PHN TCH THNG K S DNG EXCEL

Nguyn Ngc Anh Nguyn nh Chc on Quang Hng

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DevelopmentandPoliciesResearchCenter(DEPOCEN)

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Copyright 2008 Development and Policies Research Center (DEPOCEN)

PHN TCH THNG K S DNG EXCEL

Tc gi Nguyn Ngc Anh Nguyn nh Chc on Quang Hng

Copyright notice This material is copyrighted by DEPOCEN . Authorized users may be allowed to use this material for their personal educational and research purposes. Other use, storage, reproduction, and distribution is strictly prohibited.

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MC LC

GII THIU ................................................................................................................ 4 NHP D LIU ......................................................................................................... 5 B CNG C DATA ANALYSIS TOOLPACT ...................................................... 5 THNG K M T ................................................................................................... 6 PHN PHI CHUN* ............................................................................................... 8 XY DNG KHONG TIN CY CHO TRUNG BNH TNG TH .................. 12 6.1 Khi qui m ca mu thng k ln (n ln hn 30) .............................................. 12 6.2 Mu nh (t hn 30 quan st) ............................................................................. 15 7 KIM NH GI THUYT V TRUNG BNH TNG TH ................................ 16 8 KIM NH S KHC BIT GIA HAI TRUNG BNH TNG TH ................ 18 8.1 Mu ln: ............................................................................................................. 18 8.2 Mu nh: Mt trong hai mu c s lng cc quan st nh hn 30. ................. 22 9 TNG QUAN TUYN TNH V PHN TCH HI QUI* ................................ 26 9.1 Phn tch tng quan tuyn tnh......................................................................... 27 9.2 Phn tch hi qui ................................................................................................. 29 1 2 3 4 5 6

Lu : Nhng mc nh du * s c hc vin c thm

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1 GIITHIU
EXCEL l mt chng trnh bng tnh do Microsoft pht trin. y l mt chng trnh bng tnh c s dng rng ri nht. Trong EXCEL c b cng c cho php ngi s dng tin hnh phn tch d liu thng k. EXCEL c th c s dng t chc sp xp d liu, trnh by d liu, lp bng, v th v phn tch thng k (thng k m t, kim nh gi thuyt v phn tch hi qui).1

Tn bin

S liu

Hnh 1: V d v s liu trong EXCEL thc hin cc phn tch thng k phc tp hn, chng ta phi s dng cc phn mm thng k chuyn dng khc nh SPSS, SAS, Splus, R, STATA, GAUSS. Trong s cc phn mm nu trn, phn mm R l phn mm min ph nhng li c u im vt tri hn kh nhiu phn mm thng mi khc.
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Mt s lu : Dng trn cng cho ngi s dng bit tn cc bin s. Mi dng trong bng s liu gi l mt quan st. n v quan st c th cp c nhn (s liu v cc c nhn), h gia nh (s liu v gia nh), cng ty, qun, tnh, quc gia. S liu khng nht thit phi dng con s (numerics), m c th dng ch (string). Trong Hnh 1, ct th 2, th hin bin s Tn cho ta thy s liu l tn ngi dng ch.

2 NHPDLIU
c s liu nh trong Hnh 1, thng thng ngi s dng/nh nghin cu phi tin hnh nhp s liu vo trong EXCEL. Vic nhp d liu trong Excel rt n gin. Mt bng EXCEL (worksheet) c chia thnh cc dng v cc ct. Dng c nh du bng s v ct c nh s bng ch. Dng v ct to ra cc trong worksheet. Mi u c a ch theo s ca dng v ch ca ct. c th nhp d liu vo mt , chng ta cn phi cn nhp d liu l ang hot ng. lm iu ny, chng ta nhn chut vo . Mi c th cha cc dy k t, cc gi tr bng s, gi tr logic hoc cha cng thc. Dy k t c th bao gm ch, s hoc k hiu. Gi tr bng s l nhng con s t nhin m chng ta bit v ch c con s mi c th c dng trong tnh ton. Gi tr logic l gi tr cho ta bit mt iu g ng hoc sai. Cng thc cho php chng ta thc hin vic tnh ton mt cch t ng i vi gi tr ca cc khc.

3 BCNGCDATAANALYSISTOOLPACT
Microsoft Excel c mt b cng c c th dng phn tch d liu c gi l Analysis Toolpack m chng ta c th s dng phn tch d liu. Nu nh lnh Data Analysis hin th trn thanh cng c Tool menu, th b cng c Analysis Toolpack c ci trn h thng. Nu khng chng ta c th tin hnh ci b cng c ny nh sau. Trc ht bn chn thanh cng c Tool, sau chn Add-ins, sau nhn nt OK.

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Nu nh, mc Analysis Toolpack khng c lit k trong ca s Add-ins th bn bm nt Browse tm tp Analys32.xll thng ti program files\microsoft office\office\ library\analysis. Sau khi tm v chn c tp analyse32.xll, bn nhn nt OK. Sau khi lm cc thao tc ny, b cng c Analysis Toolpack s c ci t v bn c th s dng. Microsoft Excel l mt phn mm bng tnh rt mnh c s dng duy tr thng tin v d liu theo ct v hng. Phn mm Excel thc hin cc cng vic theo workbooks, v mi workbook li c cc worksheet, v worksheet l ni m chng ta s lit k v phn tch d liu vi Excel. Khi chng ta bt u khch hot phn mm Excel, mt worksheet trng s c hin th, bao gm nhiu trn bng tnh. Mi trn bng tnh c dn chiu thng qua to ca chng.

4 THNGKMT
B cng c Data Analysis Toolpack c mt b cng c con chng ta c th tin hnh thc hin cc phng php thng k m t. tin hnh tm cc i lng trong thng k m t, ta thc hin cc bc nh sau Bc 1. T menu chng ta chn Tool, nu nh chng ta thy lnh data analysis c hin th, chng ta chn lnh ny, nu khng chng ta chn add-ins ci t Analysis Toolpack nh nu trn. Bc 2. Sau khi chon data analysis, chng ta chn descriptive statistics.

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Bc 3. Khi xut hin ca s Descriptive statistics, chng ta s nhp khong d liu, sau chng ta s chn Excel xut kt qu.

Sau bm OK v xem xt kt qu thu c

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Ta thy Excel cho ta cc i lng thng k m t c bn nh trung bnh (mean), lch chun (standard deviation), phng sai (variance), di bin thin (range), s quan st (count), gi tr ti a v gi tr ti thiu, trung v (median), sai s chun ca trung bnh mu (standard error).

5 PHNPHICHUN
Gi s chng ta mun tm xc sut ca mt bin X nhn gi tr nh hn mt gi tr nht nh no . Chng ta gi s l im s ca cc c nhn trong lp l phn b theo phn phi chun c tr trung bnh l 500 v lch chun l 100. Cc cu hi m chng ta phi tr li l a. Xc sut mt sinh vin c chn ngu nhin c im s thp hn 600 l bao nhiu? b. Xc sut mt sinh vin c chn ngu nhin c im s cao hn 600 l bao nhiu? c. Xc sut mt sinh vin c chn ngu nhin c im s nm trong khong 400600 l bao nhiu?

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Gi : Khi s dng Excel chng ta c th tm c xc sut ca mt bin X nhn gi tr nh hn hoc bng mt gi tr cho trc no . V khi chng ta bit tr trung bnh v lch chun, chng ta phi suy ngh mt cch thng minh tnh ton v chng ta bit rng tng xc sut nm di ng cong chun l bng 1. Gii p Bc 1. Chn m ta mun Excel xut kt qu, sau chn Insert Bc 2. Sau khi bm vo insert chng ta chn Function

Bc 3. Sau khi chng ta bm vo Function, ca s insert function s xut hin. Chng ta s chn statistical, v sau chn Normdist trong s cc hm c sn trong Excel

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Bc 4. Sau khi nhn OK, ca s Normdist s xut hin, v chng ta cung cp cc thng s cn thit. Chng ta in 600 vo X, 500 vo mean, 100 vo standard deviation, v in true vo cumulative box, v sau nhn OK.

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Chng ta s c kt qu sau

Nh chng ta thy, xc sut mt hc sinh c chn ngu nhin c s im thp hn 600 l 0.84134474. tr li c cu b, chng ta ly 1 tr i con s ny v kt qu l 0.158653. y l xc sut mt hc sinh c chn ngu nhin c s im ln hn 600. Thc hin cc bc nh trn v suy ngh mt cch hp l chng ta c th tnh c xc sut mt hc sinh c chn ngu nhin s c s im nm trong khong 400-600. Ngi c nn ly y lm bi tp cho chnh mnh thc hin thnh tho cc bc trn.

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6 XYDNGKHONGTINCYCHOTRUNGBNHTNGTH
Gi s chng ta mun xy dng khong tin cy cho trung bnh ca mt tng th. Tu theo qui m ca mu thng k m chng ta c th s dng mt trong s cc trng hp sau

6.1 Khiquimcamuthngkln(nlnhn30)
Cng thc chung xy dng khong tin cy cho trung bnh tng th l

x Z * (S / n )

trong x l trung bnh mu; Z l h s khong tin cy chng ta c th tm thy trong bng phn phi chun (v d, h s khong tin cy cho khong tin cy 95% l 1.96). S l lch chun ca mu v n l kch thc ca mu (s lng cc quan st ca mu). Chng ta mun s dng Excel xy dng khong tin cy cho trung bnh tng th da trn cc thng tin ca mu thng k. Nh chng ta s thy, s dng c cng thc trn, chng ta cn c trung bnh mu x , v bin sai s Z * ( S / n ) . Excel s tnh ton
cc i lng ny cho chng ta. iu duy nht m chng ta phi lm l cng bin sai s Z * ( S / n ) vo trung bnh mu x tm chn trn ca khong tin cy v ly trung bnh mu x tr i bin sai s Z * ( S / n ) tm chn di ca khong tin cy.

Sau khi nhp d liu vo Excel, chng ta li thc hin cc bc nh chng ta thc hin i vi vic tnh ton cc i lng thng k m t. Cng vic duy nht khc vi vic tnh ton cc i lng thng k m t l ln ny chng ta s chn confidence interval (khong tin cy) trong ca s descriptive statistics (thng k m t) v chn mc tin cy (confidence level), v trong trng hp ny chng ta chn 95%. Cc bc c th nh sau

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Bc 1. Nhp d liu: 6, 8, 6.5, 7, 7, 6.5, 8, 6.5, 7, 7, 7.5, 6, 6, 6, 7.5, 8, 7, 6.5, 7, 8, 6, 6,

6.5, 7, 8, 7.5.
Bc 2. Chn Tool v sau chn Data Analysis, ri chn Descriptive Statistics

Bc 3. Trn ca s Descriptive statistics, chng ta chn Summary Statistics. Sau khi

chng ta thc hin cc bc ny, chng ta chn confidence interval v chn mc tin cy l 95%. mc chn Excel xut kt qu, chng ta c th chn bt k khng trng ln cc d liu.

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Sau khi bm OK, chng ta s nhn c kt qu nh sau.

Nh chng ta thy, trung bnh ca mu l x = 6.94 v gi tr tuyt i ca sai s

Z * ( S / n ) = 0.2997 . Khong tin cy 95% c chn trn l 6.94+0.2997 v chn di

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l 6.94-0.2997. Lu rng chng ta c th ni rng cc khong tin cy c xy dng theo cch ny 95% chng s cha trung bnh tng th.

6.2 Munh(thn30quanst)
Nu nh qui m ca mu t hn 30 quan st, chng ta phi s dng mt qui trnh i vi mu nh xy dng tin cy cho trung bnh ca tng th. Cng thc chung xy dng khong tin cy cho trung bnh tng th da trn mu qui m nh l
x t / 2 * ( S / n )

Trong cng thc ny x l trung bnh mu, t / 2 l h s khong tin cy c th tm c trong bng phn phi t vi n-1 t do (v d h s khong tin cy 90% l 1.833 nu nh mu c 10 quan st). S l lch chun ca mu v n l s quan st hay kch thc mu. Bay gi chng ta s xem Excel c s dng xy dng khong tin cy ca trung bnh tng th da trn mt mu thng k kch thc nh. Nh chng ta thy, s dng cng thc ny, chng ta phi tnh c trung bnh mu x v bin sai s t / 2 * ( S / n ) (margin of error). Tng t nh trn iu duy nht m chng ta phi lm l cng bin sai s vo trung bnh mu tnh chn trn v ly trung bnh mu tr i bin sai s tnh chn di ca khong tin cy.

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7 KIMNHGITHUYTVTRUNGBNHTNGTH
Tng t nh trn, chng ta cn phi phn bit hai trng hp l mu ln v mu nh.
Mu ln (khi n>30): phn ny chng ta s trnh by cch s dng Excel tin hnh

kim nh gi thuyt v trung bnh tng th. Chng ta s s dng d liu Mc tiu ca chng ta l tin hnh kim nh gi thuyt trng H0 no , v d trong trng hp ny chng ta mun kim nh gi thuyt l tr trung bnh ca mt bin ngu nhin no c gi tr l 7 nh sau: H0: =7 vi gi thuyt thay th H1: 7

y ra s lp li cc bc tnh cc i lng thng k m t nh trn. iu khc bit l ta sau tnh ton gi tr cc i lng kim nh.
Bc 1: Chn Tool, sau chn Data Analysis, ri chn Descriptive statistics. Bc 2: tnh ton c gi tr i lng kim nh, chng ta cn bit tr trung bnh

(mean) v sai s chun (standard error). Ta c th tm c cc gi tr trn trong bng kt qu trong Excel. V d, trong bng kt qu m t thng k trn, chng ta thy tr trung bnh nm ti D3 v sai s chun nm ti D4.
Bc 3: tnh c gi tr i lng kim nh ta lm nh sau: chn mt trn bng

tnh hin th kt qu, sau nhp cng thc cho l =(C3-7)/C4. y ta thy C3 l gi tr trung bnh ca mu, 7 l gi tr ca gi thuyt trng, v C4 l sai s chun, v cng thc ny l cng thc cho php ta tnh gi tr kim nh Z.

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Bc 4: Nu nh gi tr Z ln nm ngoi khong -1.96 ti +1.96 chng ta s bc b gi

thuyt trng vi mc ngha l 95%, nu nh gi tr Z nm trong khong -1.96 ti +1.96, chng ta s khng bc b gi thuyt trng.

Mu nh (n<30): Lp li cc bc s dng khi ta c mu ln, Exel c th c s

dng tin hnh kim nh trong trng hp chng ta c mu nh. Gi s chng ta cng mun kim nh vi gi thuyt trng v gi thuyt thay th nh trn H0: =7 vi gi thuyt thay th H1: 7 Lp li cc bc nh trn vi mu nh, nhng ln ny min gi tr chp nhn ca i lng kim nh t s khc vi min chp nhn ca kim nh Z. Nu gi tr i lng kim nh t nm trong khong -2.064 n +2.064 i vi mc ngha /2=0.025 v 24 t do, th chng ta s khng bc b gi thuyt trng, nu gi tr i lng kim nh t nm ngoi khong ny ta s bc b gi thuyt trng. (Vi mc ngha /2=0.025 v 10 t do th min gi tr s l -2.228 n +2.228).

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8 KIMNHSKHCBITGIAHAITRUNGBNHTNGTH

8.1 Muln:
Ti phn ny chng ta s trnh by cch s dng Excel tin hnh kim nh v s chnh lch hay khc bit gia trung bnh ca hai tng th. Gi thit c bn y l hai tng th ny c phng sai bng nhau. Gi s trc khi tin hnh a mt sn phm mi ra th trng, chng ta mun tm hiu xem sc mua ca ngi dn thuc hai thnh ph H Ni v H Ch Minh c tng ng nh nhau hay khng v chng ta tin hnh iu tra v mc thu nhp ca ngi dn ti hai thnh ph ny. Gi s mu ngu nhin ca chng ta gm c 35 quan st th hin bng di y. Thu nhp ca ngi dn tng thnh ph c th c k hiu l X1 v X2 d khi qut ho.
Thu nhp ti H Ni X1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 Thu nhp ti H Ch Minh X2 6 6 6 6 6 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 7 7 7 7 7 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5

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20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35

7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8

8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5 9 9 9 9

Min gi tr ca X1 nm trong khong 6-8 cn X2 bin ng trong khong 6-9. Mc ch chnh ca chng ta y l mun tin hnh kim nh xem c s khc bit ng k v gi tr trung bnh ca hai tng th hay khng. Gi thuyt trng l hai tng th c tr trung bnh l nh nhau, H0: 1=2, v gi thuyt thay th trung bnh hay tng th l khc nhau
H 1 : 1 2 , vi 1 v 2 l trung bnh ca tng th ca X1 v X2.

S dng cng c thng k m t trnh by trn chng ta c th tnh ton c trung bnh v phng sai ca hai mu. Excel khi tin hnh kim nh s chnh lch gia hai tng th cn thng tin v phng sai ca hai tng th. Do chng ta khng bit phng sai ca tng th (trong hu ht cc trng hp th cc tham s ca tng th nh k vong ton hay phng sai l nhng i lng cha bit), nn chng ta s dng phng sai ca mu thay th cho phng sai tng th. Thng k m t cho chng ta thy phng sai ca mu X1 l 0.57, v phng sai ca mu X2 l 0.98.

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tin hnh kim nh gi thuyt v chnh lch trung bnh gia hai tng th vi Excel ta thc hin cc bc sau:
Bc 1. Chn Tools, sau chn Data Analysis nh chng ta vn lm.

Bc 2. Khi ca s Data analysis xut hin, chng ta s chn Z-test: two sample for
means, v chn OK.

Bc 3. Khi ca s z-test: Two samples for means xut hin, chng ta s in khong d liu vo khong variable 1 range v variable 2 range tng ng vi X1 v X2. Tip sau chng ta s in 0 (zero) vo Hypothesis mean difference (v mt nguyn tc chng ta c th in bt k gi tr no m ta mun), sau ta in gi tr ca phng sau mu ca bin X1 v X2 vo variable 1 variance v variable 2 variance mt cch tng ng. Tip chng ta phi chn mc ngha , chng ta c th chn 0.05 nh v d trn hoc chn bt k gi tr no m ta mun. Cui cng chng ta chn ni Excel xut kt qu, v chn OK.

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Sau khi bm OK ta s c ca s kt qu nh sau

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Ta s thy mt s gi tr ti hn ca i lng z vi kim nh 1 bn v kim nh 2 bn. Tuy theo yu cu ca u bi ta s chn gi tr ti hn l mt bn hay hai bn cho ph hp. Nu nh gi tr ca i lng kim nh z nm trong khong -1.96 ti +1.96 chng ta s khng bc b gi thuyt trng. Ngc li nu z nm ngoi khong ny ta s bc b gi thuyt trng.

8.2 Munh:Mttronghaimucslngccquanstnhhn30.
Ti phn ny chng ta s trnh by cc s dng Excel kim nh gi thuyt v s khc bit gia hai trung bnh tng th khi hai tng th c phng sai bng nhau v s lng cc quan st trong mu nh. Tng t nh trn, mc tiu chnh ca vic kim nh l nh gi xem hai trung bnh tng th c khc nhau hay khng. Gi thuyt trng l hai tng th c tr trung bnh l nh nhau, H0: 1=2, v gi thuyt thay th trung bnh hay tng th l khc nhau H 1 : 1 2 , vi 1 v 2 l trung bnh ca tng th ca X1 v X2. Gi s ln ny chng ta ch c d liu v X1 v X2 nh sau

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phn trn chng ta phi tnh phng sai ca hai mu, phn ny Excel s t ng tnh ton cc i lng ny v s dng cc i lng ny trong vic tnh ton gi tr ca i lng kim nh. kim nh gi thuyt trong trng hp ny chng ta thc hin cc bc sau
Bc 1. Trong Excel chn Tool, sau chon Data Analysis, khi ca s Data Analysis

xut hin, chng ta chn: t-test: Two sample assuming equal variance, sau nhn OK.

Bc 2. Khi ca s t-test: Two samples assuming equal variance xut hin, chng ta

nhp khong d liu ca bin X1 vo variable 1 range, v khong d liu ca bin X2 vo variable 2 range, sau in s 0 (zero) vo Hypothesis mean difference (nu nh chng ta mun kim nh vi mt gi tr khc, v d nh 1-2=2, th ta c th in gi tr vo ny), ta chn labels Excel nhn bit rng dng trn cng ca hai ct d liu X1 v X2 khng phi l s liu dng tnh ton, tip ta chn mc ngha , trong v d ny ta chn 0.05 l mc vn thng c s dng, mc d chng ta c th chn bt k mc no m ta mun, sau ta chn mt ni Excel xut kt qu, v bm OK.

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Gi tr ca i lng kim nh t l -1.16563. Chng ta s bc b gi thuyt v hai tng th c k vng ton (trung bnh tng th) bng nhau nu i lng kim nh t<-2.086 hoc t>+2.086. Cc gi tr ny c th c tm bng cch tra bng phn phi t, trong t l gi tr ca bin ngu nhin tun th phn phi t c n1 + n2 2 bc t do vi mc ngha =0.05. Trong bng kt qu Excel, ta thy gi tr ca i lng kim nh khng nm ngoi khong t -2.086 n +2.086, nn ta khng bc b gi thuyt trng. Ta cng c th s dng i lng thng k p, nu ta so snh i lng ny vi mc ngha , ta cng s khng bc b gi thuyt trng. Lu : trn chng ta va tin hnh kim nh da trn gi thit l hai tng th c phng sai bng nhau. Nu chng ta khng mun s dng gi thit ny, chng ta c th chn t-test: Two samples assuming unequal variances. Trn thc t ng dng, hai kim nh ny trong hu ht cc trng hp l cho kt qu nh nhau. Tuy nhin, chng ta s an ton hn khi s dng kim nh t v khng gi thit l hai tng th c phng sai

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bng nhau. thc hin kim nh ny, chng ta chn t-test: Two samples assuming
unequal variance nh sau:

Sau lp li cc bc nh trong trng hp hai tng th c phng sai bng nhau ta c kt qu

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9 TNGQUANTUYNTNHVPHNTCHHIQUI
Ti phn ny chng ta tm hiu xem liu gia hai bin ngu nhin x v y c tng quan vi nhau hay khng. Sau chng ta s xy dng mt m hnh c th d on mt bin ny thng qua mt bin khc. C rt nhiu v d m chng ta c th s dng, nhng chng ta s cp ti mt v d hay c s dng trong kinh doanh. Thng thng bin c lp (bin gii thch) c k hiu bng ch X v bin ph thuc c k hiu bng ch Y. Mt nh kinh doanh mun xem xt xem liu c mi quan h gia s lng hp soda bn c v nhit trong nhng ngy h nng da trn nhng thng tin trong qu kh. ng thi nh kinh doanh ny cng mun c lng s lng hp soda m anh ta c th bn trong mt ngy h nng. lm c iu ny, nh kinh doanh ghi chp cn thn nhit v s lng hp soda bn c trong nhng ngy ny. Bng d liu sau y cho ta bit s liu t ngy 1/6 n ngy 13/6. Ngi d bo thi tit trn truyn hnh d

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bo l nhit s ln ti 94 F vo ngy 14/6, v nh kinh doanh mun p ng tt c nhu cu cho khch hng i vo ngy 14/6. Ngy 1/6 Hp soda bn Nhit 56 Trc ht, chng ta hy s dng Excel tm h s tng quan tuyn tnh gia lng hp soda bn v nhit trong ngy. Sau ta s s dng Excel tm ng hi qui. 58 63 66 73 78 85 85 87 84 88 84 89 57 2/6 59 3/6 65 4/6 67 5/6 75 6/6 81 7/6 86 8/6 88 9/6 88 10/6 11/6 12/6 13/6 84 82 80 83

9.1 Phntchtngquantuyntnh
H s tng quan tuyn tnh l mt i lng nm trong khong -1 v +1. i lng ny c k hiu bng r. tm r ta thc hin cc bc sau:
Bc 1. M Excel v nhp d liu sau t m d liu ta cn phn tch, tip theo t

thanh menu ta chn Tool v chn Data analysis Khi ta t m d liu cn phn tch nh trn, th bc sau Excel s rt thng minh nhn bit d liu ta cn phn tch l khong d liu no, v ta s khng phi in khong d liu bc 3.

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Bc 2. Khi ca s Data Analysis xut hin, ta chn correlation

Bc 3. Khi ca s tng quan xut hin ta in khong d liu vo mc input range

ca ca s ny, sau nhn OK. Nu nh bc 1 ta t m khong d liu ri th Excel s nhn bit iu ny v ta s khng phi in vo khong d liu vo mc input

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range na. ng thi ta chn Labels in first row Excel nhn bit v ta cng chn

khong d liu u ra output range l ni Excel xut kt qu phn tch.

Sau ta s thu c kt qu nh sau

Nh ta thy h s tng quan l rt gn +1, nh vy quan h tng quan gia hai bin l rt mnh. iu ny c ngha l khi nhit tng ln th nhu cu i vi nc ung soda hp cng tng ln.

9.2 Phntchhiqui
tm ng hi qui, ta cng thc hin cc bc tng t nh vy.
Bc 1: Sau khi nhp d liu, ta chn Tool v chn data analysis Bc 2: Khi ca s data analysis xut hin, ta chn regression

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Bc 3: Khi ca s regression xut hin, ta in khong d liu vo cho bin ph thuc

Y v bin c lp X, ng thi chn Labels. y bin X v Y hon ton do ta la chn. Ngi nghin cu phi thn trng trong vic tin hnh phn tch hi qui. Excel ch la mt cng c v n ch thc hin cc lnh m ra yu cu n thc hin.

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Copyright 2008 Development and Policies Research Center (DEPOCEN)

Bc 4: Sau tin hnh chn ni Excel xut kt qu ra. Ta thc hin iu ny bng

cch cung cp thng tin cho Excel bng cch in vo output range, sau n OK.

Quan h gia s hp soda bn c v nhit l: Y=0.879*X+9.178. S dng cng thc ny ta c th d on mt cch xp x s lng hp soda c th bn c vo ngy 31

Copyright 2008 Development and Policies Research Center (DEPOCEN)

14/6. Nhit c d on l c th ln ti 94F, v nh vy s hp soda c th bn c l: Y=0.879*94+9.178 = khong 92 hp. trn ta mi ch xem xt hm hi qui tuyn tnh n gin, trong bin ph thuc ch chu nh hng ca mt bin c lp. Chng ta c th m rng m hnh hi qui ny bng cch a thm cc bin khc vo m hnh. iu ny c th c thc hin trong Excel v cng n gin. bc 3 va nu trn, khi chng ta in khong d liu cho bin X ta s chn nhiu hn mt ct trong bng tnh Excel.

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