You are on page 1of 3

3G l thut ng dng ch cc h thng thng tin di ng th h th 3 (Third Generation).

. c rt nhiu ngi nhm ln mt cch v hoc hu gia hai khi nim 3G v UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications Systems). hiu th no l cng ngh 3G, chng ta hy xt qua i nt v lch s pht trin ca cc h thng in thoi di ng. Mc d cc h thng thng tin di ng th nghim u tin c s dng vo nhng nm 1930-1940 trong trong cc s cnh st Hoa K nhng cc h thng in thoi di ng thng mi thc s ch ra i vo khong cui nhng nm 1970 u nhng nm 1980. Cc h thng in thoi th h u s dng cng ngh tng t v ngi ta gi cc h thng in thoi k trn l cc h thng 1G. Khi s lng cc thu bao trong mng tng ln, ngi ta thy cn phi c bin php nng cao dung lng ca mng, cht lng cc cuc m thoi cng nh cung cp thm mt s dch v b sung cho mng. gii quyt vn ny ngi ta ngh n vic s h cc h thng in thoi di ng, v iu ny dn ti s ra i ca cc h thng in thoi di ng th h 2. chu u, vo nm 1982 t chc cc nh cung cp dch v vin thng chu u (CEPT Confrence Europene de Postes et Telcommunications) thng nht thnh lp mt nhm nghin cu c bit gi l Groupe Spciale Mobile (GSM) c nhim v xy dng b cc ch tiu k thut cho mng in thoi di ng ton chu u hot ng di tn 900 MHz. Nhm nghin cu xem xt nhiu gii php khc nhau v cui cng i n thng nht s dng k thut a truy nhp phn chia theo m bng hp (Narrow Band TDMA). Nm 1988 phin bn d tho u tin ca GSM c hon thnh v h thng GSM u tin c trin khai vo khong nm 1991. K t khi ra i, cc h thng thng tin di ng GSM pht trin vi mt tc ht sc nhanh chng, c mt 140 quc gia v c s thu bao ln ti gn 1 t. Lc ny thut ng GSM c mt ngha mi l h thng thng tin di ng ton cu (Global System Mobile). Cng trong thi gian k trn, M cc h thng in thoi tng t th h th nht AMPS c pht trin thnh cc h thng in thoi di ng s th h 2 tun th tiu chun ca hip hi vin thng M IS136. Khi cng ngh CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access IS-95) ra i, cc nh cung cp dch v in thoi di ng M cung cp dch

v mode song song, cho php thu bao c th truy cp vo c hai mng IS136 v IS-95. Cng ngh 3G Do c nhn thc r v tm quan trng ca cc h thng thng tin di ng m chu u, ngay khi qu trnh tiu chun h GSM cha kt thc ngi ta tin hnh d n nghin cu RACE 1043 vi mc ch chnh l xc nh cc dch v v cng ngh cho h thng thng tin di ng th h th 3 cho nm 2000. H thng 3G ca chu u c gi l UMTS. Nhng ngi thc hin d n mong mun rng h thng UMTS trong tng lai s c pht trin t cc h thng GSM hin ti. Ngoi ra ngi ta cn c mt mong mun rt ln l h thng UMTS s c kh nng kt hp nhiu mng khc nhau nh PMR, MSS, WLAN thnh mt mng thng nht c kh nng h tr cc dch v s liu tc cao v quan trng hn y s l mt mng hng dch v. Song song vi chu u, Lin minh Vin thng Quc t (ITU International Telecommunications Union) cng thnh lp mt nhm nghin cu nghin cu v cc h thng thng tin di ng th h 3, nhm nghin cu TG8/1. Nhm nghin cu t tn cho h thng thng tin di ng th h th 3 ca mnh l H thng Thng tin Di ng Mt t Tng lai (FPLMTS Future Public Land Mobile Telecommunications System). Sau ny, nhm nghin cu i tn h thng thng tin di ng ca mnh thnh H thng Thng tin Di ng Ton cu cho nm 2000 (IMT-2000 International Mobile Telecommunications for the year 2000). ng nhin l cc nh pht trin UMTS (chu u) mong mun ITU chp nhn h thng chp nhn ton b nhng xut ca mnh v s dng h thng UMTS lm c s cho h thng IMT-2000. Tuy nhin vn khng phi n gin nh vy, c ti 16 xut cho h thng thng tin di ng IMT-2000 (bao gm 10 xut cho cc h thng mt t v 6 xut cho cc h thng v tinh). Da trn c im ca cc xut, ITU phn cc xut thnh 5 nhm chnh: - IMT DS (tri ph dy trc tip). Ngi ta thng gi cc h thng ny l UTRA FDD v WCDMA. Trong UTRA l t vit tt ca UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access. - IMT MC (nhiu sng mang). y l phin bn 3G ca h thng IS-95 (hin nay gi l cdmaOne)

- IMT TC (m thi gian). V thc cht y l UTRA TDD, ngha l h thng UTRA s dng phng php song cng phn chia theo thi gian. - IMT SC (mt sng mang). Cc h thng thuc nhm ny c pht trin t cc h thng GSM hin c ln GSM 2+ (c gi l EDGE). - IMT FT (thi gian tn s). y l h thng cc thit b ko di thu bao s chu u.
Tm li , 3G (third generation technology) l tiu chun truyn thng di ng bng thng rng th h th 3 tun th theo cc ch nh trong IMT2000 ca ITU (T chc vin thng th gii). Chun 3G cho php truyn khng dy d liu thoi v phi thoi (gi email, hnh nh, video...). i vi ngi s dng thng thng, dch v ni bt d nhn thy ca 3G l s dng in thoi video. Tuy nhin, trn thc t ti cc nc pht trin th cc dch v c s dng nhiu nht li l Mobile Internet, Live TV (truyn hnh trc tip trn TD), VOD/MOD (xem phim/nghe nhc theo yu cu). Hin ti, 3G c chia ra ti 6 chun v cng ngh, bao gm CDMA Direct Spread (thng c bit di tn WCDMA), CDMA Multi-Carrier (thng c bit di tn CDMA 2000), CDMA TDD, TDMA Single-Carrier, FDMA/TDMA, OFDMA TDD WMAN (thng c bit di tn WiMAX di ng). Trong ch c 3 cng ngh c bit n nhiu nht v pht trin thnh cng l WCDMA, CDMA 2000 1x EV-DO v WiMAX di ng.

You might also like