh nh l
phi tuyn v s bng khng khi mch t bo ha. BAX c mch t rt chng bo ha, n ch
hot ng trong thi gian ngn.
* Mch khuch i xung: khuch i cng sut ca xung iu khin, hin nay ph bin
nht l cc s Tiritor v Transistor. Hnh bn l s mch khuch i xung dung
Transistor kh ph bin hin nay.

Tn hiu vo U
V
ca mch khuch i xung s dng hai Transistor mc ni tip ( cn
gi l kiu Darlinhtn ). Tt7 v Tr8 mc ni tip tng ng mt Transistor c h s
khuch i dng in:
2 1
.| | | =
Chc nng ca cc phn t trong s :
D2 l it c chc nng gim dng in qua cun dy s cp ca BAX khi Transistor
kha, ng thi hn ch qu in p trn Transistor. D3 bo v cun dy th cp BAX
nh i vi D2 ca mch s cp. D4 ngn xung m c th ti cc iu khin ca Tiritor
nh cc Transistor khc. Cc in tr hn ch xung p u vo v dng in cc gp ca
transistor.
Nguyn l lm vic ca s :
Tn hiu vo ca mch iu khin l tn hiu ra ca mch gi xung l tn hiu logic.
Gi t
xv
l thi gian tn ti ca mt xung in p vo
t
bh
l thi gian tnh t lc c dng in mt chiu qua cun dy s cp ca BAX (
khi Tr7 v Tr8 m bo ha ) n lc li thp bo ha t
t
xr
thi gian tn ti ca xung ra
KHOA IN

* Xt trng hp t
bh
> t
xv
:
- Trong khong thi gian t = 0 t
1
, cha c xung vo, khng c dng qua BAX nn
th cp ca my khng c tn hiu.
- Khi t = t
1
xut hin xung vo, Tr7,Tr8 m bo ha nn cun W
1
c dng in chy
qua, lm cm ng sang pha th cp xung in p, to dng in qua D4 n mch G K
ca Tiritor.
- Khi t = t
2
( lc ny mch cha bo ha ) mt xung vo. Tr7,Tr8 ng dng in s
cp gim v khng qua D2. Bn th cp c s cm ng ( ngc chiu vi ban u do t
cm ) nhng nh D4 m xung m khng truyn ti Tiritor. Xung dng m kp qua R17 v
D3 tiu tn trn in tr.
Nh c D2 v D3 m khng xut hin in p t cm rt ln tren dy qun s cp ca
BAX.
* Khi t
bh
< t
xv
:
- Khi t < t
1
cha c u vo, Tr7 v Tr8 kha, khng c xung iu khin
- Khi t = t
1
xut hin xung lm Tr7, Tr8 m bo ha lm xut hin xung iu khin.
- Khi t = t
1
+ t
bh
mch t BAX b bo ha, t thng li thp bng const nn mt xung
cm ng trn W
2
.
- Khi t = t
2
dng in s cp v khng lm xut hin xung m trn dy qun th cp
nhng khng a n mch G K nh ni trn.
Nh vy thi gian lm vic ca mch t BAX c nh hng rt ln n di ca
xung iu khin. Khi t
bh
> t
xv
th di xung iu khin bng di xung vo. Cn trong
trng hp ngc li, di xung iu khin chnh bng thi gian bo ha mch t ca
BAX. Do cn cho BAX c thi gian bo ha t ln.
4.4 Mt s mch khc
4.4.1 Mch to ngun ni
Do trong mch c s dng cc vi mch khuych i thut ton, ta cn phi s dng
hai ngun nui ngc du ni tip nhau v c im chung l im ni mt. Ta thit k
mch ny nh sau:

KHOA IN


Ngun cung cp cho ton mch iu khin c ly trn cun th cp ca my bin p
ng b xoay chiu mt pha v c chnh lu qua b chnh lu cu 3 pha.
Trong :
+ T C
3
, C
5
, IC7815 dng n nh in p v cung cp ngun nui cho cc knh
iu khin.
+ T C
4
, C
6
, IC7915 dng n nh in p v cung cp ngun nui cho cc knh
iu khin.
4.4.2 Khu phn hi tc
i vi h truyn ng ngoi yu cu v phm vi iu chnh tc th n nh tc
khi lm vic cng rt quan trng. Trong h truyn ng ny ta thit k mch phn hi m
tc nng cao c tnh c

Tc ng c c truyn n my pht tc. My pht tc l mt my pht in mt
chiu c in p ra t l vi tc ng c. Tn hiu phn hi ly trn WR
4
v a vo khu
tng hp tn hiu (KTG) x l

7915
+15V
- 15V

7815
KHOA IN

4.4.3 Khi phn hi m dng in
trnh dng in trong ng c tng qu mc cho php khi khi ng, hm, o
chiu hay gp qu ti ta s dng mch in hn ch dng in phn ng. y ta s
dng mch phn hi m dng in. S mch in nh hnh v:
My bin dng T
I
cch ly gia mch ng lc v mch iu khin. in p ra ca T
I

c chnh lu nh cu ba pha ( m bo cho dng in trong cun s cp ca T
I
l xoay
chiu ).Tn hiu phn hi dng in c ly mt phn trn bin tr R ri c a vo lc
v khuch i bi IC
1
; IC
2
. in p m trn in tr R
4
c tc dng nh mt ngng; in
p u ra IC
2
c tnh nh sau:
Ta chn R
5
= R
6

( ) 15 .
2
1
6
7
o
=
rIC r
u
R
R
u

I u
rIC
.
2
| =

( )
ng r
I I
R
R
u
R
R
= = | o .
2
4
6
41
42

|
|
.
|
\
|
=
|
o 15 .
ng
I
o l h s phn p

Khi I
U
< I
ng
, in p u ra IC
2
c du dng nn cc it kho, mch phn hi cha
c tc dng
KHOA IN

Khi I
U
> I
ng
, in p ra c gi tr m, lc ny mch phn hi dng in tham gia
khng ch gc m o lm gim dng phn ng
4.5 Tnh ton mch iu khin
Vic tnh ton mch iu khin thng c tin hnh t tng khuch i ngc tr ln
Mch iu khin c tnh xut pht t yu cu v xung m Tiristor.Cc thng s c
bn tnh mch iu khin
Tiristor FT100DY10
in p ngc van U
nV
= 500 (V)
Dng in ngc van I
nV
= 100 (A)
nh xung dng in I
x
= 2000 (A)
Dng in xung iu khin I
k
= 0,1 (A)
in p xung iu khin U
k
= 2 (V)
Dng in r I
r
= 0,015 (A)
St p trn Tiristor trng thi dn AU = 2 (V)
Tc bin thin in p du/dt = 100 (V/s)
Thi gian chuyn mch t
cm
= 15 ( s )
Nhit lm vic cc i T
max
= 125
0
C
rng xung iu khin t
x
= 1,67 (ms) tng ng vi 3
0

in.
Tn s xung iu khin f
x
= 3 (kHz)
mt i xng cho php
0
4 = Ao
in p ngun nui mch iu khin U = 12 (V)
Mc st bin xung s
x
= 0,15
4.5.1 Tnh chn khu to in p ch o
Chn bin tr : R
WR3
= 4,7 KO cng sut tiu tn trn bin tr l
( ) w P
R
0478 , 0
4700
15
2
3
= =
Chn R
30
= 4,7 KO , 1w
KHOA IN

4.5.2 Tnh chn my bin p xung
- Chn vt liu lm li st l Ferit HM. Li c dng hnh xuyn, lm vic trn mt
phn ca c tnh t ho c 3 , 0 = AB (T), 30 = AH (A/m), khng c khe h khng kh.
- T s MBA xung thng l m = 2 3, ta chn m =3.
- in p cun th cp MBA xung: U
2
= U
k
= 2 (V)
- in p t ln cun s cp MBA xung:
U
1
= m.U
2
= 3.2 = 6 (V)
- Dng in th cp MBA xung:
I
2
= I
k
= 0,1 (A)
- Dng in s cp MBA xung:
I
1
= I
2
/m = 0,1/3 = 0,03 (A)
4.5.3 Tnh tng khuch i cui cng
Chn transistor cng sut loi 2SC9111 lm vic ch xung c cc thng s:
Transistor loi p-n-p vt liu bn dn Si
* Tnh chn khu tng hp tn hiu
Khu tng hp tn hiu ch c nhim v tng hp tn hiu m khng yu cu c h s
khuch i ln. S b chn h s khuch i ca khu ny bng 2; K
TH
= 2
* Tnh chn khu hn ch gc m ca b bin i
T hnh v ta thy c quan h:

|
.
|
\
|
=
6
1
2
dk
u t
o

phn trc ta chn
0
min
15 = o do gc o phi > 15
0
. Tc l
> |
.
|
\
|

12 6
1
2
t t
dk
u
u
k
s 5 (V)
Vi u
kmax
= 5 (V), u
TGmax
= 13 V
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
rcm
dk rcm
U
u U 2
2
t
o

KHOA IN

4 , 0 = =
TG
k
HC
u
u
K
4.5.4 Tnh khu so snh
Khuch i thut ton A2 ca khu so snh chn IC loi TL084 c cc thng s
- in p ngun nui: V
ccmax
= 18 V. Chn Vcc = 12 V
- Hiu in th gia hai u vo: 30 V
- Nhit lm vic: T
max
= 125
o
C
- Cng sut tiu th: P = 180 mW = 0,18 W
- Tng tr u vo: R
in
= 10
6
( MO )
- Dng in u ra: I
ra
= 30 (pA)
- Tc bin thin in p cho php: du/dt = 100 (V/s)
*Chn: Trong nu ngun nui Vcc = 12 V th in p vo A
2
l U
v
~12V. Dng in
vo c hn ch I
v
< 1mA. Chn R4 = R5 = 15K. Khi dng vo A
2
l:
I
v
= =
3
10 . 15
12
0,8 (mA)
4.5.5 Chn cng and cho khu khu chia xung
Ton b mch iu khin phi dng 12 cng AND nn ta chn hai IC loi 4081 h
CMOS. Mi IC c cng AND c cc thng s sau :
- Ngun nui IC Vcc = 318 V.
- Chn Vcc = 12 V .
- Nhit lm vic: - 40
o
80
o
.
- in p ng vi mc logic 1: 2 4,5 V
- Dng in nh hn 1 mA .
Cng sut tiu th P = 2,5 (mW / 1 cng )
4.5.6 Tnh chn khu phn hi tc
Cn c vo tc nh mc ca ng c v sai lch tnh ca h thng ta chn my
pht tc c cc thng s sau:
in p nh mc: U
m
= 230 (V)
KHOA IN

Dng in nh mc: I
m
= 0,5 (A)
Tc nh mc: n
m
= 1300 (v/ph)
in tr nh mc: R
= 0,8 ( O)
H s ca my pht tc:
=
+
=
+
= =
1300
8 , 0 . 5 , 0 230 .
m
FT FT FT
m
FT
FT
n
U I U
n
E
0,18
Do in p ra ca khuch i thut ton Ur
s
Ecc= 12V nn ta iu chnh bin tr Rs1
sao cho Ue
s
12 V. vy =
dm
n
U
e

1300
12
= 0,009
Vy = 0,009 (Vphut/vong)
4.5.7 Khu phn hi m dng c ngt
Do khi s dng phn hi m tc n nh tc i vi chnh lu tiristo th vn
khi tc ng c bin thin ngay lp tc gy nn s tng gim qu mc ca dng in
phn ng v ca tiristor khng th chp nhn c. Do cn phn hn ch dng in
mt cch t ng, ta dng khu phn hi m dng c ngt
Trong s : A
6
l cc b khuych i thut ton. tn hiu phn hi dng c ly trn in
tr iu chnh R thng qua b bin dng v b chnh lu cu 1 pha .Sau vo u vo A
6
so snh vi U
dk
bi iot D
10

Khu ngt c tc dng khi c qu dng phn ng tng qu dng ngt khu ngt tc
dng hn ch dng in
Chn loi bin dng loi 150:5 , cp chnh xc 0,5
H s ca bin dng: PI =
5
150
= 0,03
Chn ngun to in p ngt dng:
Dng in cn hn ch ca ng c c chn theo yu cu khi ng vi ti c th.
Vy ta chn dng in ngt ca c tnh vi ng c mt chiu l:
I
ng
= 1,5.I
m
= 1,5.53,97 = 81(A)
in p ngt: U
ng
= 0,1.I
ng
= 0,1.81 = 8,1 (V).
Mun gii hn c dng in I
gh
= 1,5.I
m
ta cn chn ngun cp -E sao cho ta khng
ch U
ng
c in p l 9 V.
KHOA IN

in p phn hi dng in a vo A3 l u ra A4 sau khi khuch i, trong qu
trnh khi ng th u ra A4 ri vo vng bo ha nn c in p xp x bng in p
ngun cp cho A4 l U
bh

~
Ucc = 12V.
Vy ta c:
kd
bh
I
U
= | =
97 , 53 . 2
12
= 0,11 (V/A)

KHOA IN

CHNG V
XY DNG S CU TRC CA H TRUYN NG
5.1 Tnh cc tham s c bn.
*Cc tham s c bn:
: H s phn hi m tc = 0,009
R
E
: Tng in tr mch phn ng R
E
= 0,308 (O).
I
: Tr s dng in trn ti, tnh theo dng nh mc ng c I

m
= 53,97 (A)
K
: H s khuch i ca ng c.
Tnh =
= =
97 , 53 . 308 . 0 220
1090
. .
1
m m
m
dm
I R U
n
Ce
K
|
5,35
Tnh K
b
:
tnh h s khuch i ca b bin i (K
t
) ta xy dng c tnh biu din quan h
U
d
= f(U
k
) sau tuyn tnh ho c tnh ny ra c tnh h s gc ca on c tnh . H
s ca on c tnh c l h s khuch i ca b bin i
K
b
= tg =
dk
d
U
U
A
A

Quan h U
d
= f(U
k
) xut pht t hai quan h: U
d
= f(o) v o = f(U
k
)
* Xy dng quan h U
d
= f(o):
Coi h thng lm vic ch dng in lin tc: U
d
= U
d0
.coso
Trong : U
d0
= 230 (V) l in p chnh lu khng ti ca b bin i
o l gc iu khin. Cho o bin thin t o = (0 t/2) ta c cc tr s U
d
lp
thnh bng sau:
o
0
t/12 t/
6
t/4 t
/3
t
/2
U
d
(V)
230 215 1
93
157,
7
1
11,5
0
KHOA IN

* Xy dng quan h o = f(U
k
): Khi thay i gi tr in p iu khin (U
k
) th gi tr
gc iu khin o cng thay i theo.ng vi mi (U
k
) khc nhau ta nhn c cc gi tr
ca o.Cn c vo th ca U
k
v in p ta U
rc
, ta thy gc o bin i theo U
k
vi quy
lut sau:
o = )
2
1 ( U U )
U
U
1 (
2
rc dk
rc
dk
t
o
=
t
. Mt khc vi vi mch khuch i thut ton th
tn hiu l U
rcmax
= 14 (V) nn bin cc i ca U
rc
l U
rcmax
= 14 (V). Song khi thc
hin so snh th U
rc
c dch i sao cho U
rc
= 0 khi o = t/2, ngha l ta ch s dng na
bin cc i ca U
rc
U
k
= ).
2
1 ( f )
2
1 (
2
U
max rc
t
o
= o
t
o
Cho o bin thin t o = (0
t/2) ta c cc tr s U
k
lp thnh bng :
o
0
t/12 t/6 t/4 t/3 t/2
U
k
(V) 7 5,83 4,7 3,5 2,33 0
Quan h U
d
= f(U
k
):
U
d
230 215 193 157,7 111,5 0
U
k
(V) 7 5,83 4,7 3,5 2,33 0
Tuyn tnh ha on c tnh AB, ta tnh c h s khuch i ca b bin i nh
sau.
K
b
= = =
A
A
7
230
k
d
U
U
32,86
Ta c: K
b
= 32,86; = 0,009; I
= 53,97 (A); R
E
= 0,308 (O); K
= 5,35; S
t
s 5%
chn S
t
= 5%; D = 100; n
m
= 1090 (v/p) thay vo cng thc ta c:

( )
|
|
.
|
\
|
=

1
.
1 . 1
dm t
t D u u
n S
D S K R I
K

K = = |
.
|
\
|

1
1090 . 05 , 0
100 ). 05 , 0 1 .( 35 , 5 . 308 , 0 . 97 , 53
.
009 , 0
1
17113
Tnh h s khuch i trung gian K
TG
: ta c K = K
TG
.K
b
.K

KHOA IN


K
TG
= = =
35 , 5 . 86 , 32
17113
.
b
K K
K
97,34
* H s khuch i yu cu (K
yc
) ca ton h thng
K
yc
= K
TG
.K
b
.K
. = 97,34.32,86.5,35.0,009 = 154
Tm li mch khuch i trung gian c h s khuch i l K
YC
= 154.
thc hin mch khuch i trung gian ny, s dng cc vi mch khuch i thut
ton A741 mc ni tip cng vi cc in tr chc nng.
Trong qu trnh lm vic ca h thng truyn ng in t ng do c nh hng ca
nhiu lon bn ngoi m h thng c th b mt cn bng so vi nh mc.
Kho st h thng l xt xem h thng c n nh hay khng, t tin hnh
hiu chnh h thng m bo yu cu tin cy, t c cc ch tiu mong mun.
Kho st ch ng ca h thng, l vic kho st h thng tn hiu vi khi nim.
Khi s chuyn bin trng thi ca h thng sy ra mt cch t ngt, hoc rt nhanh m tc
bin thin nng lng in t, nng lng in c l khng th b qua ngha l cc khu
qun tnh ng vai tr quan trng trong qu trnh lm vic ca h thng. Khi kho st ch
ng ca h thng cn nghin cu, kho st c im lm vic trong thi gian chuyn t
trng thi xc lp ny sang trng thi xc lp khc.
Mt h thng c gi l n nh nu qu trnh qu tt dn theo thi gian. kho
st h thng, ta thnh lp s cu trc ca h thng v sau xy dng hm truyn ca
h thng v s dng cc tiu chun xt n nh xem h thng c n nh hay
khng.Cn nu nh h thng cha n nh th phi hiu chnh nhm nng cao cht lng
ca h thng.
5.2 Xy dng s cu trc ca h thng
5.2.1 M t ton hc trng thi ca h
u tin ta i m t ton hc cc phn t trong h thng sau mi tin hnh xy
dng s cu trc ca h thng. Gi s ta xt cho h iu tc vi mch vng phn hi m
tc . Cc bc m t:
Bc 1: Da vo quy lut vt l ca cc phn t vit ra phng trnh vi phn m t
trng thi ng.
Bc 2: Xy dng cu trc, trng thi ng ca tng phn t v ca h iu tc.
Bc 3: Tm hm truyn ca h xt n iu kin n nh.
KHOA IN

a. ng c mt chiu kch t c lp
Phng trnh cn bng in p
U
d
= I
d
.R
d
+ L
d
.
dt
dI
d
+ E

U
d
- E
= R
d
(I
d
+ T
e
.
dt
dI
d
)
Bin i Laplace ta c
U
d
(p) - E
(p) = R
d
(T
e
.P +1)I
d
(p)
1 p T
R
1
(p) E (p) U
(p) I
e
d
d
d
+
=

Phng trnh chuyn ng ca h:
M
d
M
c
=
375
GD
2
.
dt
dn

I
d
I
c
=
375
GD
2
.
dt
dn
=
e m
2
.C 375.C
GD
.
dt
dE
=
d
m
R
T
.
dt
dE
(1)
Trong : Hng s qun tnh in t.
T
e
=
d
d
R
L
= =
53 , 0
03 , 0
0,06 (s)
Hng s qun tnh c hc.
T
m
=
375
GD
2
.
| |
e m
d
.C C
R
= =
18 , 0 . 72 , 1
53 , 0
.
375
10
2
0,46 (s)
C
m|
=
30
.C
e|
=
t
30
.0,18 = 1,72
Vi C
e|
= =
1090
97 , 53 . 53 , 0 220 .
dm
dm d dm
n
I R U
0,18
T (1) bin i Laplace ta c
I
d
(p) I
c
(p) =
d
m
R
P T
.E
(p)
KHOA IN


(p) I (p) I
(p) E
c d
=
p T
R
m
d

M t di dng s cu trc:

b. B chnh lu xoay chiu mt chiu
t : thi gian tr.
- Tia 1 pha: t =10 (ms).
- Tia 2 pha, cu 1 pha: t = 5(ms).
- Tia 3 pha: t = 3,33(ms).
- Tia 6 pha, cu 3 pha: t = 1,67(ms).
U
d
= U
k
.k
b
.(t - ) U
d
(p)= U
k
(p).
1 p T
.e k
B
p
b
+

L
U
d
(p)= U
k
(p).k
b
.e
p
( Coi T
B
~ 0)

n!
p
.......
2!
p
1!
p
1
k
e
k
.e k
(p) U
(p) U
n n 2 2
b
p
b p
b
k
d
+ + + +
= = =

Trong : 0
n!
p
......
2!
p
n n 2 2
= + +

1 p
k
(p) U
(p) U
b
k
d
+
=
S cu trc:
c. B khuych i t l v my pht tc
- B khuych i t l.
Wp(p)=
p
k
Uv(p)
Udk(p)
=
n(p)
U
d
(p)
I
d
(p)
1 p T
1/R
e
d
+

(-)
E
(p)
p T
R
m
d

I
c
(p)
|
e
C
1

(-)
U
k
(p)
1 .p
k
b
+
U
d
(p)
KHOA IN

- My pht tc.
W
FT
(p)=
n(p)
(p) U
FT
=
5.3 Xy dng s cu trc trng thi ng ca h thng kn vi phn hi m tc
v m dng in.
Nhn xt: Ta nhn thy i vi h thng h th sai lch tnh ca h thng ln hn nn
khng m bo c yu cu t ra. m bo iu chnh tc tt th St
phi nh, m iu ny vi h thng h khng th lm c. m bo c yu cu
t ra th ta buc phi a dng h thng kn c phn hi. V vy, trong ni dung n ny
chung ta thc hin iu khin h thng bng h kn c phn hi m tc v phn hi m
dng nhm tho mn hai yu cu: Cht lng tnh ca h v bo v dng in.
5.3.1 Kho st ch ng ca h thng
S cu trc ca h thng khi cha hiu chnh.

Hnh 5-5: S cu trc ca h thng khi cha hiu chnh
Trong : U
c
l tn hiu t in p tc (in p ch o).
- Hm truyn ca mch khuch i trung gian: W
1
= K
yc

Trong : K
yc
l h s khuch i ca mch.
- Hm truyn ca b bin i: W
2
=
1 . + p
K
b
t

Trong : + K
b
= K
CL
=
k
d
U
U
A
A
l h s khuch i ca chnh lu.
+t l hng s thi gian
W
7
W
1
W
2
W
3
W
4
W
5
W
6
(-)

(-)

(-)

U
c
n

KHOA IN

- Hm truyn ca cc khu qun tnh in t: W
3
=
1
/ 1
+ p T
R
e
d

- Hm truyn ca cc khu qun tnh c: W
4

=
p T
R
m
d

- Hm truyn ca cc khu nhiu sc in ng ca ng c: W
5
= K

Trong : + R
d
l in tr tng phn ng ng c.

+ T
e
l hng s thi gian ca mch phn ng: T
e
= L
d
/R
d
.
+ T
m
l hng s thi gian c hc.
+ K
l h s khuch i ca ng c.
- Hm truyn ca khu phn hi m dng c ngt: W
6
= |
- Hm truyn ca khu phn hi m tc :

W
7
=
5.3.2 Xy dng hm truyn ca h thng

xy dng hm truyn ca h thng ta bin i tng ng s cu trc ca h thng.
Chuyn sang s tng ng

W
7
W
1
W
2
W
3
W
4
W
5
W
6
(-)

(-)

(-)
U
c
n

(-)

(-)

(-)

W
7
U
c
n

W
1
W
2
W
3
W
4
W
5
W
6
1/W
4
KHOA IN


Ta c hm truyn : W
td1
=
4 3
4 3
. 1
.
W W
W W
+

Chuyn sang s tng ng

Ta c hm truyn : W
td2
=
4 6 1 2
1 2
/ 1 . . . 1
.
W W W W
W W
td
td
+
=
1 . . .
. .
4 3 6 3 2
4 3 2
+ + W W W W W
W W W

Ta c hm truyn h thng: W
td3
= W
HT
=
7 5 2 1
5 2 1
. . . 1
. .
W W W W
W W W
td
td
+

W
HT
=
1 . . . . . . . .
. . . .
4 3 6 3 2 7 5 4 3 2 1
5 4 3 2 1
+ + + W W W W W W W W W W W
W W W W W

W
HT
=
b YC m d b e m
b YC
K K K p T R K p p p T p T
K K K
. . . . / 1 . . ) 1 . ( ) 1 . ).( 1 (
. .
| t t + + + + + +

W
HT
=
K p T R K T p T T T p T T
K
m d b m m e m e m
. 1 ) . / 1 . . ( ) ( .
2 3
| t t t + + + + + + +

Thay cc gi tr : K = 17113; R
d
= 0,53O ; K
b
= 32,86 ; T
m
= 0,46(s) ; T
e
= 0,06(s) ;
t = 1,67(ms) = 0,00167(s) ; | = 0,11 (V/A) ; = 0,009 (Vphut/vong).
W
HT
=
155 59 , 3 028 , 0 10 . 6 , 4
17113
2 3 5
+ + +
p p p

W
6
1/W
4
(-)

(-)

U
c
W
1
W
2
W
td1
n

W
5
W
7
W
7
(-)

U
c
W
1
W
td2
n

W
5
KHOA IN

CHNG VI
XT N NH V HIU CHNH H THNG
Trong qu trnh lm vic ca h thng truyn ng in t ng, do nhiu lon hoc
do nhiu nguyn nhn khc m h thng c th b mt n nh. Tnh n nh ca h thng l
tnh h thng c th tr li trng thi ban u khi nhiu lon mt i sau mt khong thi
gian no hoc kh nng xc lp trng thi n nh mi khi sai lch u vo thay i.
Xt n nh cho h thng l xem h thng c n nh hay khng da vo cc tiu
chun n nh. T ta tin hnh hiu chnh h thng h thng lm vic an ton, tin cy
t c cc yu cu mong mun.
Da vo c tnh tnh ca h thng ta thy rng cc phn hi m dng v m tc
lun c xu hng lm n nh h thng. Ch c phn c tnh lm vic c c tnh c cng
nht l d mt n nh hn c. Do ta ch xt n nh vng ny, trong vng ny ch c
phn hi m tc tc dng.
6.1 Xy dng c tnh tnh
6.1.1 c tnh cao nht
c tnh c cao nht l c tnh ng vi tc lm vic n nh tc nh mc n = n
m

- on th nht l on lm vic n nh vi khu phn hi m tc nn ta c
phng trnh c in:
n =
K
I K R U K
u d c
. 1
. . .
+

- U
c
= U
max
:
in p t c tnh tc nh mc vi ch lm vic n nh,
U
max
=
K
I K R K n
u d m
. . ) . 1 .( + +

Thay n = n
m
= 1090 (vg/ph) ta tnh c in p t ln nht:
U
max
= =
+ +
17113
97 , 53 . 35 , 5 . 53 , 0 ) 17113 . 009 , 0 1 .( 1090
9,88(V)
- Ti im khng ti l tng n = n
0max
ng vi dng phn ng I
= 0
n
omax
= =
+ 17113 . 009 , 0 1
17113 . 88 , 9
1090,7 (vong/phut)
KHOA IN

- im lm vic n nh l im (I
m
; n
m
) = (53,97 ; 1090)
- Ti im ngt dng ng vi I
= I
ng
= 1,5.I
m
= 80,96 A th tc l n
ngmax

n
ngmax
= =
+

17113 . 009 , 0 1
96 , 80 . 35 , 5 . 53 , 0 17113 . 88 , 9
1089 (vong/phut)
- on th hai l on lm vic ng vi khu phn hi m dng in cn khu phn hi tc
lm vic ch bo ha.
Vi h thng ny ta chn tc ti thi im khu ngt bt u tc ng cng l tc
m ti khu phn hi m tc t gi tr bo ha n
bhmax
= n
ngmax

Lc ta c: U
tg
= U
max
- n
bhmax
= 9,88 0,009.1089 = 0,08 (V)
Ta chn U
bh
= 8V khi ta tnh c h s khuch i tc :
K
=
tg
bh
U
U
=
08 , 0
8
= 100 K
I
=
e
K
K
TG
=
100
34 , 97
= 0,97
Chn K
I
= 1
Phng trnh c tnh khi lm vic vi phn hi m dng c ngt:
n = K
{K
YC
.K
I
[(U
bh
(I
- I
ng
)|] - I
R
d
} (*)
Ti im khi ng ta c n = 0 ng vi dng ngn mch c tnh cao nht l I
nm
,
thay vo (*) ta tnh c dng khi ng:
I
nm
=
d I
ng bh I
R K K
I U K K
+
+
|
|
. .
) . (
.
= =
+
+
53 , 0 11 , 0 . 1 . 35 , 5
) 96 , 80 . 11 , 0 8 .( 1 . 35 , 5
80,86 (A)
Vy bi s dng khi ng = I
nm
/I
m
= 80,86/53,97 = 1,5 < 2,5 do h s ny
chp nhn c ng c khi ng an ton.
on th hai ny i qua hai im l im ngt (1,5I
m
; n
ngmax
) v im khi ng
(1,1.I
m
; 0).
6.1.2 c tnh thp nht
c tnh c thp nht th ng c lm vic vi sai s tc l ln nht, tc lm
vic ng vi dng nh mc l n
min
= n
m
/100 = 1090/ 100 = 10,9 (vg/ph)
- in p t khi ng c lm vic tc nh nht
U
min
= =
+ +
17113
97 , 53 . 53 , 0 . 35 , 5 ) 17113 . 009 , 0 1 ( 9 , 10
0,1 (V)
KHOA IN

- Tc khng ti l tng n
0min
:
n
omin
= =
+ 17113 . 009 , 0 1
17113 . 1 , 0
11 (vong/phut)
- Ti im ngt dng ng vi I
= I
ng
= 1,5.I
m
= 80,96 A th tc l n
ngmin

n
ngmin
= =
+

17113 . 009 , 0 1
96 , 80 . 53 , 0 . 35 , 5 17113 . 1 , 0
9,56 (vong/phut)
- Dng ngn mch ng vi ng c tnh c thp nht:
Ta cng chn tc lc khu phn hi dng bt u ri vo trng thi bo ha l lc
khu phn hi m dng c ngt bt u tc ng
n
bhmin
= n
ngmin
= 9,56 (vg/ph)
Do in p bo ha ca KTT khng i, ng thi h s khuch i K
I
cng khng
i nn im ngn mch ca h c tnh c u xut pht t mt im l (2,2.I
m
; 0).

Hnh 6.1 c tnh c ca h kn

KHOA IN

6.1.3 Kim tra cht lng tnh
sai lch tc ln nht ng vi c tnh c thp nht:
S
t
% =
min
min min
o
o
n
n n
=
11
56 , 9 11
.100 = 13,09 %
Ta thy S
t
% > 5% nn h thng kn khng m bo cht lng tnh.
6.2 Xt n nh v hiu chnh h thng
6.2.1 Xt iu kin n nh
Hm truyn ca h thng mch vng kn vi phn hi m tc v phn hi m dng, s
dng b khuch i t l
W
HT
(p) =
155 59 , 3 028 , 0 10 . 6 , 4
17113
2 3 5
+ + +
p p p
=
) (
) (
p N
p M

Phng trnh c trng: N(p) = 0
4,6.10
-5
p
3
+ 0,028p
2
+ 3,59p + 155 = 0
Xt n nh cho h thng theo tiu chun Routh:
Bng Routh nh sau:

0
3 1
2 0
......
......
b
a a
a a

iu kin n nh: a
0
, a
1
, b
0
> 0
Ta c cc h s: a
0
= 4,6.10
-5
> 0, a
1
= 0,028 > 0, a
2
= 3,59 > 0, a
3
= 155 > 0,
b
0
> 0 (T
m
T
e
+ T
mt
).(T
m
+ t + | .K
b
.1/R
d
.T
m
) > (1 + k
HT
).T
m
T
et
k
HT
< 1
.
) . / 1 . . ).( (
+ + +
t
| t t
e
m d b m e
T
T R K T T

Ta c: k
HT
= .K = 0,009.17113 = 154
k
HT
< 1
.
) . / 1 . . ).( (
+ + +
t
| t t
e
m d b m e
T
T R K T T

= 1
10 . 67 , 1 . 06 , 0
) 46 , 0 . 53 , 0 / 1 . 86 , 32 . 11 , 0 10 . 67 , 1 46 , 0 ).( 10 . 67 . 1 06 , 0 (
3
3 3
+ + +

= 2215
KHOA IN

Tha mn iu kin n nh ca h thng
Vy h thng khng tha mn iu kin n nh nn cn phi hiu chnh.
6.2.2 Hiu chnh h thng
S cu trc h thng:
Khi xt hm truyn h thng theo tn hiu U th ta b qua khu nhiu lon ph ti. T
s nguyn l ca h thng ta thnh lp s cu trc:

6.2.2.1 Thit k b iu chnh dng in
Trong cc h truyn ng t ng cng nh cc h chp hnh th mch vng iu
chnh dng in l mch vng c bn. Chc nng c bn ca mch vng dng in l trc
tip hoc gin tip xc nh m men ko ca ng c, ngoi ra n cn c chc nng bo v,
iu chnh gia tc...
B qua khu nhiu lon ph ti v sc in ng c ta c s khi ca mch vng
dng in:

Trong : (P) W
I
b iu chnh dng in.
h s phn hi m dng c ngt = 0,11
Hng s qun tnh in t: T
e
= 0,06
Hng s qun tnh c hc: T
m
= 0,46
H s khuch i b khuch i ca b bin i: K
b
= 32,86

I
d
(p)
U
c(p)

I
c
(p)
-
n U
d
(p)
E

p T
R
m
d

|

W
I
(p)
-

(-)
(-)
W
n
(p)

K

1 p
K
b
+

) (
*
p u
i

1 p T
1/R
e
d
+

(p) u
*
i
1 .p
K
b
+

(-)
Ud(p)
(p) W
I

(-)
1 p T
1/R
e
d
+

E
(p)
1 p T
1
oi
+

1 P
oi
T
+

KHOA IN

Hng s thi gian ca b bin i: t = 1,67.10
-3

Chn T
0i
= 2 = 0,001(s) b chnh lu cu 3 pha
a. n gin ha s
Do qun tnh c hc ln hn rt nhiu so vi qun tn in t (Tm >> Te) cho nn bin
i tc chm hn bin i tc dng in.
Trong mch vng dng in c th coi 0 E
~ .Lc ny mch vng dng in c dng:

Do T
e
>> T
oi
;t cho nn (T
oi
p+1).( ) 1 . + p t ~ (t + T
oi
)p + 1 = T p
i
+1
Trong : T
i

= t + T
oi
= 0,005 (s)
b. La chn cu trc v xc nh tham s b iu chnh
i tng iu chnh l:
W
t
=
1) p . 1)( (T
.1/R .K
e
d b
+
+
i
T p
=
) 1 005 , 0 ).( 1 06 , 0 (
53 , 0 / 1 . 86 , 32 . 11 , 0
+ + p p

W
t
=
) 1 005 , 0 ).( 1 06 , 0 (
82 , 6
+ + p p

Trong mch vng dng in, yu cu phi c tnh nng bm tt, v vy ta phi hiu
chnh W
I
(p) thnh h thng in hnh loi I.
Theo ti u modul:
p
1) p ( k
(p) W W
1
1 pi
I BDC
+
= =
(p) u
*
i

(p) W
I

1 .P
K
b
+

1 p T
1/R
e
d
+

(-)
Id(p)
1 p T
oi
+
|

(p) W
I

1) .p 1)( p (T
.1/R .k
e
d b
+
+
i
T

(p) u
*
i

(-)
Id(p)
KHOA IN

Phi hp tham s (
1
= T
e
= 0,06 )
Hm truyn h h sau hiu chnh:
W
h sau hiu chnh
= W
t
(p).W
I
(p) = =
+
1) . ( p
/R .1 .K . k
1
d b Pi
p T
i
|
1) p(Tp
K
+

Vi: = K
1
d b Pi
.1/R .K . k |
;
=
i
T T
T quan h gia ch tiu cht lng bm trng thi ng v cc tham s ca h thng
in hnh loi I, lng qu iu chnh nh hn 5%. Ta chn lng qu iu chnh
o
imax
% = 4,3% K.T = 0,5
K = 0,5/T = 0,5/0,005 = 100
M K =
1
d b Pi
.1/R .K . k |

=
pi
k
.1/0,53 0,11.32,86
100.0,06
.1/R .K
K.
d b.
1
= = 0,88
Vy b iu chnh n nh dng in l:
W
I
(p) =
1 06 , 0
) 1 06 , 0 .( 88 , 0
+
+
p
p

c. Kim nghim cc iu kin gn ng
Ta c: Lng qu iu chnh o
imax
% = 4,3% K.T = 0,5

ci
e = 0,445/T = 0,445/0,005 = 89
-
ci
e = = s
001 , 0 . 00167 , 0
1
3
1
.
1
3
1
oi
T t
257,9
-
ci
e = = s
00167 , 0 . 3
1
3
1
t
199,6
Vy tha mn cc iu kin x l gn ng

KHOA IN

d. Thc hin b iu chnh

Chn R
oi
= 5 (k);
Ta c: k
pi
=
oi
pi
R
R
R
pi
= R
oi
.k
pi
= 5.0,88 = 4,4 (k)
6 , 13
10 . 4 , 4
10 . 06 , 0
.
3
6
1
1
= = = =
pi
pi pi pi
R
C C R
t
t (F)
T
0i
= 8 , 0
10 . 5
001 , 0 . 4 4
4
.
3
= = =
oi
oi
oi
oi oi
R
T
C
C R
(F)
6.2.2.2 Thit k b iu chnh tc
H thng iu chnh tc l h thng m i lng c iu chnh l tc gc ca
ng c. H thng iu chnh tc c hnh thnh t h thng iu chnh dng in.
+ n gin ha mch vng dng in

Hm truyn h kn mch vng dng in
W
ki
(p) =
1
1
1
) 1 (
1
) 1 (
2
2
+ +
=
+ +
=
+
+
+
p
K
p
K
T
K p Tp
K
Tp p
K
Tp p
K

W
ki
(p) =
1 01 , 0
1
1 01 , 0 00005 , 0
1
2
+
~
+ + p p p

(p) u
*
i

(-)

1) p(Tp
k
+

I
d
(p)
+
KHOA IN

X l gn ng: 0,00005p
2
+ 0,01p + 1 ~ 0,01p + 1
S cu trc tng ng:

a. S khi ca mch vng tc khi b qua nhiu ph ti
Sau khi dng khu tng ng ca mch vng dng in thay th cho mch vng
kn dng in, s cu trc trng thi ng ca ton b h thng iu chnh tc quay s
tr thnh nh hnh sau:

H s phn hi m tc : = 0,009
* Bin i mch vng tc v dng in hnh

Gi

Ta chn T
on
= 2t = 0,00334 (s), b chnh lu cu 3 pha
Gi thit Mc(p) = 0 ta c:

n(p)
) (p u
c

) ( p Ic
(-)
) ( p E

p T
R
m
d

Ce
1

1 .p 2
1/
+ T
(p) W
n

(-)
(p) u
*
i

I
d
(p) u
*
i
(p)
1 2Tp
1/
+

I
c
(p)
1 + p T
on

(-)
1
1
+ p T
on

(p) W
n

1 . 2
/ 1
+ p T
|

p T
R
m
d

K

(-)
U
c
(p
)
n(p)
(p) u
c

n(p)
p T
R
m
d

1 . 2
/ 1
+ p T
|
(p) W
n

(-)
1 + p T
on
K

KHOA IN


Do T
on,
T << (T
on
p+1).(2Tp+1) ~(T
on
+ 2T)p+1=
n
T
p+1
Trong : T
n
= T
on
+ 2T
i
= 0,00334 + 0,01 = 0,01334
b. La chn cu trc v xc nh tham s b iu chnh
Mch vng tc yu cu kh nng chng nhiu tt v c c nhiu ngun v nhiu ti.
Ta thy sau nhiu c khu tch phn nn trc nhiu cng phi c khu tch phn cn
bng h thng. Mch vng tc yu cu lng qu iu chnh nh. V vy ta hiu chnh
thnh h thng in hnh loi II, s dng b iu chnh PI.
i tng iu khin:

1) p .p(T .T
. .R
(p) W
n m
d
t
+
=
K
=
) 1 01334 , 0 ( . 46 , 0 . 11 , 0
35 , 5 . 53 , 0 . 009 , 0
+ p p

W
t
(p) =
) 1 01334 , 0 .( 05 , 0
026 , 0
+ p p

Theo phng php ti u i xng
p
1 p
k (p) W (p) W
n
n
pn PI n
+
= =
Phi hp tham s:
n n
h.T

=
Hm truyn h h sau hiu chnh:
W
h h sau hiu chnh
= W
t
(p).W
n
(p) = =
+
+
1) p (T .p . .T
1) p .( .K .R . k
n
2
n m
n d Pn

1) p (T p
1) p ( K
n
2
n n
+
+

Vi
n m
d Pn
n
. .T
. .R . k
K

K
=
Chn h = 5
n
= 5.0,01334 = 0,0667
(p) u
c

(p) W
n

(-)
n(p)
) 1 .( .
. .
+
p T p T
K R
n
m
d
|

KHOA IN

K
n
= =
+
=
+
2 2 2 2
01334 , 0 . 5 . 2
1 5
. . 2
1
n
T h
h
674,33
M K
n
=
m n
pn d
T
k K R
. .
. . .
t |
k
pn
= = =
35 , 5 . 53 , 0 . 009 , 0
46 , 0 . 0667 , 0 . 33 , 674 . 11 , 0
. .
. . .
d
m n n
K R
T K
t |
89,18
Vy b iu chnh tc l:
0,0667p
1) 667p 89,18.(0,0
(p) W (p) W
PI n
+
= =
c. Kim nghim cc iu kin gn ng
Vi h = 5 ta c
cn
e e /
2
= 1,67, vi = = =
01334 , 0
1 1
2
n
T
e 74,96

cn
e =
2
e /h = 74,96 / 5 = 15
iu kin gn ng:
cn
e = s
0005 , 0
1
3
1
15,1

cn
e = = s
0334 , 0 . 0005 , 0
1
3
1
. 0005 , 0
1
3
1
on
T
257
Tha mn cc iu kin gn ng
Kim tra lng qu iu chnh ca h thng mch vng tc
o
nmax
% =
m
n
dm
dm
T
T
n
n
z
Cb
C

A
|
.
|
\
| A
. ). %.(
max

Vi h = 5, ta c = |
.
|
\
| A
Cb
C
max
81,2%
H thng khi ng khng ti (z = 0)
Ta c:
19 , 0
53 , 0 . 97 , 53
=
u
= A
m e
d m
C
R I
n = 150,55 (v/p)
o
nmax
% = 81,2%.1,7. =
46 , 0
01334 , 0
.
1090
55 , 150
0,55% < 10%
Vy tha mn ch tiu trng thi ng lng qu iu chnh tc

KHOA IN

d. Thc hin b iu chnh

Ta c: k
pn
=
on
pn
R
R
;
pn pn n
C R . = t ; T
on
=
4
.
on on
C R

Chn: R
on
= 5 (K)
R
pn
= k
pn
R
on
= 89,18.5 = 445,9 (K)
C
pn
= 15 , 0
10 . 9 , 445
0677 , 0 . 10
3
6
= =
pn
n
R
t
(F)
C
on
=
3
6
10 . 5
10 . 00334 , 0 . 4 4
=
on
on
R
T
= 2,672 (F)
6.2.2.3 M phng kt qu hiu chnh
a. Tng hp mch vng dng in
Trng hp 1: Khi cha c lc b lc dng.
S dng SIMULINK nh gi cht lng ca khu phn hi m dng khi cha c
b lc dng
- Cha c b iu chnh tham gia:
i tng iu khin:
W
t
=
) 1 005 , 0 ).( 1 06 , 0 (
82 , 6
+ + p p
=
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
|
|
.
|
\
|
+ 1 06 , 0
1
.
1 005 , 0
82 , 6
p p

KHOA IN


- C b iu chnh tham gia: W
I
(p) =
1 06 , 0
) 1 06 , 0 .( 88 , 0
+
+
p
p
=
1 06 , 0
88 , 0 0528 , 0
+
+
p
p

KHOA IN

+ Nhn xt:
Qua hai trng hp xt trn, ta nhn thy vi trng hp cha c phn hi th
cht lng h thng cha c tt so vi khi c phn hi tham gia.
Trng hp 2: Khi c b lc dng .
Ta a vo b
1 p T
1
oi
+
=
1 0,001p
1
+

- S dng v SIMULINK nh gi cht lng ca khu phn hi m dng khi c
lc

+ Nhn xt chung:
Qua hai trng hp xt trn ta thy khi c lc tham gia thi lng qu iu chnh
s thp hn so vi lc khng c lc tham gia v ng c tnh cng phng hn tuy nhin
thi gian xc lp ca h thng s tr hn so vi khi cha c lc.

KHOA IN

b.Tng hp mch vng tc
Trng hp 1: Khi cha c b lc.
- S dng SIMULINK nh gi cht lng ca khu phn hi m tc khi cha
c b lc
- Khng c b iu chnh tham gia:
i tng iu khin: W
t
(p) =
) 1 01334 , 0 .( 05 , 0
026 , 0
+ p p

- C b iu chnh tham gia:
0,0667p
1) 667p 89,18.(0,0
(p) W
n
+
=
KHOA IN


KHOA IN


+ Nhn xt:
Qua nhng trng hp xt trn, ta nhn thy khi khng c b i chnh th tc
khng t n tc yu cu. i vi trng hp c b iu chnh nhng khng c b
hn ch dng in th tc lm vic t yu cu nhng dng in khi khi ng cao. Khi
c b hn ch dng in th lm gim c dng in khi khi ng.
Trng hp 2: Khi c b lc.
Ta da vo b
1 00334 , 0
1
1 p T
1
on
+
=
+ p

KHOA IN

S dng v SIMULINK nh gi cht lng ca khu phn hi tc khi c lc

+ Nhn xt chung:
Qua hai trng hp khi c b lc v khng c b lc. Ta nhn thy khi c b lc tc
th qu iu chnh thp hn v phng hn khi khng c lc tham gia v hn ch c
dng in khi khi ng nhng thi gian xc lp lu hn khi khng c lc .

KHOA IN

CHNG VII
THUYT MINH S NGUYN L CA H THNG
ng Aptomat cung cp in cho h thng Trang B in (Mch kch t, my bin p
ng lc, ngun nui mch iu khin).
Khi chi tit c g ln mm cp ta pht lnh iu khin m cc van T
1
T
12
vi gc
m o
1
< 90
0
, o
2
> 90
0
sao cho o
1
+ o
2
= 180
0
(o
1
gc m ca T
1
T
6
; o
2
gc m
ca T
7
T
12
).
Khi khi to xung to ra xung iu khin m cc Tiristor thong qua my bin p xung
to ra cc xung iu khin xut hin theo ng yu cu. Ta phi chn tn hiuh iu
khin. Mch khuch i trung gian v tn hiu ny c so snh vi tn hiu rng ca.
Nu thay i ln U
k
th s thay i thi gian xut hin xung. Ngha l thay i
c gc m o
1
(o
2
) ca b iu chnh. iu khin c tc ng c ph hp vi
chu trnh ct gt. Khi mun bn my chy chm vo dao an ton th gc m o ca b
bin i phi ln U
k
nh.
Ngc li mun tng tc bn dao tng nng sut th gc m o nh U
k
ln.
Mun o chiu ng c th ta s tin hnh iu khin o chiu in p U
d
. Qu
trnh c thc hin nh sau:
Do bnh thng b I ang ch chnh lu nn dng in ti l dng ca b chnh
lu I: I
d
= I
dI
, b II khng c dng I
dII
= 0, v dng ny chy ngc chiu I
d
nn khng th
chy c.
Khi cn o chiu phi iu khin tng dn gc o
1
tng ng gim dn gco
2
theo
iu kin o
1
+ o
2
= 180
0
Do o
1
tng ln nn U
dI
gim, trong khi sc in ng E
d
khng gim nhanh bng ( th
d qun tnh ng c ), dn n E
d
> U
dI
, do :
I
d
=
R
E U
d d

o
< 0
Tc l dng ti s o chiu nhng b CLI khng cho dng I
dI
o chiu, nn dng I
d

s chuyn sang chy b CLII. Mch vng gia CLII v E
d
l ng cc iu kin chy ch
nghch lu, nn lc CLII thc hin tr nng lng ca sc in ng E
d
v ngun lm
cho E
d
gim.
KHOA IN

Khi o
1
tng n bng 90
0
, o
2
cng gim v gi tr 90
0
in p U
dI
= - U
dII
=
U
d0
.coso = 0, qu trnh nghch lu ca CLII kt thc. Sau o
2
tip tc gim nh hn 90
0

v chuyn sang ch chnh lu in p i du, b chnh lu CLI chuyn sang ch
nghch lu ph thuc, qu trnh o chiu kt thc.
Phng php iu khin chung cho php o chiu nhanh do hai b chnh lu lun
hot ng ng thi.


Nhap Da Trang Bi Dien Cua Ha

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Copyright:

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Nhap Da Trang Bi Dien Cua Ha

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Copyright:

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TRNG HSP KT VINH N TRANG B IN

Chn phng n iu khin chung

, i ch c gi tr dng khi kha S thong ta c u

= T th dng in trong mch phn ng s khng i v bng

L in cm phn ng ng c c tnh theo cng thc Umanxki Lindvit:

: Tr s dng in trn ti, tnh theo dng nh mc ng c I

~ .Lc ny mch vng dng in c dng:

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